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During the long nineteenth century, public and semi-public venues of urban recreation were spaces where people actively shaped local social order by reinforcing, challenging, and changing patterns of social in- and exclusion in terms of class, gender, ethnicity, and other axes of social difference. Over the last decades, historians have been able to demonstrate how these tactics and patterns of social in- and exclusion functioned by focusing on different types of urban recreation. This article argues that during the long nineteenth century, the cyclical rhythm of the seasons—and their regularly shifting contexts of space, environment, weather, temperature, light, and so on—played a crucial role in the ways in which people interacted in urban recreations. Urban society actually functioned differently and was, in important ways, defined by the rhythm of the seasons. The article focuses on indoor sites of winter recreation such as theaters, concert halls, cultural associations, and balls; on sites of summer recreation such as parks, zoos, and other open air recreations; and on the annual urban fairs in between in Amsterdam and The Hague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainable Earth Review is the property of Shahid Beheshti University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although previously close to extirpation in the southeastern United States, American black bear (Ursus americanus) abundance and distribution have increased with habitat management and harvest regulation. The north Georgia black bear population, the most abundant and widely distributed in the state, is currently being exposed to pressures from increasing anthropogenic disturbances, such as recreation and vehicle traffic. We evaluated the effects of environmental factors and anthropogenic activity on habitat use of black bears within a wildlife management area open to public recreation. We used detection/non‐detection data from camera surveys conducted at 448 locations from April to December 2023 to fit hierarchical single‐species occupancy models. Black bear detection was best explained by Julian date, its quadratic effect, and weekly human activity index. Detection increased through the spring, peaked in June, and declined throughout late summer and fall. In contrast to detection, occupancy was not affected by seasonal differences in black bear activity. Occupancy increased with increasing elevation, distance to water, and distance to high‐use recreation areas. The spatial distribution of food resources likely contributed to the observed black bear occupancy pattern related to elevation and distance to water, while human disturbance in the study area also influenced black bear occupancy. Thus, our results suggest that in a landscape open to public recreation, black bear occupancy was driven by a combination of environmental and anthropogenic factors. Identifying patterns of occupancy at a scale typical of management provides important information for managing black bear populations throughout the large, connected network of national forests in the Appalachian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This review examines the literature to determine whether physical design features of psychiatric facilities can help reduce aggressive behaviours in an adult patient population. Methods: Using PRISMA's methodology, we conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed primary studies on the physical design features and aggressive behaviours in psychiatric facilities. The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results: A total of eight studies were identified. The findings revealed underlying themes in physical design efforts to reduce the incidences of aggressive behaviours, which included changes in structural design (e.g. single rooms; visiting/living/recreational areas; views of outdoors/nature; and uncrowded spaces) and changes in interior design (e.g. art and home-like/comforting environment). There were varying measures of patient aggression. Conclusions: There was mixed evidence that superficial or structural design changes to psychiatric wards reduced patient aggression. Some studies found reduced aggression; others found no changes, while one study found increased aggression following the implementation of physical design changes. The methodological limitations of the available studies made it difficult to draw causative links and further research on the topic is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban green space (UGS), diverse acoustic resources are essential for enhancing the public's well-being, as different sound sources can bring distinct auditory experiences. However, there is a lack of research on the sources-based soundscapes diversity (SSD). In this study, we fill this gap by exploring the characteristics of SSD in different recreational areas of UGSs across three urban gradients in Fuzhou City, China. