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1. Beetle (Ulomoides dermestoides) fat improves diabetes: effect on liver and pancreatic architecture and on PPARγ expression

Author

E.I. Jasso-Villagomez, M. Garcia-Lorenzana, J.C. Almanza-Perez, M.A. Fortis-Barrera, G. Blancas-Flores, R. Roman-Ramos, L.A. Prado-Barragan, and F.J. Alarcon-Aguilar

Subjects
Diabetes, Ulomoides dermestoides, Hypoglycemic agent, Insulin-sensitizing agent, Fatty acids, PPARγ, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Ulomoides dermestoides is a beetle traditionally consumed to treat diabetes. In this study, we performed a composition analysis of U. dermestoides to obtain the principal fractions, which were used to assess the effect on glycemia, liver and pancreatic architecture, and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression. Normal mice and alloxan-induced diabetic mice were administered fractions of chitin, protein or fat, and the acute hypoglycemic effect was evaluated. A subacute study involving daily administration of these fractions to diabetic mice was also performed over 30 days, after which the liver and pancreas were processed by conventional histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate morphological changes. The most active fraction, the fat fraction, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and PPARγ and GLUT4 mRNA expressions were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The protein and fat fractions exhibited hypoglycemic effects in the acute as well as in the 30-day study. Only the fat fraction led to elevated insulin levels and reduced glycemia, as well as lower intake of water and food. In the liver, we observed recovery of close hepatic cords in the central lobule vein following treatment with the fat fraction, while in the pancreas there was an increased density and percentage of islets and number of cells per islet, suggesting cellular regeneration. The GC-MS analysis of fat revealed three fatty acids as the major components. Finally, increased expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating an antidiabetic effect.

Published
2018
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5. Christliche Sorge im Gesundheitswesen. Eine kritische Reflexion auf die christliche Liebes- und die säkulare Sorgeethik

Author

Grüters-Kieslich, Annette, Messner, Angelika C, Radbruch, Andreas, Marek, Roman, Grüters-Kieslich, A ( Annette ), Messner, A C ( Angelika C ), Radbruch, A ( Andreas ), Marek, R ( Roman ), Coors, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-4846, Grüters-Kieslich, Annette, Messner, Angelika C, Radbruch, Andreas, Marek, Roman, Grüters-Kieslich, A ( Annette ), Messner, A C ( Angelika C ), Radbruch, A ( Andreas ), Marek, R ( Roman ), and Coors, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7828-4846

Published
2024

8. Interactive Effects of Increasing Temperature and Decreasing Oxygen on Coastal Copepods

Author

Michael R. Roman and James J. Pierson

Subjects
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

The copepods of coastal seas are experiencing warming water temperatures, which increase their oxygen demand. In addition, many coastal seas are also losing oxygen because of deoxygenation due to cultural eutrophication. Warming coastal seas have changed copepod species' composition and biogeographic boundaries and, in many cases, resulted in copepod communities that have shifted in size distribution to smaller species. While increases in ambient water temperatures can explain some of these changes, deoxygenation has also been shown to result in reduced copepod growth rates, reduced size at adulthood, and altered species composition. In this review we focus on the interactive effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on pelagic copepods, which dominate coastal zooplankton communities. The uniformity in ellipsoidal shape, the lack of external oxygen uptake organs, and the pathway of oxygen uptake through the copepod's integument make calanoid copepods ideal candidates for testing the use of an allometric approach to predict copepod size with increasing water temperatures and decreasing oxygen in coastal seas. Considering oxygen and temperature as a combined and interactive driver in coastal ecosystems will provide a unifying approach for future predictions of coastal copepod communities and their impact on fisheries and biogeochemical cycles. Given the prospect of increased oxygen limitation of copepods in warming seas, increased knowledge of the physiological ecology of present-day copepods in coastal deoxygenated zones can provide insights into the copepod communities that will inhabit a future warmer ocean.

Published
2022
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9. Hyperspectral imaging in brain tumor surgery:evidence of machine learning-based performance

Author

Puustinen, S. (Sami), Vrzáková, H. (Hana), Hyttinen, J. (Joni), Rauramaa, T. (Tuomas), Fält, P. (Pauli), Hauta-Kasari, M. (Markku), Bednarik, R. (Roman), Koivisto, T. (Timo), Rantala, S. (Susanna), von und zu Fraunberg, M. (Mikael), Jääskeläinen, J. E. (Juha E.), Elomaa, A.-P. (Antti-Pekka), Puustinen, S. (Sami), Vrzáková, H. (Hana), Hyttinen, J. (Joni), Rauramaa, T. (Tuomas), Fält, P. (Pauli), Hauta-Kasari, M. (Markku), Bednarik, R. (Roman), Koivisto, T. (Timo), Rantala, S. (Susanna), von und zu Fraunberg, M. (Mikael), Jääskeläinen, J. E. (Juha E.), and Elomaa, A.-P. (Antti-Pekka)

Abstract

Background: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has the potential to enhance surgical tissue detection and diagnostics. Definite utilization of intraoperative HSI guidance demands validated machine learning and public datasets that currently do not exist. Moreover, current imaging conventions are dispersed, and evidence-based paradigms for neurosurgical HSI have not been declared. Methods: We presented the rationale and a detailed clinical paradigm for establishing microneurosurgical HSI guidance. In addition, a systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the current indications and performance of neurosurgical HSI systems, with an emphasis on machine learning-based methods. Results: The published data comprised a few case series or case reports aiming to classify tissues during glioma operations. For a multitissue classification problem, the highest overall accuracy of 80% was obtained using deep learning. Our HSI system was capable of intraoperative data acquisition and visualization with minimal disturbance to glioma surgery. Conclusions: In a limited number of publications, neurosurgical HSI has demonstrated unique capabilities in contrast to the established imaging techniques. Multidisciplinary work is required to establish communicable HSI standards and clinical impact. Our HSI paradigm endorses systematic intraoperative HSI data collection, which aims to facilitate the related standards, medical device regulations, and value-based medical imaging systems.

Published
2023

10. THE USE OF A COMBINED SEAL TO REDUCE THE LOAD ACTING ON THE CYLINDER PISTON SEAL

Author

R. Roman

Subjects
Complementary and alternative medicine, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology (medical)
Abstract

In this scientific paper, the importance of the life of the cylinder piston seal for medium and high pres-sure reciprocating compressor units is considered. The scheme of forces acting on the seal (valid for both piston rings and cuff seals) is considered. The basic calculation formulas are given and a prom-ising design of a combined seal is proposed to increase the service life of the entire compressor unit operating mainly without lubrication of the flow part of the cylinder. To solve this problem, a hypothe-sis is put forward about the possibility of reducing the load on the seal by throttling the gas, thereby not reducing the performance of the piston unit. In addition, diagrams and photos of a promising de-sign of a combined seal (four combination options) are given. A detailed description of the experi-mental stand for determining the pressure drop (load) acting on the cuff seal is made. The procedure for conducting an experimental study is also described. As a result, it is found that the use of a com-bined seal allows to reduce the pressure drop on the first seal by about two times from 2 MPa to 1.1 MPa. Thus, the service life of the seal, theoretically, increases proportionally to the decrease in the pressure drop, also by two times.

Published
2022
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11. Copepod habitat suitability estimates vary among oxygen metrics in Chesapeake Bay

Author

James J Pierson, Jeremy M Testa, and Michael R Roman

Subjects
Ecology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Seasonal deoxygenation in coastal and estuarine systems leads to decreased available habitat for many planktonic organisms. However, the volume of available habitat can be defined in different ways, depending on the oxygen metrics employed. Here, we used monitoring data for water quality to estimate the seasonal and inter-annual variability in habitat for the copepod Acartia tonsa in Chesapeake Bay, defined using three different oxygen metrics: a concentration-based (2 mg l−1) definition of hypoxia, and two partial pressure-based definitions corresponding to limiting oxygen demand (Pcrit), and the minimum requirement for respiration (Pleth). We examined spatial and temporal trends in the oxygen habitat, and compared habitat estimates to zooplankton abundance and distribution and in relation to hydrologically wet, average, and dry years. Pcrit predicted the largest volume of unsuitable deoxygenated habitat over space and time, and dry conditions were associated with a decreased extent of deoxygenated habitat compared to average and wet conditions. No clear relationship between copepod abundance and habitat availability was observed, but the position of peak abundance of A. tonsa correlated to the extent of deoxygenated habitat using Pcrit. Species-specific metrics to describe oxygen habitat may be more useful in understanding the non-lethal impacts of deoxygenation.

Published
2022
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12. A (-)-Carvona Modula a Sinalização de Cálcio Intracelular com Ação Antiarrítmica em Corações de Ratos

Author

Gilmara Beatriz Andrade da Silva, Diego Santos Souza, José Evaldo Rodrigues Menezes-Filho, Júlio Alves da Silva-Neto, Jader dos Santos Cruz, Danilo R. Roman-Campos, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, and Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos

Subjects
Arritmias Cardíacas, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Monoterpenos, Ratos
Abstract

Resumo Fundamento: A (-)-carvona é um monoterpeno encontrado em óleos essenciais com atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamátoria. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a propriedade antiarrítmica da (-)-carvona no coração de rato e seus efeitos sobre a sinalização de Ca+2 intracelular. Métodos: Os efeitos da (-)-carvona foram avaliados sobre a contratilidade atrial (0,01 – 4 mM) e ventricular (0,5 mM), e no eletrocardiograma (0,5mM). A fração de encurtamento, a corrente de cálcio do tipo L (ICa,L) e a sinalização de Ca+2 foram medidas no cardiomiócito isolado (0,5 mM). O efeito antiarrítmico foi avaliado no modelo de arritmia induzida por sobrecarga de cálcio (0,5 mM) (n = 5). Um p < 0,05 foi adotado como nível de significância estatística. Resultados: No átrio, a (-)-carvona causou inotropismo negativo de maneira concentração-dependente (EC50 0,44 ± 0,11 mM) e diminuiu o inotropismo positivo induzido pelo CaCl2 (0,1 – 8,0 mM) e BAY K8644 (5 - 500 nM), um agonista de canal de cálcio do tipo L. Em coração isolado, a (-)-carvona (0,5mM) reduziu a contratilidade ventricular em 73% e a frequência cardíaca (em 46%), aumentou o Pri (30,7%, tempo desde o início da onda P até a onda R) e o QTc (9,2%, uma medida de despolarização e repolarização dos ventrículos), sem mudar a duração do complexo QRS. A (-)-carvona diminuiu a fração de encurtamento (61%), a (ICa,L) (79%) e o transiente intracelular de Ca+2 (38%). Além disso, a (-)-carvona apresentou ação antiarrítmica, identificada pela redução do escore de arritmia (85%) e ocorrência de fibrilação ventricular. Conclusão: A (-)-carvona reduz a entrada de Ca+2 através de canais de Ca+2 do tipo L e, assim, diminui a contratilidade cardíaca e o Ca+2 intracelular e apresenta promissora atividade antiarrítmica no coração de ratos.

