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1. SPIRou: NIR velocimetry and spectropolarimetry at the CFHT

Author

L. Parès, M. J. Hobson, F. Dolon, Marielle Lacombe, C. Moutou, Gregory Barrick, S Macdonald, Tom Ray, Pascal Fouqué, B Dubois, S. H. P. Alencar, Xavier Bonfils, John Pazder, Francois Wildi, Étienne Artigau, J Dunn, E Carrié, M Larrieu, D. Kouach, P. Figueira, Bruno Castilho, Tom Benedict, Y Micheau, Stéphane Udry, Simon Thibault, René Doyon, V. Reshetov, Bruno Chazelas, Eder Martioli, Chi-Hung Yan, Nuno C. Santos, Isabelle Boisse, Oscar F. Hernández, Neil Cook, P. Rabou, François Moreau, C Feugeade, R. Sottile, Tom Vermeulen, Leslie Saddlemyer, François Bouchy, Jerome Bouvier, S. Perruchot, G Gallou, Shiang-Yu Wang, F. Henault, Philippe Vallée, Julien Morin, Sébastien Baratchart, A. Carmona, X. Delfosse, M Dupieux, Nicolas Striebig, Marc Baril, Luc Arnold, Z Challita, Francesco Pepe, I Wevers, J.-F. Donati, Lison Malo, Guillaume Hébrard, C Usher, H Valentin, D Kerley, Tilo Steinmetz, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement de physique and Observatoire du Mont Megantic, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Département de Physique [Montréal], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE31-0019,SPlaSH,Recherche de planètes habitables avec SPIRou(2018), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Planet, law, techniques: radial velocities, stars: magnetic fields, 0103 physical sciences, planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, instrumentation: spectrographs, Physics, stars: formation, instrumentation: polarimeters, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Velocimetry, Planetary system, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Exoplanet, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents an overview of SPIRou, the new-generation near-infrared spectropolarimeter / precision velocimeter recently installed on the 3.6-m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Starting from the two main science goals, namely the quest for planetary systems around nearby M dwarfs and the study of magnetized star / planet formation, we outline the instrument concept that was designed to efficiently address these forefront topics, and detail the in-lab and on-sky instrument performances measured throughout the intensive testing phase that SPIRou was submitted to before passing the final acceptance review in early 2019 and initiating science observations. With a central position among the newly started programmes, the SPIRou Legacy Survey (SLS) Large Programme was allocated 300 CFHT nights until at least mid 2022. We also briefly describe a few of the first results obtained in the various science topics that SPIRou started investigating, focusing in particular on planetary systems of nearby M dwarfs, transiting exoplanets and their atmospheres, magnetic fields of young stars, but also on alternate science goals like the atmospheres of M dwarfs and the Earth's atmosphere. We finally conclude on the essential role that SPIRou and the CFHT can play in coordination with forthcoming major facilities like the JWST, the ELTs, PLATO and ARIEL over the decade., Comment: MNRAS, in press (20 pages, 18 figures, 1 table)

Published
2020
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2. Pediatric Systemic Multi-Inflammatory Diseases in Italy During Sars-Cov-2 Epidemic: From Kawasaki Disease To Kawacovid

Author

M Cattalini, S Della Paolera, F Zunica, C Bracaglia, M Giangreco, L Verdoni, A Meini, R Sottile, R Caorsi, G Zuccotti, M Fabi, D Montin, A. Meneghel, A Consolaro, R M Delle Piane, MC Maggio, F La Torre, A Marchesi, G Simonini, A Villani, R Cimaz, A Ravelli, A Taddio, M Cattalini, S Della Paolera, F Zunica, C Bracaglia, M Giangreco, L Verdoni, A Meini, R Sottile, R Caorsi, G Zuccotti, M Fabi, D Montin, A. Meneghel, A Consolaro, R M Delle Piane, MC Maggio, F La Torre, A Marchesi, G Simonini, A Villani, R Cimaz, A Ravelli, and A Taddio

Subjects
Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale E Specialistica, Systemic Multi-Inflammatory Disease, Kawacovid, Kawasaki Disease, Sars-Cov-2 Epidemic
Abstract

Introduction: Italy was affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic after its outbreak in China. With a 4-weeks delay after the peak in adults, we observed an abnormal number of patients with characteristics of a multi-inflammatory disease and similarities with Kawasaki Disease (KD). Others reported similar cases, defined PIMS-TS or MIS-C.1,2 Objectives: To better characterize clinical features and treatment response of PIMS-TS and to explore its relationship with KD. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicenter study. On April 24th-2020 the Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society launched a national online survey, to enroll patients diagnosed with KD or with a multisystem inflammatory disease between February 1st 2020 and May 31st. The population was then divided into two different groups: 1) Classical and incomplete KD, named Kawasaki Disease Group (KDG); 2) KD-like multi-inflammatory syndrome, named KawaCOVID (KCG). An expert panel of pediatric rheumatologists re-analyzed every single patient to ensure appropriate classification. Data were collected with an online database. Results: 149 cases were studied, 96 with KDG and 53 with KCG. The two population significantly differed for clinical characteristics (see table 1). Lymphopenia, higher CRP levels, elevated Ferritin and Troponin-T characterized KCG such as lower WBC and platelets (all p values

Published
2020

3. The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets. XIV. A temperate ($T_\mathrm{eq}\sim 300$ K) super-earth around the nearby star Gliese 411

Author

Nuno C. Santos, Damien Ségransan, Luc Arnold, Isabelle Boisse, Magali Deleuil, O. Mousis, Francesco Pepe, Rodrigo F. Díaz, S. Perruchot, Stéphane Udry, Gregory W. Henry, B. Brugger, M. J. Hobson, F. Dolon, L. Mignon, Xavier Bonfils, Nathan Hara, T. Forveille, François Bouchy, Xavier Dumusque, Y. Richaud, Flavien Kiefer, C. Moutou, S. Dalal, Guillaume Hébrard, Paul Wilson, Alexandre Santerne, N. Unger, T. Lopez, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Vincent Bourrier, M. Stalport, X. Delfosse, R. Sottile, François Moreau, and Olivier Demangeon

Subjects
Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Super-Earth, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Planetary system, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Atmosphere, Radial velocity, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Periodic radial velocity variations in the nearby M-dwarf star Gl411 are reported, based on measurements with the SOPHIE spectrograph. Current data do not allow us to distinguish between a 12.95-day period and its one-day alias at 1.08 days, but favour the former slightly. The velocity variation has an amplitude of 1.6 m/s, making this the lowest-amplitude signal detected with SOPHIE up to now. We have performed a detailed analysis of the significance of the signal and its origin, including extensive simulations with both uncorrelated and correlated noise, representing the signal induced by stellar activity. The signal is significantly detected, and the results from all tests point to its planetary origin. Additionally, the presence of an additional acceleration in the velocity time series is suggested by the current data. On the other hand, a previously reported signal with a period of 9.9 days, detected in HIRES velocities of this star, is not recovered in the SOPHIE data. An independent analysis of the HIRES dataset also fails to unveil the 9.9-day signal. If the 12.95-day period is the real one, the amplitude of the signal detected with SOPHIE implies the presence of a planet, called Gl411 b, with a minimum mass of around three Earth masses, orbiting its star at a distance of 0.079 AU. The planet receives about 3.5 times the insolation received by Earth, which implies an equilibrium temperature between 255 K and 350 K, and makes it too hot to be in the habitable zone. At a distance of only 2.5 pc, Gl411 b, is the third closest low-mass planet detected to date. Its proximity to Earth will permit probing its atmosphere with a combination of high-contrast imaging and high-dispersion spectroscopy in the next decade., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 17 pages, 15 figures (plus Appendices). Added new co-author; minor changes in text

Published
2019
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4. Test results and operating configuration of the calibration unit for the near-infrared spectropolarimeter SPIRou

Author

François Bouchy, F. Dolon, François Moreau, S. Perruchot, Isabelle Boisse, Melissa J. Hobson, R. Sottile, and Francois Wildi

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Stellar magnetic field, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Radial velocity, Planet, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SPIRou is a new near-infrared echelle spectropolarimeter and high precision radial velocity instrument, implemented at the 3.6m Canada-France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT, Mauna Kea) in early 2018. It aims at detecting and characterizing Earth-like planets around M dwarfs and studying stellar and planetary formation in the presence of stellar magnetic field. The calibration unit, with its radial-velocity reference module, is essential to the short- and long-term precision at the level of 1 m/s. We describe the final calibration unit that has been installed. We give technical results such as thermal background level, lamps flux level, lamps stability, and report some technical issues with their solution.

Published
2018
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5. The present status of the VIRGO Central Interferometer*

Author

E. Turri, Giancarlo Cella, D. Passuello, S. Mataguez, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, F. Garufi, F. Fidecaro, R. De Rosa, Fausto Acernese, A. Errico, G. M. Guidi, C. Bradaschia, M. De Rosa, H. Trinquet, Thierry Pradier, Sergio Cavaliere, Ettore Majorana, J. C. Lacotte, O. Veziant, Ruggero Stanga, B. Lagrange, H. Fang, G. Giordano, Fabrizio Barone, A. Eleuteri, C. Girard, G. Gennaro, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, Rosa Poggiani, P. Marin, C. Eder, T. Regimbau, R. Chiche, L. Milano, Alban Remillieux, J. P. Scheidecker, D. Verkindt, E. Cuoco, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, François Bondu, R. Hermel, S. Braccini, P. Rivoirard, S. Cuzon, J. Ramonet, F. Frasconi, M. Taurigna, G. Losurdo, Ketevan Qipiani, Salvatore Solimeno, C. Palomba, L. Di Fiore, A. Giazotto, R. Flaminio, I. Ferrante, M. Iannarelli, R. Passaquieti, D. Babusci, A. Pasqualetti, L. Giacobone, J. M. Teuler, L. Nicolosi, V Dattilo, H. Vocca, F. Martelli, R. Taddei, R. Cavalieri, B. Mansoux, C. Michel, A. Brillet, M. Loupias, F. Cavalier, M. Varvella, R. Sottile, J. M. Innocent, A. Masserot, F. Ricci, Luisa Bracci, O. Lodygenski, F. Richard, J.-P. Coulon, V. Brisson, L. Fabbroni, F. Cleva, R. Bilhaut, M. Barsuglia, J.-D. Fournier, Zhenyu Zhang, L. Holloway, C. Bourgoin, V. Loriette, J. C. Marrucho, F. Vetrano, Samuele Cortese, C. Casciano, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, L. Massonnet, Ph. Heusse, F. Paoletti, P. N. Y. David, J. L. Montorio, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, A. Di Virgilio, M. Perciballi, M. A. Bizouard, A. Reboux, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, D. Dufournaud, Enrico Calloni, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, D. Boget, P. Rapagnani, J. P. Roger, A. Bozzi, P. La Penna, Claude Boccara, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, José Pacheco, A. Viceré, Roberto Cecchi, M. Mazzoni, E. Jules, G. Ballardin, M. Dehamme, P. Dominici, D. Buskulic, Luca Gammaitoni, J. Cachenaut, S. Frasca, M. Davier, V. Reita, P. Ganau, P. Amico, P. Popolizio, Thomas Cokelaer, M. Yvert, B. Mours, M. Punturo, M. Mencik, L. Pinard, F. Bellachia, M. Gaspard, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, C. Arnault, N. Morgado, J. L. Beney, M. Leliboux, H. Heitmann, T. Lomtadze, F. Marion, B. Caron, D. Enard, F., Acernese, P., Amico, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, F., Barone, M., Barsuglia, F., Bellachia, J. L., Beney, R., Bilhaut, M. A., Bizouard, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, C., Bourgoin, A., Bozzi, L., Bracci, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, D., Buskulic, J., Cachenaut, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, P., Canitrot, B., Caron, C., Casciano, C., Cattuto, F., Cavalier, S., Cavaliere, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, R., Chiche, F., Chollet, F., Cleva, T., Cokelaer, S., Cortese, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, S., Cuzon, V., Dattilo, P. Y., David, M., Davier, M., DE ROSA, DE ROSA, Rosario, M., Dehamme, L., DI FIORE, A., DI VIRGILIO, P., Dominici, D., Dufournaud, C., Eder, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, A., Errico, G., Evangelista, L., Fabbroni, H., Fang, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, R., Flaminio, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, Garufi, Fabio, M., Gaspard, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, C., Girard, G., Guidi, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, M., Iannarelli, J. M., Innocent, E., Jule, P., LA PENNA, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lagrange, M., Leliboux, B., Lieunard, O., Lodygensky, T., Lomtadze, V., Loriette, G., Losurdo, M., Loupia, J. M., Mackowski, E., Majorana, C. N., Man, B., Mansoux, F., Marchesoni, P., Marin, F., Marion, J. C., Marrucho, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, S., Mataguez, M., Mazzoni, M., Mencik, C., Michel, Milano, Leopoldo, J. L., Montorio, N., Morgado, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, L., Nicolosi, J., Pacheco, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, A., Paoli, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, M., Perciballi, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, P., Popolizio, T., Pradier, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, J., Ramonet, P., Rapagnani, A., Reboux, T., Regimbau, V., Reita, A., Remillieux, F., Ricci, F., Richard, M., Ripepe, P., Rivoirard, J. P., Roger, J. P., Scheidecker, Solimeno, Salvatore, R., Sottile, R., Stanga, R., Taddei, M., Taurigna, J. M., Teuler, P., Tourrenc, H., Trinquet, E., Turri, M., Varvella, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, O., Veziant, A., Vicere, J. Y., Vinet, H., Vocca, M., Yvert, and Z., Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Interferometry, Detection of gravitational waves, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Debugging, Onde gravitazionali, interferometri, astrofisica, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astronomy, Antenna (radio), gravitational wave, media_common
Abstract

