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(1) Background: As part of the Scottish Government's five-year recovery plan to address the backlog in NHS care following the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacies in Scotland are planned to provide a Hospital Discharge Medicines Supply and Medicines Reconciliation Service. We aimed to qualitatively explore patients' experiences with this new service. (2) Method: Adult patients (≥18 years age) who consented to participate in the Community Pharmacy Hospital Discharge and Medicines Reconciliation Service were invited for an interview within 21 days of discharge from hospital. Qualitative, one-to-one, semi-structured patient interviews were conducted by telephone and audio-recorded using Microsoft Teams ® . The interview audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and underwent thematic analysis. (3) Results: Twelve patients were interviewed, evenly split by sex and with a median age of 62 years (range 36 to 88 years). Our analysis generated main five themes: patient engagement, stakeholder communication, practical factors, human factors, and comparative experiences. Many of these were interdependent. (4) Conclusions: Patients appreciated that the service ensured a quicker discharge from hospital. Good stakeholder communication, practical factors (including choice, location, and the realities of obtaining their medication from the community pharmacy), and a pre-existing and trusted relationship in their usual community pharmacy were the key factors that regulated the patient experience. Generally, patients were positive about the introduction of this new service. However, the lack of a previous relationship or trust with a community pharmacy, and previous experiences with medication supply problems were factors which had the potential to negatively impact patient experiences.

Griffithsin is an algae-derived lectin with strong anti-viral activity against HIV and a positive safety profile. Multiple clinical studies are investigating griffithsin's utility as topical HIV microbicide. HIV microbicides are an extremely cost-sensitive market and plant-based griffithsin protein expression has the potential to meet those demands. The griffithsin product used in the clinic has been expressed and purified in N. benthamiana , using a TMV-based viral vector system, Geneware®. Outdoor pharming of biopharmaceuticals would further alleviate startup costs for biotechnology firms and may allow broader product accessibility. Therefore, this study assessed expression in a hybrid tobacco line, N. excelsiana , that is susceptible to TMV-based viral vectors and can be grown outdoors. In addition to using this hybrid line we expand on methods for in planta storage of griffithsin in leafy plants by ensiling kilogram quantities of griffithsin. The ensiling process allows year-round biomanufacturing, minimal environmental-controlled storage, and reduces the industry need for multiple growth areas to maintain multi-product manufacturing of plant-based pharmaceuticals. This study shows that griffithsin can be expressed in N. excelsiana and is stable, recoverable, and active from ensiled tissue. These studies can pave the way for future plant-based pharmaceuticals to be expressed and stored in this manner., (Copyright © 2020 Eapen, Cates, Mundell, Palmer and Fuqua.)

Purpose: The development of fibrous nonunions after orthognathic surgery is thought to result from an interaction of biomechanical stress and the differential and more rapid migration of fibroblasts (compared with osteoblasts) into the wound site during healing. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis through the manipulation of guided tissue regeneration and osteotomy fixation techniques in an experimental rabbit model., Materials and Methods: Bilateral critical size (4 mm) defects (n = 24) were produced in the maxillae of 12 adult New Zealand white rabbits. The maxillary segments were rigidly or nonrigidly fixed using bone microplates and screws or osteosynthetic wires. The defects were then covered with a resorbable collagen membrane or left uncovered. The rabbits were followed for 4 weeks with the use of serial dorsoventral and lateral oblique cephalographs, and the maxillae were then harvested for histologic analyses., Results: Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses revealed that rigidly fixed defects, covered with membrane, showed the most rapid and organized new bone formation. The rigidly fixed defects with the membrane averaged approximately 40% more new bone in the osteotomy site compared with the rigidly fixed defects with no membrane. Nonrigidly fixed defects with no membrane showed an ingrowth of fibroblasts and fibrous nonunions., Conclusions: These experimental results suggest that an interaction between the decreased fibrous tissue ingrowth through guided tissue regeneration and osteotomy segment stability from rigid fixation prevented postoperative fibrous nonunions and facilitated new bone regeneration and osteotomy site healing in this rabbit model., (Copyright 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:427-436, 2002)

Purpose: The development of fibrous nonunions following orthognathic surgery is thought to result from an interaction of biomechanical stress and the differential and more rapid migration of fibroblasts compared to osteoblasts into the wound site during healing. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis through the manipulation of guided tissue regeneration and osteotomy fixation techniques in an experimental rabbit model., Materials and Methods: Bilateral critical size (4 mm) defects (n = 24) were produced in the maxillae of 12 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The maxillary segments were rigidly or nonrigidly fixed using bone microplates and screws or osteosynthetic wires. The defects were then covered with a resorbable collagen membrane or left uncovered. The rabbits were followed for 4 weeks with serial dorsoventral and lateral oblique cephalographs and the maxillae were then harvested for histological analysis., Results: Radiographic and histomorphometric analysis revealed that rigidly fixed defects, covered with membrane, showed the most rapid and organized new bone formation. The rigidly fixed defects with membrane averaged approximately 40% more new bone in the osteotomy site than the rigidly fixed defects with no membrane. Nonrigidly fixed defects with no membrane also showed an ingrowth of fibroblasts and fibrous nonunions., Conclusion: These results suggest that an interaction between the decreased fibrous tissue ingrowth through guided tissue regeneration and osteotomy segment stability from rigid fixation prevented postoperative fibrous nonunions and facilitated new bone regeneration and osteotomy site healing in this rabbit model.

Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital abnormality of the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. The severity of this disorder is variable and affects the anatomical landmarks essential for establishing the proper pathway for needle insertion prior to deposition of the local anesthetic solution to attain regional mandibular anesthesia preparatory to dental procedures. This paper describes normal anatomical considerations for regional anesthesia in the mandibular arch, deviations in normal anatomy found in patients with hemifacial microsomia, the rationale for suggesting modifications to standard techniques for mandibular anesthesia in patients with this disorder, and presents ways for the dentist to achieve anesthesia (analgesia) on the affected side of the mandibular arch in patients with hemifacial microsomia.