Published
2022
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13. The Influence of Emotions on Treatment Decisions About Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Author

Benjamin R. Roman, Susan C. Pitt, Megan C. Saucke, Stewart C. Alexander, and Corrine I. Voils

Subjects
Adult, Male, Academic Medical Centers, Physician-Patient Relations, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Decision Making, Emotions, MEDLINE, Thyroid Cancer and Nodules, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Young Adult, Endocrinology, medicine, Humans, Female, Thyroid Neoplasms, Treatment decision making, business, Thyroid cancer, Aged, Qualitative research, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background: Little is known about the role of emotions in treatment decisions for thyroid cancer. We aimed to characterize the emotional content of patient–surgeon communication during decision-making about low-risk thyroid cancer treatment. Methods: We audio-recorded conversations about treatment for clinically low-risk thyroid cancer or biopsy suspicious for thyroid cancer between patients (n = 30) and surgeons (n = 9) in two diverse, academic hospitals in the United States. Inductive and deductive content analyses were used to characterize the emotional content in verbatim transcripts. Results: Patients' expression of emotion focused on primarily on their diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Patients commonly expressed negative emotions like fear and anxiety about “the C-word” and worried about the cancer growing or spreading. In response, most surgeons used education, as opposed to empathy or validation, to reassure patients, often highlighting low probabilities of adverse events. Surgeons emphasized the “slow-growing” nature and excellent prognosis of thyroid cancer compared with other malignancies. When discussing treatment options, surgeons often described alternatives in terms of their emotional outcomes. Some described total thyroidectomy as providing “peace of mind” or a “sense of completeness,” warning that cancer or thyroid tissue remaining in the body with active surveillance or lobectomy might “worry” or “bother” patients. Surgeons supported deliberation by reassuring patients that there are “two right answers” and “no rush” to decide. Conclusions: Patients express negative emotions during treatment decision-making. In response, surgeons often miss opportunities to provide empathy in addition to education. Surgeons and patients both acknowledge patient fear and anxiety as a reason to choose thyroidectomy instead of active surveillance. Peace of mind gained by patients and surgeons as a result of thyroidectomy may lead to overtreatment of patients with low-risk thyroid cancer.

Published
2021
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15. EVL and MIM/MTSS1 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling to promote dendritic filopodia in neurons

Author

Sara S. Parker, Kenneth Tran Ly, Adam D. Grant, Jillian Sweetland, Ashley M. Wang, James D. Parker, Mackenzie R. Roman, Kathylynn Saboda, Denise J. Roe, Megha Padi, Charles W. Wolgemuth, Paul Langlais, and Ghassan Mouneimne

Subjects
Cell Biology
Abstract

Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic compartment of a neuronal synapse and are critical for synaptic connectivity and plasticity. A developmental precursor to dendritic spines, dendritic filopodia (DF), facilitate synapse formation by sampling the environment for suitable axon partners during neurodevelopment and learning. Despite the significance of the actin cytoskeleton in driving these dynamic protrusions, the actin elongation factors involved are not well characterized. We identified the Ena/VASP protein EVL as uniquely required for the morphogenesis and dynamics of DF. Using a combination of genetic and optogenetic manipulations, we demonstrated that EVL promotes protrusive motility through membrane-direct actin polymerization at DF tips. EVL forms a complex at nascent protrusions and DF tips with MIM/MTSS1, an I-BAR protein important for the initiation of DF. We proposed a model in which EVL cooperates with MIM to coalesce and elongate branched actin filaments, establishing the dynamic lamellipodia-like architecture of DF.

Published
2023
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16. Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo

Author

Qian Xue, Sophia R.S. Varady, Trinity Q Alaka’i Waddell, Mackenzie R. Roman, James Carrington, and Minna Roh-Johnson

Subjects
Cell Biology
Abstract

Focal adhesions are structures that physically link the cell to the extracellular matrix for cell migration. Although cell culture studies have provided a wealth of information regarding focal adhesion biology, it is critical to understand how focal adhesions are dynamically regulated in their native environment. We developed a zebrafish system to visualize focal adhesion structures during single-cell migration in vivo. We find that a key site of phosphoregulation (Y118) on Paxillin exhibits reduced phosphorylation in migrating cells in vivo compared to in vitro. Furthermore, expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of Y118-Paxillin increases focal adhesion disassembly and promotes cell migration in vivo, despite inhibiting cell migration in vitro. Using a mouse model, we further find that the upstream kinase, focal adhesion kinase, is downregulated in cells in vivo, and cells expressing non-phosphorylatable Y118-Paxillin exhibit increased activation of the CRKII-DOCK180/RacGEF pathway. Our findings provide significant new insight into the intrinsic regulation of focal adhesions in cells migrating in their native environment.

Published
2023
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17. Integrative approaches to understanding organismal responses to aquatic deoxygenation

Author

H. Arthur Woods, Amy L. Moran, David Atkinson, Asta Audzijonyte, Michael Berenbrink, Francisco O. Borges, Karen G. Burnett, Louis E. Burnett, Christopher J. Coates, Rachel Collin, Elisa M. Costa-Paiva, Murray I. Duncan, Rasmus Ern, Elise M. J. Laetz, Lisa A. Levin, Max Lindmark, Noelle M. Lucey, Lillian R. McCormick, James J. Pierson, Rui Rosa, Michael R. Roman, Eduardo Sampaio, Patricia M. Schulte, Erik A. Sperling, Aleksandra Walczyńska, Wilco C. E. P. Verberk, and Laetz lab

Subjects
Oxygen, Aquatic Organisms, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Stress, Physiological, Climate Change, Animals, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biological Evolution, Ecosystem
Abstract

Oxygen bioavailability is declining in aquatic systems worldwide as a result of climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. For aquatic organisms, the consequences are poorly known but are likely to reflect both direct effects of declining oxygen bioavailability and interactions between oxygen and other stressors, including two—warming and acidification— that have received substantial attention in recent decades and that typically accompany oxygen changes. Drawing on the collected papers in this symposium volume (“An Oxygen Perspective on Climate Change”), we outline the causes and consequences of declining oxygen bioavailability. First, we discuss the scope of natural and predicted anthropogenic changes in aquatic oxygen levels. Although modern organisms are the result of long evolutionary histories during which they were exposed to natural oxygen regimes, anthropogenic change is now exposing them to more extreme conditions and novel combinations of low oxygen with other stressors. Second, we identify behavioral and physiological mechanisms that underlie the interactive effects of oxygen with other stressors, and we assess the range of potential organismal responses to oxygen limitation that occur across levels of biological organization and over multiple timescales. We argue that metabolism and energetics provide a powerful and unifying framework for understanding organism-oxygen interactions. Third, we conclude by out-lining a set of approaches for maximizing the effectiveness of future work, including focusing on long-term experiments using biologically realistic variation in experimental factors and taking truly cross-disciplinary and integrative approaches to understanding and predicting future effects.

Published
2022

18. Factors associated with physicians’ recommendations for managing low-risk papillary thyroid cancer

Author

Megan C. Saucke, Catherine B. Jensen, Nick Zaborek, Alexandria D. McDow, Juan P. Brito, Benjamin R. Roman, Jamia Linn Jennings, Louise Davies, and Susan C. Pitt

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Decision-Making, Thyroid Gland, Specialty, Comorbidity, Medical Overuse, Logistic regression, Risk Assessment, Article, Papillary thyroid cancer, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Thyroid Neoplasms, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Watchful Waiting, Thyroid cancer, Aged, Surgeons, business.industry, Thyroid, Age Factors, Thyroidectomy, Patient Preference, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Preference, Tumor Burden, Endocrinologists, medicine.anatomical_structure, Thyroid Cancer, Papillary, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Female, Surgery, Professional association, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The 2015 American Thyroid Association endorsed less aggressive management for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (LR-PTC). We aimed to identify factors influencing physicians’ recommendations for LR-PTC. METHODS: We surveyed members of three professional societies and assessed respondents’ recommendations for managing LR-PTC using patient scenarios. Multivariable logistic regression models identified clinical and non-clinical factors associated with recommending total thyroidectomy (TT) and active surveillance (AS). RESULTS: The 345 respondents included 246 surgeons and 99 endocrinologists. Physicians’ preference for their own management if diagnosed with LR-PTC had the strongest association with their recommendation for TT and AS (TT: OR 12.3; AS: OR 7.5, p

Published
2021
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19. Using High–Low Flight Gravity Data to Improve Geoid Model Precision: A Case Study in U.S. Virgin Islands (July 2021)

Author

X. Li, Vicki A. Childers, Theresa Damiani, Jeffery Johnson, and D. R. Roman

Subjects
Gravity (chemistry), Altitude, Geoid, Geodetic datum, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Effects of high altitude on humans, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Geodesy, Surface gravity, Longitude, Geology, Latitude
Abstract

The Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) project collected airborne gravity data over Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (VI). There was one large N-S/E-W survey at about 11km altitude running from N17 to N21 latitude and E291 to E297 longitude. Considering the very limited surface gravity coverage on VI, only about 500 points, additional flights were conducted at lower altitudes (1.5 km to 1.8 km). By adding these additional low altitude aerial gravity data, the geoid model precision is improved from 6.55 cm with no airborne data to 2.55 cm with both the high and low altitude data. Using only the high altitude flights achieves only 4.99 cm geoid model precision. The ~500 surface gravity data points in the target area do not improve the model precision significantly, which justifies the rationale of carrying out these lower altitude flights. Noticing the nearly 3 times geoid model precision improvements from the low flight data, we suggest to fly in low altitudes in future airborne gravimetric survey for geoid modeling in the areas that have limited surface gravity coverage and/or small topographic features like islands that are not well-sampled in high-altitude, wider-spaced data.