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between SSD, landscape elements (LEs), and landscape patterns (LPs) at various spatial scales. Our findings identified 53 types of sound sources, predominantly biological sound and anthrophony. The alpha and beta diversity indices effectively characterized SSD in UGSs and captured the differences in three levels of urbanization. Our results showed that urbanization gradients significantly impact soundscape diversity, especially in terms of animal sounds and mechanical sounds. For LEs, we found that trees play a crucial role in enhancing the diversity of animal and recreation sounds, whereas the proportion of buildings negatively correlates with animal sounds. Our analysis between LPs and SSDs revealed a strong correlation between the built environment (mainly roads) and lawn with traffic sound. In contrast, a higher percentage of forest land was associated with more animal sounds and fewer recreational and mechanical sounds. Characterizing urbanization gradients and the factors affecting SSD can be used to guide the development and enhancement of soundscapes in UGS. Highlights: The urban green space in different urban gradients and green space types have varying soundscape diversity characteristics. Urbanization mainly affects animal sounds and mechanical sounds. Trees play a crucial role in enhancing the diversity of animal and recreational sounds. Built environment (mainly roads) and lawn ratio significantly correlates with traffic sounds, while the percentage of forest land attracts more animal sounds and weakens recreational and mechanical sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic pressures are increasing in coastal ecosystems globally, yet identifying robust indicators of change and managing coastal resources can be complicated by phenotypic plasticity and differential life-history responses of key organisms. We illustrate this using biogeochemical and sandprawn (Kraussillichirus kraussi) response metrics along a human recreation gradient (trampling, sandprawn harvesting) in a South African lagoonal ecosystem. Benthic compaction, oxygen depletion and high porewater ammonia concentrations were associated with greatest recreation intensity. Sandprawn abundance was similar across the recreation gradient and body condition was counter-intuitively greater in areas with maximum recreation, but with higher frequencies of embryonic aberrations and arrested development. These findings suggest different vulnerabilities of life-history stages of sandprawns to recreation, with embryonic stages being highly susceptible. We suggest that embryonic aberrations and developmental changes in endobenthic crustaceans may be sensitive bioindicators of recreation-induced changes in sedimentary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Methods: In the United States, blacklegged Ixodes spp. ticks are the primary vector of Lyme disease. Minnesota is among the states with the highest reported incidence of Lyme disease, having an average of 1857 cases reported annually during 2011–2019. In contrast to the Northeast and mid‐Atlantic United States where exposure to ticks predominately occurs around the home, the circumstances regarding risk for exposure to blacklegged ticks in Minnesota are not well understood, and risk is thought to be highest in rural areas where people often participate in recreational activities (e.g. hiking, visiting cabins). We analysed enhanced surveillance data collected by the Minnesota Department of Health during 2011–2019 to describe epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease. Results: We found that younger age, male gender, residence in a county with lower Lyme disease risk, residence in the Minneapolis‐St. Paul metropolitan area, and an illness onset date later in the year were independently associated with higher odds of reporting tick exposures away from the home. We also describe the range of activities associated with tick exposure away from the home, including both recreational and occupational activities. Conclusions: These findings refine our understanding of Lyme disease risk in Minnesota and highlight the need for heterogeneous public health prevention messaging, including an increased focus on peridomestic prevention measures among older individuals living in high‐risk rural areas and recreational and occupational prevention measures among younger individuals living in the Minneapolis‐St. Paul metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature‐based tourism nets roughly 8 billion annual travelers globally to all regions of Earth, with many visiting around 200,000 formally protected areas. Financially well‐off tourists pay for playful activities and effects on wildlife are potentially large and relatively uncertain. Our commentary makes 3 points. First, variation in resource privileges and associated benefits characterizes not only humans but other species. Among animals, well‐nurtured populations engage in more playful and leisurely activities than do those nutritionally impoverished. Privilege depends partially on birth sites, parents, and local conditions, but for humans recreation expands with monetary advantage. Second, nature‐based tourism has 2 generalizable effects on wildlife, each involving degree of habituation. Among non‐habituated populations, local site abandonment is frequent and modulated by seasonality, individuals' physiological states, and whether recreation is motorized or not. For habituated populations, tolerance emerges to increasing recreational exposure with some populations of species learning to rely on humans to shield as a buffer against possible predation. Third, desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) offer a robust example of the issues surrounding the effects of tourism on wildlife because of the geographically complicated relationship