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The corrosion inhibition effect of o-Aminophenol-N-Benzylidene (o-AmphNB) and o-Anisidene-N-Benzylidene (o-AnsNB) for pure Aluminium in 1 M HCl at different concentrations of two different inhibitors were investigated by means of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The values of Δ G a d s o revealed that the adsorption mechanism of these molecules on aluminium surface is competitive phenomenon between chemical and physical adsorption. Potentiodynamic polarization parameters revealed the mixed mode of inhibition with predominance of cathodic inhibition. The impedance results showed that with increase in concentration of inhibitor, charge transfer resistance increases while double layer capacitance decreases. Quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method were performed on o-AmphNB and o-AnsNB to determine the relationship between molecular structures and their inhibition efficiencies. Correlation analysis concluded that the inhibition effect of inhibitors could be explained in terms of electronic properties.

Despite great attention given to the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas, much remains unknown about its epidemiology and evolution, in part due to a lack of genomic data. We applied multiple sequencing approaches to generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from 10 countries and territories, greatly expanding the observed viral genetic diversity from this outbreak. We analyzed the timing and patterns of introductions into distinct geographic regions; our phylogenetic evidence suggests rapid expansion of the outbreak in Brazil and multiple introductions of outbreak strains into Puerto Rico, Honduras, Colombia, other Caribbean islands, and the continental US. We find that ZIKV circulated undetected in multiple regions for many months before the first locally transmitted cases were confirmed, highlighting the importance of viral surveillance. We identify mutations with possible functional implications for ZIKV biology and pathogenesis, as well as those potentially relevant to the effectiveness of diagnostic tests.

We analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) E14 guideline that requires a thorough QT/QTc (TQT) study for all drugs under development. We compared two pharmacoeconomic scenarios: the health effects and costs resulting from implementing ICH E14 ("regulation" scenario) vs. not implementing ICH E14 ("no regulation" scenario). We used a dynamic population model to calculate the cost-effectiveness of ICH E14 for a prototype QT-prolonging antipsychotic drug entering the US and European markets. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of regulation vs. no regulation were ~€2.4 million per sudden cardiac death prevented and ~€187,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained in users of antipsychotic drugs. The main driver of cost was the requirement for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring of users of QTc-prolonging drugs. Even when several of the assumptions in the model were varied, there were no results in favor of regulation. Our study shows that cost-effectiveness analysis of drug regulatory measures is feasible and should be considered before developing such measures.

Data from Mehsana kids born during the period of 2006 to 2012, maintained at Sheep and Goat Research Station (SGRS), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Gujarat, India, were used to evaluate the effect of various non-genetic factors on the different growth traits. The least squares means of body weights at birth, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months of age were 2.75 ± 0.03, 10.33 ± 0.16, 13.83 ± 0.23, 16.98 ± 0.35 and 20.44 ± 0.31 kg, respectively. The pre-weaning and post-weaning average daily weight gains were 84.75±1.82, and 35.58±0.92 g, respectively. Although year of birth was having highly significant

Summary Double-stem Swanson silastic arthroplasty was performed without grommets on the first metatarsophalangeal joints of 45 patients (62 feet). After a mean follow-up of 7 years 3 months (range, 5 years 1 month–9 years 10 months), 91% had been helped greatly with survivorship analysis revealing 94.4% implant survival at 10 years and significant improvements in scores for pain, ambulation, function and shoe wear ( P P

The pattern of growth and regression of ovarian follicles was monitored once daily for one complete estrous cycle in eight individual water buffaloes by ultrasonographic scanning of the ovaries for an entire interovulatory interval of normal cycle length. One-wave follicular growth was observed in five animals and two-wave follicular growth in three buffaloes during the estrous cycle. The first follicular wave of a two-wave cycle emerged significantly earlier (P0.05) than the emergence of the solitary wave of a one-wave cycle. One- and two-wave cycles differed significantly (P0.05) with respect to the mean interovulatory interval (21.0 +/- 0.54 days versus 22.7 +/- 0.33 days) and the mean interestrus interval (20.8 +/- 0.58 days versus 22.3 +/- 0.66 days). The overall linear growth rate of the ovulatory follicle was significantly greater (P0.01) in a two-wave cycle compared to that of a one-wave cycle (1.17 +/- 0.33 mm/day versus 0.32 +/- 0.01 mm/day). In a one-wave pattern, the growth profile of the solitary dominant follicle was atypical, showing three distinct phases, i.e. growth phase, regression phase and regrowth phase culminating in ovulation. The level of plasma progesterone steadily increased from day 0 of estrous cycle, attained peak level on day 14 and declined thereafter. A slower growth rate of the dominant follicle was observed in the presence of higher plasma progesterone concentration. The present study shows that one-wave follicular growth is a normal phenomenon in suckled water buffaloes.

Production records of 513 Patanwadi sheep spread over a period of 15 years (1998–2012) were analyzed to study the effect of non-genetic factors (sex of animal, period and season of shearing) on greasy fleece weight (GFW). The overall least squares mean of six monthly GFw was 579.61±4.65g. Significant differences between period of shearing, season of shearing and sex of animal on GFW indicated that environmental conditions might have played an important role in bringing about the variation in this trait. This further indicated that the records should be corrected for obtaining valid estimates of genetic parameters of GFW. Lower estimate of repeatability of GFW discourages selection of animals for higher GFW based on first shearing. The most probable producing ability of the top 5% animals ranged from 647.19 to 816.09g.

The retention and episodic release of flammable gases are critical safety concerns for double-shell tanks that contain waste slurries. The rheological behavior of the waste, particularly of the settled sludge, is critical to characterizing the tendency of the waste to retain gas bubbles. The presence of gas bubbles is expected to affect the rheology of the sludge, but essentially no literature data are available to assess the effect of bubbles. Accordingly, the objectives of this study are to develop models for the effect of gas bubbles on the viscosity of a particulate slurry, develop an experimental method (capillary rheometer), collect data on the viscosity of a bubbly slurry, and develop a theoretical basis for interpreting the experimental data from the capillary rheometer.

We present a general theory of conduction in polysilicon. The theoretical framework reconciles two apparently divergent approaches for modeling conduction processes in polysilicon and provides a physical basis to correctly interpret and to point out the deficiencies of previously reported thermionic and thermionic field emission theory. This model is based on an extended state mobility in the disordered grain boundary and the thermionic emission-diffusion theory for conduction of current. The attractive features of our theory are (a) it can explain the experimental data without the use of an artificial factor, f, (b) the conduction process is characterized explicitly by the inherent material properties of the grain and the grain boundary. Our model is particularly suited for describing the electrical properties of laser restructured polysilicon, where because of large grain size the diffusion process is expected to be dominant.

MOSFETs were fabricated in frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser annealed silicon on oxide and nitride, with or without a square grid pattern etched in the insulators. Electron mobility in the range of 200 to 300 cm2/volt-sec had been measured, with highest carrier mobility measured in devices fabricated on oxide with the etched grid pattern.