Published
2022
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23. Primary tumor volume as a predictor of distant metastases and survival in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma

Author

Alexander N. Shoushtari, Marc Cohen, Shivangi Lohia, Jatin P. Shah, Akash A. Shah, Viviane Tabar, Benjamin R. Roman, Christopher A. Barker, Jennifer R. Cracchiolo, Snehal G. Patel, Ian Ganly, and Stephanie Flukes

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Ajcc stage, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Overall survival, medicine, Humans, In patient, Single institution, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Melanoma, Survival analysis, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, High mortality, Mucosal melanoma, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Tumor Burden, Survival Rate, Nasal Mucosa, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an aggressive cancer with high mortality. Identifying patients at risk of distant metastasis assists with management and prognostication. We aimed to define the relationship between volume, survival, and risk of distant metastases. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients with SNMM treated at a single institution over a 21-year period was conducted. Tumor volume was calculated using cross-sectional imaging and survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were included. Tumor volume was predictive of local progression free survival (LPFS) (p=0.032), distant metastases free survival (DMFS) (p=0.002), and overall survival (OS) (p=0.022). It was a better predictor than AJCC stage and T-classification. Tumor volume equal to or greater than 5cm(3) was associated with a significantly worse DMFS and OS (p=0.022 and 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: Calculation of tumor volume assists in quantifying the risk of distant metastases and death in SNMM.

Published
2020
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24. The 3 Bs of cancer care amid the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis: 'Be safe, be smart, be kind'—A multidisciplinary approach increasing the use of radiation and embracing telemedicine for head and neck cancer

Author

Sean McBride, Jatin P. Shah, Marc Cohen, Richard J. Wong, Alan L. Ho, Benjamin R. Roman, Ashok R. Shaha, Lara Dunn, Jung Julie Kang, Jay O. Boyle, Daphna Y. Gelblum, James Vincent Fetten, Bhuvanesh Singh, Kaveh Zakeri, Snehal G. Patel, C. Jillian Tsai, Nadeem Riaz, Linda Chen, Alisa Rybkin, Luc G. T. Morris, Erin F. Gillespie, Ian Ganly, David G. Pfister, Yao Yu, Eric J. Sherman, Nancy Y. Lee, and Jennifer R. Cracchiolo

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), telehealth, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multidisciplinary approach, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Personal Protective Equipment, Personal protective equipment, business.industry, Public health, Head and neck cancer, COVID-19, Cancer, radiation oncology, medicine.disease, Oncology, Elective Surgical Procedures, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Commentary, head and neck cancer, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), Medical emergency, business
Abstract

Because of the national emergency triggered by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, government‐mandated public health directives have drastically changed not only social norms but also the practice of oncologic medicine. Timely head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment must be prioritized, even during emergencies. Because severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 predominantly resides in the sinonasal/oral/oropharyngeal tracts, nonessential mucosal procedures are restricted, and HNCs are being triaged toward nonsurgical treatments when cures are comparable. Consequently, radiation utilization will likely increase during this pandemic. Even in radiation oncology, standard in‐person and endoscopic evaluations are being restrained to limit exposure risks and preserve personal protective equipment for other frontline workers. The authors have implemented telemedicine and multidisciplinary conferences to continue to offer standard‐of‐care HNC treatments during this uniquely challenging time. Because of the lack of feasibility data on telemedicine for HNC, they report their early experience at a high‐volume cancer center at the domestic epicenter of the COVID‐19 crisis., Cancer care is undeniably affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) public health emergency, but quality cancer care must persist. A high‐volume cancer center from the domestic epicenter of the COVID‐19 crisis shares its multidisciplinary approach to integrating current public health restrictions and adopting telemedicine to optimize the care of patients with head and neck cancer; it is hoped that this center's experience will provide helpful insights to oncology colleagues.

