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Background: Global forced displacement has been rising steeply since 2015 as a result of wars and human rights abuses. Forcibly displaced people are often exposed to physical and mental strain, which can cause traumatic experiences and poor mental health. Physical activity has been linked with better mental health, although such evidence is scarce among those populations. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships of self-reported physical activity and fitness with mental health indices among people residing in a refugee camp in Greece as asylum seekers. Methods: Participants were 151 individuals (76 women, 75 men; mean age 28.90 y) displaced from their homes for an average of 32.03 months. Among them, 67% were from Afghanistan and countries from southwest Asia, and 33% from sub-Saharan African countries. Participants completed self-report measures assessing physical activity, fitness, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and well-being. Results: High prevalence of mental health disorder symptoms and poor well-being were identified, with women and Asians showing poorer mental health. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety were related to perceived fitness, but not to self-reported physical activity. Regression analysis showed that perceived fitness (β: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.52) and low-intensity physical activity (β: 0.24; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.009) significantly positively predicted well-being, showing small to medium effect. Conclusions: The findings provide useful insights regarding the link between physical activity and well-being; nevertheless, further research examining objectively measured physical activity is warranted to complement these data and further explore the associations between physical activity and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Palestinian refugeeness to argue for a more complex understanding of refugee subjectivity. The subjectivities of Palestinian refugees – and especially of those from the refugee camps – have been informed by their participation in national politics. Therefore, Palestinian refugees, while embodying experiences of violence, displacement and exclusion much like other refugee communities, have also been emphatically seen through their political agencies. In this article, I aim to complicate the emphasis on political subjectivity and explore Palestinian refugee subjectivity as complex, multidimensional, and contradictory. By narrating ethnographic encounters with two of my interlocutors, I demonstrate that subjectivities emerge not only from their politicized position as Palestinian refugees nor from the camp spaces they dwell in but from their complex and mundane relationalities that are neither static nor coherent. By emphasizing this fluid complexity, the aim is to acknowledge refugee subjectivities as multidimensional and fragile formations imbued with internal tensions that emerge from multiple and contradictory desires and from a sense of self that is not reducible to refugeeness. Las prácticas fronterizas geopolíticas afectan no sólo a los migrantesy refugiados, sino también a los animales, al medio ambiente y a lascomunidades indígenas. Pero las fronteras metafóricas tambiénexisten en el interior y se imponen a todos. Estas incluyen fronteras emocionales, psíquicas y culturales que limitan las libertades. Esteartículo examina las solidaridades potenciales y las políticasmultiescalar para construir una praxis abolicionista arraigada enesta noción expansiva de fronteras y nuestras luchas colectivas paracruzarlas o abolirlas por completo. Examina la exposición de arteBorderXerde la artista estadounidense Patricia Vázquez Gómez, expuesta porprimera vez en Portland, Oregón, EE. UU., en 2019, para desarrollarun análisis geográfico de los "borderXers" (cruza-fronteras)que operan a escalas que van desde la carne y cuerpo, la comunidad, yhasta lo transnacional. La artista utiliza material fotográfico,instalación, texto y de video para conectar las propias experienciasdel público sobre las fronteras impuestas en sus cuerpos y psiquescon las geografías materiales de las zonas fronterizas entre EstadosUnidos y México. Estas fronteras limitan tanto la libertad demovimiento como la libertad de estar en relación y comunidad con losdemás. Estas obras perturban las nociones de dominio de fronteras yrevelan posibilidades para rehacer las relacionalidades fronterizasexcluyentes. Sostengo que la estética de la exposición desarrollauna perspectiva abolicionista sobre las fronteras que excede losllamados explícitos del artista a "fronteras abiertas". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries that lack the resources and/or political will to settle and integrate refugees among citizens pursue refugee encampment. At the heart of encampment is the categorization of populations according to the sedentarist dictates of the nation-state governance framework. As people who are categorized as de-territorialized bodies, refugees are subject to a peculiar form of governance which is sustained by ubiquity of refugee encampment around the world. This is the case whether in the Global South, where encampment has featured in refugee hosting for decades or in the Global North, where growing numbers of refugees in recent years have led to re-introduction of camps epitomized by anchor facilities, among others. This article argues that refugee encampment is underpinned by categorization, which separates refugees from other migrants as well as the displaced from the emplaced. Despite encampment's separation of refugees from citizens in line with the sedentarist inclinations of the nation-state, encampment in protracted situations has morphed into permanent settlements leading to informal and unofficial re-territorialization through refugee activities that challenge the logic of encampment. This and refugees' self-initiated relocation to spaces outside the camps have blurred the line between the displaced and the emplaced, thus demonstrating how refugees mediate the intended outcomes of migration categorizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the experiences of forced displacement in Cold-War Greece and the challenges faced by those in unfamiliar environments. The author argues that studying the ecologies of displacement can offer insights into climate adaptation and mitigation. Specifically, the article focuses on the exile of individuals to Greek islands during the mid-twentieth century and how they utilized non-human elements of nature to resist and survive their displacement. The author emphasizes the significance of recognizing the diverse aspects of these ecologies and their potential relevance in navigating climate change. The text highlights the resourcefulness of women exiles on Trikeri island, who used plants and natural materials for various purposes, such as creating bedding, utensils, and gifts. These acts of utilizing plants for survival and resistance demonstrate the collective strength, resilience, and dignity of these women. The text also underscores the importance of understanding the relationships between displaced communities and their environment, as they can serve as models for resilience in the face of climate change-induced inequality. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Globally, teenage pregnancy is a public health problem. Low- and middle-income countries in the Sub-Saharan region are more affected with teenage pregnancy. It is worse with teenage girls who have other vulnerabilities like living in refugee camps. However, there is little information about teenage pregnancy in refugee camps especially in resource limited areas like Northern Uganda. Objective: To determine the prevalence and the factors associated with teenage pregnancy among refugees in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement in Northern Uganda. The study estimated a total sample size of 316 teenage girls and they were sampled using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using researcher administered questionnaire. Conditional logistics regression was employed to identify the associated factors for teenage pregnancy. Results: A total of 306 teenagers participated in the study with a response rate of 98.6%. The study showed that the prevalence of teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement, Northern Uganda was 41.2%. The factors associated with teenage pregnancy among teenage girls in Palabek refugee settlement included: being in the 15–19 years age group (AOR = 6.3, 95%CI: 1.8–22.8), not being in school (AOR = 5, 95%CI: 2.3–10.9), not being married (AOR = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1–0.5), delayed sexual debut (AOR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1–5.5), having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), alcohol use (AOR = 6.7, 95%CI: 2.2–18.4), being aware of sexual reproductive health services (AOR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2–0.9), and having divorced families (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9). Conclusion: Study results reveal that 4 in 10 teenage girls in Palabek, Northern Uganda, are pregnant, influenced by individual, community, and health system factors. This highlights vulnerabilities in refugee camps, urging prioritization of sexual and reproductive health for adolescent girls in refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“: Home” is both a physical location and a space of important emotional and social attachments. Often associated with safety and familiarity, homes are also places where power inequalities may be reinforced. Contrary to human rights treaties stipulating the right of refugees to live in shelters that meet their basic needs, adolescent refugees in Jordan often reside in poor-quality housing within built environments that do not foster their wellbeing. Yet despite a burgeoning literature on refugee “homemaking”, little is known about how young refugees in Jordan perceive and respond to challenges in the built environment. This article addresses this knowledge gap, focusing on how gender norms are configured within “homemaking” practices. It draws on qualitative interviews with 31 adolescents in diverse locations: Syrians living in a formal refugee camp (Azraq), host communities, and informal tented settlements, and Palestinians without citizenship living in Jerash camp. Our findings show that refugee adolescents in Jordan face intersecting challenges, including poor access to services, inadequate housing infrastructure and sanitation, and safety concerns. These challenges vary based on location and are shaped by gender norms that influence access to spaces both inside and outside the household. Although adaptation methods can make homes more livable in terms of safety, aesthetics and practicality, these adaptations often reinforce gender norms that restrict girls’ mobility. This article concludes by underscoring that although refugees can make small changes to address immediate needs, structural responses which address gender inequalities and improve social protection support are essential to improving young refugees’ lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the activism and care work of Rohingya women in displacement settings, focusing on grassroots efforts in Cox’s Bazar refugee camps and transnational advocacy by diaspora activists. Drawing on 43 in-depth interviews and applying a feminist ethics of care framework, we argue that these women's activism constitutes a form of radical care that challenges both neoliberal humanitarian practices and repressive state policies. Rohingya women activists forge networks of solidarity and empowerment that extend beyond conventional humanitarian interventions, providing emotional support and shared experiences that contribute to the social ecology of care for refugee women. Their grassroots work contests the neoliberal emphasis on individual self-reliance, instead highlighting the vital role of relational care in fostering collective resilience. However, these activists face significant risks from multiple sources, including state repression, community backlash, and online harassment. They employ strategies such as ‘strategic invisibility’ and digital activism to navigate these dangers. Despite the transformative potential of their work, it remains systematically undervalued, leaving activists vulnerable to burnout and depletion. By centering the experiences and agency of Rohingya women, this study reveals a complex landscape of resistance, care, and empowerment, offering insights into how refugee women create change amidst intersecting forms of oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges and access to SRH services among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in two Nigerian states: Benue (North-central) and Kaduna (Northwest). The research focuses on