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Figure S1. As a reference for our CO2 -flight arena system, we ran the same experiments using the model insect, Drosophila melanogaster. We ran trials with an adjusted CO2 treatment where we closed the valve 5 seconds after starting the experiment and left the air open at 0.5 SCFH. After two minutes, the CO2 levels dropped by 40-60% (e.g. if the initial value was 2600 ppm, 2 min later it measured ~1610 ppm). These low CO2 plumes enhanced fruit fly flight performance for all contrast gratings greater than 0.33 compared to air alone (Figure S1A). When CO2 was delivered at the same rate as we used for mosquitoes ( 2200-2800 ppm), Drosophila tracking during star-field optical flow as well as bar was strongly reduced (air n=11, CO2 n=15, p

The study investigated the influence of information and communication technology in secondary school administration in Abia state. The objectives of the study was to determine the influence of Information and communication Technology on students’ administration, personnel administration, financial administration, and supervision of instructions in secondary schools in Abia State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised all secondary school teachers and school administrators in Abia State. Stratified random sampling was used to select 138 teachers and 39 administrators based on the three senatorial districts in Abia state (Abia-Central, Abia-North and Abia-South). The instrument used for data collection was survey questionnaire which was self-constructed in four point rating scale by the researcher. The instrument was validated by two research experts. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha. The coefficient of the instrument obtained was 0.81 which indicated the reliability strength of the instrument. Mean and standard deviation were the statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered from the respondents on each of the research questions. Z-test was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study showed that application of information and communication technology is capable of improving the delivery of administration service in secondary schools. The study recommended that government should provide adequate computers and ICT tools in schools especially for administrative purposes and teaching and learning.

Data mining algorithms have been applied in industries, government, military, retail, banking and educational contexts for analysis, prediction and classification of data. Little or no attention has been given to the structural complexity of those algorithms and the effect it has on their performances. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between structural complexity and classification performance of Multi-Layered Perceptron, J48 decision tree, Naive Bayes and REPTree data mining classification algorithms. Their performances were analysed based on training time and percentage accuracy, using Nursery and Glass datasets from online UCI data repository. Structural complexities of these four data mining classification algorithms were computed using Java programming language. Relationships between structural complexities of the classification algorithms and their training times as well as accuracy of classification/prediction were obtained. Briefly, the results showed that the higher the structural complexity, the higher the training times and accuracies of the algorithms.Keywords: Big data, Data mining, Structural Complexity, Classification algorithms

Mosquitoes detect the presence of humans by integrating chemosensory, thermal, and visual cues. Among these, odors are crucial for mosquito host detection. Insects have evolved a diverse repertoire of receptors to detect their plant and animal hosts. Genetic analysis of these receptors in Drosophila has set the stage for similar studies in mosquitoes. The diversity of the cues involved in mosquito host-seeking has made designing behavioral control strategies a challenge. The sensory receptors that are most important for mosquito detection of humans can now be determined using genome editing. Here, we will review our current understanding of the salient cues that attract mosquitoes, their receptors, and suggest ways forward for novel olfaction-based vector control strategies.

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the applicability of the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation P453 model for the refractivity profile of a typical troposphere of the tropics. Measurements of refractivity at the first 200 m altitude taken over one year in Akure, southwest Nigeria have been used. The results showed that the model using the scale height of 7.35 km and 7 km as recommended for global and tropical environments respectively gave reasonably accurate results for the refractivity at the altitude of 50m and 200m for seven out of the twelve months of the year. The scale height of 7 km gave a better result at 50 m altitude while 7.35 km scale height gave a better performance at 200 m. The refractivity values given by the models deviate from the measured values at other altitudes. The results also show discrepancy between model values and measured at all level in the months of October, November, December and January. These results suggest that there might be a need for a re-evaluation of the refractivity model for the tropical region