Published
2020
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26. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), van den Hoogen, J. (Johan), Aalto, J. (Juha), Ashcroft, M. B. (Michael B.), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Kemppinen, J. (Julia), Kopecky, M. (Martin), Luoto, M. (Miska), Maclean, I. M. (Ilya M. D.), Crowther, T. W. (Thomas W.), Bailey, J. J. (Joseph J.), Haesen, S. (Stef), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Niittynen, P. (Pekka), Scheffers, B. R. (Brett R.), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Aartsma, P. (Peter), Abdalaze, O. (Otar), Abedi, M. (Mehdi), Aerts, R. (Rien), Ahmadian, N. (Negar), Ahrends, A. (Antje), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, J. M. (Jake M.), Allonsius, C. N. (Camille Nina), Altman, J. (Jan), Ammann, C. (Christof), Andres, C. (Christian), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Arzac, A. (Alberto), Aschero, V. (Valeria), Assis, R. L. (Rafael L.), Assmann, J. J. (Jakob Johann), Bader, M. Y. (Maaike Y.), Bahalkeh, K. (Khadijeh), Barancok, P. (Peter), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Barros, A. (Agustina), Barthel, M. (Matti), Basham, E. W. (Edmund W.), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bazzichetto, M. (Manuele), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bell, M. C. (Michael C.), Benavides, J. C. (Juan C.), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berauer, B. J. (Bernd J.), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Bjorkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Bjornsdottir, K. (Katrin), Blonder, B. (Benjamin), Boeckx, P. (Pascal), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Brum, B. N. (Barbara N. S.), Bruna, J. (Josef), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Camargo, J. L. (Jose Luis), Campoe, O. C. (Otavio C.), Candan, O. (Onur), Canessa, R. (Rafaella), Cannone, N. (Nicoletta), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Carnicer, J. (Jofre), Casanova-Katny, A. (Angelica), Cesarz, S. (Simone), Chojnicki, B. (Bogdan), Choler, P. (Philippe), Chown, S. L. (Steven L.), Cifuentes, E. F. (Edgar F.), Ciliak, M. (Marek), Contador, T. (Tamara), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curasi, S. R. (Salvatore R.), Curtis, R. (Robin), Cutini, M. (Maurizio), Dahlberg, C. J. (C. Johan), Daskalova, G. N. (Gergana N.), Angel de Pablo, M. (Miguel), Della Chiesa, S. (Stefano), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Deronde, B. (Bart), Descombes, P. (Patrice), Di Cecco, V. (Valter), Di Musciano, M. (Michele), Dick, J. (Jan), Dimarco, R. D. (Romina D.), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eklundh, L. (Lars), Erickson, T. E. (Todd E.), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewers, R. M. (Robert M.), Exton, D. A. (Dan A.), Fanin, N. (Nicolas), Fazlioglu, F. (Fatih), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Fenu, G. (Giuseppe), Ferlian, O. (Olga), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (M. Rosa), Fernandez-Pascual, E. (Eduardo), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Higgens, R. F. (Rebecca Finger), Forte, T. G. (T'ai G. W.), Freeman, E. C. (Erika C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Fuentes-Lillo, E. (Eduardo), Garcia, R. A. (Rafael A.), Garcia, M. B. (Maria B.), Geron, C. (Charly), Gharun, M. (Mana), Ghosn, D. (Dany), Gigauri, K. (Khatuna), Gobin, A. (Anne), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Gottschall, F. (Felix), Goulding, K. (Keith), Govaert, S. (Sanne), Graae, B. J. (Bente Jessen), Greenwood, S. (Sarah), Greiser, C. (Caroline), Grelle, A. (Achim), Guenard, B. (Benoit), Guglielmin, M. (Mauro), Guillemot, J. (Joannes), Haase, P. (Peter), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud H.), Hamid, M. (Maroof), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Hampe, A. (Arndt), Haugum, S. V. (Siri, V), Hederova, L. (Lucia), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Helfter, C. (Carole), Hepenstrick, D. (Daniel), Herberich, M. (Maximiliane), Herbst, M. (Mathias), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hik, D. S. (David S.), Hoffren, R. (Raul), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hörtnagl, L. (Lukas), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Hrbacek, F. (Filip), Hylander, K. (Kristoffer), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. A. (Marcin Antoni), Jactel, H. (Herve), Jarveoja, J. (Jarvi), Jastrzebowski, S. (Szymon), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Jimenez, J. J. (Juan J.), Jonsdottir, I. S. (Ingibjorg S.), Jucker, T. (Tommaso), Jump, A. S. (Alistair S.), Juszczak, R. (Radoslaw), Kanka, R. (Robert), Kaspar, V. (Vit), Kazakis, G. (George), Kelly, J. (Julia), Khuroo, A. A. (Anzar A.), Klemedtsson, L. (Leif), Klisz, M. (Marcin), Kljun, N. (Natascha), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Kobler, J. (Johannes), Kollar, J. (Jozef), Kotowska, M. M. (Martyna M.), Kovacs, B. (Bence), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Lamprecht, A. (Andrea), Lang, S. I. (Simone, I), Larson, C. (Christian), Larson, K. (Keith), Laska, K. (Kamil), Maire, G. I. (Guerric Ie), Leihy, R. I. (Rachel, I), Lens, L. (Luc), Liljebladh, B. (Bengt), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lorite, J. (Juan), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Lynn, J. (Joshua), Macek, M. (Martin), Mackenzie, R. (Roy), Magliulo, E. (Enzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Malfasi, F. (Francesco), Malis, F. (Frantisek), Man, M. (Matej), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Manco, A. (Antonio), Manise, T. (Tanguy), Manolaki, P. (Paraskevi), Marciniak, F. (Felipe), Matula, R. (Radim), Clara Mazzolari, A. (Ana), Medinets, S. (Sergiy), Medinets, V. (Volodymyr), Meeussen, C. (Camille), Merinero, S. (Sonia), Guimaraes Mesquita, R. d. (Rita de Cassia), Meusburger, K. (Katrin), Meysman, F. J. (Filip J. R.), Michaletz, S. T. (Sean T.), Milbau, A. (Ann), Moiseev, D. (Dmitry), Moiseev, P. (Pavel), Mondoni, A. (Andrea), Monfries, R. (Ruth), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moriana-Armendariz, M. (Mikel), di Cella, U. M. (Umberto Morra), Moersdorf, M. (Martin), Mosedale, J. R. (Jonathan R.), Muffler, L. (Lena), Munoz-Rojas, M. (Miriam), Myers, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Nagy, L. (Laszlo), Nardino, M. (Marianna), Naujokaitis-Lewis, I. (Ilona), Newling, E. (Emily), Nicklas, L. (Lena), Niedrist, G. (Georg), Niessner, A. (Armin), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Normand, S. (Signe), Nosetto, M. D. (Marcelo D.), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Nunez, M. A. (Martin A.), Ogaya, R. (Roma), Ogee, J. (Jerome), Okello, J. (Joseph), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Opedal, O. H. (Oystein H.), Orsenigo, S. (Simone), Palaj, A. (Andrej), Pampuch, T. (Timo), Panov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Pärtel, M. (Meelis), Pastor, A. (Ada), Pauchard, A. (Aníbal), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Pearse, W. D. (William D.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pellissier, L. (Loïc), Penczykowski, R. M. (Rachel M.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Petit Bon, M. (Matteo), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phartyal, S. S. (Shyam S.), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Pio, C. (Casimiro), Pitacco, A. (Andrea), Pitteloud, C. (Camille), Plichta, R. (Roman), Porro, F. (Francesco), Portillo-Estrada, M. (Miguel), Poulenard, J. (Jérôme), Poyatos, R. (Rafael), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Puchalka, R. (Radoslaw), Pușcaș, M. (Mihai), Radujković, D. (Dajana), Randall, K. (Krystal), Ratier Backes, A. (Amanda), Remmele, S. (Sabine), Remmers, W. (Wolfram), Renault, D. (David), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Robinson, S. A. (Sharon A.), Robroek, B. J. (Bjorn J. M.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian V.), Rossi, C. (Christian), Rossi, G. (Graziano), Roupsard, O. (Olivier), Rubtsov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Saccone, P. (Patrick), Sagot, C. (Clotilde), Sallo Bravo, J. (Jhonatan), Santos, C. C. (Cinthya C.), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Scharnweber, T. (Tobias), Schmeddes, J. (Jonas), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Scholten, T. (Thomas), Schuchardt, M. (Max), Schwartz, N. (Naomi), Scott, T. (Tony), Seeber, J. (Julia), Segalin De Andrade, A. C. (Ana Cristina), Seipel, T. (Tim), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Senior, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Serra-Diaz, J. M. (Josep M.), Sewerniak, P. (Piotr), Shekhar, A. (Ankit), Sidenko, N. V. (Nikita V.), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Siegwart Collier, L. (Laura), Simpson, E. (Elizabeth), Siqueira, D. P. (David P.), Sitková, Z. (Zuzana), Six, J. (Johan), Smiljanic, M. (Marko), Smith, S. W. (Stuart W.), Smith-Tripp, S. (Sarah), Somers, B. (Ben), Sørensen, M. V. (Mia Vedel), Souza, J. J. (José João L. L.), Souza, B. I. (Bartolomeu Israel), Dias, A. S. (Arildo Souza), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James D. M.), Spicher, F. (Fabien), Stanisci, A. (Angela), Steinbauer, K. (Klaus), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Steinwandter, M. (Michael), Stemkovski, M. (Michael), Stephan, J. G. (Jörg G.), Stiegler, C. (Christian), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Svátek, M. (Martin), Svoboda, M. (Miroslav), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Tanentzap, A. J. (Andrew J.), Tanneberger, F. (Franziska), Theurillat, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Thomas, A. D. (Andrew D.), Tielbörger, K. (Katja), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Treier, U. A. (Urs Albert), Trouillier, M. (Mario), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Tutton, R. (Rosamond), Tyystjärvi, V. A. (Vilna A.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Ujházy, K. (Karol), Ujházyová, M. (Mariana), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Urban, A. V. (Anastasiya V.), Urban, J. (Josef), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Ursu, T.-M. (Tudor-Mihai), Vaccari, F. P. (Francesco Primo), Van De Vondel, S. (Stijn), Van Den Brink, L. (Liesbeth), Van Geel, M. (Maarten), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Vangansbeke, P. (Pieter), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Veenendaal, E. (Elmar), Venn, S. E. (Susanna E.), Verbeeck, H. (Hans), Verbrugggen, E. (Erik), Verheijen, F. G. (Frank G. A.), Villar, L. (Luis), Vitale, L. (Luca), Vittoz, P. (Pascal), Vives-Ingla, M. (Maria), Von Oppen, J. (Jonathan), Walz, J. (Josefine), Wang, R. (Runxi), Wang, Y. (Yifeng), Way, R. G. (Robert G.), Wedegärtner, R. E. (Ronja E. M.), Weigel, R. (Robert), Wild, J. (Jan), Wilkinson, M. (Matthew), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wingate, L. (Lisa), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Xenakis, G. (Georgios), Yang, Y. (Yan), Yu, Z. (Zicheng), Yu, K. (Kailiang), Zellweger, F. (Florian), Zhang, J. (Jian), Zhang, Z. (Zhaochen), Zhao, P. (Peng), Ziemblińska, K. (Klaudia), Zimmermann, R. (Reiner), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Nijs, I. (Ivan), Lenoir, J. (Jonathan), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), van den Hoogen, J. (Johan), Aalto, J. (Juha), Ashcroft, M. B. (Michael B.), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Kemppinen, J. (Julia), Kopecky, M. (Martin), Luoto, M. (Miska), Maclean, I. M. (Ilya M. D.), Crowther, T. W. (Thomas W.), Bailey, J. J. (Joseph J.), Haesen, S. (Stef), Klinges, D. H. (David H.), Niittynen, P. (Pekka), Scheffers, B. R. (Brett R.), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Aartsma, P. (Peter), Abdalaze, O. (Otar), Abedi, M. (Mehdi), Aerts, R. (Rien), Ahmadian, N. (Negar), Ahrends, A. (Antje), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, J. M. (Jake M.), Allonsius, C. N. (Camille Nina), Altman, J. (Jan), Ammann, C. (Christof), Andres, C. (Christian), Andrews, C. (Christopher), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Arzac, A. (Alberto), Aschero, V. (Valeria), Assis, R. L. (Rafael L.), Assmann, J. J. (Jakob Johann), Bader, M. Y. (Maaike Y.), Bahalkeh, K. (Khadijeh), Barancok, P. (Peter), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Barros, A. (Agustina), Barthel, M. (Matti), Basham, E. W. (Edmund W.), Bauters, M. (Marijn), Bazzichetto, M. (Manuele), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bell, M. C. (Michael C.), Benavides, J. C. (Juan C.), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berauer, B. J. (Bernd J.), Bjerke, J. W. (Jarle W.), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Bjorkman, M. P. (Mats P.), Bjornsdottir, K. (Katrin), Blonder, B. (Benjamin), Boeckx, P. (Pascal), Boike, J. (Julia), Bokhorst, S. (Stef), Brum, B. N. (Barbara N. S.), Bruna, J. (Josef), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Camargo, J. L. (Jose Luis), Campoe, O. C. (Otavio C.), Candan, O. (Onur), Canessa, R. (Rafaella), Cannone, N. (Nicoletta), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Carnicer, J. (Jofre), Casanova-Katny, A. (Angelica), Cesarz, S. (Simone), Chojnicki, B. (Bogdan), Choler, P. (Philippe), Chown, S. L. (Steven L.), Cifuentes, E. F. (Edgar F.), Ciliak, M. (Marek), Contador, T. (Tamara), Convey, P. (Peter), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curasi, S. R. (Salvatore R.), Curtis, R. (Robin), Cutini, M. (Maurizio), Dahlberg, C. J. (C. Johan), Daskalova, G. N. (Gergana N.), Angel de Pablo, M. (Miguel), Della Chiesa, S. (Stefano), Dengler, J. (Juergen), Deronde, B. (Bart), Descombes, P. (Patrice), Di Cecco, V. (Valter), Di Musciano, M. (Michele), Dick, J. (Jan), Dimarco, R. D. (Romina D.), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dorrepaal, E. (Ellen), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eklundh, L. (Lars), Erickson, T. E. (Todd E.), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewers, R. M. (Robert M.), Exton, D. A. (Dan A.), Fanin, N. (Nicolas), Fazlioglu, F. (Fatih), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Fenu, G. (Giuseppe), Ferlian, O. (Olga), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (M. Rosa), Fernandez-Pascual, E. (Eduardo), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Higgens, R. F. (Rebecca Finger), Forte, T. G. (T'ai G. W.), Freeman, E. C. (Erika C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Fuentes-Lillo, E. (Eduardo), Garcia, R. A. (Rafael A.), Garcia, M. B. (Maria B.), Geron, C. (Charly), Gharun, M. (Mana), Ghosn, D. (Dany), Gigauri, K. (Khatuna), Gobin, A. (Anne), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Gottschall, F. (Felix), Goulding, K. (Keith), Govaert, S. (Sanne), Graae, B. J. (Bente Jessen), Greenwood, S. (Sarah), Greiser, C. (Caroline), Grelle, A. (Achim), Guenard, B. (Benoit), Guglielmin, M. (Mauro), Guillemot, J. (Joannes), Haase, P. (Peter), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Halbritter, A. H. (Aud H.), Hamid, M. (Maroof), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Hampe, A. (Arndt), Haugum, S. V. (Siri, V), Hederova, L. (Lucia), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Helfter, C. (Carole), Hepenstrick, D. (Daniel), Herberich, M. (Maximiliane), Herbst, M. (Mathias), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hik, D. S. (David S.), Hoffren, R. (Raul), Homeier, J. (Juergen), Hörtnagl, L. (Lukas), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Hrbacek, F. (Filip), Hylander, K. (Kristoffer), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. A. (Marcin Antoni), Jactel, H. (Herve), Jarveoja, J. (Jarvi), Jastrzebowski, S. (Szymon), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Jimenez, J. J. (Juan J.), Jonsdottir, I. S. (Ingibjorg S.), Jucker, T. (Tommaso), Jump, A. S. (Alistair S.), Juszczak, R. (Radoslaw), Kanka, R. (Robert), Kaspar, V. (Vit), Kazakis, G. (George), Kelly, J. (Julia), Khuroo, A. A. (Anzar A.), Klemedtsson, L. (Leif), Klisz, M. (Marcin), Kljun, N. (Natascha), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Kobler, J. (Johannes), Kollar, J. (Jozef), Kotowska, M. M. (Martyna M.), Kovacs, B. (Bence), Kreyling, J. (Juergen), Lamprecht, A. (Andrea), Lang, S. I. (Simone, I), Larson, C. (Christian), Larson, K. (Keith), Laska, K. (Kamil), Maire, G. I. (Guerric Ie), Leihy, R. I. (Rachel, I), Lens, L. (Luc), Liljebladh, B. (Bengt), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lorite, J. (Juan), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Lynn, J. (Joshua), Macek, M. (Martin), Mackenzie, R. (Roy), Magliulo, E. (Enzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Malfasi, F. (Francesco), Malis, F. (Frantisek), Man, M. (Matej), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Manco, A. (Antonio), Manise, T. (Tanguy), Manolaki, P. (Paraskevi), Marciniak, F. (Felipe), Matula, R. (Radim), Clara Mazzolari, A. (Ana), Medinets, S. (Sergiy), Medinets, V. (Volodymyr), Meeussen, C. (Camille), Merinero, S. (Sonia), Guimaraes Mesquita, R. d. (Rita de Cassia), Meusburger, K. (Katrin), Meysman, F. J. (Filip J. R.), Michaletz, S. T. (Sean T.), Milbau, A. (Ann), Moiseev, D. (Dmitry), Moiseev, P. (Pavel), Mondoni, A. (Andrea), Monfries, R. (Ruth), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moriana-Armendariz, M. (Mikel), di Cella, U. M. (Umberto Morra), Moersdorf, M. (Martin), Mosedale, J. R. (Jonathan R.), Muffler, L. (Lena), Munoz-Rojas, M. (Miriam), Myers, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Nagy, L. (Laszlo), Nardino, M. (Marianna), Naujokaitis-Lewis, I. (Ilona), Newling, E. (Emily), Nicklas, L. (Lena), Niedrist, G. (Georg), Niessner, A. (Armin), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Normand, S. (Signe), Nosetto, M. D. (Marcelo D.), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Nunez, M. A. (Martin A.), Ogaya, R. (Roma), Ogee, J. (Jerome), Okello, J. (Joseph), Olejnik, J. (Janusz), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Opedal, O. H. (Oystein H.), Orsenigo, S. (Simone), Palaj, A. (Andrej), Pampuch, T. (Timo), Panov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Pärtel, M. (Meelis), Pastor, A. (Ada), Pauchard, A. (Aníbal), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Pearse, W. D. (William D.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pellissier, L. (Loïc), Penczykowski, R. M. (Rachel M.), Penuelas, J. (Josep), Petit Bon, M. (Matteo), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Phartyal, S. S. (Shyam S.), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Pio, C. (Casimiro), Pitacco, A. (Andrea), Pitteloud, C. (Camille), Plichta, R. (Roman), Porro, F. (Francesco), Portillo-Estrada, M. (Miguel), Poulenard, J. (Jérôme), Poyatos, R. (Rafael), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Puchalka, R. (Radoslaw), Pușcaș, M. (Mihai), Radujković, D. (Dajana), Randall, K. (Krystal), Ratier Backes, A. (Amanda), Remmele, S. (Sabine), Remmers, W. (Wolfram), Renault, D. (David), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Robinson, S. A. (Sharon A.), Robroek, B. J. (Bjorn J. M.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian V.), Rossi, C. (Christian), Rossi, G. (Graziano), Roupsard, O. (Olivier), Rubtsov, A. V. (Alexey V.), Saccone, P. (Patrick), Sagot, C. (Clotilde), Sallo Bravo, J. (Jhonatan), Santos, C. C. (Cinthya C.), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Scharnweber, T. (Tobias), Schmeddes, J. (Jonas), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Scholten, T. (Thomas), Schuchardt, M. (Max), Schwartz, N. (Naomi), Scott, T. (Tony), Seeber, J. (Julia), Segalin De Andrade, A. C. (Ana Cristina), Seipel, T. (Tim), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Senior, R. A. (Rebecca A.), Serra-Diaz, J. M. (Josep M.), Sewerniak, P. (Piotr), Shekhar, A. (Ankit), Sidenko, N. V. (Nikita V.), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Siegwart Collier, L. (Laura), Simpson, E. (Elizabeth), Siqueira, D. P. (David P.), Sitková, Z. (Zuzana), Six, J. (Johan), Smiljanic, M. (Marko), Smith, S. W. (Stuart W.), Smith-Tripp, S. (Sarah), Somers, B. (Ben), Sørensen, M. V. (Mia Vedel), Souza, J. J. (José João L. L.), Souza, B. I. (Bartolomeu Israel), Dias, A. S. (Arildo Souza), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James D. M.), Spicher, F. (Fabien), Stanisci, A. (Angela), Steinbauer, K. (Klaus), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Steinwandter, M. (Michael), Stemkovski, M. (Michael), Stephan, J. G. (Jörg G.), Stiegler, C. (Christian), Stoll, S. (Stefan), Svátek, M. (Martin), Svoboda, M. (Miroslav), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Tanentzap, A. J. (Andrew J.), Tanneberger, F. (Franziska), Theurillat, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Thomas, A. D. (Andrew D.), Tielbörger, K. (Katja), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Treier, U. A. (Urs Albert), Trouillier, M. (Mario), Turtureanu, P. D. (Pavel Dan), Tutton, R. (Rosamond), Tyystjärvi, V. A. (Vilna A.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Ujházy, K. (Karol), Ujházyová, M. (Mariana), Uogintas, D. (Domas), Urban, A. V. (Anastasiya V.), Urban, J. (Josef), Urbaniak, M. (Marek), Ursu, T.-M. (Tudor-Mihai), Vaccari, F. P. (Francesco Primo), Van De Vondel, S. (Stijn), Van Den Brink, L. (Liesbeth), Van Geel, M. (Maarten), Vandvik, V. (Vigdis), Vangansbeke, P. (Pieter), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Veenendaal, E. (Elmar), Venn, S. E. (Susanna E.), Verbeeck, H. (Hans), Verbrugggen, E. (Erik), Verheijen, F. G. (Frank G. A.), Villar, L. (Luis), Vitale, L. (Luca), Vittoz, P. (Pascal), Vives-Ingla, M. (Maria), Von Oppen, J. (Jonathan), Walz, J. (Josefine), Wang, R. (Runxi), Wang, Y. (Yifeng), Way, R. G. (Robert G.), Wedegärtner, R. E. (Ronja E. M.), Weigel, R. (Robert), Wild, J. (Jan), Wilkinson, M. (Matthew), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wingate, L. (Lisa), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Xenakis, G. (Georgios), Yang, Y. (Yan), Yu, Z. (Zicheng), Yu, K. (Kailiang), Zellweger, F. (Florian), Zhang, J. (Jian), Zhang, Z. (Zhaochen), Zhao, P. (Peng), Ziemblińska, K. (Klaudia), Zimmermann, R. (Reiner), Zong, S. (Shengwei), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Nijs, I. (Ivan), and Lenoir, J. (Jonathan)

