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New Zealand has a legal 3D cadastre, and has done since the inception of its cadastral survey and tenure systems around 150 years ago. However, the digital representation of the cadastre is 2D with 3D situations handled via static plan, section and elevation images and supporting textual information. Work is currently underway to develop a 3D digital cadastre that will enable the 3D spatial extents of property rights, restrictions and responsibilities to be captured, validated, lodged, integrated with existing data, visualised, and made available for use in other systems. This article presents the approach that is being promoted by regulators of New Zealand's cadastral survey system in discussions with suppliers of land administration systems. Previous research concluded that the most appropriate way for New Zealand to develop a 3D digital cadastre is to build upon its existing system. The 2D digital cadastre would continue to be the default layer with 3D situations incorporated as and where necessary. To enable this requires a new approach to handling parcels defined in 3D. The representation of a 3D parcel as a spatial object is being proposed to allow parcels limited in height to be integrated into the digital cadastre and subsequently maintained. While the authors discuss how New Zealand's digital cadastre may be transitioned to 3D, it is suggested that the generic nature of spatial objects could be applied to other jurisdictions. For this reason, the international appeal of the approach is considered as other jurisdictions and providers of software applications may benefit from New Zealand's efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision-makers in the field of land administration and surveying need a broad understanding of emerging developments that are expected to shape the future of the industry. This study examines the relative perceived importance of several megatrends in the context of cadastral systems. In addition, we discuss the implications of relevant megatrends for the Finnish cadastral system and synthesize the anticipated impacts into key points. Our results are based on a two-round Delphi survey among Finnish experts in cadastral systems. The respondents identified digital culture, ubiquitous intelligence, and a tendency towards transparency, accessibility, and open data as the most important megatrends shaping the future of the Finnish cadastral system. Technological megatrends were also expected to have major impacts on the Finnish cadastral system by 2035. According to the panel technological advances will shape user preferences in the future. They anticipate that new forms of public services and collaboration between the public and private sectors in producing cadastral information will emerge by 2035. Our results indicate that Finnish experts view the development of the cadastral system as a technology-driven process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GNSS) methods are applied to the cadastral survey after the rapid development of satellite-based positioning. These methods are reported to give efficiency, speed and economy compared to the conventional ones. In this study, it is aimed to comprehensively evaluate the most commonly used GPS/GNSS methods for cadastral survey. Furthermore, a median based comparison strategy was developed for the distribution of the results. The research results showed the difference of a few centimeters between the coordinates obtained from the terrestrial and the GPS/GNSS techniques. Furthermore, the developed robust criteria verified the compatibility of the results. It is clear that the GPS/GNSS based methods achieve high accurate output in real time and are well-matched with surveying standards in Turkey. In addition, the robust criteria appear to be a fast, effective and objective method to compare the results, especially for the height component. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article presents new evidence based on unpublished buyer surveys and real estate agent and broker surveys supporting the consensus in the published literature that real estate markets are informationally efficient. This evidence is drawn from expert reports submitted in litigation involving claims that contamination caused property value diminution, and presents a new hedonic regression model of residential sales prices that includes as an independent variable the state of knowledge of the buyer regarding a contamination event. In this model the state of knowledge of the buyer has no statistically significant effect on the sales price. The article also discusses standards for the use of buyer and agent/broker surveys in litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the developments related to Indiana real property law. It summarizes the decisions of some relevant cases decided by the Indiana appellate court cases in the period October 2011-September 2012. Topics include right of first refusal in case of the passing of the transferor, prohibition by Indiana Code sections for a trial judge to rely upon prior surveys, and annexation.

The article focuses on the recent activities of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) as of December 2009. It notes that while the Interior Department manages about one-fifth of the land in the country, over half of such is supervised by the BLM. Projects of BLM that are said to have enhanced the Public Lands Survey System (PLSS) include the publication of the document "Manual of Surveying Instructions," the creation of the BLM Cadastrial Indian Program and development of the Standards for Boundary Evidence.

This Article presents the results of a survey of law professors designed to reveal the contemporary approach to the first-year Property course required in American law schools. The Article also reviews surveys of practicing attorneys as to the relevance of their law school education on their practice experience. As a result of these surveys, the Real Property, Trust & Estate Law Section of the American Bar Association has proposed five recommendations to improve the quality of real property law education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the research value of author Henry David Thoreau's land survey "field-notes." The author argues that the notebooks provide insight into Thoreau's psychology and work habits, and that Thoreau desired to turn his employment into an occupation of higher purpose. Examples of this include his measurement of the North Star's location in the night sky, the measurements of Walden Pond, and the ecological concerns expressed in his land survey work.

This article reports on land surveys done by author Henry David Thoreau archived in the Concord Free Public Library in Concord, Massachusetts. The author suggests that the survey manuscripts are worthy of literary interpretation and should be used to complement research on Thoreau's literary work. The author offers examples from the archive of surveys and draws comparisons to extracts from Thoreau's published work and journals.