between recreational pursuit and wildlife on public lands of the western United States. While protected for decades, females have failed to habituate to different forms of recreation at certain sites. The result has been flight or site abandonment. Biodiversity protection at numerous scales has made strong gains but is still needed where progress is stymied by income disparities, privilege, and increasing recreation ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops a zonal random utility maximization (RUM) model of recreation demand from visitor counts and census data. In contrast, traditional RUM models of recreation demand use individual trip data collected through surveys. After demonstrating proof-of-concept with a Monte Carlo analysis, we apply the zonal RUM model to data on hunting and fishing trips. Our results confirm that the zonal model produces preference parameters and willingness-to-pay estimates close to those from the traditional model. The zonal RUM model provides a practical substitute to the traditional model in applications that lack access to individual data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atlanta, Georgia's (USA) proposed South River Forest (SRF) is a 3,500-acre area straddling southeast Atlanta and parts of neighboring DeKalb County that would include non-contiguous greenspace and developed land uses. Catalyzed by the 2017 Atlanta City Design process, the SRF concept recognizes the ecologically rich, urban forest patches in this predominantly African American part of the metro area. SRF advocates point to the climate and environmental equity benefits of green space conservation for underserved communities and the personal benefits of having wildland-like outdoor recreation areas within the city. To gauge public perceptions of the SRF, promoters conducted the South River Forest Consensus Building & Stakeholder Engagement process in 2022, which included an online survey querying respondents' interactions with and personal relationship to the SRF. The findings showed overwhelming support for the preservation effort; however, eighty percent of respondents identified as white and just nine percent as black. This composition contrasts sharply with most SRF neighborhoods, which question whether black ways of being in nature were captured by the engagement process. Our analysis also brings attention to an alternative, black-led vision for the area that was not reflected in the engagement process and the implications of this erasure for recognition justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being a UNESCO World Heritage site, Lijiang in China's mountainous southwest is not a renowned city in world history, yet there is no doubt that, after reading the works of Joseph Rock (1884–1962) and Peter Goullart (1901–1978), Ezra Pound perceived it as befitting such a status. Lijiang in Pound's Cantos becomes both an ideal construct of the poetic mind and a real, achievable paradiso terrestre. In this glorified hieratic landscape, Pound places his friends who introduced him to the Naxi people and culture: Rock and Goullart. While Rock's influence on Pound is clear to see in the published Cantos , to find Goullart's name we must read Pound's unpublished poetry drafts. By investigating Goullart's previously unstudied correspondence, this essay makes the case that Goullart played an equally important role in Pound's poetic construction of Lijiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Physical and social barriers have long hindered people with disabilities from full participation in outdoor recreation and nature experiences. As spending time in nature, where protected areas constitute an important arena for nature engagement, is increasingly connected to improved health and well-being, there is a need for nature activities and experiences in protected areas to become more accessible and inclusive. However, the provision of accessible protected areas for outdoor recreation and nature activities poses challenges for planners and managers of such areas, as there are elements of contradiction between interests of accessibility and nature conservation. This qualitative study examines how providers of nature experiences and outdoor activities, such as governmental authorities, outdoor recreation associations and nature-based tourism entrepreneurs in Sweden view and practice the balancing of these interests, through perspectives of the social construction of nature, inclusion, and collaboration. Findings indicate that interests in nature conservation generally take precedence over measures of accessibility and that such initiatives are directed to a few, designated areas. There is also an apparent lack of knowledge about how people with disabilities wish to engage with nature, which hinders full access to nature. It is therefore important to include people with disabilities in the process of developing accessibility in protected areas and promote collaboration between stakeholders, to avoid excluding decisions. The study concludes by stating the necessity to challenge the viewpoint of accessible infrastructure for outdoor activities in protected areas as 'ruining' the nature experience, in order for access to nature to become a truly democratic right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, recreation has become an increasingly important need for urban residents who lead fast and busy lives. Daily recreational activities and spaces enable citizens living in the dynamics of urban life to regain their physical and psychological health with short-term opportunities. In this context, the research questions of the study are: (a) defining the urban dweller's perspectives on the concept of recreation in today's world, (b) investigation whether the dominant recreational preference of the urban population has evolved from nature-based activities to the theme of shopping in the new world order, and (c) the behavioral tendencies of the urban population toward nature-based and shopping-based spaces. The main material of the study is the city of İzmir, and as a method, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 278 people living in the central district of İzmir. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the users prefer the spaces in the metropolitan areas for daily recreation activities. Also, they prefer spaces where they can perform nature-based activities, despite all the consumption-based opportunities in today's conditions. In line with the data obtained from the study, the daily space usage profile of the city of İzmir and its immediate surroundings was revealed, and applicable and sustainable suggestions were developed for improving daily recreation spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the spectral characteristics of two invasive plant species, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and Callery 'Bradford' pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne), in central Kentucky's recreational areas. Using a combination of spectrometer, satellite (National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP)) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data, this study investigated the correlation between leaf locations and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), as well as the impact of terrain features on vegetation indices. Significant variations in NDVI and normalized difference red-edge (NDRE) index values across study areas and leaf positions were observed. Terrain attributes, particularly slope and aspect direction, significantly influenced vegetative indices in one study site. Weak to moderate correlations were found between the spectrometer and UAV-derived NDVI and NDRE values. Additionally, the study highlighted the feasibility of upscaling UAV data for NAIP imagery comparison, reaffirming the superior accuracy of UAV imagery in assessing vegetation health. This integration of remote sensing techniques offers valuable insights into the spectral characteristics of invasive plants, essential for their effective mapping and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vandalism and environmental degradation pose challenges in natural recreation areas, prompting the need for interventions to promote environmental consciousness and nature appreciation. This study investigates the role of knowledge and perceived value in enhancing ecological experiences. A five-point Likert scale survey was distributed to 235 visitors at Djuanda Forest Park in Bandung, Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) was employed to analyze direct and indirect influences. The results demonstrate that enhancing ecological perceived value positively impacts visitors' interactions with nature. Moreover, increased actual knowledge regarding environmental degradation enhances the perceived value of outdoor recreation in natural settings. These findings highlight the importance of developing educational programs in natural recreation areas to support sustainable environmental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the historical distribution of haylofts in Slovakia, geographical conditions related to hay meadows with haylofts, and land cover changes of former hayloft localities. Moreover, the current state of preserved haylofts and the land use of their surrounding area were documented at a regional scale, during the field research. A map of the historical occurrence of haylofts was digitised based on the Czechoslovakian military topographic maps from 1952–1957 (1:25,000). Altogether, 9,742 haylofts were recorded. The haylofts were usually built in mountain and sub-mountain areas on places with low soil quality, mostly at higher elevations, on moderate or moderately steep slopes and in more distant and isolated areas. About half of former hayloft meadows now exist as meadows or pastures with different intensity of grassland management. Forest or shrubs already cover the other 38% of the sites. To a lesser extent, the areas have been converted into arable land or recreational areas. Only a few haylofts have survived to this day; for example, in Upper Liptov Region, it is only 1% of their former abundance in this area (48 haylofts). Apart from a few positive cases where they have been restored or preserved, those that have survived continue to decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Outdoor recreationists might intentionally or unintentionally disturb birds or other wildlife. To better understand the unintended disturbance by mountain hikers of golden eagle breeding sites in a Norwegian national park, we studied hikers' willingness to accept measures to reduce their disturbance. Most of the hikers indicated that they were willing to change behaviors to avoid disturbing wildlife (or eagle breeding). By investigating the basic values towards wildlife among the hikers (e.g., to what extent they prioritized human interests over those of wildlife), we showed that people who cared more for wildlife tended to accept stricter measures and were more willing to change their behaviors. If the hikers had known beforehand that they could disturb wildlife, it is likely that many would have avoided the trip in periods of eagle breeding. Yet, there were some differences depending on peoples' values. Having knowledge of peoples' wildlife value orientations is therefore useful when aiming to manage human–wildlife interactions more sustainably. Wildlife value orientations (WVOs) are useful for gaining knowledge about how humans' relationship to nature, wildlife, and management differs between groups in society. Our study investigated the level of acceptance for the implementation of measures to avoid the disturbance of golden eagles among hikers with different WVOs. Our results indicated differences between WVO typologies regarding how they assessed the consequences of outdoor recreation on nature and wildlife, as well as measures to manage human traffic. These findings contributed to confirming our hypotheses that peoples' WVOs have an impact on how people assess wildlife and the natural environment, and that WVOs affect the acceptance of management measures. This study concluded that identifying and studying visitors' WVOs contributes to understanding the underlying dimensions that influence peoples' attitudes and behavior. WVOs has not been studied in a Norwegian context previously, and this study contributes new knowledge that is useful for managing human–wildlife relations in more sustainable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a welcome message from the Department of Earth, Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Furman University to attendees of the 2024 Southeastern Division of the American Association of Geographers meeting in Greenville, South Carolina. It provides information about Furman University, the interdisciplinary faculty in the department, and the degrees offered. It highlights Greenville's location and accessibility, as well as its natural resources and protected areas. The text also mentions the history of Greenville as a mill town and its revitalization efforts, including the reclamation of the Reedy River. It discusses the development of the Swamp Rabbit Trail and the creation of Unity Park, which aims to redress historical injustice and serve as climate- and flood-resilient green infrastructure. The text acknowledges concerns about gentrification and displacement in Greenville and the efforts to incorporate public art and remember the city's history. It concludes by mentioning the comprehensive plans and sustainability initiatives in Greenville and the range of field trips and activities available to conference attendees. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose. To determine the safe parameters of the recreational zones created in the residual space of the quarry taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of waste rocks in a watered state. Methodology. The Bishop Simplified Method is used to determine the influence of the irrigation level of the residual quarry space on the stability of the embankment from different types of mining rocks when creating a recreational area during reclamation works. Findings. The safe parameters of recreational areas during their construction in the watered residual space of the quarry were established taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of embankments made of sand, loam, and crushed rock by determining the stability of their slopes. The obtained results are necessary for the implementation of project works on the development of technological schemes for the reclamation of the residual spaces of construction materials quarry for the recreational direction of post-mining. Originality. The influence of the height of the rock embankment formation on the stable angle of inclination of the watered slope was established, which allowed determining that with an increase in the aggregates embankment height from 20 to 80 m, the safe angle of the slope will decrease from 46 to 26°. It was determined that the lowest FOS indicator is 0.57 when using sand rocks for an embankment height of 80 m at a water content of 40 %. It was established that with partial flooding of the rock embankment by 45–50 % for sandy, loamy and rocky rocks, there is a significant decrease in the coefficient of the reserve of stability by 1.4– 1.5 times, in contrast to the absence of water or complete flooding, which confirms the negative impact of partial flooding of embankments and reducing the stability of their slopes. Practical value. It was determined that when forming an embankment 20 m high from loamy rocks, the volume of reclamation works will be 1.34 times less compared to sandy rocks, but 1.02 times larger than rocky rocks. When the height of the embankment increases to 80 m, the volume of reclamation works when replacing loam with sand will increase to 1.87 and 1.12 times when using crushed stone. However, taking into account the market value of materials, when using loam, the cost of construction will decrease by 2.5 times compared to sandy rocks and 3.2 times – to crushed stone, with an embankment height of 20 m. When the embankment height increases to 80 m, the cost of materials will increase by 3.5 and 3.8 times when loamy rocks