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Abstract Introduction The standard treatment for patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are not eligible for open brain surgery is the continuation of anti-seizure medication (ASM) and neuromodulation. This treatment does not cure epilepsy but only decreases severity. The PRECISION trial offers a non-invasive, possibly curative intervention for these patients, which consist of a single stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment. Previous studies have shown promising results of SRT in this patient population. Nevertheless, this intervention is not yet available and reimbursed in the Netherlands. We hypothesize that: SRT is a superior treatment option compared to palliative standard of care, for patients with focal DRE, not eligible for open surgery, resulting in a higher reduction of seizure frequency (with 50% of the patients reaching a 75% seizure frequency reduction at 2 years follow-up). Methods In this waitlist-controlled phase 3 clinical trial, participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either receive SRT as the intervention, while the standard treatments consist of ASM continuation and neuromodulation. After 2-year follow-up, patients randomized for the standard treatment (waitlist-control group) are offered SRT. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with focal DRE and a pretreatment defined epileptogenic zone (EZ) not eligible for open surgery will be included. The intervention is a LINAC-based single fraction (24 Gy) SRT treatment. The target volume is defined as the epileptogenic zone (EZ) on all (non) invasive examinations. The seizure frequency will be monitored on a daily basis using an electronic diary and an automatic seizure detection system during the night. Potential side effects are evaluated using advanced MRI, cognitive evaluation, Common Toxicity Criteria, and patient-reported outcome questionnaires. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of the SRT treatment will be evaluated. Discussion This is the first randomized trial comparing SRT with standard of care in patients with DRE, non-eligible for open surgery. The primary objective is to determine whether SRT significantly reduces the seizure frequency 2 years after treatment. The results of this trial can influence the current clinical practice and medical cost reimbursement in the Netherlands for patients with focal DRE who are not eligible for open surgery, providing a non-invasive curative treatment option. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT05182437. Registered on September 27, 2021.

High resolution feature mapping from medium resolution imageries gained special attention among remote sensing user community with the launch of Copernicus’ Sentinel-2 mission due to its capability to provide global coverage with relatively high revisit time at no cost. In this paper, we have examined and evaluated the potential of high resolution (2.5m) feature mapping from Sentinel-2 imageries with the aid of artificial intelligence. Generative adversarial network (GAN) is used as single image super resolution (SISR) technology in this study. And SPOT satellite imageries are used as corresponding high-resolution images. From qualitative and quantitative analysis of the experimental results found that spectral quality of the generated images is adequate for remote sensing applications. In conclusion, high resolution feature mapping from Sentinel-2 images found to be feasible to a greater extent for remote sensing applications.

Single image super resolution (SISR) technology has been attracted much attention from remote sensing community due to its proven potentials in remote sensing applications. Existing SISR techniques varying from conventional interpolation methods to different network architectures. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are one of the latest network architectures proven a greater potential as a SISR method whereas least attention has been given by the remote sensing community. Several studies have already been carried out on this context. However, yet there is no generalized GAN based approach to super resolve remote sensing imageries. Therefore, this study investigated the potentials of enhanced super resolution generative adversarial (ESRGAN) model to super resolve very high to medium resolution images from high to coarse resolution images for remote sensing applications. Two models were trained and Worldview-3 (WV3) images used as for very high resolution images. Whereas, down sampled WV3 and Sentinel-2(S2) were used as low resolution counterparts. Model performances were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed using standard metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, UIQI, CC, SAM, SID. Evaluation results emphasised super resolved images were preserved the original quality of the satellite images to a greater extent while improving its ground resolution.