The VIRGO Central Interferometer (CITF) is a short suspended interferometer operated with the central area elements of the VIRGO detector. The main motivation behind the CITF is to allow the integration and debugging of a large part of the subsystems of VIRGO while the construction of the long arms of the antenna is being completed. This will permit a faster commissioning of the full-size antenna. In fact, almost all the main components of the CITF, with the exception of the large mirrors and a few other details, are the same as those to be used for the full-size detector. In this paper the present status of the VIRGO CITF is reported.

Published
2002
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6. A calibration unit for the near-infrared spectropolarimeter SPIRou

Author

François Bouchy, F. Dolon, Isabelle Boisse, S. Perruchot, R. Sottile, Francois Wildi, and François Moreau

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, Optics, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, business.industry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Detector, Stellar magnetic field, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radial velocity, Wavelength, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, CMOS, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

SPIRou is a near-infrared spectropolarimeter and high precision radial velocity instrument, to be implemented at CFHT in end 2017. It focuses on the search for Earth-like planets around M dwarfs and on the study of stellar and planetary formation in the presence of stellar magnetic field. The calibration unit and the radial-velocity reference module are essential to the short- and long-term precision (1 m/s). We highlight the specificities in the calibration techniques compared to the spectrographs HARPS (at LaSilla, ESO) or SOPHIE (at OHP, France) due to the near-infrared wavelengths, the CMOS detectors, and the instrument design. We also describe the calibration unit architecture, design and production., Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, in Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, 2016, Proc. SPIE 9908, 234

Published
2016
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7. Virgo: a laser interferometer to detect gravitational waves

Author

Tjeerd Ketel, Antonio Eleuteri, M. Parisi, R. Passaquieti, L. Di Fiore, B. Mours, A. Królak, M. Blom, F. Beauville, K. G. Arun, G. A. Prodi, R. DeSalvo, M. Barsuglia, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Gianluca Persichetti, V. Granata, Julien Moreau, B. Mansoux, D. Verkindt, G. Losurdo, Anna Dari, M. Doets, B. Canuel, F. Piergiovanni, G. Ballardin, T Maiani, L. Giacobone, Y. Minenkov, M. Pietka, Patrice Hello, E. Turri, X Grave, R. Morand, L. Bonelli, M. Davier, G. Pagliaroli, I. Maksimovic, J. Marque, R. L. Ward, R. Hermel, G. Hemming, A. Masserot, Marco G. Tarallo, F. Vetrano, M. A. Mazzoni, L. Journet, O Lodygensky, J. P. Zendri, F. Nocera, G. Vedovato, V. Loriette, G. Barrand, P. N. Y. David, István Rácz, D. Boget, Ludovico Carbone, P. Popolizio, C Drezen, D. Passuello, C. Palomba, V Reita, Piotr Jaranowski, J.-M. Mackowski, Antoine Heidmann, Lisa Barsotti, Riccardo Sturani, Shourov Chatterji, Sofiane Aoudia, C. Arnault, Fausto Acernese, Andreas Freise, A. Di Virgilio, A. Giazotto, F. Mul, Alessandra Toncelli, G. Parguez, L. Brocco, Claude Boccara, J-Y. Vinet, I. Ferrante, S. Hamdani, R. Sottile, F. Cleva, M. Mantovani, Samuele Cortese, C Garnier, M. Lorenzini, V. Dattilo, S. D'Antonio, T. Bouedo, F. Travasso, R. Gouaty, Michał Bejger, Alessandra Corsi, L. Giordano, Mauro Tonelli, L. A. Forte, A. Dietz, M. Alshourbagy, M. Granata, L. Derome, L. Fabbroni, E. Genin, G. Cella, R. Bilhaut, L. Taffarello, A. Grado, J. L. Beney, B Dujardin, V. Fafone, R. Del Fabbro, M. Punturo, Andrea Chincarini, G. Gemme, M. Drago, P. Amico, P. Ganau, M. Galimberti, P. La Penna, F. Raffaelli, Eric Hennes, A. Pasqualetti, M. G. Beker, S. Petit, M. Pichot, Enrico Calloni, N. Liguori, L. Salconi, O. Veziant, V. Re, Guido Russo, Mirko Prato, C. Bradaschia, M. Dehamme, G. De Carolis, P. Dominici, L Matone, L. Holloway, F. Antonucci, Saverio Avino, O. Francois, A. Chiummo, Luca Gammaitoni, A. Paoli, F. Moreau, N. Leroy, B. L. Swinkels, F. Marion, F. Ricci, B. Dulach, D. Sentenac, G. Debreczeni, B. Lagrange, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, R. Paoletti, M. Loupias, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Kreckelbergh, M. E. Gáspár, B. Lieunard, V. Moscatelli, K. Yamamoto, A. Brillet, M. Del Prete, Igor Neri, N. Letendre, L. Bosi, B. Bouhou, L. Pinard, C. Girard, T. Accadia, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, M Laval, H Voet, F. Richard, P. Astone, M. Perciballi, Tania Regimbau, S. Frasca, M. Branchesi, R. Cavalieri, H. J. Bulten, L. Massonnet, L. Palladino, R. De Rosa, V. Malvezzi, A. Colla, A. Morgia, F. Frasconi, A. Basti, J. F. J. van den Brand, R. Flaminio, S. Birindelli, Tenglin Li, Archana Pai, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, S. Mancini, M. Iannarelli, S. Braccini, M. Tacca, D. Babusci, J.-P. Coulon, D. Jehanno, B. Sassolas, J. C. Lacotte, A Dominjon, L. Sperandio, A. C. Clapson, G. Conforto, F. Garufi, A. Viceré, H Groenstege, Andrea Gaddi, J.-D. Fournier, L. Rolland, Fabrizio Barone, C. Buy, I. Kowalska, Marie-Anne Bizouard, M. Bebronne, J. Franc, C. Michel, N. Morgado, J. C. Le Marec, V Sannibale, J. Colas, Ettore Majorana, G. Gennaro, P. Marin, M. Yvert, A. Rocchi, C. Eder, E. Campagna, P. Roudier, Fabio Marchesoni, R. Taddei, N. Arnaud, G. Daguin, J. L. Montorio, I. Fiori, R Pignard, R. Day, V. Boschi, Luisa Bracci, Roberto Cecchi, Tristan Briant, P. Rapagnani, M. Mohan, N. Man, S. Hebri, Nelson Christensen, A Remilleux, E. Tournefier, F. Cavalier, Matthew Evans, Stefano Bigotta, Ketevan Qipiani, C. Magazzù, Silvio Pardi, O. Torre, O. Rabaste, Leopoldo Milano, C. Tremola, M. Bitossi, A. Di Lieto, A. Reboux, E. Cuoco, S. Rapisarda, T. Pradier, D. Rosińska, M. Vasúth, Salvatore Solimeno, D. Enard, Elena Cesarini, B. Lopez, J. F. Hayau, E. Coccia, F. Robinet, G. Calamai, C. N. Colacino, Joseph M. Kovalik, V. Brisson, G. Matone, C. Van Den Broeck, B. Perniola, M. Was, Ruggero Stanga, S Tissot, Maria Grazia Bernardini, Ph Heusse, D. Buskulic, Zhenyu Zhang, C. Greverie, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, H. Vocca, S. Karkar, A. Gennai, P. Mugnier, Simona Mosca, M. Vavoulidis, S. Vilalte, S. Van Der Putten, Tomasz Bulik, L. Fournier, Th. S. Bauer, François Bondu, G. Giordano, M. Colombini, Francesco Cottone, F. Bellachia, G. Vajente, D. Forest, A. Belletoile, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, D. S. Rabeling, Rocco Romano, M. Dialinas, F. Menzinger, Iolanda Ricciardi, F. Carbognani, M. Di Paolo Emilio, A. Bozzi, D. Huet, H Fang, R. Bonnand, E Pacaud, F. Martelli, S Mitra, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, T., Accadia, F., Acernese, M., Alshourbagy, P., Amico, F., Antonucci, S., Aoudia, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, K. G., Arun, P., Astone, S., Avino, D., Babusci, G., Ballardin, F., Barone, G., Barrand, L., Barsotti, M., Barsuglia, A., Basti, Th S., Bauer, F., Beauville, M., Bebronne, M., Bejger, M. G., Beker, F., Bellachia, A., Belletoile, J. L., Beney, M., Bernardini, S., Bigotta, R., Bilhaut, S., Birindelli, M., Bitossi, M. A., Bizouard, M., Blom, C., Boccara, D., Boget, F., Bondu, L., Bonelli, R., Bonnand, V., Boschi, L., Bosi, T., Bouedo, B., Bouhou, A., Bozzi, L., Bracci, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, M., Branchesi, T., Briant, A., Brillet, V., Brisson, L., Brocco, T., Bulik, H. J., Bulten, D., Buskulic, C., Buy, G., Cagnoli, G., Calamai, Calloni, Enrico, E., Campagna, B., Canuel, F., Carbognani, L., Carbone, F., Cavalier, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, E., Cesarini, E., Chassande Mottin, S., Chatterji, R., Chiche, A., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, N., Christensen, A. C., Clapson, F., Cleva, E., Coccia, P. F., Cohadon, C. N., Colacino, J., Cola, A., Colla, M., Colombini, G., Conforto, A., Corsi, S., Cortese, F., Cottone, J. P., Coulon, E., Cuoco, S., D'Antonio, G., Daguin, A., Dari, V., Dattilo, P. Y., David, M., Davier, R., Day, G., Debreczeni, G., De Caroli, M., Dehamme, R., Del Fabbro, W., Del Pozzo, M., del Prete, L., Derome, DE ROSA, Rosario, R., Desalvo, M., Dialina, L., Di Fiore, A., Di Lieto, M., Di Paolo Emilio, A., Di Virgilio, A., Dietz, M., Doet, P., Dominici, A., Dominjon, M., Drago, C., Drezen, B., Dujardin, B., Dulach, C., Eder, A., Eleuteri, D., Enard, M., Evan, L., Fabbroni, V., Fafone, H., Fang, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, I., Fiori, R., Flaminio, D., Forest, Forte, LUCA ANTONIO, J. D., Fournier, L., Fournier, J., Franc, O., Francoi, S., Frasca, F., Frasconi, A., Freise, A., Gaddi, M., Galimberti, L., Gammaitoni, P., Ganau, C., Garnier, Garufi, Fabio, M. E., Gáspár, G., Gemme, E., Genin, A., Gennai, G., Gennaro, L., Giacobone, A., Giazotto, G., Giordano, L., Giordano, C., Girard, R., Gouaty, A., Grado, M., Granata, V., Granata, X., Grave, C., Greverie, H., Groenstege, G. M., Guidi, S., Hamdani, J. F., Hayau, S., Hebri, A., Heidmann, H., Heitmann, P., Hello, G., Hemming, E., Henne, R., Hermel, P., Heusse, L., Holloway, D., Huet, M., Iannarelli, P., Jaranowski, D., Jehanno, L., Journet, S., Karkar, T., Ketel, H., Voet, J., Kovalik, I., Kowalska, S., Kreckelbergh, A., Krolak, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lagrange, P., La Penna, M., Laval, J. C., Le Marec, N., Leroy, N., Letendre, T. G. F., Li, B., Lieunard, N., Liguori, O., Lodygensky, B., Lopez, M., Lorenzini, V., Loriette, G., Losurdo, M., Loupia, J. M., Mackowski, T., Maiani, E., Majorana, C., Magazzù, I., Maksimovic, V., Malvezzi, N., Man, S., Mancini, B., Mansoux, M., Mantovani, F., Marchesoni, F., Marion, P., Marin, J., Marque, F., Martelli, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, G., Matone, L., Matone, M., Mazzoni, F., Menzinger, C., Michel, Milano, Leopoldo, Y., Minenkov, S., Mitra, M., Mohan, J. L., Montorio, R., Morand, F., Moreau, J., Moreau, N., Morgado, A., Morgia, S., Mosca, V., Moscatelli, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, F. A., Mul, L., Naticchioni, I., Neri, F., Nocera, E., Pacaud, G., Pagliaroli, A., Pai, L., Palladino, C., Palomba, F., Paoletti, R., Paoletti, A., Paoli, S., Pardi, G., Parguez, M., Parisi, A., Pasqualetti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, M., Perciballi, B., Perniola, G., Persichetti, S., Petit, M., Pichot, F., Piergiovanni, M., Pietka, R., Pignard, L., Pinard, R., Poggiani, P., Popolizio, T., Pradier, M., Prato, G. A., Prodi, M., Punturo, P., Puppo, K., Qipiani, O., Rabaste, D. S., Rabeling, I., Rácz, F., Raffaelli, P., Rapagnani, S., Rapisarda, V., Re, A., Reboux, T., Regimbau, V., Reita, A., Remilleux, F., Ricci, I., Ricciardi, F., Richard, M., Ripepe, F., Robinet, A., Rocchi, L., Rolland, R., Romano, D., Rosińska, P., Roudier, P., Ruggi, Russo, Guido, L., Salconi, V., Sannibale, B., Sassola, D., Sentenac, S., Solimeno, R., Sottile, L., Sperandio, R., Stanga, R., Sturani, B., Swinkel, M., Tacca, R., Taddei, L., Taffarello, M., Tarallo, S., Tissot, A., Toncelli, M., Tonelli, O., Torre, E., Tournefier, F., Travasso, C., Tremola, E., Turri, G., Vajente, J. F. J., van den Brand, C., Van Den Broeck, S., van der Putten, M., Vasuth, M., Vavoulidi, G., Vedovato, D., Verkindt, F., Vetrano, O., Véziant, A., Viceré, J. Y., Vinet, S., Vilalte, S., Vitale, H., Vocca, R. L., Ward, M., Wa, K., Yamamoto, M., Yvert, J. P., Zendri, Z., Zhang, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Astro)-Particles Physics, Mathematical Analysis, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
Gravitational-wave observatory, PROTOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, SCATTERED-LIGHT NOISE, law.invention, Detection of gravitational wave, interferometers, law, Instrumentation, gravitational wave, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, SEISMIC NOISE, Detector, SUPER ATTENUATOR, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Interferometry, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 1ST, SUSPENSION, Gravitational waves, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Optics, Suspensions, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Detection theory, Gravitational Waves, Interferometric Detector, Electronics, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Lasers, Michelson interferometer, PERFORMANCE, Antennas, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Sensitivity (electronics), SHOT-NOISE, SYSTEM, PENDULUM
Abstract

