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By applying the in-silico method, resveratrol was docked on those proteins which are responsible for bone loss. The Molecular docking data between the resveratrol and Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand [RANKL] receptors proved that resveratrol binds tightly to the receptors, showed the highest binding affinities of −6.9, −7.6, −7.1, −6.9, −6.7, and −7.1 kcal/mol. According to in-vitro data, Resveratrol reduced the osteoclasts after treating Marrow-Derived Macrophages [BMM] with Macrophage colony-stimulating factor [MCSF] 20ng / ml and RANKL 50ng / ml, with different concentrations of resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) For 7 days, the cells were treated with MCSF (20 ng / ml) and RANKL (40 ng / ml) together with concentrated trimethyl ether and resveratrol (2.5, 10 μg / ml) within 12 hours. Which, not affect cell survival. After fixing osteoclast cells with formaldehyde fixative on glass coverslip followed by incubation with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min and after that stain with rhodamine phalloidin staining for actin and Hoechst for nuclei. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to see the distribution of filaments actin [F.actin]. Finally, resveratrol reduced the actin ring formation. Resveratrol is the best bioactive compound for drug preparation against bone loss. Resumo Com a aplicação do método in-silico, o resveratrol foi ancorado nas proteínas responsáveis pela perda óssea. Os dados de docking molecular entre o resveratrol e o ligante do receptor ativador do fator nuclear kappa-Β [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa-B Ligant (RANKL)] provaram que o resveratrol se liga fortemente aos receptores, mostraram as afinidades de ligação mais altas de −6,9, −7,6, −7,1, −6,9, - 6,7 e -7,1 kcal / mol. De acordo com dados in-vitro, o resveratrol reduziu os osteoclastos após o tratamento de macrófagos derivados da medula óssea [Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage (BMM)] com fator estimulador de colônias de macrófagos [Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (MCSF)] 20ng / ml e RANKL 50ng / ml, com diferentes concentrações de resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml). Durante sete dias, as células foram tratadas com MCSF (20 ng / ml) e RANKL (40 ng / ml) juntamente com éter trimetílico concentrado e resveratrol (2,5, 10 μg / ml) em 12 horas, processo que não afeta a sobrevivência celular. Após a fixação de células de osteoclastos com fixador de formaldeído em lamela de vidro seguido de incubação com 0,1% Triton X-100 em PBS por 5 min, foi realizado posteriormente o procedimento para corar com rodamina faloidina a actina e Hoechst os núcleos. A microscopia de fluorescência foi realizada para ver a distribuição dos filamentos de actina [F.actina]. Finalmente, o resveratrol reduziu a formação do anel de actina. O resveratrol é o melhor composto bioativo para o preparo de medicamentos contra a perda óssea.

Ternary YbPt2B crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric hexagonal CePt2B-type structure (space group P6(2)22). Electrical resistivity, specific heat and magnetic measurements reveal a magnetic instability at 5.6 K. Furthermore, a spin-reorientation of presumably a ferromagnetic type occurs around 1.5 K. The behaviour at low temperature is governed by a rather weak Kondo effect, T(K) ⩽ 1 K, in the presence of strong crystalline electric field splitting, with a doublet ground state. Besides, the complex magnetic behaviour presumably results from a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction triggered by the absence of inversion symmetry in the crystal structure. Scaling according to the de Gennes factor traces back magnetic ordering in YbPt2B to the Rudermann-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interaction and the smooth evolution of the lattice constants and the unit cell volume of REPt2B (RE = rare earths) refers to the 4f(13) electronic configuration of Yb in YbPt2B.

We report about the influence of external pressure on the electrical resistivity of EuB5.99C0.01, the compound believed to be intrinsically inhomogeneous due to fluctuations of carbon content. Our results show that the low-temperature resistivity maximum shifts to a lower temperature with applied pressure, opposite to the behavior reported for stoichiometric EuB6. The origin of such a qualitative difference we associate with the increasing volume fraction of the phase that is not compatible with ferromagnetic ordering (originating in regions with relatively higher carbon concentration) with increasing pressure. Our results support a recent proposition of Batkova et al. (2008) [12] that carbon-rich regions strongly influence magnetotransport properties of carbon-doped EuB6, such as they play a role of “spacers”, which prevent the percolation of a ferromagnetic phase.

