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Background: To compare and evaluate the oral hygiene status among institutionalized visually impaired children using the Verbal, Braille, and Audio-Tactile method., Materials and Methods: The present study was a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial with a total of 96 visually impaired children both male and female, aged 6-16 years old were included in this study from a residential school for blind. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 - Verbal method, Group 2 - Braille method, and Group 3 - Audio-Tactile method. Baseline oral hygiene scores were recorded using the debris index, calculus index, gingival index and hand scaling was performed for all the children. Fone's brushing technique was taught to all the groups and fluoridated toothpaste was given to the children with 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Periodic reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions was done for each group. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the ANOVA test with ( P < 0.01)., Results: There was significant improvement in debris index, gingival index, and calculus index in all the three groups by the end of 6 months. All the three indices showed improvement in oral hygiene., Conclusion: Visually impaired children could maintain a respectable level of oral hygiene when taught specialized methods. However, periodic reinforcement is mandatory for good oral hygiene maintenance. Hence, it is recommended to use the combination of Verbal, Braille, and Audio-Tactile method for the best treatment outcomes in these special children., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they have no conflicts of interest, real or perceived, financial or nonfinancial in this article., (Copyright: © 2022 Dental Research Journal.)

Aim: The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate and compare two full-coronal restoration [stainless steel crowns (SSCs) and zirconia crown] in carious primary posterior teeth., Materials and Methods: Forty endodontically treated primary teeth in children within the age-group of 3-9 years were selected and divided into two equal groups (20 SSCs and 20 zirconia crown). The two crowns were evaluated for retentivity of crown, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problem, gingival response, plaque accumulation, and tooth wear in opposing teeth after 1 st and 3 rd month follow-up., Results: Both the crowns showed 100% results regarding TMJ problems, but SSCs performed better in terms of retention of crown, gingival response, plaque accumulation, and tooth wear in opposing teeth. The statistics showed significant result by using Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test., Conclusion: Stainless steel crowns performed better among both the full-coronal restoration for posterior primary teeth., Clinical Significance: Stainless steel crowns remain "Gold Standard", for posterior full coverage restorations in primary molars as compared to zirconia crowns., How to Cite This Article: Agrawal R, Khanduja R, Singhal M, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Stainless Steel Crown versus Zirconia Crown in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):15-19., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).)

Spontaneous ventilation is a popular mode of ventilation for patients with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Studies have shown, however, that spontaneous ventilation impairs gas exchange and that assisting or controlling ventilation results in higher oxygen saturation. Atelectasis during general anesthesia is a well described mechanism which impacts on gas exchange. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) increases the lung volume available for gas exchange. This study investigated whether the application of PEEP leads to an improvement of oxygen saturation in unassisted spontaneously breathing patients with a LMA. A total of 80 adult patients under general anesthesia were prospectively randomized into two groups. Both groups were left to breathe spontaneously. In group 1 the adjustable pressure limiting (APL) valve was opened resulting in zero end-expiratory pressure. In group 2 the valve was set to a PEEP of +7 cm H₂O. Oxygen saturation was measured by pulse oxymetry at four different phases: pre-induction, after induction and insertion of the LMA, during maintenance and in recovery. The application of PEEP did not improve oxygen saturation. In both groups the mean oxygen saturation was similar (97.2±1.8% in group 1 versus 97.2±1.9% in group 2, p=0.941) during maintenance. No effect on oxygen saturation in recovery could be found either (96.0±1.8% in group 1 versus 96.1±2.0% in group 2, p=0.952) and hemodynamics were unaffected by the application of PEEP. The application of a PEEP of +7 cm H₂O with a LMA under spontaneous ventilation cannot be recommended. Limitations of our study were the selection of healthy patients and omitting pre-oxygenation before induction which might have limited the development of atelectasis. In addition arterial partial pressure of oxygen (p(a)O₂) measurements could have revealed subtle changes in oxygenation.

The spectrum of acute renal failure in Falciparum malaria varies from mild urinary abnormalities to acute renal failure. Acute tubular necrosis has been reported in 1% patients, and acute cortical necrosis has rarely been reported. We present a case of acute cortical necrosis in a young patient with Falciparum malaria who had a prolonged oligo-anuric course followed by partial recovery of renal function.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis in renal allograft recipients is a rare but serious complication. The management of this entity is a subject of controversy in live related donor programs where the absence of a second donor is a key factor influencing surgical removal of the graft. We present a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a renal allograft recipient managed successfully with medical therapy alone.