This paper presents a complete description of Virgo, the French-Italian gravitational wave detector. The detector, built at Cascina, near Pisa (Italy), is a very large Michelson interferometer, with 3 km-long arms. In this paper, following a presentation of the physics requirements, leading to the specifications for the construction of the detector, a detailed description of all its different elements is given. These include civil engineering infrastructures, a huge ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber (about 6000 cubic metres), all of the optical components, including high quality mirrors and their seismic isolating suspensions, all of the electronics required to control the interferometer and for signal detection. The expected performances of these different elements are given, leading to an overall sensitivity curve as a function of the incoming gravitational wave frequency. This description represents the detector as built and used in the first data-taking runs. Improvements in different parts have been and continue to be performed, leading to better sensitivities. These will be detailed in a forthcoming paper. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2012
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9. The Carlina-type diluted telescope: Stellar fringes on Deneb

Author

H. Le Coroller, Ph. Berio, Davide Ricci, C. Guillaume, R. Sottile, J. M. Clausse, J. Dejonghe, Torben Andersen, Félicien Hespeels, L. Arnold, P. Deram, J. P. Meunier, A. Blazit, X. Regal, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inst Sensors Signals & Electrotech (SENSE), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Euro Engineering, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), FRA, BEL, and MEX

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Radio telescope, Telescope, Primary mirror, high angular resolution [Instrumentation], Optics, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, interferometers [Instrumentation], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interferometry, Deneb, Instrumentation: interferometers, Space and Planetary Science, Instrumentation: high angular resolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Telescopes
Abstract

Context. The performance of interferometers has largely been increased over the last ten years. But the number of observable objects is still limited due to the low sensitivity and imaging capability of the current facilities. Studies have been done to propose a new generation of interferometers. Aims. The Carlina concept studied at the Haute-Provence Observatory consists in an optical interferometer configured as a diluted version of the Arecibo radio telescope: above the diluted primary mirror made of fixed co-spherical segments, a helium balloon or cables suspended between two mountains and/or pylons, carries a gondola containing the focal optics. This concept does not require delay lines. Methods. Since 2003, we have been building a technical demonstrator of this diluted telescope. The main goals of this project were to find the opto-mechanical solutions to stabilize the optics attached under cables at several tens of meters above the ground, and to characterize this diluted telescope under real conditions. In 2012, we have obtained metrology fringes, and co-spherized the primary mirrors within one micron accuracy. In 2013, we have tested the whole optical train: servo loop, metrology, and the focal gondola. Results. We obtained stellar fringes on Deneb in September 2013. In this paper, we present the characteristics of these observations: quality of the guiding, S /N reached, and possible improvements for a future system. Conclusions. It is an important step that demonstrates the feasibility of building a diluted telescope using cables strained between cliffs or pylons. Carlina, like the MMT or LBT, could be one of the first members of a new class of telescopes named Large Diluted Telescopes. Its optical architecture has many advantages for future projects: Planet Formation Imager, Post-ELTs, Interferometer in space., 8 pages, 7 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2014
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11. A large area transition radiation detector for the NOMAD experiment

Author

C. Detraz, E. Manola-Poggioli, L. Mossuz, H. Pessard, A. Placci, P. Petitpas, P. Nedelec, G. Gaillard, M. Gouanere, M. Bermond, T. Bertozzi, V. Valuev, G. Bassompierre, C. Engster, P. Petit, J.-P. Mendiburu, M. Wachnik, J.-M. Gaillard, E. Palazzini, L. Dumps, R. Sottile, H. Vey, J.-M. Dubois, M. Berthet, D. Verkindt, D. Sillou, T. Fazio, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and NOMAD

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Optics, Neutrino detector, 0103 physical sciences, Radiator (engine cooling), Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Neutrino oscillation, business, Instrumentation, FOIL method
Abstract

A transition radiation detector to identify electrons at 90% efficiency with a rejection factor against pions of 103 on an area of 2.85 × 2.85 m2 has been constructed for the NOMAD experiment. Each of its 9 modules includes a 315 plastic foil radiator and a detector plane of 176 vertical straw tubes filled with a xenon-methane gas mixture. Details of the design, construction and operation of the detector are given.

Published
1998
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12. Last stage control and mechanical transfer function measurement of the VIRGO suspensions