understanding how different contexts and variation in the management of displacement in these contexts influence SRH outcomes for IDPs and use of SRH services within and outside camp settings. We conducted face-to-face survey interviews with 581 sexually active IDPs residing in camps for at least 6 months. The questionnaire covered contraception, gender-based violence, sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, and SRH service utilization. Our findings reveal significant contextual differences between the two states. Benue reported higher rates of transactional sex, while Kaduna had higher rates of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use. SRH service use was generally higher in Benue than in Kaduna. We found statistically higher odds of SRH service use one camp in Benue (β = 2.7; p < 0.001) and significantly lower odds in a camp in Kaduna ((β = 0.1; p < 0.001) in comparison with a camp in Benue. By showing how different approaches may shape displaced persons' access to SRH services within and outside camps, our study highlights the importance of understanding the nuances in humanitarian contexts in designing responses. This study provides valuable insights into the SRH needs and experiences of IDPs in different Nigerian contexts, informing targeted interventions and policies to improve service provision for displaced populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the development of a human-centered shelter design tailored to meet the specific needs of refugees in the Al-Sahel Region. It focuses on five essential aspects of humanitarian-centered design. The goal is to create a livable unit that accommodates the three distinct phases of an emergency, transitional, and durable situation. We have adopted a non-linear design approach to develop the refugee shelter unit. We engage in discussions with team experts following each data collection phase. The conceptual design of the shelter unit is intended to align with the refugee settlement's natural growth while maintaining a degree of control over its evolution. We have outlined a spatial configuration for a residential unit designed for three to six individuals and various patio options. Additionally, we have devised plans for an education and healthcare facility, all designed with the same structure to bring a more organized approach to the organic growth of the camp. The design proposal adopts a process-oriented approach, incorporating refugees indirectly in the design and construction of their shelters. While we do not assert that the framework of a 'refugee camp' can be sustainable, our goal is to show that its planning, in the absence of alternatives, should adhere to sustainability criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict and displacement are gendered processes which impact women in refugee communities in various ways. The following case study, in a small refugee camp in Chennai, explores whether the design of a small refugee camp allows for increased mobility among women and a different position for female refugees in the community. Findings from a two-year long study, including participant observations, FGDs and interviews, show that Rohingya women gained social mobility by accessing schools, market places, health centers and the police station outside the camp. Through such interactions, women gained skills and knowledge which somewhat altered their position in the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the role that communication and media interventions can play in fostering social cohesion among displaced populations in camp settings through a review of both practical and theoretical notions in this area. The multiple definitions available in the literature on social cohesion do not come to a consensus on what this concept means. Yet, despite this lack of substance, reflecting on social cohesion in contexts of displacement has been a prevalent topic. Horizontal social cohesion, which is critical in protracted situations of encampment, is defined by UNHCR as the bond that 'hold(s) people together within a community'. While a number of studies have focused on the social connection between host and displaced people, scarce attention has been paid to the dynamics and social fractures among displaced communities themselves. Yet, tensions both within and between groups of displaced people may be equally, if not more important to social cohesion than relationships with other groups. In order to begin to address this gap, a communication-based framework for humanitarian and development work on social cohesion in refugee camps is presented. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to offer a starting point for humanitarian agencies working in refugee camps to articulate the adoption of a communication-driven approach in their social cohesion programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The localization of humanitarian operations is commonly characterized as a return of ownership to local and national actors. Localization policies in Kenya have made refugee‐led community‐based organizations a viable alternative for humanitarian provisioning. Simultaneously, localization facilitated the ongoing enlargement of the Kenyan state into refugee management. Incidentally, the Kenyan state has introduced limitations on community‐based organizations’ international funding and registration through a verification process. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic research in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, this article explores how community‐based organizations mediate Kenyan state control through verification. The article develops the concept of “stateness” to examine how refugee actors claim legitimacy as a state function. Stateness is generated by members of community‐based organizations through practices involving fellow refugees and Kenyan state actors. Using stateness, this article seeks to draw attention to how refugees can become a part of wider state apparatus and shape how the state is constituted within the camp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the new ethical guidance for conducting research involving refugee populations, emphasizing the need for special protections akin to those for other vulnerable groups. Topics discussed include the unique trauma and vulnerabilities of refugees, strategies for ensuring informed consent while minimizing harm, and the importance of involving the refugee community in the research process.