are replaced by sand or crushed stone, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze the temporal variability in water levels of Lake Mégantic (27.4 km2) during the period 1920–2020 in relation to anthropogenic and natural factors on the one hand, and its impact on the intensity and frequency of heavy flooding (recurring floods ≥ 10 years) of the Chaudière River of which it is the source, on the other hand. The application of four different Mann–Kendall tests showed a significant decrease in lake water levels during this period. The Lombard test revealed two breaks in the average daily maximum and average water levels, but only one break in the average daily minimum water levels. The first shift, which was smoothed, occurred between 1957 and 1963. It was caused by the demolition in 1956 of the first dam built in 1893 and the significant storage of water in the dams built upstream of the lake between 1956 and 1975. The second shift, which was rather abrupt, occurred between 1990 and 1993. It was caused by the voluntary and controlled lowering of the lake's water levels in 1993 to increase the surface area of the beaches for recreational purposes. However, despite this influence of anthropogenic factors on this drop in water levels, they are negatively correlated with the global warming climate index. It is therefore a covariation, due to anthropogenic factors whose impacts are exerted at different spatial scales, without a physical causal link. However, the winter daily minimum water levels, whose temporal variability has not been influenced by anthropogenic activities, are positively correlated with the NAO and AO indices, but negatively with PDO. Finally, since the transformation of Lake Mégantic into a reservoir following the construction of the Mégantic dam in 1893 and 1973 to control heavy flooding in the Chaudière River, all recurrent floods ≥ 10 years have completely disappeared in the section of this river located downstream of Lake Mégantic. However, the disappearance of these floods and the drop in water levels of Lake Mégantic have not significantly impacted the stationarity in the flow series of the Chaudière River since 1920. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of population, wealth, and increased demand for beach holidays, in parallel with climate change, have made coastal ecosystems the most vulnerable on the planet and require developing a well-thought-out plan for their sustainable management. The aim of this study is to investigate the state of coastal ecosystems of semi-desert zones, to identify the main factors of the destructive impact of anthropogenic load on these systems, as well as to predict the development of the situation at the local and regional levels and to develop preventive measures to mitigate existing risks. The study was conducted using Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS 10.5.1 software tools. In the research, the ecological state of natural coastal systems in the regions of semi-desert landscape was analyzed, and the dynamics of destructive consequences of the destruction of natural complexes depending on various factors of influence was presented, optimal and real for implementation measures for sustainable management of specific landscape complexes were developed to reduce the negative anthropogenic impact on the state of coastal ecosystems and public health, as well as to improve the overall environmental situation in the region. In addition, the possibilities of applying modern management and technological measures to minimize the load on the natural system, based on the synergy of environmental safety and economic efficiency, with the introduction of modern innovative control systems and monitoring environmental pollution have been studied. The results of the study have significant practical significance for the development and modernization of the system of sustainable management of natural complexes at the national and regional levels, creation of vector programs of preventive actions, as well as can be used as an effective tool for further analysis of the risks of negative consequences of anthropogenic impact on the balance in coastal ecosystems, biodiversity, and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public right of access, everyman's or everyone's right, freedom to roam, right of public access to the wilderness and the right to roam are terms used for concepts that give people an independent right of access to forest land and rural areas for recreational or passage purposes. Access is not a self-evident right nor are the practices in different countries resolved alike. In this paper, we review how the public right of access is resolved in different countries, with a focus on cases in Sweden and Finland. We highlight problems that arise when the right of access enables extensive use of the land by the public and may make everyone's right prone to features related to the tragedy of the commons. We find that the code regarding public access depends largely on cultural, historical, and political differences and thus has no international or unambiguous definition as to what it includes or should include. The concept has worked considerably well throughout time but, as the original reasons for the right have waned and recreational use and demand have increased, the question has been raised whether everyone's right should be redefined to prevent complications between users and landowners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, the best known are species of digenetic trematodes and cestodes. Nematodes of this bird species are not well known. Black-headed gulls, due to their varied diet, migration, life in a flock, and changes of habitat, can become infected with various species of helminths, and like synanthropic birds, they can spread the dispersal stages of parasites across urban and recreational areas. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the helminth fauna of C. ridibundus from breeding colonies in north-central Poland. The aim of the study was to describe the taxonomic structure of parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull and determine the quantitative parameters of their occurrence. A total of 43 black-headed gulls were examined post-mortem for gastrointestinal helminths, resulting in the identification of four cestodes (Paricterotaenia porosa, Lateriporus clerci, Anomotaenia micracantha, and Wardium fusum), three trematodes (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Plagiorchis laricola, and Apophallus muehlingi), and three nematodes (Eucoleus contortus, Cosmocephalus obvelatus, and Porrocaecum ensicaudatum). Lateriporus clerci (in adult form), C. obvelatus and P. ensicaudatum (in larval form) were recorded for the first time in the black-headed gull in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing pressure from society on naturally valuable areas means that the entities managing these areas are obliged to implement sustainable development plans that, on the one hand, ensure the preservation of natural values, and on the other hand, meet the needs of local communities and tourists in relation to various forms of recreation. Choosing the optimal strategy for managing naturally valuable areas (e.g. zoning or channeling human traffic) and educating the public to minimize the impact on the ecosystem requires access to objective data. While knowledge about the natural resources of protected areas is extensive and constantly updated, and the dynamics of various processes are monitored, information about the societal mobility in natural areas is rare. In some Polish national parks, permanent traffic monitoring is also absent. An example of such a park is the Kampinos National Park (KPN), located near Poland’s largest city. It is estimated that around 1.5 million people visit the park every year. Considering the estimated volume of recreational traffic in KPN and the lack of permanent on-ground monitoring, this study decided utilized available data from the STRAVA portal, covering the period from 2019‑2023, to determine: 1. The spatial distribution of activities by STRAVA users, categorised by activity type: walking, running, and cycling. 2. The traffic volume outside of the linear facilities designated for this purpose by the Director of the National park (marked hiking and cycling trails). All linear facilities (available and unavailable for tourist traffic) in the KPN area, as recorded in the OpenStreetMap (OSM) database, were analyzed. The data provided by STRAVA was analyzed in detail on an annual basis, broken down by type of activity(running, walking, cycling, electric bicycle). The analysis covered the years 2019‑2023. Maps showing the intensity of use of OSM segments were created, categorized into 10 deciles (deciles 1‑3 indicating low activity level, deciles 4‑6 medium activity level, deciles 7‑9 high activity level, and decile 10 the highest activity level). Daily activity density was also calculated for each basic field activity taking place outside the designated linear objects. Density was calculated using the following formula: Sum (number of activities x object length)/(sum (object lengths) x number of days in the analysis period). The quantification of linear objects in terms of intensity of use showed that, regardless of activity type (walking, running, cycling), the most intensively used linear objects in the park are located in the eastern part bordering the capital, Warsaw. The highest level of activity (10th decile, i.e. the number of activities in the range 15061‑88305) were recorded on 839 linear objects, 4.9% of which were not open to traffic. Spatial patterns differed among cyclists, walkers and runners. Activities such as walking or running were registered by STRAVA users on 90.6% of the linear objects in the OSM database. No unavailable linear object was used at the highest activity level. Overall, the highest activity level (9481‑13080 activities) was recorded on only 57 linear objects. Cycling was recorded on 96.8% of all OSM linear objects entered into the OSM database. The highest activity (12541‑82275 activities) was recorded on 4.6% of them (37 linear objects). It is clear that STRAVA users in KPN recorded cycling activities much more frequently than walking or running. This paper presents the possibility of using STRAVA data to map the spatial distribution of traffic on linear objects in KPN. An activity intensity map developed based on actual data on the use of individual facilities can be an important element in supporting decisions related to public access to the park. In the future, quantitative data should be complemented by qualitative research that completes the knowledge of the factors determining the selection of park areas for recreational purposes, the reasons for migration from designated facilities, and