Author

R. De Rosa, G. Ballardin, R. Hermel, R. Cavalieri, Gianpaolo Evangelista, R. Passaquieti, B. Lieunard, J.-P. Coulon, A. Giazotto, J.-D. Fournier, M. Davier, I. Ferrante, J. Ramonet, C. Arnault, A. Di Virgilio, Luca Gammaitoni, L. Pinard, F. Bellachia, M. Leliboux, C. Girard, M. Loupias, F. Vetrano, C. Palomba, S. Frasca, P. N. Y. David, M. Varella, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, H. Vocca, F. Martelli, Marina Mazzoni, Claude Boccara, Zhenyu Zhang, F. Fidecaro, G. M. Guidi, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, F. Richard, H. Heitmann, M. Mencik, L. Giacobone, F. Paoletti, José Pacheco, A. Bozzi, F. Garufi, F. Ricci, J. C. Lacotte, S. Mataguez, L. Di Fiore, Roberto Cecchi, M. Iannarelli, N. Morgado, M. Barsuglia, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, D. Buskulic, E. Jules, Teimuraz Lomtadze, H. Fang, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, R. Sottile, B. Mours, M. Punturo, F. Cavalier, G. Cella, Sergio Cavaliere, B. Mansoux, A. Masserot, J. M. Innocent, Thierry Pradier, A. Eleuteri, V. Loriette, J. P. Scheidecker, D. Enard, M. Perciballi, O. Veziant, G. Gennaro, P. Marin, C. Eder, M. Yvert, L. Massonnet, Ketevan Qipiani, Ruggero Stanga, J. L. Montorio, E. Cuoco, B. Lagrange, R. Bilhaut, L. Holloway, D. Passuello, J. L. Beney, F. Marion, M. A. Bizouard, B. Caron, M. Gaspard, A. Viceré, P. Amico, P. La Penna, A. Reboux, Thomas Cokelaer, Fabio Marchesoni, P. Hello, D. Boget, J. P. Roger, M. De Rosa, Fabrizio Barone, R. Taddei, H. Trinquet, Salvatore Solimeno, G. Giordano, P. Ganau, D. Babusci, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, L. Fabbroni, G. Losurdo, Alban Remillieux, L. Milano, S. Cuzon, Ettore Majorana, D. Verkindt, Samuele Cortese, M. Taurigna, J. Cachenaut, P. Mugnier, V. Reita, L. Fournier, A. Pasqualetti, F. Frasconi, François Bondu, P. Rivoirard, R. Flaminio, Fausto Acernese, A. Errico, T. Regimbau, Ph. Heusse, M. Maiorino, V. Brisson, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, P. Rapagnani, J. M. Teuler, L. Nicolosi, C. Michel, Luisa Bracci, P. Popolizio, O. Lodygenski, F. Cleva, C. Bourgoin, M. Dehamme, P. Dominici, J. C. Marrucho, C. Bradaschia, D. Dufournaud, Enrico Calloni, E. Turri, S. Braccini, V. Dattilo, A. Brillet, C. Casciano, A., Bozzi, C., Bourgoin, S., Cortese, A., Errico, D., Enard, S., Mataguez, A., Paoli, A., Pasqualetti, P., Popolizio, F., Richard, J. M., Teuler, Z., Zhang, C., Boccara, M., Leliboux, V., Loriette, V., Reita, J. P., Roger, P., Ganau, B., Lagrange, J. M., Mackowski, C., Michel, J. L., Montorio, N., Morgado, L., Pinard, A., Remillieux, L., Bracci, G., Calamai, E., Cuoco, P., Dominici, L., Fabbroni, G., Guidi, G., Losurdo, F., Martelli, M., Mazzoni, M., Ripepe, R., Stanga, F., Vetrano, F., Acernese, F., Barone, Calloni, Enrico, S., Cavaliere, M., DE ROSA, DE ROSA, Rosario, L., DI FIORE, A., Eleuteri, G., Evangelista, Garufi, Fabio, M., Maiorino, L., Milano, K., Qipiani, S., Solimeno, M., Varvella, P., Amico, C., Cattuto, L., Gammaitoni, F., Marchesoni, M., Punturo, H., Vocca, G., Ballardin, S., Braccini, C., Bradaschia, C., Casciano, R., Cavalieri, R., Cecchi, G., Cella, V., Dattilo, A., DI VIRGILIO, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, F., Frasconi, G., Gennaro, A., Giazotto, L., Holloway, P., LA PENNA, T., Lomtadze, L., Nicolosi, F., Paoletti, R., Passaquieti, D., Passuello, R., Poggiani, R., Taddei, A., Vicere, S., Frasca, E., Majorana, C., Palomba, M., Perciballi, P., Puppo, P., Rapagnani, F., Ricci, N., Arnaud, C., Arnault, M., Barsuglia, J. L., Beney, R., Bilhaut, M. A., Bizouard, V., Brisson, P., Canitrot, F., Cavalier, R., Chiche, S., Cuzon, M., Davier, M., Dehamme, C., Eder, M., Gaspard, P., Hello, P., Heusse, E., Jule, O., Lodygensky, B., Mansoux, J. C., Marrucho, M., Mencik, P., Marin, T., Pradier, A., Reboux, P., Rivoirard, M., Taurigna, F., Bellachia, D., Boget, D., Buskulic, B., Caron, F., Chollet, P. Y., David, D., Dufournaud, R., Flaminio, L., Fournier, L., Giacobone, C., Girard, R., Hermel, J. C., Lacotte, B., Lieunard, F., Marion, A., Masserot, L., Massonnet, B., Mour, P., Mugnier, J., Ramonet, R., Sottile, D., Verkindt, O., Veziant, M., Yvert, D., Babusci, H., Fang, G., Giordano, M., Iannarelli, E., Turri, F., Bondu, A., Brillet, J., Cachenaut, F., Cleva, T., Cokelaer, J. P., Coulon, J. D., Fournier, H., Heitmann, J. M., Innocent, M., Loupia, C. N., Man, J., Pacheco, T., Regimbau, J. P., Scheidecker, H., Trinquet, P., Tourrenc, J. Y., Vinet, Cavaliere, Sergio, and Virgo, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, Onde gravitazionali, interferometri, sospensioni, Automatic control, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pendulum, Transfer function, Optics, Control theory, Control system, Sensitivity (control systems), Suspension (vehicle), business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The automatic control of the suspended mirrors is a major task in operating an interferometric gravitational wave antenna. To reach the extreme sensitivity required for this kind of detector, an accurate alignment and a stable locking of the interferometer on its working point are crucial. The solution of this problem is particularly complex in the case of a multistage pendulum, such as the suspension system for seismic isolation adopted in VIRGO. A precise knowledge of the suspension mechanical transfer functions (TFs) for different forces applied in the control servo-loops represents essential information to reach the goal. In this article, we describe the apparatus we developed to measure the VIRGO suspension TF and we report the results thus obtained on full-scale suspensions at the VIRGO site. Preliminary results for the implemented control system of the last suspension stage are also presented.

Published
2002

14. The first diluted telescope ever built in the world

Author

Jean-Michel Clausse, P. Deram, A. Blazit, J. Dejonghe, D. Ricci, Philippe Berio, C. Guillaume, A. Le Vansuu, Jean-Pierre Meunier, H. Le Coroller, X. Regal, and R. Sottile

Subjects
Physics, Aperture, Reflecting telescope, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Active optics, X-ray telescope, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, law, Astronomical interferometer, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Angular resolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We have built at the Haute-Provence observatory (France) the rst diluted telescope in the world. We describe this prototype called Carlina, made of three 25 cm mirrors separated by a maximum baseline of 10.5 m. The three mirrors in place are already coherenced and rst light is scheduled for June-July 2012. In this article, we will mainly describe the focal gondola. We propose to build in the near future a 100 m aperture Large Diluted Telescope. This diluted telescope will be more sensitive than regular interferometers (Keck, VLTI, etc.), with higher imaging capabilities. A LDT will open new elds of research in astrophysics thanks to very high angular resolution imaging of the surface of supergiant stars, AGN, gravitational micro-lens systems, exo-planets, etc.

Published
2012
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15. Tests with a Carlina-type diluted telescope; Primary coherencing

Author

R. Sottile, A. Le Vansuu, J. M. Clausse, H. Le Coroller, X. Regal, Maarten F. de Boer, Julien Dejonghe, Davide Ricci, M. De Becker, Jean-Pierre Meunier, C. Guillaume, Denis Mourard, Olivier Lardière, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Primary mirror, Radio telescope, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supercontinuum, Metrology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Coherence (physics), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Studies are under way to propose a new generation of post-VLTI interferometers. The Carlina concept studied at the Haute- Provence Observatory is one of the proposed solutions. It consists in an optical interferometer configured like a diluted version of the Arecibo radio telescope: above the diluted primary mirror made of fixed cospherical segments, a helium balloon (or cables suspended between two mountains), carries a gondola containing the focal optics. Since 2003, we have been building a technical demonstrator of this diluted telescope. First fringes were obtained in May 2004 with two closely-spaced primary segments and a CCD on the focal gondola. We have been testing the whole optical train with three primary mirrors. The main aim of this article is to describe the metrology that we have conceived, and tested under the helium balloon to align the primary mirrors separate by 5-10 m on the ground with an accuracy of a few microns. The servo loop stabilizes the mirror of metrology under the helium balloon with an accuracy better than 5 mm while it moves horizontally by 30 cm in open loop by 10-20 km/h of wind. We have obtained the white fringes of metrology; i.e., the three mirrors are aligned (cospherized) with an accuracy of {\approx} 1 micron. We show data proving the stability of fringes over 15 minutes, therefore providing evidence that the mechanical parts are stabilized within a few microns. This is an important step that demonstrates the feasibility of building a diluted telescope using cables strained between cliffs or under a balloon. Carlina, like the MMT or LBT, could be one of the first members of a new class of telescopes named diluted telescopes., 18 pages, 17 figures, A&A, accepted

Published
2012
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16. Higher-precision radial velocity measurements with the SOPHIE spectrograph using octagonal-section fibers

Author

Y. Richaud, F. Pepe, G. Avila, Luc Arnold, R. Sottile, Isabelle Boisse, D. Tezier, B. Chazelas, S. Perruchot, François Bouchy, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Guillaume Hébrard, K. Arnaud, Xavier Delfosse, Gabriel Moreaux, Alexandre Santerne, Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), V. S. Shaklan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Aperture, Instrumentation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Echelle grating, Physics, Vignetting, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Exoplanet, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Radial velocity, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

High-precision spectrographs play a key role in exoplanet searches using the radial velocity technique. But at the accuracy level of 1 m.s-1, required for super-Earth characterization, stability of fiber-fed spectrograph performance is crucial considering variable observing conditions such as seeing, guiding and centering errors and, telescope vignetting. In fiber-fed spectrographs such as HARPS or SOPHIE, the fiber link scrambling properties are one of the main issues. Both the stability of the fiber near-field uniformity at the spectrograph entrance and of the far-field illumination on the echelle grating (pupil) are critical for high-precision radial velocity measurements due to the spectrograph geometrical field and aperture aberrations. We conducted tests on the SOPHIE spectrograph at the 1.93-m OHP telescope to measure the instrument sensitivity to the fiber link light feeding conditions: star decentering, telescope vignetting by the dome,and defocussing. To significantly improve on current precision, we designed a fiber link modification considering the spectrograph operational constraints. We have developed a new link which includes a piece of octagonal-section fiber, having good scrambling properties, lying inside the former circular-section fiber, and we tested the concept on a bench to characterize near-field and far-field scrambling properties. This modification has been implemented in spring 2011 on the SOPHIE spectrograph fibers and tested for the first time directly on the sky to demonstrate the gain compared to the previous fiber link. Scientific validation for exoplanet search and characterization has been conducted by observing standard stars., 12 pages, 9 figures, Proceedings of SPIE 2011

Published
2011
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17. The SOPHIE spectrograph: design and technical key-points for high throughput and high stability

Author

Danuta Sosnowska, D. Gillet, A. Laloge, S. A. Ilovaisky, Denis Mégevand, François Bouchy, J.-C. Brunel, P. E. Blanc, M. Merzougui, Jean-Pierre Meunier, D. Kohler, Pierre Richaud, A. Point, X. Regal, Y. Richaud, P. Vors, Francesco Pepe, L. Hill, S. Perruchot, Jerome Schmitt, H. Le Coroller, R. Sottile, G. Knispel, Gabriel Moreaux, M. Fleury, and C. Carol

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Exoplanetology, Asteroseismology, Wavelength calibration, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Radial velocity, Optics, law, Constant pressure, business, Spectrograph, Remote sensing
Abstract

SOPHIE is a new fiber-fed echelle spectrograph in operation since October 2006 at the 1.93-m telescope of Observatoire de Haute-Provence. Benefiting from experience acquired on HARPS (3.6-m ESO), SOPHIE was designed to obtain accurate radial velocities (~3 m/s over several months) with much higher optical throughput than ELODIE (by a factor of 10). These enhanced capabilities have actually been achieved and have proved invaluable in asteroseismology and exoplanetology. We present here the optical concept, a double-pass Schmidt echelle spectrograph associated with a high efficiency coupling fiber system, and including simultaneous wavelength calibration. Stability of the projected spectrum has been obtained by the encapsulation of the dispersive components in a constant pressure tank. The main characteristics of the instrument are described. We also give some technical details used in reaching this high level of performance.