Mourning the murder of Nahel Merzouk by the French police and the drowning of 750 human beings by the Greek coastguard's recklessness, we argue that the erosion of human rights at the EU's external borders is being co-constituted by an analogous erosion within its internal borders. To establish this connection, we re-conceptualise the EUropean b/ordering regime as a network of fractal borderscapes characterised by a selective criminalisation of mobility that reproduces longstanding racist prejudice along socio-spatial borderlines. We argue that the proliferation of these spaces of exception is degenerating into a state of exception: a polity's self-destructive tendency to replace the rule of law for legalised despotism. Such autoimmune reaction, we claim, is rooted in borderism: a spectacle that misshapes geography into spurious antagonisms epitomised by national and civilisational dichotomies ("friends" and "foes"), thus creating a hyperreality that breeds racism, spatialises apartheid and exacerbates animosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the multiple ways in which the lives of urban refugees are impacted by the presence of refugee camps. It builds on a growing body of literature on the urban refugee experience that recognizes the agency exercised in the rejection of the camp. But it also demonstrates how, in countries with an encampment policy, the presence of camps can limit urban refugees' mobility and their ability to take advantage of all that urban life has to offer. It also highlights the consequences of the choice refugees must make between receiving humanitarian aid in a camp and living unassisted in an urban area. The paper draws on qualitative interviews with refugees in Ethiopia, Kenya and Jordan. It presents conclusions on the inadequacy of the international response, which fails to capitalize on the presence of displaced people in cities, to achieve the supposed policy goal of "self-reliance". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Summaries of Articles" from the journal "Environment & Urbanization" presents summaries of various research articles related to urban refugees, displacement, and urbanization in cities like Nairobi, Amman, Addis Ababa, and others. The articles explore topics such as the impact of refugee camps on urban refugees, self-reliance programming for refugees, urban protracted displacement, displacement economies, and the governance of internal displacement. The research articles provide insights into the challenges faced by displaced populations, the potential for durable solutions, and the complexities of urban displacement and placemaking. [Extracted from the article]

The editorial in the journal "Environment & Urbanization" discusses the need for a developmental approach to urban crises, particularly in situations of protracted displacement. It highlights the importance of recognizing the distinctions between refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) living in urban areas and the challenges they face. The editorial also emphasizes the need for a more rights-based approach, economic inclusion, recognition of agency, and adopting a spatial lens in responding to forced displacement in cities. The discussion focuses on the shift towards an "urban first" strategy and a world without camps, advocating for local initiatives and municipal-led responses to support displaced people in urban settings. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the ways in which forceful migration and humanitarian regulations in exile, have prompted redefinitions of gender roles and relations in Bellah families in the refugee camp of Abala, Niger. These include transformations in relations between the Bellah and their former masters, relations between Bellah men and women, and intergenerational relations between Bellah elders and children. The article proposes to view this development as a new sequence in the reformulations of the Bellah 's family structures, relations, and household economy that began under colonial rule. By probing these complex processes of changes in Bellah family relations, this article places, simultaneously, the empirical focus of a study of gender relations on men and women and elders and youth. It departs from and supplements accounts in gender studies that focus either only on women or men, or else on intergenerational tensions among elderly men and youth. The analysis draws its influence from studies that conceive of gender as the very process of structuring subjectivities and social positionalities through the performances of certain roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the representation of female emigrants in Romanian-language literature published between 2009 and 2017. It explores how global capitalism and patriarchy have impacted the position of women in the labor force, particularly focusing on the experiences of Romanian women who emigrated during this period. The authors analyze various novels written by postcommunist Romanian authors, which depict the struggles and sacrifices faced by these women as they navigate economic migration and separation from their families. While the novels often reinforce traditional gender roles and fail to critique capitalism directly, they also shed light on the complexity and precarity of women's experiences in the transnational labor market. [Extracted from the article]

