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Background: Right Ventricular Dysfunction (RVD) is the most frequent intraoperative hemodynamic complication in Heart Transplantation (HTx). RVD occurs in 0.04-1.0% of cardiac surgeries with cardiotomy and in 20-50% of HTx, with mortality up to 75%. No consensus has been established for how anesthesiologists should manage RVD, with management methods many times remaining unvalidated., Methods: We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, to create an anesthetic protocol to manage RVD in HTx, using databases that include PubMed and Embase, until September 2018 based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles screening for the systematic review were done two independent reviewers, in case of discrepancy, we consulted a third independent reviewer. Based on the systematic review, the anesthetic protocol was developed. The instrument selected to perform the validation of the protocol was AGREE II, for this purpose expert anesthetists were recruited to do this process. The minimum arbitration score for domains validation cutoff of AGREE II is arbitered to 70%. This study was registered at PROSPERO (115600)., Results: In the systematic review, 152 articles were included. We present the protocol in a flowchart with six steps based on goal-directed therapy, invasive monitoring, and transesophageal echocardiogram. Six experts judged the protocol and validated it., Conclusion: The protocol has been validated by experts and new studies are needed to assess its applicability and potential benefits on major endpoints.

Background: Cardiovascular complications associated with thoracic surgery increase morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. Elevated cardiac troponin level represents a predictor of complications after non-cardiac surgeries, but its role after thoracic surgeries remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between troponin I elevation and morbidity and mortality after one year in patients undergoing lung resection surgery., Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 151 consecutive patients subjected to elective lung resection procedures using conventional and video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques at a University Hospital in Brazil, from July 2012 to November 2015. Preoperative risk stratification was performed using the scores obtained by the American College of Physicians (ACP) and the Society of Cardiology of the state of São Paulo (EMAPO) scoring systems. Troponin I levels were measured in the immediate postoperative period (POi) and on the first and second postoperative days., Results: Most patients had a low risk for complications according to the ACP (96.7%) and EMAPO (82.8%) scores. Approximately 49% of the patients exhibited increased troponin I (≥0.16 ng/ml), at least once, and 22 (14.6%) died in one year. Multivariate analysis showed that the elevation of troponin I, on the first postoperative day, correlated with a 12-fold increase in mortality risk within one year (HR 12.02, 95% CI: 1.82-79.5; p = 0.01)., Conclusions: In patients undergoing lung resection surgery, with a low risk of complications according to the preoperative evaluation scores, an increase in troponin I levels above 0.16 ng/ml in the first postoperative period correlated with an increase in mortality within one year.

Background and Objectives: Rhabdomyolysis is a skeletal muscle injury with cell components' release to plasma. Exhaustive exercise, especially in non-conditioned individuals, may result in severe morbidity such as hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. It has been suggested that malignant hyperthermia, thermal shock and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis are closely related syndromes. This report aimed at describing a case of fatal rhabdomyolysis after physical exercise and its correlation with malignant hyperthermia., Case Report: Male patient, 32 year-old, presented with discomfort followed by syncope after running 2,350 m in a fitness race. Patient was taken to the hospital, evolved with respiratory failure, bradyarrhythmia, arterial hypotension and cardiac arrest, being resuscitated. Nevertheless, patient became comatose with severe muscle stiffness, persistent shock, coagulation problems, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and died less than 24 hours later. Autopsy findings revealed rhabdomyolysis-induced acute pulmonary edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure., Conclusions: It has been suggested that malignant hyperthermia and exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis are closely related syndromes. Patient died before any specific investigation of malignant hyperthermia, but it is important to look for susceptibility for this syndrome within the family to avoid potentially life-threatening anesthetic events.