Published
2008
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18. CTC subpopulations in metastatic breast cancer

Author

Fabio Puglisi, R. Sottile, Barbara Toffoletto, Michela Bulfoni, Daniela Cesselli, Antonio Paolo Beltrami, C. Bozza, Marta Bonotto, C. Di Loreto, Gianpiero Fasola, Lorenzo Gerratana, E. Peruzzi, Alessandro Marco Minisini, Mauro Mansutti, Stefania Marzinotto, Marika Cinausero, M. Banzi, and Miriam Isola

Subjects
Oncology, CA15-3, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, CA 15-3, Cancer, Hematology, medicine.disease, Metastatic breast cancer, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, Medicine, business
Published
2015
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19. Metastatic breast cancer and circulating exosomes. Hints from an exploratory analysis

Author

Miriam Isola, Daniela Cesselli, Fabio Puglisi, Barbara Toffoletto, Gianpiero Fasola, Marta Bonotto, R. Sottile, Antonio Paolo Beltrami, Alessandro Marco Minisini, Marika Cinausero, C. Di Loreto, Lorenzo Gerratana, Michela Bulfoni, Mauro Mansutti, and Stefania Marzinotto

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast cancer, business.industry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Hematology, Exploratory analysis, business, medicine.disease, Microvesicles
Published
2015
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20. The Virgo Suspensions

Author

J. Ramonet, Samuele Cortese, L. Milano, H. Vocca, M. Yvert, Teimuraz Lomtadze, D. Passuello, Thierry Pradier, R. Bilhaut, A. Viceré, M. Gaspard, H. Fang, Ph. Heusse, P. Canitrot, N. Arnaud, P. Rapagnani, F. Garufi, R. De Rosa, C. Arnault, J. L. Beney, F. Frasconi, A. Di Virgilio, L. Giacobone, R. Sottile, B. Mansoux, A. Masserot, P. Amico, G. Cella, P. Ganau, Fausto Acernese, R. Flaminio, B. Mours, P. La Penna, M. Leliboux, A. Errico, F. Marion, M. Punturo, M. Varvella, A. Bozzi, C. Girard, B. Caron, V. Loriette, C. N. Man, J. Y. Vinet, L. Pinard, F. Fidecaro, M. Iannarelli, M. Dehamme, L. Holloway, T. Regimbau, P. Dominici, Thomas Cokelaer, F. Bellachia, G. M. Guidi, Angela Delli Paoli, Ciro Cattuto, F. Martelli, C. Bradaschia, Marina Mazzoni, S. Mataguez, F. Paoletti, D. Buskulic, F. Cavalier, J. L. Montorio, J. M. Innocent, Zhenyu Zhang, R. Passaquieti, A. Giazotto, José Pacheco, J. M. Teuler, I. Ferrante, L. Nicolosi, S. Cuzon, C. Michel, G. Ballardin, Sergio Cavaliere, A. Reboux, V. Brisson, H. Heitmann, M. Mencik, S. Braccini, N. Morgado, M. De Rosa, J. P. Roger, R. Hermel, Luisa Bracci, O. Lodygenski, H. Trinquet, F. Chollet, J.-M. Mackowski, F. Cleva, Roberto Cecchi, A. Eleuteri, G. Giordano, C. Bourgoin, J. C. Marrucho, Fabrizio Barone, Ettore Majorana, D. Enard, M. Loupias, D. Dufournaud, E. Jules, E. Turri, P. Puppo, Maurizio Ripepe, Enrico Calloni, M. Davier, P. Tourrenc, G. Calamai, Gianpaolo Evangelista, B. Lieunard, L. Di Fiore, M. Barsuglia, Luca Gammaitoni, G. Losurdo, V. Dattilo, A. Brillet, S. Frasca, M. Taurigna, Alban Remillieux, D. Verkindt, P. Popolizio, L. Massonnet, Fabio Marchesoni, R. Taddei, P. Mugnier, L. Fournier, Patrice Hello, J. Cachenaut, V. Reita, G. Gennaro, François Bondu, P. Rivoirard, M. Perciballi, D. Boget, P. Marin, C. Casciano, C. Eder, L. Fabbroni, Marie-Anne Bizouard, A. Pasqualetti, C. Palomba, F. Ricci, Ketevan Qipiani, E. Cuoco, F. Richard, Claude Boccara, Rosa Poggiani, R. Chiche, F. Vetrano, P. N. Y. David, Salvatore Solimeno, R. Cavalieri, J.-P. Coulon, J.-D. Fournier, D. Babusci, J. C. Lacotte, Ruggero Stanga, J. P. Scheidecker, O. Veziant, and B. Lagrange

Subjects
Physics, business.product_category, Gravitational wave detectors and experiments, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Payload, Seismic noise, Interferometry, Optics, Control system, Six degrees of freedom, business, Suspension (vehicle), Beam (structure), Digital camera
Abstract

The VIRGO suspensions are chains of passive mechanical filters designed to isolate the interferometer mirrors from seismic noise starting from a few Hz. In order to reduce the low-frequency swing of the mirror along the beam, an active control system, acting at the level of the suspension point, damps the main resonant modes of the system (all below 2.5 Hz). Another control loop, at the level of the optical payload, makes use of a digital camera monitoring the mirror position in all six degrees of freedom. Its main goal is to decrease the rms angular displacements of the mirror, on a time scale of several minutes, down to less than 1 μrad. All the seven suspensions of the VIRGO central interferometer are presently in operation, while the assembly of the last two, for the terminal mirrors, is in progress. The design and performance of the system are described in this paper. PACS number: 0480N (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

Published
2002

21. Linkage analysis in Marfan syndrome

Author

T R Sottile, Louanne Hudgins, C A Hyde, R C Schwartz, S H Blanton, Petros Tsipouras, and Mansoor Sarfarazi

Subjects
Marfan syndrome, musculoskeletal diseases, Genetic Markers, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Genetic Linkage, Locus (genetics), Biology, Marfan Syndrome, Gene mapping, Genetic linkage, Genetics, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Allele, skin and connective tissue diseases, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, Lod score, integumentary system, Computers, Chromosome Mapping, medicine.disease, Genetic marker, Female, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Lod Score, DNA Probes, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Research Article
Abstract

We have analysed 40 marker loci on 13 chromosomes for linkage with Marfan syndrome. None of the loci was linked to the Marfan syndrome locus at theta = 0.00. This study provides a basis for an exclusion map and for further collaboration in mapping of the locus.

Published
1990

23. Effects of working memory demand on short-term heart-rate- and pulse transit time-variability

Author

DI MARCO, LUIGI YURI, SOTTILE, ROBERTO, CHIARI, LORENZO, A. CAPPELLO, T. D’ALESSIO, M. KNAFLITZ, F.M. MONTEVECCHI, L.Y. Di Marco, R. Sottile, and L. Chiari

Abstract

The Sternberg memory scanning task provides a measure of processing and working memory retrieval speed. In this test, subjects are presented a set of stimuli of given length. After a delay, one item is presented, and subjects are asked to indicate whether or not the item was part of the set. Performance is assessed by speed and accuracy of the response. Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is an eligible method for assessing the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mediated response of the cardiovascular system to working memory allocation and retrieval effort. Pulse transit time (PTT), namely the interval between heart systole and arterial blood pulse (PPG) detected in peripheral sites, has also been related to mental stress. The purpose of this study is to analyse HRV and PTT variability (PTTV) in response to a stepwise-increasing difficulty Sternberg task.

Published
2010

24. Comparative analysis of heart- and pulse-rate variability during mental task execution: the role of pulse transit time variability

Author

DI MARCO, LUIGI YURI, SOTTILE, ROBERTO, CHIARI, LORENZO, A. CAPPELLO, T. D’ALESSIO, M. KNAFLITZ, F.M. MONTEVECCHI, L.Y. Di Marco, R. Sottile, and L. Chiari

Subjects
otorhinolaryngologic diseases, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is an established method which provides valuable information on the autonomic nervous system’s (ANS) regulation of the cardiac rhythm. HRV is a time- and frequency-domain analysis which is based on the inter-beat interval series of normal sinus rhythm beats. Short-term HRV is computed over time frames of 5 minutes or less. It is widely used in biofeedback applications, in workload assessment and stress management. In recent years different approaches have been proposed, in which the arterial blood pulse generated by cardiac contraction is used instead of the heart beat itself for generating the pulse-series. Although this approach simplifies signal acquisition as it only requires a photo-plethysmographic sensor (PPG) clipped to the earlobe or to a fingertip, the time occurring between heart contraction and propagation of the arterial blood pulse to the peripheral site may determine non-negligible differences between electrocardiogram-derived HRV and PPG-derived HRV indices. Aim of this study is to present a comparative analysis of short-term indices of electrocardiogram-derived HRV and PPG-derived HRV, in an experimental setup reproducing the scenario of a sedentary working activity.

Published
2010

25. ESP2: A Platform for Experimental Design in Cognitive Ergonomics

Author

SOTTILE, ROBERTO, DI MARCO, LUIGI YURI, CHIARI, LORENZO, TADEUSZ MAREK, JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY, KRAKOW, POLAND, WALDEMAR KARWOWSKI, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA, ORLANDO, USA, VALERIE RICE, ARL HRED AMEDD, USA, R. Sottile, L.Y. Di Marco, and L. Chiari

Subjects
HUMAN FACTORS, SOFTWARE PLATFORM, NEUROERGONOMICS
Abstract

ESP2 (an Experimental Stimuli Presentation Platform) is a prototypical implementation of a thin software layer on top of the Java™ environment for coding experiments in scientific disciplines like cognitive psychology, cognitive ergonomics and behavioral sciences. The platform is composed of a set of libraries providing a basic application programming interface (API) for the implementation of cognitive experiments, and a lightweight application framework for stimuli definition, presentation, and subsequent processing of user response. Experiments can either be executed in stand-alone mode, or driven by an external unit which remotely controls experiment execution on an arbitrary number of target machines concurrently and transparently, thus allowing to implement parallel experimental sessions, when applicable, with no additional costs in terms of experimenter's time or effort. The internal libraries allow simultaneous streaming of information regarding presented stimuli and user response timings to an arbitrary number of external devices (e.g. EEG monitors, ambulatory polygraphs, external computing units), by using a simple custom network protocol that may also be used to synchronize or annotate recorded data. In the present chapter the ESP2 platform is presented, and its main characteristics – cross-portability, software extensibility, network integration, timing accuracy, performance – introduced and discussed.

Published
2010

26. VR-Wheel: a Rehabilitation Platform for Motor Recovery

Author

Angelo Cappello, Roberto Sottile, Luigi Calori, Emanuele Lindo Secco, Lorenzo Chiari, Angelo Davalli, E.L. Secco, R. Sottile, A. Davalli, L. Calori, A. Cappello, and L. Chiari

Subjects
REHABILITATION, medicine.medical_specialty, WHEELCHAIR, Computer science, medicine.medical_treatment, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, medicine.disease, computer.software_genre, Biofeedback, Motion (physics), Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Gait (human), Virtual machine, VIRTUAL REALITY, medicine, Virtual rehabilitation, Stroke, computer
Abstract

In this paper we introduce VR-Wheel, a platform combining cognitive and motor-learning tasks, intended for motor recovery in lower limb amputee and tetraplegic patients in post-traumatic conditions. The main feature of the platform is its versatility from the biomechanical, hardware and software viewpoint, since the design of the application is such that patients’ own wheelchairs are transformed into an USB mouse, interfaced with any types of mouse-drivable graphics and/or software and any kind of operative system. The mechanics is flexible and the dedicated VR-environment is user friendly and easily tunable to different, specific clinical requirements. In this paper we present its general design and some scenarios for its clinical use.

Published
2007
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27. L’Archivio Pugliese Linguistico Informatico (APLI). Una base per la costruzione di carte linguistiche ‘dinamiche’

Author

TEMPESTA, Immacolata, Alessandra Schena, V. Matranga, R. Sottile (a cura di), Tempesta, Immacolata, and Alessandra, Schena

Subjects
archivio linguistico, Atlanti linguistici, rete geolinguistica
Abstract

Si presentano alcuni dati per l'allestimento dell'Archivio Pugliese Linguistico Informatico (APLI), in particolare le configurazioni socio-economiche dell'area e i questionari sociolinguistici per le inchieste.