While the association between migration and deteriorated refugee mental health is well-documented, existing research overwhelmingly centers on adult populations, leaving a discernible gap in our understanding of the factors influencing mental health for forcibly displaced children. This focus is particularly noteworthy considering the estimated 43.3 million children who are forcibly displaced globally. Little is known regarding the association between family processes, parental and child wellbeing for this population. This study addresses these gaps by examining the relationship between parental mental health and child mental health among refugees experiencing transmigration. We conducted in-person structured survey interviews with 120 parent-adolescent dyads living in the Trichy refugee camp in Tamil Nadu, India. Descriptive, multivariate analysis (hierarchical regression), and Machine Learning Algorithm (XGBOOST) were conducted to determine the best predictors and their importance for child depressive symptoms. The results confirm parental mental health and child behavioral and emotional factors are significant predictors of child depressive symptoms. While our linear model did not reveal a statistically significant association between child mental health and family functioning, results from XGBOOST highlight the substantial importance of family functioning in contributing to child depressive symptoms. The study's findings amplify the critical need for mental health resources for both parents and children, as well as parenting interventions inside refugee camps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In response to the global scope of forced displacement, international organizations highlight the need of scalable solutions to support individuals' health and integration into host societies. Exposure to high mental and physical stress perceived before, during, and after displacement can impair functional capabilities, essential for adapting to a new environment. This secondary analysis examined the impact of an exercise and sport intervention on cognitive function and pain severity among individuals living in a refugee camp in Greece. Methods: We implemented a randomized controlled trial involving n = 142 (52.8% women) forcibly displaced individuals from Southwest Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Participants were randomly assigned to a waitlist or a 10-week co-designed exercise and sport intervention with a 1:1 allocation rate between groups and sexes. Assessments at baseline and follow-up included the Flanker task, the Oddball paradigm, pain severity via visual analog scales, and the Åstrand-Rhyming indirect test of maximal oxygen uptake. We analyzed the intervention effects using structural equation modeling. Results: Our findings did not indicate a direct intervention effect on cognitive function or pain (p ≥.332). However, the intervention group significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness, ß =.17, p =.010, which was associated with faster reaction times in cognitive tasks, ß = −.22, p =.004. Moreover, there was some evidence that adherence might be linked to reduced pain severity, ß = −.14, p =.065. Conclusions: Exercise and sport did not directly impact cognitive function and pain severity among a sociodemographically diverse sample living in a refugee camp, suggesting the need for complementary measures. Nevertheless, our results indicate that improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness benefit aspects of attention. Trial registration: The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Thessaly (no. 39) and registered prospectively on February 8, 2021 at the ISRCTN registry (no. 16291983). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sahrawi refugees and the Sahrawi state‐in‐exile have sought to assert their claims to Western Sahara, Africa's last colony, while exiled in refugee camps in Algeria. Through an examination of the Sahrawi state's use of deferred natural resource contracts, this article explores Sahrawi political action prior to – and in anticipation of – the referendum on self‐determination. I suggest that Sahrawi‐led natural resource contracts operate as a technical financial device that constructs property and enables political action in the anticipation of sovereignty. Through these contracts, the state works to simultaneously produce both itself and its sovereignty. This article explores the new political and economic forms generated by these contracts, which subsequently create a political terrain by which otherwise inaccessible, seemingly off‐limits, resources become productive spaces of opportunity for the development and exercise of sovereignty in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Energy Cooperatives of the Twenty-first Century: The Story of Walnut: February 5th, 2232" published in the Journal of Architectural Education explores the transformation of Walnut, a community in Dayton, Ohio, during the energy transition period of the twenty-first century. The community shifted from traditional energy consumption patterns to more communal, seasonal, and nuanced forms of living, pioneering social structures and energy practices that reflect contemporary social norms. The article highlights the challenges faced by Walnut, such as extreme weather events, social isolation, and the decline of the broader society, while also showcasing the community's innovative solutions and cooperative spirit that influenced other settlements. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the concept of abolition as a dynamic process of envisioning and creating a future free from oppressive systems. Topics include the transformation of carceral geographies into spaces of care and mutuality, the importance of place-based movements alongside broader movements, and the role of feminist refusal in resisting colonial racial capitalism.

The article focuses on June Jordan's 1978 "Poem about My Rights" as a reflection on the impact of colonial racial capitalism that labels marginalized individuals as "wrong." Topics include the concept of "unbearable wrongness of being" as articulated by Sylvia Wynter, the emotional state of feeling disposable in societal structures, and the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic alongside rising anti-trans legislation and attacks on Black studies.