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0‐5 and 5‐15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1‐km² pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10° degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/‐ 2.1° degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/‐2.3° degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (‐0.7 +/‐ 2.3° degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological

Published
2022

27. The ABCflux database:Arctic–boreal CO₂ flux observations and ancillary information aggregated to monthly time steps across terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Rogers, B. M. (Brendan M.), Watts, J. D. (Jennifer D.), Savage, K. (Kathleen), Connon, S. J. (Sara June), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Schuur, E. A. (Edward A. G.), Peter, D. (Darcy), Minions, C. (Christina), Nojeim, J. (Julia), Commane, R. (Roisin), Emmerton, C. A. (Craig A.), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Helbig, M. (Manuel), Holl, D. (David), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Kolari, P. (Pasi), López-Blanco, E. (Efrén), Marushchak, M. E. (Maija E.), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Parmentier, F. W. (Frans-Jan W.), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Voigt, C. (Carolina), Aurela, M. (Mika), Boike, J. (Julia), Celis, G. (Gerardo), Chae, N. (Namyi), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Bret-Harte, M. S. (M. Syndonia), Dengel, S. (Sigrid), Dolman, H. (Han), Edgar, C. W. (Colin W.), Elberling, B. (Bo), Euskirchen, E. (Eugenie), Grelle, A. (Achim), Hatakka, J. (Juha), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Järveoja, J. (Järvi), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kutzbach, L. (Lars), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Matsuura, Y. (Yojiro), Meyer, G. (Gesa), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Park, S.-J. (Sang-Jong), Petrov, R. (Roman), Prokushkin, A. S. (Anatoly S.), Schulze, C. (Christopher), St. Louis, V. L. (Vincent L.), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Quinton, W. (William), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Zona, D. (Donatella), and Zyryanov, V. I. (Viacheslav I.)