Neutron diffraction measurements as well as temperature, field and pressure dependent resistivity studies demonstrate the occurence of a dome-like magnetic phase in Yb 2 Pd 2 (In 1 -x Sn x ) (0,5≲x≲0.9) with antiferromagnetic ordering (k = (0, 0, 1/2)), whereas both Yb 2 Pd 2 In and Yb 2 Pd 2 Sn are nonmagnetic. The ordered moment and the ordering temperature of this phase is a result of a U-shape-like concentration dependence of the Kondo temperarature when proceeding from Yb 2 Pd 2 In to Yb 2 Pd 2 Sn.

We report the effect of pressure P on the electrical resistivity ρ ( T ) of a polycrystalline sample of an itinerant ferromagnet β - UB 2 C with the Curie temperature T C = 74.5 K and characteristic temperature T * = 35 K . It is observed that both T C and T * decrease with increasing pressure, and the critical pressure, where the long-range ferromagnetic order becomes completely quenched, is estimated as large as P cr ∼ 18 kbar . The metallic character of the ρ ( T ) curves of β - UB 2 C is changed into a Kondo-like one around 12 kbar. We suppose that the suppression of the magnetic order in β - UB 2 C by applying pressure is related with the development of Kondo effect.

The electrical resistivity of the heavy fermion superconductor Ce${}_{2}$PdIn${}_{8}$ was measured in magnetic fields up to 12 T and under hydrostatic pressures up to 21 kbar. At zero field, the low-temperature electrical resistivity in the normal state exhibits a power-law behavior ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}+{\mathit{AT}}^{n}$ with $nl2$. In this non-Fermi-liquid regime, both the superconducting temperature ${T}_{c}$ and the coefficient $\mathrm{A=}$ decrease with increasing pressure, while the exponent $n$ and the resistivity maximum at ${T}_{max}$ increase. The findings indicate a destabilization of the superconducting state via increasing hybridization strength between the 4$f$ and conduction electrons. In concert, enlargement of the $f$-band width at the Fermi level results in a decrease of the density of states $N({E}_{F})$. Application of magnetic fields recovers the Fermi-liquid state at ${H}_{c2}$, at which both $A$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ show a tendency to diverge. The data obtained indicate that any change in the Kondo interaction strength in Ce${}_{2}$PdIn${}_{8}$ by applied pressure or quenching spin fluctuations by external magnetic fields results in pushing away the system from the non-Fermi-liquid regime concomitantly with the destruction of the superconducting state. These new results support a scenario in which the superconductivity in Ce${}_{2}$PdIn${}_{8}$ is driven by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the vicinity of an underlying quantum critical point.

Electrical resistivity, specific-heat, and NMR measurements classify noncentrosymmetric Mo(3)Al(2)C (beta-Mn type, space group P4(1)32) as a strong-coupled superconductor with T(c)=9 K deviating notably from BCS-type behavior. The absence of a Hebbel-Slichter peak, a power-law behavior of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (from (27)Al NMR), an electronic specific heat strongly deviating from BCS model and a pressure enhanced T(c) suggest unconventional superconductivity with possibly a nodal structure of the superconducting gap. Relativistic density-functional theory calculations reveal a splitting of degenerate electronic bands due to the asymmetric spin-orbit coupling, favoring a mix of spin-singlet and spin-triplet components in the superconducting condensate, in absence of strong correlations among electrons.

By investigations of phase relations in the alloy system Ba-Pt-Si at 900 ° C we observe the formation of the compound BaPtSi3, which crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric BaNiSn3 structure type. Its space group is I4mm with the tetragonal lattice parameters a = 0.440942nm and c = 1.00132nm for the arc-melted compound annealed at 900 ° C. The characterization of the physical properties of BaPtSi3 reveals a superconducting transition at 2.25 K with an upper critical field at T =0 K of 0.05 T. For analyzing the electronic structure, density-functional theory calculations are performed yielding very good agreement between theory and experiment for the structural properties. From relativistic electronic-structure calculations, Fermi surface nesting features are found for two characteristic double sets of bands. The spin-orbit splitting of the relativistic electronic bands is in general rather small at Fermi energy and, therefore, superconductivity adheres to an almost undisturbed BCS state.