This article discusses the book "Time and Power in Azraq Refugee Camp: A Nine-to-Five Emergency" by Melissa Gatter. The book explores the concept of temporal displacement in refugee camps, specifically focusing on the Azraq camp in Jordan. It challenges the conventional narratives about refugee camps by examining the role of time in shaping daily life and power dynamics within the camp. The book provides a nuanced understanding of the experiences of both aid workers and camp residents, highlighting the complexities and challenges they face. It also calls for further research into the timelines and permanence of refugee camps and advocates for reevaluating their temporary status. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Figures of Interpretation" explores the role of interpreters in various contexts and the ethical dilemmas they face. Through 31 narrative vignettes, the book introduces different individuals who work as interpreters, such as a journalist in the Middle East, an immigrant in the United States, a child in Spain, and a philosophy student in Switzerland. The book highlights the intersection of language work with factors like ethnicity, class, gender, and social and geopolitical conditions. It challenges traditional academic writing norms and prompts reflection on the politics of writing, knowledge production, and collaborative work. The book offers a unique perspective on structural inequalities and the potential for change. [Extracted from the article]

Ample scholarship thoroughly documents how modern humanitarian aid enacts legacies of colonialism and processes of Westernization through the imposition of foreign values and promotion of 'universal' norms. Extensive research has also explored processes of socio-cultural-moral transformation due to crisis and displacement. This paper extends this work by demonstrating an explicit connection between the two. Drawing on 10 months of ethnographic research that examined how Burundian refugees in Tanzania experience humanitarian social emotional learning (SEL), findings reveal various intersecting lines of crisis in the Nduta refugee camp. This research illuminates how SEL interacts with these lines of crisis to exacerbate intergenerational tensions. The self-centric values promoted through SEL and the pedagogies it employs conflict with the collectivist ethos of the Nduta community, thus breaking the Burundian generational contract of reciprocity, solidarity, and moral responsibility. In this context, SEL operates on conflicting narratives of crisis that clash with generational hopes for the prevention of future crisis in Burundi. These generational fractures are resulting in fears across the Nduta community that the decline of traditional Burundian values and communitarian ethos will not only perpetuate intergenerational experiences of crisis but has also initiated the perceived erasure of their culture and the essence of their humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, millions of young people and their families navigate education in settings of conflict and displacement. Despite the growing number of refugee families seeking educational opportunities outside their countries of origin, there is scant research on the efforts families undertake to ensure and improve this education. In this study, I seek to understand how families participate in refugee children's education in displacement. Drawing on interviews with 16 refugee parents and caregivers living in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, I find that caregivers actively engage in their children's schooling. Through what I am calling concerted community engagement, families choose, monitor, and supplement schools, working to ensure that refugee children benefit from the education they receive in exile as they build lives in the present and for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long history of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has resulted in a public and mental health crisis. Despite the significant mental health burdens facing the Palestinian population in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) and refugee camps, this issue remains comprehensively unexplored. Aims: This scoping review identified mental health interventions and assessed their effectiveness among populations in the OPT and Palestinian refugee camps, while addressing delivery challenges. Method: A scoping review was conducted using 14 databases to include relevant studies published through March 2024 using PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: Analyzing 31 intervention studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, revealed varied outcomes in interventions targeting post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and overall mental well-being. Conclusions: While some interventions showed potential, others had limited effectiveness, underscoring the complexity of mental health needs in conflict zones. Gender- and risk-specific effectiveness was observed, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches. Challenges like low attendance rates and systemic barriers hindered intervention success. The profound impact of war on children stresses the urgency for targeted interventions. Empowerment and community connectedness are vital for resilience, along with the importance of family and community involvement and research that balances the need for strong evaluation designs with the need for ongoing mental health services. Advocacy for systemic changes is crucial to implement the complex sustainable interventions necessary to assure mental health in any population. This review highlights the importance of holistic, contextually relevant approaches for mental health intervention in OPT and refugee camps, emphasizing rigorous evaluations and community-driven approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the genocidal actions taking place in Gaza, the Israeli military also conducts large-scale assaults in the West Bank that destroy individuals' homes and communities, and invades Palestinian homes one home and garden at a time. While there are 250 of these invasions per month, they receive little scrutiny. Most of these invasions occur across the 19 refugee camps in the occupied Palestinian territories, where home is viewed as a gendered and temporal space: transient, penetrable, and violable. To analyze home invasion through a feminist lens, interviews were conducted with ten women-identifying refugees who described it as one of many forms of collective punishment that Palestinians experience that determines ability or debility as well as who may live and who may/must die. Interview participants saw home invasion as a type of domestic, gendered, and sexual violence that affects neighbors, kin, and communities and is mitigated through the collective support of women. Work on this article started well before the devastating and horrific