In this exploratory study the beliefs of property owners in Cary, NC, were assessed regarding issues associated with a proposed greenway trail development within a quarter mile of their primary residence. The relationships of those beliefs to the individual's attitude regarding proposed development near their primary residence were then evaluated. Belief dimensions investigated in this study were identified through a review of the trail and greenway literature and incorporated affective, behavioral, and cognitive measures consistent with tripartite attitude theory. This investigation of the beliefs underlying attitudes was undertaken to better understand the factors which negatively influence neighboring landowners' perceptions of greenway trail development. Further analysis was conducted which compared adjacent (shared property boundary) to nearby (located within one quarter mile) property owner beliefs and attitudes. Consistent with previous research, all six belief dimensions (i.e., future property value, property damage, landowner liability, privacy, trespassing and crime) were significantly related to neighboring landowners' overall attitudes toward proposed greenway trail development. Additionally, adjacent landowners were less supportive in their attitudes towards the proposed greenway trail than were nearby landowners. The future property value dimension was found to explain most of the variance in global attitude toward greenway trail development. These results suggest that agencies developing greenway trails should take steps to raise awareness of neighboring landowners regarding proposed projects and potential issues associated with living near greenway trails. Findings also indicate that the greenway trail planning process should include neighboring landowners so that their concerns may be voiced and properly addressed. Greenway planners may want to treat adjacent and nearby property owners as separate constituencies since attitudes varied greatly between the two groups. An educational strategy should be developed for adjacent landowners in order to raise awareness of planned development, to provide accurate information, and to address concerns. Other implications for planners and researchers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadastral elaboration is made based on data collected and processed from cadastral surveying, and before it becomes official the procedure of cadastral survey put on the public opinion must be done with simultaneously establishing new or renewal of land registry. This text is describing the procedure of cadastral survey put on the public opinion from the view of cadastral staff committee, reviewing obtained experience and problems that came through the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of simultaneous conveyances is a familiar one to surveyors. Simultaneous conveyances of property can result from conveyance from a platted subdivision, division of heirship property, or the surveys of the United States rectangular survey. The "apportionment rule" is frequently seen as a general method for distributing excess or deficiency in simultaneous conveyances. This paper reviews this general method and examines boundary cases involving simultaneous conveyances examined by the courts. While the apportionment rule has a place in boundary retracement, its application is limited. Thorough examination of the evidence on the ground as well as the evidence of record is conducted before the apportionment rule is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the effects of increasing integration of Internet-related technologies on buying behavior within the realty sector. The study is based on a sample of 135 Canadian and British property buyers. Its key findings include the increasing use of Internet in searching for realty-related information (in Canada to a greater extent); the continued relevance of gender and educational levels in predicting realty-related Internet usage; the importance of online service provision in lowering offline expectations; and the positive association between online realty experience and property buyer-realtor relationships.

This paper presents the results of an attitudinal survey of residential and commercial building users from three Chinese cities - Hong Kong, Shanghai and Taipei. The results have been obtained from a much larger survey, primarily involving the living and working standards in the three cities. Apart from the descriptive statistics showing the preferences of the user, inferential statistics also showed significant differences among the attitudes of citizens living in the three cities. The results could give insights to designers and developers on the improvement of building standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper show how is the cadastral of social property in Mexico, survey in the frame of the Certification Program of Ejidal Rights and Urban Plots Tilting, which has been done by application of high accuracy standards, contained in technical norms, that are agree with the actual requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a disastrous oversupply of office space in the late 1980s created a strong need for better methods for analyzing and forecasting office markets. This article examines the econometric forecasting models that have been developed. Substantial progress has been made in measuring and understanding office markets and in modeling office development decisions. The studies indicate that development of office space had been based on myopic expectations of market value, and this was a chief source of overbuilding, Practitioners are now aware of the cyclical nature of office markets, and have better information at their disposal than in the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a solution to the problem encountered by the Land Records Division of the Assessor's office in Ada County, Idaho, concerning the geographic information system (Ada GIS). Annotation for metes-and-bounds parcels as the first effort in resolving the problem; Integration of the scanned surveys with the GIS; Process of moving from vector to raster maps; Conclusion.

Defines the manorial extent, highlighting its development as a form of manorial survey in England. Duties of extenders; Procedure for compiling an extent; Different sections of extents; Order of details in the formularies and specimen extents; Chronological comparison of manorial extents; Procedure for making a survey; Two versions of Extenta Manerii.

This article examines some of the economic, political, and social consequences of the rectangular land survey, which was born in the Land Ordinance of 1785. Over three-fourths of the area of the continental United States ultimately came under the rectangular survey. This was of large importance because it provided for easily recognized land descriptions, which in turn contributed enormously to the orderly and largely peaceful occupation of the land. The rectangular survey also provided the units within which economic, political, and social development took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. This paper develops and estimates a cross-sectional model of the commercial office market in which the building vacancy rate is a key factor in the determination of rents. Individual buildings in Greensboro, North Carolina are used as the unit of analysis and simultaneous equation procedures are employed to produce estimates of rent per square foot. The estimates confirm that the vacancy rate must be included when estimating the price of commercial office space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A change in market conditions can trigger a cyclical response in the housing market, a cycle in both prices and number of transactions. This is caused not only by production lags but also by the reactions of buyers and sellers. The fact that many buyers are also sellers, and vice versa, has a special effect on this cycle. In this paper a theory of this cycle in prices and transactions is developed and empirically tested. It is found that volume changes are much more closely related statistically to changes in market conditions than are price changes. A clear cycle is found in two of the four towns studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of recent developments in bargaining theory. we examine the bidding process for residential real estate. Within this game theoretic context, we consider whether the phenomenon of buyer's remorse is compatible with the rationality required of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the findings of a research done to find the impacts of aging population on land prices in Japan revealing variation among Japanese municipalities and prediction of a massive decrease in residential land price by 2040. It talks about the research approach which includes the theory of long-run portfolio choice and also discusses the comments given by the author, Somkiat Tangkitvanich on the findings, including bubble components in land prices and overestimation, among others.