Published
2007

28. Time-frequency analysis of cardio-respiratory response to mental task execution

Author

Di Marco, L. Y., Sottile, R., Lorenzo Chiari, L.Y. Di Marco, R. Sottile, and L. Chiari

Subjects
RESPIRATION, ECG, MENTAL TASK EXECUTION, HEART RATE VARIABILITY
Abstract

Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory effort have been proposed in numerous studies with the goal of correlating physiological parameters with mental workload. Aim of this study was to analyze the cardio-respiratory response to a mental task (Sternberg Task) from a single lead ambulatory ECG recording, in healthy subjects. Under no assumptions on stationarity, HRV was analyzed in the time-frequency domain by means of the Hilbert- Huang Transform (HHT). A surrogate respiratory signal was also extracted from the ECG recording, by means of an established principal component analysis (PCA) based method, and its spectrum was analyzed. A sharp decrease in low frequency (LF) components of HRV during the execution of the mental task with respect to the resting intervals was generally observed. In some subjects, an increase in the peak-power respiratory rate was also observed during task execution.

29. Polygenic polymorphism is associated with NKG2A repertoire and influences lymphocyte phenotype and function.

Author

Le Luduec JB, Kontopoulos T, Panjwani MK, Sottile R, Liu H, Schäfer G, Massalski C, Lange V, and Hsu KC

Subjects
Humans, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I metabolism, Phenotype, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C genetics, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C metabolism, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, HLA-E Antigens
Abstract

Abstract: CD94/NKG2A is a heterodimeric receptor commonly found on natural killer (NK) and T cells, and its interaction with its ligand HLA-E on adjacent cells leads to inhibitory signaling and cell suppression. We have identified several killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR)C1 (NKG2A) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with NKG2A expression on NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and Vγ9/Vδ2+ T cells. Additionally, due to strong linkage disequilibrium, polymorphisms in KLRC2 (NKG2C) and KLRK1 (NKG2D) are also associated with NKG2A surface density and frequency. NKG2A surface expression correlates with single-cell NK responsiveness, and NKG2A+ NK cell frequency is associated with total NK repertoire response and inhibitability, making the identification of SNPs responsible for expression and frequency important for predicting the innate immune response. Because HLA-E expression is dependent on HLA class I signal peptides, we analyzed the relationship between peptide abundance and HLA-E expression levels. Our findings revealed a strong association between peptide availability and HLA-E expression. We identified the HLA-C killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand epitope as a predictive marker for HLA-ABC expression, with the HLA-C1 epitope associated with high HLA-E expression and the HLA-C2 epitope associated with low HLA-E expression. The relationship between HLA-C epitopes and HLA-E expression was independent of HLA-E allotypes and HLA-B leader peptides. Although HLA-E expression showed no significant influence on NKG2A-mediated NK education, it did affect NK cell inhibition. In summary, these findings underscore the importance of NKG2A SNPs and HLA-C epitopes as predictive markers of NK cell phenotype and function and should be evaluated as prognostic markers for diseases that express high levels of HLA-E., (© 2024 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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30. NaCl enhances CD8 + T cell effector functions in cancer immunotherapy.

Author

Scirgolea C, Sottile R, De Luca M, Susana A, Carnevale S, Puccio S, Ferrari V, Lise V, Contarini G, Scarpa A, Scamardella E, Feno S, Camisaschi C, De Simone G, Basso G, Giuliano D, Mazza EMC, Gattinoni L, Roychoudhuri R, Voulaz E, Di Mitri D, Simonelli M, Losurdo A, Pozzi D, Tsui C, Kallies A, Timo S, Martano G, Barberis E, Manfredi M, Rescigno M, Jaillon S, and Lugli E

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Humans, Cell Differentiation, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms therapy, Neoplasms drug therapy, Cell Line, Tumor, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Glutamine metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Immunotherapy, Adoptive methods, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Sodium Chloride, Immunotherapy methods
Abstract

CD8 + T cells control tumors but inevitably become dysfunctional in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that sodium chloride (NaCl) counteracts T cell dysfunction to promote cancer regression. NaCl supplementation during CD8 + T cell culture induced effector differentiation, IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity while maintaining the gene networks responsible for stem-like plasticity. Accordingly, adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T cells resulted in superior anti-tumor immunity in a humanized mouse model. In mice, a high-salt diet reduced the growth of experimental tumors in a CD8 + T cell-dependent manner by inhibiting terminal differentiation and enhancing the effector potency of CD8 + T cells. Mechanistically, NaCl enhanced glutamine consumption, which was critical for transcriptional, epigenetic and functional reprogramming. In humans, CD8 + T cells undergoing antigen recognition in tumors and predicting favorable responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy resembled those induced by NaCl. Thus, NaCl metabolism is a regulator of CD8 + T cell effector function, with potential implications for cancer immunotherapy., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Published
2024
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31. Ultraviolet astronomical spectrograph calibration with laser frequency combs from nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides.

Author

Ludwig M, Ayhan F, Schmidt TM, Wildi T, Voumard T, Blum R, Ye Z, Lei F, Wildi F, Pepe F, Gaafar MA, Obrzud E, Grassani D, Hefti O, Karlen S, Lecomte S, Moreau F, Chazelas B, Sottile R, Torres-Company V, Brasch V, Villanueva LG, Bouchy F, and Herr T

Abstract

Astronomical precision spectroscopy underpins searches for life beyond Earth, direct observation of the expanding Universe and constraining the potential variability of physical constants on cosmological scales. Laser frequency combs can provide the required accurate and precise calibration to the astronomical spectrographs. For cosmological studies, extending the calibration with such astrocombs to the ultraviolet spectral range is desirable, however, strong material dispersion and large spectral separation from the established infrared laser oscillators have made this challenging. Here, we demonstrate astronomical spectrograph calibration with an astrocomb in the ultraviolet spectral range below 400 nm. This is accomplished via chip-integrated highly nonlinear photonics in periodically-poled, nano-fabricated lithium niobate waveguides in conjunction with a robust infrared electro-optic comb generator, as well as a chip-integrated microresonator comb. These results demonstrate a viable route towards astronomical precision spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and could contribute to unlock the full potential of next-generation ground-based and future space-based instruments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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32. Engineered NKG2C + NK-like T cells exhibit superior antitumor efficacy while mitigating cytokine release syndrome.

Author

Lupo KB, Panjwani MK, Shahid S, Sottile R, Lawry C, Kolk G, Kontopolous T, Daniyan AF, Chandran SS, Klebanoff CA, and Hsu KC

Abstract

Engineered T and NK cell therapies have widely been used to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, with promising clinical results. Current chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutics have, however, been associated with treatment-related adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and are prone to immunologic exhaustion. CAR-NK therapeutics, while not associated with CRS, have limited in vivo persistence. We now demonstrate that an NK-like TCRαβ + CD8 T cell subset, identified and expanded ex vivo through its expression of the activating receptor NKG2C (NKG2C + NK-like T cells), can be transduced to express a second-generation CD19 CAR (1928z), resulting in superior tumor clearance, longer persistence and decreased exhaustion compared to conventional 1928z CAR + CD8 T cells and 1928z CAR+ NK cells. Moreover, CAR-modified NKG2C + NK-like T cells resulted in significantly reduced CRS compared to conventional CAR + CD8 T cells. Similarly, NKG2C + NK-like T cells engineered with a TCR targeting the NY-ESO-1 antigen exhibit robust tumor control and minimal exhaustion compared to TCR-engineered conventional CD8 T cells. These data establish NKG2C + NK-like T cells as a robust platform for cell engineering, and offer a safer, more durable alternative to conventional CAR-T and CAR-NK therapies.

Published
2024
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34. Early anakinra treatment improves cardiac outcome of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, regardless of disease severity.

Author

Taddio A, Della Paolera S, Abbagnato L, Agrusti A, Badolato R, Biscaro F, Caorsi R, Consolaro A, Dellepiane RM, Fabi M, Floretta I, Gattorno M, Giangreco M, La Torre F, Maggio MC, Mambelli L, Mauro A, Mastrolia MV, Meneghel A, Montin D, Ricci F, Simonini G, Smarrazzo A, Sottile R, Stucchi S, Tardi M, Verdoni L, Zuccotti G, Zunica F, Ravelli A, and Cattalini M

Subjects
Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Patient Acuity, Methylprednisolone, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein therapeutic use, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, COVID-19 complications, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Abstract

Objective: The main aim of this study was to define the best treatment option for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and to analyse the role of anakinra., Methods: This is a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients were treated according to the attending physician's decision. The patients were divided into four groups on the basis of the first treatment at time of admittance: (i) IVIG, (ii) IVIG and methylprednisolone (≤2 mg/kg/day), (iii) IVIG with high-dose methylprednisolone (>2 mg/kg/day) and (iv) anakinra with or without IVIG and/or methylprednisolone. Primary outcomes were defined as the presence of at least one of the following features: death, the failure of initial treatment, meaning the need for additional treatment for clinical worsening and cardiac involvement at the end of follow-up., Results: Two hundred thirty-nine patients were recruited. At univariate analysis, persistent heart involvement at discharge was more frequent in those not receiving anakinra as initial treatment (3/21 vs 66/189; P = 0.047). After comparisons between the four treatment regimens, adjusting for the propensity score, we observed that early treatment with anakinra was associated with a lower probability of developing persistent heart disease at the end of follow-up (odds ratio: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-1.0)., Conclusion: We report that early treatment with anakinra is safe and very effective in patients with severe MIS-C. In addition, our study suggests that early treatment with anakinra is the most favourable option for patients with a higher risk of developing a severe disease outcome., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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35. Emergence of human CMV-induced NKG2C+ NK cells is associated with CD8+ T-cell recovery after allogeneic HCT.

Author

van der Ploeg K, Sottile R, Kontopoulos T, Shaffer BC, Papanicolaou GA, Maloy MA, Cho C, Robinson KS, Perales MA, Le Luduec JB, and Hsu KC

Subjects
Humans, Cytomegalovirus, Killer Cells, Natural, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with the expansion of a mature NKG2C+FcεR1γ- natural killer (NK) cell population. The exact mechanism underlying the emergence of NKG2C+ NK cells, however, remains unknown. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) provides an opportunity to longitudinally study lymphocyte recovery in the setting of CMV reactivation, particularly in patients receiving T-cell-depleted (TCD) allografts. We analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes from 119 patients at serial time points after infusion of their TCD allograft and compared immune recovery with that in samples obtained from recipients of T-cell-replete (T-replete) (n = 96) or double umbilical cord blood (DUCB) (n = 52) allografts. NKG2C+ NK cells were detected in 92% (45 of 49) of recipients of TCD HCT who experienced CMV reactivation. Although NKG2A+ cells were routinely identifiable early after HCT, NKG2C+ NK cells were identified only after T cells could be detected. T-cell reconstitution occurred at variable times after HCT among patients and predominantly comprised CD8+ T cells. In patients with CMV reactivation, recipients of TCD HCT expressed significantly higher frequencies of NKG2C+ and CD56neg NK cells compared with patients who received T-replete HCT or DUCB transplantation. NKG2C+ NK cells after TCD HCT were CD57+FcεR1γ+ and degranulated significantly more in response to target cells compared with the adaptive the NKG2C+CD57+FcεR1γ- NK cell population. We conclude that the presence of circulating T cells is associated with the expansion of a CMV-induced NKG2C+ NK cell population, a potentially novel example of developmental cooperation between lymphocyte populations in response to viral infection., (© 2023 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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36. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals a Naive-Memory Relationship between CD56 bright and Adaptive Human Natural Killer Cells.