Abstract

Past efforts to synthesize and quantify the magnitude and change in carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems across the rapidly warming Arctic–boreal zone (ABZ) have provided valuable information but were limited in their geographical and temporal coverage. Furthermore, these efforts have been based on data aggregated over varying time periods, often with only minimal site ancillary data, thus limiting their potential to be used in large-scale carbon budget assessments. To bridge these gaps, we developed a standardized monthly database of Arctic–boreal CO₂ fluxes (ABCflux) that aggregates in situ measurements of terrestrial net ecosystem CO₂ exchange and its derived partitioned component fluxes: gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. The data span from 1989 to 2020 with over 70 supporting variables that describe key site conditions (e.g., vegetation and disturbance type), micrometeorological and environmental measurements (e.g., air and soil temperatures), and flux measurement techniques. Here, we describe these variables, the spatial and temporal distribution of observations, the main strengths and limitations of the database, and the potential research opportunities it enables. In total, ABCflux includes 244 sites and 6309 monthly observations; 136 sites and 2217 monthly observations represent tundra, and 108 sites and 4092 observations represent the boreal biome. The database includes fluxes estimated with chamber (19 % of the monthly observations), snow diffusion (3 %) and eddy covariance (78 %) techniques. The largest number of observations were collected during the climatological summer (June–August; 32 %), and fewer observations were available for autumn (September–October; 25 %), winter (December–February; 18 %), and spring (March–May; 25 %). ABCflux can be used in a wide array of empirical, remote sensing and modeling studies to improve understanding of the regional and temporal variability in CO₂ fluxes and to better es

Published
2022

28. Der Vogelbauer und das Kino der 1920er Jahre. Kritische Diskurse der klassischen Filmtheorie zu den symbolischen Dingen

Author

Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), Schweinitz, Jörg, Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), and Schweinitz, Jörg

Abstract

Die Filmtheorie der 1920er- und frühen 30er-Jahre in Deutschland lehnt den Rückgriff auf filmisch exponierte Dinge, denen durch wiederholten Gebrauch eine konventionelle Symbolik zugewachsen ist, weithin ab. Während dies anderswo als problemlos oder gar als Chance für filmische Abstraktion und „Begriffsbildung“ gilt, dominiert im deutschen Diskurs mit seiner phänomenologischen (Balázs, Kracauer) und formästhetischen (Arnheim) Tendenz eine tiefe Abneigung gegen „Ideogramme“. Letztere wurzelt teils im sprachkritischen Denken, teils im Gattungsspezifik-Diskurs der klassischen Ästhetik. Am Fall der kreativen Aneignung der hier pars pro toto analysierten Symbolik des Vogelbauers im Kino jener Jahre, auch im deutschen, wird gezeigt, wie die Filmpraxis theoretische Vorbehalte überschreitet und den Boden für spätere Theorieentwicklungen bereitet.

Published
2022

29. Die filmische Gegenwärtigkeit der Dinge. Ein Angebot zur skeptischen Versöhnung des modernen Subjekts mit sich selbst

Author

Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), Tröhler, Margrit; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-7238, Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), and Tröhler, Margrit; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-7238

Abstract

Die mediale Gegenwärtigkeit der Dinge, ein Topos der frühen und klassischen Filmtheorie in Frankreich und Deutschland, verspricht einen neuen sinnlichen Zugang zur Wirklichkeit, der dem Subjekt in der Moderne abhanden gekommen scheint. Durch seine dynamischen Verfahren vermag es der Film, die Welt aus den Angeln zu heben, eine Wahrnehmungsveränderung und ein anderes Denken zu bewirken. Die neue Ordnung, die die Dinge in den Fokus rückt und alles Menschliche dezentriert, wird in der theoretischen Reflexion der Zeit als Befreiung begrüßt. Indem es sich in den Bildern aus Licht und Schatten verliert, gewinnt sich das moderne Subjekt in der filmischen Bewegung aber auch als skeptisches zurück.

Published
2022

30. Volume and Blood Management

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borrelli Jr, Josef, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borrelli Jr, J ( Josef ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Kaserer, Alexander, Rössler, Julian, Spahn, Donat R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-183X, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borrelli Jr, Josef, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borrelli Jr, J ( Josef ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Kaserer, Alexander, Rössler, Julian, and Spahn, Donat R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-183X

Published
2022

31. Strategies for Visceral Complications

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Simmen, Hans-Peter, Pothmann, Carina Eva Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-3151, Allemann, Florin, Neuhaus, Valentin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-5628, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Simmen, Hans-Peter, Pothmann, Carina Eva Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-3151, Allemann, Florin, and Neuhaus, Valentin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-5628

Abstract

What is a surgical complication? The definition of surgical complications is a difficult task. Visceral complications in trauma surgery may occur due to a missed diagnosis, following an operation for an abdominal trauma, or also after non-operative treatment. The term “adverse event” does not mean “malpractice” but an undesirable, unintended result during or following a treatment, usually an operative intervention. Sequelae must be distinguished from complications. One out of seven patients is suffering an adverse event. The first priorities are to recognize and adequately treat the adverse event as well as clear communication with patient and his/her family. The most frequent visceral complications in polytraumatized patients include postoperative bleeding, especially in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants, intestinal obstruction, abdominal compartment syndrome, anastomotic leakage, incisional hernia, especially following emergency laparotomies, and fistula following small bowel injuries. Many visceral complications are inherent to injury patterns as well as to surgical procedures performed. The more severe the injuries, the higher is the risk of any complications. The diagnostic imaging of choice is a contrast medium enhanced CT scan. In unclear situations, a laparoscopy can reveal the problem.

Published
2022

32. ICU Management: General Management in the Elderly in ICU

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Hatz, Basil Andreas, Ziegenhain, Franziska, Jensen, Kai Oliver, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Hatz, Basil Andreas, Ziegenhain, Franziska, and Jensen, Kai Oliver

Abstract

The elderly population continues to grow worldwide. Furthermore, studies suggest that seniors nowadays tend to be more active in everyday life. Therefore, the burden of geriatric (poly-) trauma patients who are in need of intensive care and the consequential costs are expected to rise over the years to come. In contrast to younger (poly-) traumatized patients, the geriatric patient often sustains severe injuries from low energy trauma as a fall from standing height. The outcome in elderly patients may worsen due to preexisting conditions and frailty. These comorbidities lead to an increased need for intensive care after suffering a trauma. The impact of ethical aspects of intensive care treatment itself and the therapeutic options in the elderly are not to be underestimated and complicate the decision-making as well.

Published
2022

33. Rehabilitation Strategies in Polytrauma

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Pfeifer, Roman; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-3995, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), and Pfeifer, Roman; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-3995

Abstract

Polytrauma is known to have a sustained impact on patients, families and society. Persistent functional disabilities and psychological disorders are common and require long-term rehabilitation, supervision and a multidisciplinary approach. This chapter describes the aims of rehabilitation in severely injured patients and factors associated with improved and limited outcomes. Moreover, the phases of rehabilitation are described, including the priorities, aims and strategies in each step. Finally, recent publications describing the outcomes of rehabilitation programmes in polytrauma and possible adjustments are discussed.

Published
2022

34. Polytrauma Scoring

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Halvachizadeh, Sascha; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-3232, Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Halvachizadeh, Sascha; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1393-3232, and Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980

Abstract

The aim to minimize mortality rates in polytrauma led to numerous investigations, calculations, and scoring systems to describe the individual patient risk. Patients react differently to the same injury. This reaction depends on the physiologic state, comorbidities, age, and numerous other factors. Several scoring systems aim to quantify the injury severity, the trauma load, and the physiologic response. In general, these scoring systems focus either on anatomic injury distribution, physiologic parameter, radiologic measures, or on any combination of the above. Some scores developed treatment recommendations, other sever for research purposes only. This chapter offers a detailed summary of definitions and scores in the initial assessment of polytrauma patients. It aims to highlighting strengths and limitations and discusses the complexity of defining polytrauma.

Published
2022

35. ICU Management: Clearing Patients for Surgery

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Lempert, Max, Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), and Lempert, Max

Abstract

The decision-making for patients treated in the ICU is different from the one required in the early stages after trauma, where resuscitation and hemorrhage control represent key factors. Early after injury, the surgical decision mainly serves to separate between surgical requirements and decide if damage control techniques, or a safe definitive surgery can be performed. Also, the main focus within the first 24 h is to respect the four pathogenetic pathways (Shock, Acidosis, Coagulopathy, Soft tissue-induced changes). During the subsequent days, avoiding ICU-related complications is key. This implies to keep ventilation times low and reassessing patients for foci that might cause sepsis, ARDS, and avoid secondary bleeding complications. The parameters to be assessed focus on ongoing positive fluid balances (I/O ratio), failure of blood counts (e.g., platelet counts) to normalize and the inability to wean the patient off the ventilator. While the post trauma days 2–4 were avoided in terms of further major surgeries, the current thinking is that normalized physiology may vary between patients despite similar injury severities. Therefore, the management has become more variable.

Published
2022

36. Fracture Management

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Pfeifer, Roman; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-3995, Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Pfeifer, Roman; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-3995, and Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980

Abstract

Musculoskeletal injuries are common in polytraumatized patients. Over the last decades, the treatment strategies and management of fractures in critically injured have changed. The indication for early definitive treatment includes the assessment on the dynamic response to resuscitation and evaluation of the “Four Vicious Cycles” (hemorrhagic shock, hypothermia, coagulopathy, and soft tissues). Along with the goal of stabilizing major fractures as early as physiologically safe, “Safe Definitive Surgery” (SDS) concept has been introduced, which is a dynamic synthesis of both strategies (Early Total Care (ETC) and Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO)). This concept does not rule out the use of ETC or DCO, but rather put it in perspective of the clinical situation considering the dynamics of the clinical course. Due to repeated reevaluation and assessment of the patients regarding their physiology, dynamic classification, and adaptation of the treatment strategy is possible. The following chapter elucidates the stages of treatment in polytrauma, management strategies in musculoskeletal injuries, and relevant assessment of soft tissues/concomitant injuries.