The electrical resistivity (p(T)) and magnetization (M(T)) of the superconductor Mo3Sb7 (Tc = 2.2 K) has been measured under pressures up to 22 kbar and at temperatures from 0.4 to 80 K. Hydrostatic pressure is found to show up the spin-density wave state below Tsdw, which is revealed by a sharp jump in ?(T) and a maximum in M(T) dependencies. With increasing pressure Tsdw decreases while Tc increases. The pressure dependencies of Tc and Tsdw can be understood on the basis of competition of the SDW and the superconducting states in this compound.

Polycrystalline samples of the layered boronitride superconductor La3Ni2B2N3−δ with various nominal nitrogen stoichiometries and identified an approximate width of formation ranging from δ ~ 0.1 to δ ~ 0.4 were prepared. The relation between nitrogen stoichiometry and superconducting properties were studied by resistivity and specific heat measurements. With increasing nitrogen off-stoichiometry δ an increase of the residual resistivity ρ0 and a simultaneous decrease of the superconducting transition temperature Tc from 14.2 K to 12.2 K is observed. The trend of Tc(p0) extrapolates to a clean limit Tc ~ 16K for terminal La3Ni2B2N3. The pressure dependence of Tc yields an initial slope dTc/dp = −80mK/kbar for La3Ni2B2N2.92(5).

Ternary TmPt2B crystallizes in the hexagonal CePt2B-type structure (space group P6222). Magnetic and specific heat measurements reveal long range magnetic order at 12.5 K. Field dependent results of both quantities clearly evidence a predominant ferromagnetic phase. The total angular momentum associated with the Tm3+ electronic configuration becomes split by crystalline electric field effects. The overall splitting turns out to be larger than 170 K.

Novel ternary compounds, M(2)Pd(14+x)B(5-y) (M = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Lu, Th; x∼0.9, y∼0.1), have been synthesized by arc melting. The crystal structures of Nd(2)Pd(14+x)B(5-y) and Th(2)Pd(14+x)B(5-y) were determined from x-ray single-crystal data and both are closely related to the structure type of Sc(4)Ni(29)B(10). All compounds were characterized by Rietveld analyses and found to be isotypic with the Nd(2)Pd(14+x)B(5-y) type. Measurements of the temperature dependent susceptibility and specific heat as well as the temperature and field dependent resistivity were employed to derive basic information on bulk properties of these compounds. The electrical resistivity of M(2)Pd(14+x)B(5-y), in general, is characterized by small RRR (residual resistance ratio) values originating from defects inherent to the crystal structure. Whereas the compounds based on Ce, Nd, Sm and Gd exhibit magnetic order, those based on Pr and Eu seem to be non-magnetic, at least down to 400 mK. While the non-magnetic ground state of the Pr based compound is a consequence of crystalline electric field effects in the context of the non-Kramers ion Pr, the lack of magnetic order in the case of the Eu based compound results from an intermediate valence state of the Eu ion.

The rate of release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from the perforated pial surface of the cerebral cortex in the cat showed systematic variations with the state of activation or "arousal" of the electrocorticogram. In animals subjected to midbrain coagulation and showing constant spindle patterns characteristic of sleep, the rate of release was three times greater (about 2 micrograms per hour per square centimeter) than in animals showing a largely "aroused" electrocorticogram, which had sections of the upper cervical cord or were neuraxially intact but had been given local anesthesia. The rate of release of glutamic acid was lower in the "sleeping" animals than in "aroused" animals, while no such differences were found for glutamine and aspartic acid. Such studies may lead to a better understanding of chemical mechanisms involved in the control of states of consciousness by the brain stem.

Previous work has shown that when brain is homogenized in saline medium, part of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the tissue is found in free solution and part is bound or occluded in particulate material. In the present work it is shown that the GABA content of solid brain or anaerobic brain suspensions increases with time and the increase is all in the free form. In suspensions in the presence of oxygen and glucose no increase in GABA occurs. A lower proportion of the GABA is found in bound form if the suspension is prepared in the cold rather than at room or body temperature. The amount found in bound form is sharply dependent on pH. The optimum is about pH 7. If brain is homogenized in plain sucrose solutions, or if potassium is substituted for sodium in saline solution, the amount of bound GABA found is half that found in isosmotic sodium chloride. The normal amount remains bound if 10 mM sodium ion or 5 mM calcium ion is present in the sucrose solution. Glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, and aspartic and acetylaspartic acids are also partly bound in brain. The amounts of these amino acids as well as of GABA found in brain frozen in situ are considerably lower than in brain which has been excised rapidly after death but without freezing.