Author

Panjwani MK, Grassmann S, Sottile R, Le Luduec JB, Kontopoulos T, van der Ploeg K, Sun JC, and Hsu KC

Abstract

Development of antigen-specific memory upon pathogen exposure is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system. While natural killer (NK) cells are considered part of the innate immune system, humans exposed to the chronic viral pathogen cytomegalovirus (CMV) often possess a distinct NK cell population lacking in individuals who have not been exposed, termed "adaptive" NK cells. To identify the "naïve" population from which this "memory" population derives, we performed phenotypic, transcriptional, and functional profiling of NK cell subsets. We identified immature precursors to the Adaptive NK cells that are equally present in both CMV+ and CMV-individuals, resolved an Adaptive transcriptional state distinct from most mature NK cells and sharing a common gene program with the immature CD56 bright population, and demonstrated retention of proliferative capacity and acquisition of superior IFNγ production in the Adaptive population. Furthermore, we distinguish the CD56 bright and Adaptive NK populations by expression of the transcription factor CXXC5, positioning these memory NK cells at the inflection point between innate and adaptive lymphocytes.

Published
2023
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37. Viloxazine extended-release capsules for the treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in adult patients.

Author

Childress A, Sottile R, and Khanbijian S

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Humans, Adult, United States, Delayed-Action Preparations therapeutic use, Propylamines adverse effects, Atomoxetine Hydrochloride therapeutic use, Amphetamine therapeutic use, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity drug therapy, Viloxazine therapeutic use, Methylphenidate therapeutic use, Central Nervous System Stimulants adverse effects
Abstract

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder with symptoms that may persist in up to 90% of adults diagnosed during childhood and continue to cause significant impairment throughout the lifespan. In the United States (US), amphetamine and methylphenidate formulations have been available to treat ADHD for several decades. Only one nonstimulant, atomoxetine, was available for the treatment of ADHD in adults until recently. In April 2022, a second nonstimulant, viloxazine extended-release (VLX-ER), became available in the US for the treatment of adult ADHD. Efficacy was previously established in placebo-controlled trials in children and adolescents., Areas Covered: VLX-ER is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with serotonin activity. The efficacy in adults, adverse event profile, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and metabolism of VLX-ER are reviewed., Expert Opinion: Despite the availability of effective pharmacological treatments for ADHD, many patients discontinue treatment in less than 1 year. Stimulants are effective in more than 80% of patients; however, some may have difficulty tolerating them. Although there were no head-to-head studies, the effect size of VLX-ER in an adult efficacy trial was lower than has been shown for stimulants. Nevertheless, the approval of VLX-ER adds another effective ADHD treatment option for adults.

Published
2023
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38. The Role of the Medical Profession in Occupational Lung Disease and Access to Compensation.

Author

Weir S, O'Keefe L, and Sottile R

Subjects
Humans, Workplace, Australia, Lung Diseases
Abstract

The relationship between exposure to toxins at work and lung diseases continues to be significantly under-recognised in Australia. Medical practitioners are well placed to identify occupational risk factors for disease. They can therefore play a vital role in informing regulatory responses, highlighting dangerous workplaces and supporting access to compensation to assist with better health outcomes for their patients. Increased awareness among medical practitioners of occupational factors can aid early diagnosis and improve patient outcomes by improving access to justice. Medical practitioners should be cognisant of the occupational causes of lung disease in Australia to support appropriate specialist referral and ensure patients can access additional support systems available through legal compensation systems. More broadly, medical professionals and lawyers assisting workers share the common aim of highlighting preventable diseases and advocating for change to help make workplaces safer., Competing Interests: Employment at Maurice Blackburn.

Published
2022

39. Dominant epitopes presented by prevalent HLA alleles permit wide use of banked CMVpp65 T cells in adoptive therapy.

Author

Hasan AN, Doubrovina E, Sottile R, Prockop S, Klatt MG, Heller G, Selvakumar A, Barnett L, Hsu KC, and O'Reilly RJ

Subjects
Alleles, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Epitopes, Humans, Immunodominant Epitopes, Cytomegalovirus Infections therapy, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

We established and characterized a bank of 138 CMVpp65 peptide-specific T-cell (CMVpp65CTLs) lines from healthy marrow transplant donors who consented to their use for treatment of individuals other than their transplant recipient. CMVpp65CTL lines included 131 containing predominantly CD8+ T cells and 7 CD4+ T cells. CD8+ CMVpp65CTLs were specific for 1 to 3 epitopes each presented by one of only 34 of the 148 class I alleles in the bank. Similarly, the 7 predominantly CD4+ CMVpp65CTL lines were each specific for epitopes presented by 14 of 40 HLA DR alleles in the bank. Although the number of HLA alleles presenting CMV epitopes is low, their prevalence is high, permitting selection of CMVpp65CTLs restricted by an HLA allele shared by transplant recipient and hematopoietic cell transplant donor for >90% of an ethnogeographically diverse population of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Within individuals, responses to CMVpp65 peptides presented by different HLA alleles are hierarchical. Furthermore, within groups, epitopes presented by HLA B*07:02 and HLA A*02:01 consistently elicit immunodominant CMVpp65CTLs, irrespective of other HLA alleles inherited. All dominant CMVpp65CTLs exhibited HLA-restricted cytotoxicity against epitope loaded targets and usually cleared CMV infections. However, immunodominant CMVpp65CTLs responding to epitopes presented by certain HLA B*35 alleles were ineffective in lysing CMV-infected cells in vitro or controlling CMV infections post adoptive therapy. Analysis of the hierarchy of T-cell responses to CMVpp65, the HLA alleles presenting immunodominant CMVpp65 epitopes, and the responses they induce may lead to detailed algorithms for optimal choice of third-party CMVpp65CTLs for effective adoptive therapy., (© 2022 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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40. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Expansion of a Functionally Superior Cytoplasmic CD3 + NK Cell Subset with a Bcl11b-Regulated T Cell Signature.

Author

Wu Z, Lau CM, Sottile R, Le Luduec JB, Panjwani MK, Conaty PM, Srpan K, Laib Sampaio K, Mertens T, Adler SP, Hill AB, Barker JN, Cheung NV, Sun JC, and Hsu KC

Subjects
Animals, CD3 Complex immunology, Humans, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Transcriptome, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Lymphocyte Subsets immunology, Repressor Proteins immunology, Tumor Suppressor Proteins immunology
Abstract

Human CMV (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that indelibly shapes the NK cell repertoire. Using transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic approaches to evaluate peripheral blood NK cells from healthy human volunteers, we find that prior HCMV infection promotes NK cells with a T cell-like gene profile, including the canonical markers CD3ε, CD5, and CD8β, as well as the T cell lineage-commitment transcription factor Bcl11b. Although Bcl11b expression is upregulated during NK maturation from CD56 bright to CD56 dim , we find a Bcl11b-mediated signature at the protein level for FcεRIγ, PLZF, IL-2Rβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε in later-stage, HCMV-induced NK cells. BCL11B is targeted by Notch signaling in T cell development, and culture of NK cells with Notch ligand increases cytoplasmic CD3ε expression. The Bcl11b-mediated gain of CD3ε, physically associated with CD16 signaling molecules Lck and CD247 in NK cells is correlated with increased Ab-dependent effector function, including against HCMV-infected cells, identifying a potential mechanism for their prevalence in HCMV-infected individuals and their prospective clinical use in Ab-based therapies., (Copyright © 2021 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.)

Published
2021
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41. Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8 + T cell population with loss of BCL11B expression and gain of NK cell identity.

Author

Sottile R, Panjwani MK, Lau CM, Daniyan AF, Tanaka K, Barker JN, Brentjens RJ, Sun JC, Le Luduec JB, and Hsu KC

Subjects
Humans, Repressor Proteins immunology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tumor Suppressor Proteins immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Cytomegalovirus immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Repressor Proteins genetics, Tumor Suppressor Proteins genetics
Abstract

CD8 + T cells not only are critical mediators of adaptive immunity but also may exhibit innate-like properties such as surface expression of NKG2C, an activating receptor typically associated with natural killer (NK) cells. We demonstrate that, similar to NK cells, NKG2C + TCRαβ + CD8 + T cells are associated with prior human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exposure. In addition to expressing several NK cell markers such as CD56 and KIR, NKG2C + CD8 + T cells are oligoclonal and do not up-regulate PD-1 even in response to persistent activation. Furthermore, we found that NKG2C + CD8 + T cells from some individuals exhibited strong effector function against leukemia cells and HCMV-infected fibroblasts, which was dictated by both NKG2C and TCR specificity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the transcription factor BCL11B , a regulator of T cell developmental fate, is down-regulated in NKG2C + CD8 + T cells when compared with conventional NKG2C − CD8 + T cells. BCL11B deletion in conventional CD8 + T cells resulted in the emergence of a similar innate-like CD56 + CD94 + DAP12 + NKG2C + CD45RA + CCR7 − PD-1 −/low T cell population with activity against HLA-E + targets. On the basis of their intrinsic capacity to recognize diseased cells coupled with lack of PD-1 induction, NKG2C + CD8 + T cells represent a lymphocyte population that resides at the boundary between innate and adaptive immunity, presenting an attractive alternative for cellular therapy, including CAR T cell–based therapies.

Published
2021
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42. Clustering of Major Histocompatibility Complex-Class I Molecules in Healthy and Cancer Colon Cells Revealed from Their Nanomechanical Properties.

Author

Moretti M, La Rocca R, Perrone Donnorso M, Torre B, Canale C, Malerba M, Das G, Sottile R, Garofalo C, Achour A, Kärre K, Carbone E, and Di Fabrizio E

Subjects
Antigen-Presenting Cells, Cluster Analysis, Colon, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Neoplasms
Abstract

The activation of the T cell mediated immune response relies on the fine interaction between the T cell receptor on the immune cell and the antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the membrane surface of antigen-presenting cells. Both the distribution and quantity of MHC/peptide complexes and their adequate morphological presentation affect the activation of the immune cells. In several types of cancer the immune response is down-regulated due to the low expression of MHC-class I (MHC-I) molecules on the cell's surface, and in addition, the mechanical properties of the membrane seem to play a role. Herein, we investigate the distribution of MHC-I molecules and the related nanoscale mechanical environment on the cell surface of two cell lines derived from colon adenocarcinoma and a healthy epithelial colon reference cell line. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy analysis using an antibody-tagged pyramidal probe specific for MHC-I molecules and a formula that relates the elasticity of the cell to the energy of adhesion revealed the different population distributions of MHC-I molecules in healthy cells compared to cancer cells. We found that MHC-I molecules are significantly less expressed in cancer cells. Moreover, the local elastic modulus is significantly reduced in cancer cells. We speculate that these results might be related to the proven ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system, not only by reducing MHC-I cell surface expression but also by modifying the local mechanical properties affecting the overall morphology of MHC-I synapse presentation to immune cells.

Published
2021
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43. Defining Kawasaki disease and pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy: results from a national, multicenter survey.