Published
2022

37. Impact of Trauma on Society

Author

Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Simmen, Hans-Peter, Pothmann, Carina Eva Maria, Neuhaus, Valentin, Pape, Hans-Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-4980, Borelli, Joseph Jr, Moore, Ernest E, Pfeifer, Roman, Stahel, Philip F, Pape, H ( Hans-Christoph ), Borelli, J J ( Joseph Jr ), Moore, E E ( Ernest E ), Pfeifer, R ( Roman ), Stahel, P F ( Philip F ), Simmen, Hans-Peter, Pothmann, Carina Eva Maria, and Neuhaus, Valentin

Abstract

Trauma is a major cause of fatality and disability worldwide and therefore an important public health problem. Furthermore, trauma is the leading cause of death among children and young adults. In many countries across Europe, North America, and Australia, trauma registries were established providing reliable informations on injuries as well as on rescue systems, treatments, and outcome. However, there are many regions in Asia and Africa without highly developed rescue systems and public health care. In these regions a trauma may be regarded as a sad destiny. In the majority of damage events, classified as minor injury, a “restitutio ad integrum” is achieved. In contrast, severe injuries may result in disabilities or even in death. Injuries comprise serious health care costs, posing a tremendous burden on the society. In addition, productivity loss due to injury adds up to the costs. The impact of trauma on the individual including his family as well as on the society depends clearly on the severity of injury. Getting back to daily activities, focusing on personnel well-being, minimizing productivity loss, disability following injury, chronic pain, psychologic implications have to be considered. Losing control over personal well-being as well as social environment may be the worst-case scenario.

Published
2022

38. Things to come. Dinge im Science-Fiction-Film

Author

Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), Spiegel, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-5566, Bulgakowa, Oksana, Mauer, Roman, Bulgakowa, O ( Oksana ), Mauer, R ( Roman ), and Spiegel, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-5566

Abstract

In kaum einem anderen Modus filmischen Erzählens spielen Dinge eine derart wichtige Rolle spielen wie in der Science Fiction (SF). Zentral für die SF ist das Novum, jenes neuartige Ding, das dem jeweiligen SF-Universum seine spezifische, von unserer Alltagsrealität verschiedene Qualität verleiht. Der Artikel veranschaulicht die besondere Dinghaftigkeit der SF anhand dreier markanter Nova – der Zeitmaschine in Back to the Future, dem Monster in The Thing from Another World bzw. The Thing und sowie dem rätselhaften Monolithen in 2001: A Space Odyssey – und argumentiert, dass die technisch-wissenschaftliche Neuerung in allen drei Beispielen auf je unterschiedliche Weise greifbar, eben dinghaft wird.

Published
2022

40. What do patients want to know about surgery for low-risk thyroid cancer? A qualitative study

Author

Hunter J. Underwood, Nicole M. Mott, Megan C. Saucke, Benjamin R. Roman, Corrine I. Voils, and Susan C. Pitt

Subjects
Adult, Iodine Radioisotopes, Young Adult, Physician-Patient Relations, Decision Making, Quality of Life, Humans, Surgery, Female, Thyroid Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Hormones, Aged
Abstract

Shared decision-making about treatment for low-risk thyroid cancer requires patients and surgeons to work together to select treatment that best balances risks and expected outcomes with patient preferences and values. To participate, patients must be activated and ask questions. We aimed to characterize what topics patients prioritize during treatment decision-making.We identified substantive questions by patients with low-risk (cT1-2, N0) thyroid cancer during audio-recorded consultations with 9 surgeons at 2 unique health care systems. Logistics questions were excluded. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify major themes among patients' questions and surgeon responses.Overall, 28 of 30 patients asked 253 substantive questions, with 2 patients not asking any substantive questions (median 8, range 0-25). Patients were 20 to 71 years old, mostly White (86.7%) and female (80.0%). The questions addressed extent of surgery, hormone supplementation, risk of cancer progression, radioactive iodine, and etiology of thyroid cancer. When patients probed for a recommendation regarding extent of surgery, surgeons often responded indirectly. When patients asked how surgery could impact quality of life, surgeons focused on oncologic benefits and surgical risk. Patients commonly asked about hormone supplementation and radioactive iodine.Patient questions focused on the decision regarding extent of surgery, quality of life, and nonsurgical aspects of thyroid cancer care. Surgeon responses do not consistently directly answer patients' questions but focus on the risks, benefits, and conduct of surgery itself. These findings suggest an opportunity to help surgeons with resources to improve shared decision-making by providing information that patients prioritize.

Published
2022

41. High-Sustained Concentrations of Organisms at Very low Oxygen Concentration Indicated by Acoustic Profiles in the Oxygen Deficit Region Off Peru

Author

Carlos Conejero, Javier Sellanes, Carlos Gaymer, Marilaure Grégoire, Daniel J. Conley, Ariadna Mechó, Ivonne Montes, Lisa A. Levin, Anja van der Plas, Anja Engel, Aurélien Paulmier, Renato Salvatteci, Alberto Lorenzo, Dimitri Gutiérrez, Gérard Eldin, Carolina Parada, Naqvi Swa, Jacob Carstensen, Dante Espinoza-Morriberón, Jaques Grelet, Anne Gro Vea Salvanes, Boris Dewitte, Jing Zhang, Denise L. Breitburg, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, J. Sudre, Michael R. Roman, José Martín Hernández-Ayón, Kobi Mosquera-Vásquez, Georgina Flores, Lander Merma, José Ochoa, Véronique Garçon, Zy Zhu, Helmut Maske, Michelle Graco, Luis Bravo, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, Jorge Cardich, Grant C. Pitcher, Eric Machu, Oscar Vergara, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, María Elena Jacinto, Sonia Sánchez, Abdoul Wahab Tall, Raleigh R. Hood, Praxedes Muñoz, Nancy N. Rabalais, Kenneth A. Rose, Kirsten Isensee, Marcel Ramos, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Oceanografia Fisica CICESE [Mexico], Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Ensenada [Mexico] (CICESE), Departamento de Biología Marina [Coquimbo], Universidad Católica del Norte [Antofagasta], Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centro de Investigacion Científica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Backscatter, Eastern Tropical South Pacific, Mesopelagic zone, Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, QH1-199.5, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, 03 medical and health sciences, Water column, Acoustic Doppler current profiler, oxygen minimum zone (OMZ), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, microaerobic zooplankton, Low oxygen, Chemistry, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, biomass below OMZ, 15. Life on land, lowered ADCP, Volume (thermodynamics), Limiting oxygen concentration
Abstract

The oxygen deficient mesopelagic layer (ODL) off Peru has concentrations below 5 μmol O2 kg–1 and is delimited by a shallow upper oxycline with strong vertical gradient and a more gradual lower oxycline (lOx). Some regions show a narrow band of slightly increased oxygen concentrations within the ODL, an intermediate oxygen layer (iO2). CTD, oxygen and lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP, 300 kHz) profiles were taken on the shelf edge and outside down to mostly 2000 m. We evaluate here the acoustic volume backscatter strength of the LADCP signal representing organisms of about 5 mm size. Dominant features of the backscatter profiles were a minimum backscatter strength within the ODL, and just below the lOx a marked backscatter increase reaching a maximum at less than 3.0 μmol O2 kg–1. Below this maximum, the acoustic backscatter strength gradually decreased down to 1000 m below the lOx. The backscatter strength also increased at the iO2 in parallel to the oxygen concentration perturbations marking the iO2. These stable backscatter features were independent of the time of day and the organisms represented by the backscatter had to be adapted to live in this microaerobic environment. During daylight, these stable structures were overlapped by migrating backscatter peaks. Outstanding features of the stable backscatter were that at very low oxygen concentrations, the volume backscatter was linearly related to the oxygen concentration, reaching half peak maximum at less than 2.0 μmol O2 kg–1 below the lOx, and the depth-integrated backscatter of the peak below the lOx was higher than the integral above the Ox. Both features suggest that sufficient organic material produced at the surface reaches to below the ODL to sustain the major fraction of the volume backscatter-producing organisms in the water column. These organisms are adapted to the microaerobic environment so they can position themselves close to the lower oxycline to take advantage of the organic particles sinking out of the ODL.

Published
2021
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42. Epidemiology and incidence of HPV-related cancers of the head and neck

Author

Benjamin R. Roman and Abraham Aragones

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Disease, Article, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Head and neck, Papillomaviridae, Cervical cancer, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Papillomavirus Infections, virus diseases, Cancer, Hpv vaccination, General Medicine, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Surgery, business, Disease transmission
Abstract

Globally, 4.5% of cancers are due to the human papillomavirus (HPV). In the United States, 80 million people are infected with HPV, and the incidence of HPV oropharyngeal cancer has surpassed HPV cervical cancer. The highest burden of oropharyngeal cancer is seen in middle-aged and increasingly older White men. HPV vaccination promises to change the epidemiology of this disease, but HPV vaccination rates remain too low today to reduce disease transmission.