societal expectations regarding the development of the recreational park while considering nature conservation. Further work should also focus on creating a model that explains the relationship between STRAVA data volumes and actual use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green and recreational spaces are important for residents and one of the foundations for the functioning of cities. They offer numerous benefits, including the influence on the price of real estate as an economic benefit. In this paper, the influence of green and recreational areas in Zagreb on the price of apartments in residential buildings is analysed using the hedonic pricing model. The data for the study was processed and analysed using a geographic information system. A local hedonic price model was developed. The results show that some of the observed green and recreational areas increase the price of housing due to their proximity, while others decrease it. Some areas have no influence on the price of housing. The influence of the observed areas on housing prices was heterogeneous. Spatial differences were also found in the influence of the observed areas on housing prices. The most attractive factors when choosing a place to live are Jarun and the parks in the city centre. The price of apartments that near the Jarun increases by 41 EUR/m2 if the apartment is 100 m closer to the Jarun. The price of the apartment increases by 91 EUR/m2 the closer the apartment is to the parks in the city centre (per 100 m). Apartments near Jarun and the parks in the city centre are not available for residents with lower socio-economic status. The forest areas, Maksimir Park and the banks of the Sava river are not favoured when choosing a place to live. Neighbourhoods near these areas are available to the lower socioeconomic status population. Bundek raises the price of one part of the apartments and lowers the price of the other. The results of this study can contribute to the study of green gentrification in Zagreb, but further research is needed on socio-economic indicators and other changes in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open-access policies for coastal recreation areas in France can negatively impact landscape quality and lead to crowding. Our main objective is to simulate the effects of using public policies to regulate access to these sites. We estimate a repeated random utility model to explain the choice of participating and visiting coastal sites with a congestion variable. Since congestion is a result of a Nash equilibrium and is likely to be endogenous, an instrumental variable approach is used to both estimate congestion at the visitation equilibrium and control for its endogeneity. We use data from a survey of visitors to 43 coastal sites in western France (Brittany). When congestion is instrumented, it becomes a deterrent attribute in the choice of visiting a coastal area. We then simulate alternative access management policies and find that a mix of parking fees and increased walking distances at site entrances have the greatest effect on reducing congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainforests, as invaluable natural resources, play a pivotal role globally, offering many ecosystem services such as recreation. This study aims to quantify the value of Brunei's rainforest assets (specifically recreational areas and national parks) utilizing the Travel Cost Method (TCM), a prevalent approach for ascertaining the worth of natural sites. The tourism use of Brunei's rainforests holds a high value, estimated at over $300,000 USD per square kilometer, which supports the argument for resource allocation towards their protection not only for ecological reasons but also for their recreational benefits. The authors posit that nature-based ecotourism can be a sustainable and protective mechanism for tropical rainforests. Practical recommendations for ecotourism include a minimalist approach to visitor regulation, limiting access to a small percentage of large recreational areas and national parks to protect flora and fauna, and possibly implementing entry or service fees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolling is a natural behavior of equids that is beneficial to their well-being. However, more intensive domestic environments offer fewer opportunities for animals to roll, neglecting its importance. We believe that the inclusion of recreational areas for animals, containing substrates and conditions that encourage the occurrence of natural behaviors, is essential to promote their well-being. Therefore, we evaluated the preference of horses (Equus caballus; n = 8) and mules (E. asinus x E. caballus; n = 8) for different rolling substrates (sand, grass, manure), and the influence of this behavior on thermoregulation after exercise. Horses rolled preferentially on grass, whereas mules preferred sand, both of which were cooler substrates when compared to manure. In addition, the temperature of the animals significantly reduced after rolling. Thus, horses and mules must roll for thermoregulation after exercise, choosing cooler and more efficient substrates for heat dissipation. The differences in preferences between mules and horses showed particularities between the equine species and its hybrid, which is important for management that is focused more on the individual animal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]