Author

Cattalini M, Della Paolera S, Zunica F, Bracaglia C, Giangreco M, Verdoni L, Meini A, Sottile R, Caorsi R, Zuccotti G, Fabi M, Montin D, Meneghel A, Consolaro A, Dellepiane RM, Maggio MC, La Torre F, Marchesi A, Simonini G, Villani A, Cimaz R, Ravelli A, and Taddio A

Subjects
Age Distribution, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Aspirin therapeutic use, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 metabolism, COVID-19 therapy, Child, Child, Preschool, Cough physiopathology, Diarrhea physiopathology, Dyspnea physiopathology, Female, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Heart Failure physiopathology, Humans, Hyperferritinemia metabolism, Hyperferritinemia physiopathology, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Infant, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein therapeutic use, Italy epidemiology, Male, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome epidemiology, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome metabolism, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome therapy, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use, SARS-CoV-2, Shock physiopathology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome epidemiology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome metabolism, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome therapy, Tachypnea physiopathology, Troponin T metabolism, Vomiting physiopathology, COVID-19 physiopathology, Coronary Artery Disease physiopathology, Hypotension physiopathology, Lymphopenia physiopathology, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome physiopathology, Myocarditis physiopathology, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome physiopathology
Abstract

Background: There is mounting evidence on the existence of a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS), sharing similarities with Kawasaki Disease (KD). The main outcome of the study were to better characterize the clinical features and the treatment response of PIMS-TS and to explore its relationship with KD determining whether KD and PIMS are two distinct entities., Methods: The Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society launched a survey to enroll patients diagnosed with KD (Kawasaki Disease Group - KDG) or KD-like (Kawacovid Group - KCG) disease between February 1st 2020, and May 31st 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, treatment information, and patients' outcome were collected in an online anonymized database (RedCAP®). Relationship between clinical presentation and SARS-CoV-2 infection was also taken into account. Moreover, clinical characteristics of KDG during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (KDG-CoV2) were compared to Kawasaki Disease patients (KDG-Historical) seen in three different Italian tertiary pediatric hospitals (Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste; AOU Meyer, Florence; IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa) from January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2019. Chi square test or exact Fisher test and non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test were used to study differences between two groups., Results: One-hundred-forty-nine cases were enrolled, (96 KDG and 53 KCG). KCG children were significantly older and presented more frequently from gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement. Cardiac involvement was more common in KCG, with 60,4% of patients with myocarditis. 37,8% of patients among KCG presented hypotension/non-cardiogenic shock. Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) were more common in the KDG. The risk of ICU admission were higher in KCG. Lymphopenia, higher CRP levels, elevated ferritin and troponin-T characterized KCG. KDG received more frequently immunoglobulins (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (81,3% vs 66%; p = 0.04 and 71,9% vs 43,4%; p = 0.001 respectively) as KCG more often received glucocorticoids (56,6% vs 14,6%; p < 0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 assay more often resulted positive in KCG than in KDG (75,5% vs 20%; p < 0.0001). Short-term follow data showed minor complications. Comparing KDG with a KD-Historical Italian cohort (598 patients), no statistical difference was found in terms of clinical manifestations and laboratory data., Conclusion: Our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection might determine two distinct inflammatory diseases in children: KD and PIMS-TS. Older age at onset and clinical peculiarities like the occurrence of myocarditis characterize this multi-inflammatory syndrome. Our patients had an optimal response to treatments and a good outcome, with few complications and no deaths.

Published
2021
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45. NK- and T-cell subsets in malignant mesothelioma patients: Baseline pattern and changes in the context of anti-CTLA-4 therapy.

Author

Sottile R, Tannazi M, Johansson MH, Cristiani CM, Calabró L, Ventura V, Cutaia O, Chiarucci C, Covre A, Garofalo C, Pontén V, Tallerico R, Frumento P, Micke P, Maio M, Kärre K, and Carbone E

Subjects
Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, CD56 Antigen immunology, CD56 Antigen metabolism, CTLA-4 Antigen antagonists & inhibitors, CTLA-4 Antigen immunology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines blood, Cytokines immunology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, K562 Cells, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms immunology, Male, Mesothelioma genetics, Mesothelioma immunology, Mesothelioma, Malignant, Middle Aged, Prognosis, T-Lymphocyte Subsets metabolism, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Mesothelioma drug therapy, T-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
Abstract

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive form of cancer with limited treatment options. Although the role of NK cells has been studied in many solid tumors, the pattern of NK-cell subsets and their recognition of mesothelioma cells remain to be explored. We used RNA expression data of MM biopsies derived from the cancer genome atlas to evaluate the immune cell infiltrates. We characterized the phenotype of circulating NK and T cells of 27 MM patients before and after treatment with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody (tremelimumab). These immune cell profiles were compared to healthy controls. The RNA expression data of the MM biopsies indicated the presence of NK cells in a subgroup of patients. We demonstrated that NK cells recognize MM cell lines and that IL-15 stimulation improved NK cell-mediated lysis in vitro. Using multivariate projection models, we found that MM patients had a perturbed ratio of CD56 bright and CD56 dim NK subsets and increased serum concentrations of the cytokines IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α. After tremelimumab treatment, the ratio between the CD56 bright and CD56 dim subsets shifted back towards physiological levels. Furthermore, the improved overall survival was correlated with low TIM-3 + CD8 + T-cell frequency, high DNAM-1 + CD56 dim NK-cell frequency and high expression levels of NKp46 on the CD56 dim NK cells before and after immune checkpoint blockade. Together, our observations suggest that NK cells infiltrate MM and that they can recognize and kill mesothelioma cells. The disease is associated with distinct lymphocytes patterns, some of which correlate with prognosis or are affected by treatment with tremelimumab., (© 2019 UICC.)

Published
2019
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46. Cytomegalovirus Infection Drives Avidity Selection of Natural Killer Cells.

Author

Adams NM, Geary CD, Santosa EK, Lumaquin D, Le Luduec JB, Sottile R, van der Ploeg K, Hsu J, Whitlock BM, Jackson BT, Weizman OE, Huse M, Hsu KC, and Sun JC

Subjects
Animals, Cytomegalovirus Infections metabolism, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Herpesviridae Infections immunology, Herpesviridae Infections metabolism, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Muromegalovirus immunology, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A genetics, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A metabolism, T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity, Cytomegalovirus immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, Host-Pathogen Interactions immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Abstract

The process of affinity maturation, whereby T and B cells bearing antigen receptors with optimal affinity to the relevant antigen undergo preferential expansion, is a key feature of adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes capable of "adaptive" responses after cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, whether NK cells are similarly selected on the basis of their avidity for cognate ligand is unknown. Here, we showed that NK cells with the highest avidity for the mouse CMV glycoprotein m157 were preferentially selected to expand and comprise the memory NK cell pool, whereas low-avidity NK cells possessed greater capacity for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Moreover, we provide evidence for avidity selection occurring in human NK cells during human CMV infection. These results delineate how heterogeneity in NK cell avidity diversifies NK cell effector function during antiviral immunity, and how avidity selection might serve to produce the most potent memory NK cells., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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47. Iron and Ferritin Modulate MHC Class I Expression and NK Cell Recognition.

Author

Sottile R, Federico G, Garofalo C, Tallerico R, Faniello MC, Quaresima B, Cristiani CM, Di Sanzo M, Cuda G, Ventura V, Wagner AK, Contrò G, Perrotti N, Gulletta E, Ferrone S, Kärre K, Costanzo FS, Carlomagno F, and Carbone E

Subjects
Animals, Apoferritins genetics, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic genetics, Deferoxamine pharmacology, Embryo, Mammalian cytology, Fibroblasts cytology, Fibroblasts immunology, Fibroblasts metabolism, Gene Expression drug effects, HeLa Cells, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I metabolism, Humans, Interferon-gamma pharmacology, K562 Cells, Killer Cells, Natural metabolism, MCF-7 Cells, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Nuclear Receptor Coactivators genetics, Nuclear Receptor Coactivators metabolism, RNA Interference, Siderophores pharmacology, Apoferritins metabolism, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic immunology, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I immunology, Iron metabolism, Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Abstract

The ability of pathogens to sequester iron from their host cells and proteins affects their virulence. Moreover, iron is required for various innate host defense mechanisms as well as for acquired immune responses. Therefore, intracellular iron concentration may influence the interplay between pathogens and immune system. Here, we investigated whether changes in iron concentrations and intracellular ferritin heavy chain (FTH) abundance may modulate the expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules (MHC), and susceptibility to Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. FTH downregulation, either by shRNA transfection or iron chelation, led to MHC surface reduction in primary cancer cells and macrophages. On the contrary, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from NCOA4 null mice accumulated FTH for ferritinophagy impairment and displayed MHC class I cell surface overexpression. Low iron concentration, but not FTH, interfered with IFN-γ receptor signaling, preventing the increase of MHC-class I molecules on the membrane by obstructing STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Finally, iron depletion and FTH downregulation increased the target susceptibility of both primary cancer cells and macrophages to NK cell recognition. In conclusion, the reduction of iron and FTH may influence the expression of MHC class I molecules leading to NK cells activation.

Published
2019
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48. Successful treatment of hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins.

Author

Mauro A, Mauro S, Rega R, Martemucci L, and Sottile R

Subjects
Blister etiology, Child, Female, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, IgA Vasculitis complications, IgA Vasculitis diagnosis, Skin pathology, IgA Vasculitis therapy, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use
Abstract

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. There is no consensus about the management for isolated cutaneous manifestations in HSP. We describe a case of HSP presenting with severe skin lesions that did not respond to standard therapy with corticosteroids. The 11-year-old child was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, which induced rapid and persistent resolution of symptomatology., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2019
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49. Use and perception of complementary and alternative medicine among cancer patients: the CAMEO-PRO study : Complementary and alternative medicine in oncology.

Author

Bozza C, Gerratana L, Basile D, Vitale MG, Bartoletti M, Agostinetto E, Russo S, Follador A, De Carlo E, Pella N, Sottile R, Fasola G, and Puglisi F

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Pilot Projects, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Complementary Therapies statistics & numerical data, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms psychology
Abstract

Background: It is estimated that about half of cancer patients use at least one form of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in their life but there is a strong reticence of patients in talking about CAM with their oncologist. Primary aim of this study was to inform patients about CAM, focusing on their supposed benefits, toxicities and interactions with conventional therapeutic agents. The study also explored patients' perception about CAM and ascertained the level of CAM use among cancer patients of an Italian academic hospital., Methods: From April 2016 to April 2017, the observational pilot trial "CAMEO-PRO" prospectively enrolled 239 cancer patients that were invited to attend a tutorial about CAM at the Department of oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Italy. Before and after the informative session, patients were asked to fill a questionnaire reporting their knowledge and opinion about CAM., Results: Overall, 163 (70%) women and 70 (30%) men were enrolled. Median age was 61 years. At study entry, 168 (72%) patients declared they had never been interested in this topic previously; 24 patients (11%) revealed the use of a type of alternative therapy and 58 (28%) revealed the use of complementary therapy. In total, 139 (55.2%) patients attended the informative session. Bowker's test of symmetry demonstrated statistically significant opinion's change after the session on 9 out of 14 explored items., Conclusions: Informative sessions seem to have a relevant impact on patients' perceptions and opinions about CAM.

Published
2018
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50. NK cells control breast cancer and related cancer stem cell hematological spread.

Author

Tallerico R, Conti L, Lanzardo S, Sottile R, Garofalo C, Wagner AK, Johansson MH, Cristiani CM, Kärre K, Carbone E, and Cavallo F

Abstract

The growth and recurrence of a number of cancers is driven by a scarce population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are resistant to most current therapies. It has been shown previously that natural killer (NK) cells recognize human glioma, melanoma, colon and prostate CSCs in vitro . We herein show that human and mouse breast CSCs are also susceptible to NK cytotoxic activity in vitro . Moreover, CSC induced autologous NK cell activation and expansion in vivo , which correlate with the inhibition of CSC metastatic spread. These data suggest that NK cells control CSC metastatic spread in vivo and that their use in breast cancer therapy may well be fruitful.

Published
2017
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