Published
2021

45. Perceived value drives use of routine asymptomatic surveillance PET/CT by physicians who treat head and neck cancer

Author

Judy A. Shea, David A. Asch, David Myssiorek, Benjamin R. Roman, F. Christopher Holsinger, David M. Goldenberg, Shivangi Lohia, Anna M. Pou, Nandita Mitra, and Marilene B. Wang

Subjects
Psychological intervention, Improved survival, 0302 clinical medicine, 7.1 Individual care needs, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, Medicine, physician decision-making, 030212 general & internal medicine, Tomography, Cancer, screening and diagnosis, X-Ray Computed, Detection, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Biomedical Imaging, medicine.symptom, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, CT, medicine.medical_specialty, PET/CT, Clinical Sciences, Asymptomatic, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, value, Clinical Research, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Physicians, Humans, PET-CT, business.industry, Carcinoma, Head and neck cancer, Guideline, medicine.disease, surveillance imaging, Good Health and Well Being, PET, Squamous Cell, Otorhinolaryngology, Dentistry, Positron-Emission Tomography, Emergency medicine, head and neck cancer, Management of diseases and conditions, Surveillance imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Why physicians use surveillance imaging for asymptomatic cancer survivors despite recommendations against this is not known. METHODS: Physicians surveilling head and neck cancer survivors were surveyed to determine relationships among attitudes, beliefs, guideline familiarity, and self-reported surveillance positron-emission-tomography/computed-tomography use. RESULTS: Among 459 responses, 79% reported using PET/CT on some asymptomatic patients; 39% reported using PET/CT on more than half of patients. Among attitudes/beliefs, perceived value of surveillance imaging (O.R. 3.57, C.I. 2.42–5.27, P =

Published
2020
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46. Single Step Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver, Copper and Silver-Copper Nanoparticles

Author

Felix R. Roman-Velazquez, Oscar Perales-Perez, Carla M. Rivera-Quiñones, Nadja M. Maldonado-Luna, Ana L. Vega-Avila, and Myrna Reyes-Blas

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Copper, Silver nanoparticle, Absorbance, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Crystallite, 0210 nano-technology, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Ethylene glycol, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Copper and silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized in two minutes at 175°C in a one-step synthesis using a modified polyol (ethylene glycol) method and a microwave heating process. We successfully synthesized spherical Silver (Ag) and Copper nanoparticles (CuNP) with a crystallite size of less than 10 nm, as well as irregular silver-copper nanoparticles (AgCuNP) with a crystallite size of less than 15 nm, as confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The successful synthesis of AgCuNP with 1:1 molar ratio and constituted by 51.74% of copper and 48.26% of silver was corroborated using the Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping technique. The AgNP and AgCuNP exhibited more stability in suspension, in comparison to CuNP, as observed by continuously monitoring the absorbance with UV-Vis spectroscopy for 12 days. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNP, CuNP, and AgCuNP were determined, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. The obtained MIC and MBC values indicate that AgCu nanoparticles exhibited bactericidal properties greater than its constituents. On the contrary, antifungal activity of AgCuNP against yeast was not observed.

Published
2020
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47. Fish Diet Shifts Associated with the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone

Author

Cassandra N. Glaspie, Michael R. Roman, Stephen B. Brandt, Stuart A. Ludsin, Doran M. Mason, Melissa A. Clouse, Klaus B. Huebert, and James J. Pierson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lutjanus campechanus, Hypoxia (environmental), Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Catch per unit effort, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, food.food, Fishery, food, Benthic zone, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Micropogonias, Trophic level
Abstract

The occurrence of low dissolved oxygen (hypoxia) in coastal waters may alter trophic interactions within the water column. This study identified a threshold at which hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOMEX) alters composition of fish catch and diet composition (stomach contents) of fishes using fish trawl data from summers 2006–2008. Hypoxia in the NGOMEX impacted fish catch per unit effort (CPUE) and diet below dissolved oxygen thresholds of 1.15 mg L−1 (for fish CPUE) and 1.71 mg L−1 (for diet). CPUE of many fish species was lower at hypoxic sites (≤ 1.15 mg L −1) as compared to normoxic regions (> 1.15 mg L −1), including the key recreational or commercial fish species Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus and red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. Overall, fish diets from hypoxic sites (≤ 1.71 mg L−1) and normoxic sites (> 1.71 mg L−1) differed. Fish caught in normoxic regions consumed a greater mass of benthic prey (ex. gastropods, polychaetes) than fish caught in hypoxic regions. Hypoxia may increase predation risk of small zooplankton, with observations of increased mass of small zooplankton in fish stomachs when bottom hypoxia was present. Changes in contributions of small zooplankton and benthic prey to fish diet in hypoxic areas may alter energy flow in the NGOMEX pelagic food web and should be considered in fishery management.

Published
2019
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48. Mechanosensing during directed cell migration requires dynamic actin polymerization at focal adhesions

Author

Adam W. Watson, Leilei Peng, Denise J. Roe, Julieann I. Puleo, Kathylynn Saboda, Robert Ros, Ghassan Mouneimne, Frank B. Gertler, Sara S. Parker, Mackenzie R. Roman, and Kiarash Rahmani Eliato

Subjects
macromolecular substances, Myosins, Biology, Mechanotransduction, Cellular, Microtubules, Article, Focal adhesion, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell-matrix adhesion, Cell Movement, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Humans, Mechanotransduction, Cell adhesion, Cytoskeleton, Research Articles, Actin, 030304 developmental biology, Focal Adhesions, 0303 health sciences, Durotaxis, Microfilament Proteins, Cell migration, Actomyosin, Cell Biology, Actins, Cell biology, Actin Cytoskeleton, HEK293 Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MCF-7 Cells, NIH 3T3 Cells
Abstract

Puleo et al. identify the Ena/VASP protein EVL as a crucial actin polymerization factor at focal adhesions, which regulates focal adhesion maturation and mechanosensing. Interestingly, they show that EVL promotes mechanically directed motility and durotactic invasion yet suppresses chemotactic response., The mechanical properties of a cell’s microenvironment influence many aspects of cellular behavior, including cell migration. Durotaxis, the migration toward increasing matrix stiffness, has been implicated in processes ranging from development to cancer. During durotaxis, mechanical stimulation by matrix rigidity leads to directed migration. Studies suggest that cells sense mechanical stimuli, or mechanosense, through the acto-myosin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions (FAs); however, FA actin cytoskeletal remodeling and its role in mechanosensing are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Ena/VASP family member, Ena/VASP-like (EVL), polymerizes actin at FAs, which promotes cell-matrix adhesion and mechanosensing. Importantly, we show that EVL regulates mechanically directed motility, and that suppression of EVL expression impedes 3D durotactic invasion. We propose a model in which EVL-mediated actin polymerization at FAs promotes mechanosensing and durotaxis by maturing, and thus reinforcing, FAs. These findings establish dynamic FA actin polymerization as a central aspect of mechanosensing and identify EVL as a crucial regulator of this process.

Published
2019
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49. Elective neck dissection (END) and cN0 hard palate and upper gingival cancers: A National Cancer Database analysis of factors predictive of END and impact on survival

Author

Adetokunbo Obayemi, Jennifer R. Cracchiolo, Rahmatullah Rahmati, Marc Cohen, Qasim Husain, Benjamin R. Roman, and Jocelyn C. Migliacci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Hazard ratio, Cancer, Subgroup analysis, Neck dissection, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Article, Upper Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Internal medicine, medicine, T-stage, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Hard palate, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the utility of neck dissection in the clinically negative (cN0) neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), cN0 patients diagnosed with SCC of the head and neck with the subsites of the hard palate and upper gingiva were identified from 2004–2014. RESULTS: A total of 1,830 patients were identified, and END was performed on 422 patients with cN0 tumors. Pathologically positive nodes occurred in 14% (59/422) of patients in this cohort. Higher tumor stage, academic hospital type, and large hospital volume (>28 cancer-specific cases/year) were associated with a higher likelihood of END both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Patients >80 years of age were less likely to receive END on multivariate analysis (OR 0.52, 0.32–0.84). No variables, including advanced T stage, predicted occult metastases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that patients who underwent END demonstrated improved OS over an 11-year period (hazard ratio 0.75, P = 0.002). On subgroup analysis this improvement was significant in patients with both stage T1 and T4 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor stage, hospital type, and hospital volume were associated with higher rates of END for patients with cN0 hard palate SCC and after controlling for clinical factors, END was associated with improved overall survival.

Published
2019
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50. AURKB as a target in non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy

Author

Mike Burbridge, Ana Giménez-Capitán, Jordi Bertran-Alamillo, Santiago Viteri, Sonia Rodríguez, Josep Castellví, Valérie Cattan, Marie Schoumacher, Carles Codony-Servat, Andrés-Felipe Cardona, M.A. Molina-Vila, Jordi Codony-Servat, Frédérique Cantero, Niki Karachaliou, Silvia Garcia-Roman, R. Roman, Cristina Teixidó, and Rafael Rosell

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Lung Neoplasms, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Drug resistance, Histones, Mice, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Aurora Kinase B, Phosphorylation, RNA, Small Interfering, lcsh:Science, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Organophosphates, ErbB Receptors, Cancer therapeutic resistance, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Disease Progression, Female, 0210 nano-technology, Adult, Senescence, Programmed cell death, Science, Aurora B kinase, Antineoplastic Agents, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Polyploidy, 03 medical and health sciences, Targeted therapies, Cell Line, Tumor, Carcinoma, medicine, Animals, Humans, Lung cancer, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Survival analysis, Aged, Cell Proliferation, business.industry, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Survival Analysis, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, respiratory tract diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell culture, Quinazolines, Cancer research, lcsh:Q, business, Non-small-cell lung cancer
Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors harboring mutations in EGFR ultimately relapse to therapy with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). Here, we show that resistant cells without the p.T790M or other acquired mutations are sensitive to the Aurora B (AURKB) inhibitors barasertib and S49076. Phospho-histone H3 (pH3), a major product of AURKB, is increased in most resistant cells and treatment with AURKB inhibitors reduces the levels of pH3, triggering G1/S arrest and polyploidy. Senescence is subsequently induced in cells with acquired mutations while, in their absence, polyploidy is followed by cell death. Finally, in NSCLC patients, pH3 levels are increased after progression on EGFR TKIs and high pH3 baseline correlates with shorter survival. Our results reveal that AURKB activation is associated with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, and that AURKB constitutes a potential target in NSCLC progressing to anti-EGFR therapy and not carrying resistance mutations., Non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations are known to develop resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, the authors show AURKB activation to be associated with resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells, and that AURKB is a therapeutic target in resistant tumours that lack the p.T790M or other acquired mutations.

Published
2019

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