Flooding is considered as one of the most devastated natural disasters due to its adverse effect on human lives as well as economy. Since more population concentrate towards flood prone areas and frequent occurrence of flood events due to global climate change, there is an urgent need in remote sensing community for faster and reliable inundation mapping technologies to increase the preparedness of population and reduce the catastrophic impact. With the recent advancement in remote sensing technologies and integration capability of deep learning algorithms with remote sensing data makes faster mapping of large area is feasible. Therefore, this study attempted to explore a faster and low cost solution for flood area extraction by integrating convolution neural networks (CNNs) with high resolution (1.5 m) SPOT satellite images. By consider the system requirement as a measure of cost, capabilities (speed and accuracy) of a deeper (ResNet101) and a shallower (MobileNetV2) CNNs on flood mapping were examined and compared. The models were trained and tested with satellite images captured during several flood events occurred in Japan. It is observed from the results that ResNet101 obtained better flood area mapping accuracy than MobileNetV2. Whereas, MobileNetV2 is having much higher capabilities in faster mapping in 0.3 s/km2 with a competitive accuracy and minimal system requirements than ResNet101.

Background. To reduce morbidity to cleft patients, new approaches have been developed and here, we report for the first time the use of deciduous dental pulp stem cells (DDPSC) associated with a hydroxyapatite-collagen sponge (Bio-Oss Collagen® 250 mg, Geistlich) for closing alveolar defects during secondary dental eruption, further comparing these results to historical controls. Methods. Six patients, aged 8 to 12, were selected. Autologous DDPSC were isolated from each patient, then associated with the biomaterial and this bone tissue engineered set was used to fill the alveolar defect. Computed tomography was performed to assess both preoperative and 6- and 12-month postoperative outcomes. Overall morbidity was recorded. Historical controls consisted of sixteen patients previously selected and randomly assigned to group one (rhBMP-2) or group two (iliac crest bone graft). Results. DDPSC could be isolated and characterized as mesenchymal stem cells. Progressive alveolar bone union has occurred in all patients. Similarly to group two 75.4%, SD±4.0, p>0.999, but statistically different from group one (59.6%, SD±9.9, p=0.001), completion of the defect with 75.6% (SD±4.8) of bone filling was detected 6 months postoperatively. Dental eruption routinely occurred in 66.7% of patients. No complications were detected, in comparison to significant swelling in 37.5% of group one patients and significant donor site pain in 87.5% of group two. Conclusion. For this selected group of patients, DDPSC therapy resulted in satisfactory bone healing with excellent feasibility and safety, which adds significantly to the prospect of stem cell use in clinical settings. Clinical Question/Level of Evidence. Therapeutic, II. This trial is registered with https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01932164?term=NCT01932164&rank=1.

This literature review aims to gather information on breast tumors that occur in dogs addressing characteristics of the mammary glands from its embryogenesis until the occurrence of this disease and its treatment. The mammary tumors in female dogs share many characteristics with breast tumors in women, and the dog is becoming a major ally in the clarification, treatment and search for new therapies for oncological diseases. They are the most common type of cancer in the species and are increasingly present in the routine of veterinary clinics due to increased longevity of pets, and all breeds are predisposed. Thus, knowledge of several aspects of this disease for a higher probability of cure is important.

