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Maize crop ranks the first place in Romania as cultivated area, representing 2.3-2.5 million ha annually, this being subjected to the attack of several pests. Various researches conducted in different locations of Romania indicated that pests (Tanymecus dilaticollis, Agriotes spp. Helicoverpa armigera, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Ostrinia nubilalis) can caused up to 100% losses in maize crops, especially because of those pests attacking in the first stages of vegetation. Recently, other very damaging pests have been reported to the maize crop as new threats or/and quarantine pests, which can cause major damages in the future, for example: Spodoptera frugiperda, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Chilo partellus. These new pests have established themselves in Europe, therefore the risk of spreading is very high. The data from literature were analysed on the pest short description, the damages produced to maize plants and the most effective control strategies through chemical, biological and cultural operations in the maize growing regions in Romania. It is important for growers to recognize all stages of these insects that attack maize crops, to making the correct decision by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and/or other effective control methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression remains an underdiagnosed comorbidity which significantly decreases the quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression in a cohort of ALS patients with more than one year of disease evolution. A total of 50 ALS patients were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and cognition, using the Mini-Cog Standardized Instrument (MCSI). The clinical disability was evaluated using the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS). The prevalence of depression was 42.8%. A lower BDI-II score was significantly correlated with a higher education level, the spouse as a caregiver, spiritual devotion, and employment status (p < 0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis between the BDI-II score as the dependent variable and various independent variables such as spirituality, caregiver status, educational level, and occupational status revealed that only the type of caregiver (spouse or parent/child) significantly affected the BDI-II total score (p = 0.006). The functional disability significantly correlated with loss of appetite and loss of libido (p < 0.001). A high education, spiritual devotion, high ALSFRS, and the presence of the spouse as the caregiver were associated with the absence of depression.

Maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll) is one of Romania's most harmful pests of maize crops. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the different control methods of the maize leaf weevil in conditions of the high pest pressure from a commercial farm, located in one of the most favorable areas for this weevils species, in the southeast of Romania (Mihail Kogălniceanu, Ialomița County). This study has tested foliar treatment with acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin active ingredients, seeds treatment with imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole active ingredients, and granules application with the lambda-cyhalothrin active ingredient. In the spring of 2021, at the experimental site, it has registered a high pest density (15-20 weevils/m2). As a result of the weather's unfavorable conditions for weevils activity on the ground, the pest attack was moderate when maize was in early vegetation stages. At the control (untreated) variant, most of the maize plants had leaves chaffed in the proportion of 50-75%, but the majority of the plants survived after the attack. In this study, lower weevils attack has registered in the case of the variants with seeds treated with imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole active ingredients. From all experimental variants, higher maize yield was recorded in the case of the variant with seeds treated with imidacloprid active ingredient (12501 kg/ha). This study, effectuated in conditions of high pest pressure, in commercial farm conditions, demonstrates that seed treatment with systemic insecticides adequately protects the maize plants in early vegetation stages (BBCH 10-BBCH 14) against maize leaf weevil attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We document and make available to the scholarly community a uniquely detailed database of 20,680 observations of wages for men, women, and children and 30,000 observations of prices from eighteenth-century rural Denmark. These microlevel data were originally collected by the Danish Price History Project but have not previously been released. To illustrate the usefulness of such data, we discuss possible applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maize leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal, 1834) represent one of the most destructive pests of maize crops in Romania, especially in the south and south-east of the country. Every year was attacked more than 1 million hectares cultivated with maize. This pest is very dangerous when maize is in early vegetation stages, from plant emergence until four leaves (BBCH 10-BBCH 14). After the ban of the seeds treatment with neonicotinoids in the Europe Union, no alternatives for seed treatment to control this pest remain available in our country. In this article, it has assessed both, seeds treatment with neonicotinoids and possible alternatives for controlling of the maize leaf weevil in conditions of the commercial farm located in the south-east of Romania. Seeds treatment with imidacloprid (600 g/l), cyantraniliprole (625 g/l) active ingredients, maize foliar treatment with acetamiprid (20 %), lambda-cyhalothrin (50 g/l) active ingredients, granules application at maize sowing, with chlorpyrifos (5 %), lambda-cyhalothrin (4 g/kg) active ingredients or two granules application, at maize sowing and after plants emergence with cypermethrin (0.8 %) active ingredients were assessed. The efficacy of the applied insecticides was determined by evaluating weevils attack intensity at the maize plants, at BBCH 14 stage, using a scale from 1 (plant not attacked) to 9 (plant destroyed). In the spring of 2020, weather conditions from the experimental site, during assessments period were unfavorable for weevils activity at the soil surface. Even if the pest density from the experimental location was high (10-15 insects/m2) however weevils attack at maize plants was low. At variant with seeds treated with imidacloprid active ingredient, maize attack intensity at maize plant was 3.86, at untreated variant attack intensity was 4.47 while at rest of the experimental variants, attack intensity ranged between 4.29 and 4.46. It has registered significant statistical differences between weevils attack at maize plants from variant with seeds treated with imidacloprid active ingredient and the rest of the variants from this assessment (p<0.05). In the weather conditions of the year 2020, from the experimental location from the south-east of Romania, there weren't registered significant statistical differences between seeds treatment with cyantraniliprole active ingredient, maize foliar treatment with acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin active ingredients, granules application with chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin active ingredients, and untreated variant (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]