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Resumen basado en el de la publicación Resumen en inglés Se discuten los resultados de una prueba basada en cambios de fase y los estados de la materia. Se muestran conceptos erróneos en los alumnos, de entre 15-16 años, en los primeros dos años de la Escuela Secundaria superior italiana. Los alumnos muestran mejores resultados cuando deben trabajar con situaciones experimentales pero muestran dificultades para pasar de lo verbal al lenguaje gráfico. ESP

An electrophysiological follow-up was performed in a rare case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) that from the vegetative stage had an extremely favourable course, lasting 4 years, in which clinical conditions passed, according to the Risk and Haddad scale, from stage 3 to stage 1. In this period of time, 5 CT scans and a series of EEGs, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were performed to investigate the correlation between clinical course and electrophysiological diagnostic data. The results showed a significant improvement in diagnostic results, directly correlated with the remission of clinical symptoms. Electrophysiological signs of improvement in VEPs were obtained before observable improvement was seen on CT scans. These results indicate that an accurate electrophysiological study (through cerebral evoked potentials) has an important role in investigating suspected cases of SSPE, in following the clinical evolution of this disease and providing prognostic data.

We describe a new experimental model of fetal hydrocephalus in the lamb. 14 sheep were operated on at 100-120 days gestation for the insertion of a catheter into the fetal aqueduct of Sylvius to block cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. After the operation the intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured daily from the distal end of the catheter. The progress of ventricular dilatation was recorded by ultrasound. At ICP 100 mm/H2O the animals were killed for postmortem examination of the fetuses. Neuropathological examination showed massive dilatation of the ventricles. The ependymal cells appeared to be flat and the cellular lining disrupted. Growth of pseudocysts, cellular stratification and proliferation of the paraventricular germinal cells were observed also. With our new experimental model we were able to control the rise in ICP and correlate the evolution of the anatomical damage with the duration of high ICP and with the gestational age at which it began. Our model can also be used at early stages of gestation for reversing the development of hydrocephalus. It might therefore provide information on the suitability of fetal hydrocephalus surgery.