Abstract In this paper, we analyze secondary data from surveys focusing on climate change and adaptation in Sao Paulo municipalities. The survey was completed by municipal actors who work in 332 of the 645 municipalities in the State. In this paper, we use a theoretical framework on urban climate governance, which highlights the role that local governments play in proposing strategies to deal with climate change, to present and discuss data related to: 1) the occurrence of extreme climatic events in these municipalities; 2) the impacts of these events; 3) local government actors’ perception about climate change; and 4) local actions and responses. Our analysis of these data significantly contributes to better understanding how cities in the most populous and economically developed state in Brazil perceive, respond and deal with climate change and what critical challenges hamper climate adaptation in these cities.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in the process of bone regeneration in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four Wistar strain rats were subjected to osteotomy of the right femur and randomly divided into 3 groups according to the drug to be given (diclofenac, rofecoxib, or placebo). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the time to euthanasia after the surgery. The animals of Subgroup 1 were submitted to euthanasia 2 weeks after surgery, and those of Subgroup 2, underwent euthanasia 4 weeks after surgery. Radiographic examinations and bone callus histomorphometry were analyzed. RESULTS: No intergroup statistical difference was found in the bone callus area or in bone formation area 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Intra-group analysis concerning the bone neoformation area inside the callus showed a significant difference within the diclofenac group, which presented less tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Fracture consolidation in Wistar rats occurs within less than 2 weeks, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not significantly influence this process.OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides tradicionais (AINES) e AINES que são inibidores seletivos da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2), no processo de regeneração óssea em ratos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Quarenta e quatro ratos da linhagem Wistar submetidos a osteotomia do femur direito e divididos em três grupos, conforme o medicamento que receberam (diclofenaco, rofecoxib e placebo). Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos, conforme o tempo até o sacrifício, após a cirurgia. Os animais do subgrupo 1 foram sacrificados duas semanas após a cirurgia e os do subgrupo 2, quatro semanas após a cirurgia. Foram analisados exames radiográficos e a histomorfometria do calo ósseo. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas na área do calo ósseo 2 e 4 semanas após a cirurgia. No que se refere à área de neoformação óssea dentro do calo, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante apenas dentro do grupo do diclofenaco, que apresentou menos tecido. CONCLUSÕES: A consolidação da fratura em ratos Wistar ocorre dentro de 2 semanas e o uso de antiinflamatórios não-esteróides não influi de forma significante neste processo.

Estimação e mapeamento de perfis de risco são interesses da Epidemiologia. Neste trabalho, é analisada a distribuição espacial de casos de mortalidade infantil, comparados a controles de nascidos vivos amostrados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A modelagem adotada neste trabalho baseia-se em um processo pontual espacial, na qual se define uma medida de risco que varia continuamente sobre a região de estudo e estimada por meio de métodos de modelos aditivos generalizados. Essa abordagem possui a vantagem de permitir a incorporação, no modelo, de efeitos de determinantes individuais e ecológicos de risco sob forma simples e de fácil interpretação. Também permite a construção de contornos de tolerância que auxiliam na identificação de áreas de alto/baixo risco e de um teste global da hipótese nula de risco constante relativa à região. A aplicação do método aos dados de mortalidade infantil mostrou variação espacial no risco altamente significativa para mortalidade neonatal e não significativa para mortalidade pós-neonatal.Estimation and mapping of risk profiles are the main concerns of epidemiology. This paper analyzes spatial distribution of infant mortality cases as compared to live-born controls from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. The modeling framework adopted in this research work is a spatial point process. Under this structure, a risk measure which continuously varies over the study region is defined and estimated using generalized additive model methods. This approach has the advantage of allowing for risk factors that are simple and easy to interpret. The procedure also allows the construction of tolerance contours which help identify areas of significantly high/low risk and an overall test for the null hypothesis of constant risk over the region. Application of this method to infant mortality data showed a highly significant spatial variation in risk for neonatal mortality data and non-significant results for post-neonatal mortality data.

Estimação e mapeamento de perfis de risco são interesses da Epidemiologia. Neste trabalho, é analisada a distribuição espacial de casos de mortalidade infantil, comparados a controles de nascidos vivos amostrados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A modelagem adotada neste trabalho baseia-se em um processo pontual espacial, na qual se define uma medida de risco que varia continuamente sobre a região de estudo e estimada por meio de métodos de modelos aditivos generalizados. Essa abordagem possui a vantagem de permitir a incorporação, no modelo, de efeitos de determinantes individuais e ecológicos de risco sob forma simples e de fácil interpretação. Também permite a construção de contornos de tolerância que auxiliam na identificação de áreas de alto/baixo risco e de um teste global da hipótese nula de risco constante relativa à região. A aplicação do método aos dados de mortalidade infantil mostrou variação espacial no risco altamente significativa para mortalidade neonatal e não significativa para mortalidade pós-neonatal.