events that unfolded after October 7, 2023. The article's scrutiny of the militarized infrastructure across the West Bank brings important context to the state violence in Gaza, and lays bare the vulnerabilities of the West Bank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bangladesh, the world's largest refugee settlement currently shelters approximately one million Rohingya refugees who fled Myanmar to escape military persecution. Educating a significant number of young Rohingya, roughly half of whom are female, presents a significant challenge. Despite the presence of learning centres (LCs) across refugee camps, Rohingya girls may encounter specific barriers to accessing education due to exposure to various risks, such as violence, child marriage, and trauma stemming from past military oppression. This paper investigates the association between these risk factors and Rohingya girls' likelihood of attending LCs, and how this association may vary across refugee camps. Using survey data and employing three‐level multilevel logistic regression models, I find that girls are less likely to attend LCs if they are at risk of encountering sexual abuse, child marriage, and psychological distress or trauma. These factors explain considerable variation in girls' LC attendance between camps and between households. In addition to providing more schooling opportunities to Rohingya children, prioritising girls' safety, protecting them from forced and child marriage, and supporting their psychological well‐being require increased policy attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the experiences of migrant workers in Antofagasta, Chile, focusing on their settlement in campamentos (informal settlements) and the challenges they face. It highlights the tensions between the government's attempts to resettle migrants and the resistance from the campamento residents, particularly those who identify as Indigenous. The article also explores the role of multiculturalism in addressing these issues and the ways in which the state has responded to the presence of migrants. Overall, it presents a complex picture of the struggles and aspirations of migrant communities in Antofagasta. [Extracted from the article]

Prosocial behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of human nature. Although prosocial behaviors emerge early in development, contextual factors play an important role in how these behaviors are manifested over development. A large body of research focuses on the trajectory of prosocial development across diverse cultures and investigating contexts that foster it. Against this backdrop of developmental research endeavoring to understand and enhance the cooperative side of humanity, is the catastrophic impact of profoundly negative forces on social‐emotional development for children forced to flee from violent conflict. Close to half a million Rohingya children, whose families were forced to flee genocide in Myanmar, now live in the largest refugee camp in the world. To examine the resilience of human prosociality in the face of extreme adversity, we documented initial levels of prosociality in Rohingya refugee children living in a mega‐camp (Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh) and the extent to which those levels were improved following a multifaceted intervention designed to foster prosociality. The research was a partnership between Rohingya community members with lived experience, humanitarian practitioners, and developmental researchers. A sample of 152 Rohingya children (5–12 years) participated in pre‐ and postintervention assessments of prosocial behaviors and related cognitive‐affective processes. The 10‐day collaboration‐based intervention was implemented between November 2021 and January 2022 by Rohingya researchers. Birthplace was used as a proxy measure of trauma level. Children born in Myanmar (N = 88) directly experienced relatively higher levels of trauma (genocide, forced migration) than children who were born in the camp after their families fled from Myanmar (N = 64). Children were individually tested pre‐ and postintervention with a task battery, including a helping (Origami) and two sharing tasks (Dictator Game [DG], Forced Choice sharing) measuring prosocial behavior. Assessments of related cognitive‐affective processes included measures of empathic responding and emotion perspective‐taking in story tasks (Imagine, Judgment) and executive function (EF) skills (Younger: Hearts & Flowers; Older: Dimensional Change Card Sorting). Small group intervention sessions conducted over 10 days targeted these prosocial behaviors and cognitive‐affective processes and were based on collaborative activities, emotion perspective taking and EF skills training with the same partner throughout the intervention phase. We used latent change modeling to examine initial levels (preintervention) and intervention‐related changes in these measures from pre‐ to postintervention. Prosocial responding was found across all measures (preintervention) and improvements (pre‐ to postintervention change) were apparent across most measures. Age and birthplace variables were significant predictors of initial levels and intervention‐related change. Initial levels: Regarding age, older children (9–12 years) showed higher levels than younger children (5–8 years) of sharing in the Forced Choice task but lower levels in the DG. Older children also showed higher levels of empathic responding when asked to report how they would feel and respond to another person's misfortune in the Imagine task. Regarding birthplace, prior to the intervention camp‐born children showed higher levels than Myanmar‐born children of helping in the Origami task and reported more behavioral responses indicating how they would respond to misfortune in the Imagine task. In contrast, Myanmar‐born children had higher levels of sharing in the DG and consistently chose equality over inequality in the Forced Choice sharing task, even when their partner would receive more, indicating a pattern of generosity in these children. Myanmar‐born children had lower levels than camp‐born children on EF measures. Intervention‐related change: Regarding age, older but not younger children were more likely to increase choices for equality over inequality on the Forced Choice sharing task following the intervention. Regarding birthplace and helping, camp‐born children increased behaviors that helped their partner make origami shapes themselves ("how‐to" helping), whereas Myanmar‐born children increased behavior that took over folding for their partner ("do‐for" helping). For sharing tasks, Myanmar‐born but not camp‐born children increased sharing in the DG and showed an increased pattern of generosity in Forced Choice sharing task. In the Imagine story task, children born in Myanmar were more likely than those born in camp to increase empathic responding (i.e., imagining how they would feel). Children born in Myanmar showed less improvement on EF measures than children born in the camp. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that in a context of extreme adversity, Rohingya children exhibited prosociality and benefitted from a multifaceted intervention. Our research adds credence to the view that human prosociality is a fundamental characteristic of humanity that not only survives but can be enhanced in even the most adverse of childhood environments. Our multifaceted intervention, which was implemented within a collaborative social context and targeted prosocial behaviors and related cognitive‐affective processes, was designed to be easily implemented within existing psychosocial support programs in refugee contexts. As the numbers of children affected by violent conflict and forced migration rise alarmingly worldwide, there is a critical need to expand research partnerships that aim to improve developmental outcomes for these millions of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the ongoing conflicts in various countries, including Ukraine, Gaza, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Myanmar, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. It emphasizes the importance of studying the archaeology and history of conflict to understand the reality of mass violence and its impact on communities. The article also highlights the need for diverse perspectives and the inclusion of indigenous voices in conflict archaeology research. Additionally, it presents summaries of three papers published in the Journal of Conflict Archaeology, focusing on topics such as the preservation of a Civil War battlefield, glass artifacts from World War I, and the military archaeology of the Italian occupation of Croatia during World War II. [Extracted from the article]

Due to systemic violence and human rights violations in Myanmar, many ethnic minorities, including Karen, have fled the country. Many Karen refugees from camps in Thailand and Malaysia were resettled in the United States. Despite having access to multiple resources and opportunities, the Karen face challenges related to health, housing, education, employment, and culture. This paper aims to broaden our understanding of the needs and challenges of Karen refugees living in Hartford, Connecticut, through a qualitative, narrative-based research study. Lessons learned will help nongovernmental organizations, mental health professionals, and social workers to develop and implement programs and policies for refugee resettlement and integration in a culturally competent manner that is based on the values, strengths, and resilience of the refugee Karen community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the analysis of archipelago in Asia. Topics mentioned include the concept of solidarity, decolonization and storytelling to emphasize an archipelagic praxis and method, the interplay between land and water ecologies, and the understanding of oceanic and maritime spaces for the development of capitalist and military infrastructures.

Though refugee camps are by definition "temporary", many camps endure for decades, where individuals live full lives through childhood, marriage, children, grandchildren, and death. These settlements function no differently than cities in their social life, density, zoning, and operation, yet are "planned" through UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) templates for camps. The Zaatari camp in Jordan for Syrian asylum seekers, for example, holds a population of 80,000. Rather than viewing refugee camps as temporary human warehouses, this article demonstrates that camps are spaces where individuals build social networks and economic activities flourish. As such, the camp planning templates should include adaptive Construction 4.0 technologies for more socially flexible settlements, even if the camps are considered "temporary". This case study research on the Zaatari camp illustrates how refugees adapt their built environment, identifying adaptation patterns that enhance both livability and sustainability. The work illustrates social and environmental changes that require adaptive housing configurations. The conclusion suggests linking modern tools in the construction industry to empirically derived planning objectives to be efficiently executed in moments of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Syrian situation has worsened since 2011, many aspects of the society have been affected, most notably the education of children. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps in Northwest Syria, especially in rural areas, are left with limited access to education for children, resulting in all the consequences that follow. Abjad initiative for education established Iqraa project to deliver education in those areas and adapted a modified educational strategy that differs from known conventional schooling in the region. The modified strategy is based on attendance, in class behaviour and performance in weekly formative assessments and linked it to final exam scores. Among fourth grade students (N = 35), the study showed strong positive statistically significant correlation between these parameters and final exam (0.780***, 0.893*** and 0.961*** respectively). Low performance on any of these parameters allowed to flag and refer students that need support to special assistant and safeguarding teachers. The study explored the relationship of these parameters to social factors through a survey done with families and revealed an important role of parents' education, number of people sharing the tent and distance from classroom tent on children's attendance and attainment. Regarding challenges that have been reported by parents, it has only been found that the distance from the classroom tent is statistically significant with the children's attendance (p = 0.042*). Negatively significant correlations were found between the children's behaviour within the classroom and final exam scores with the number of people sharing their tent (r = - 0.459, r = - 0.524) respectively. The proposed strategy can be replicated in many emergency areas. Furthermore, findings of this study can be further explored by policy makers, funders, and social experts to better understand the impact of long-term IDP settlement in camps on children's education and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container settlements (CS) have been widely used as emergency and temporary dwellings in Europe due to the advantages of rapid deployment, cost-efficiency and relatively good living standards. Nevertheless, many authors emphasize the risks of disturbing the spatial order and stigmatization of residents that can lead to deepening the feeling of unrooting and generate substantial social problems. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the main architectural characteristics of CS built in Ukraine to address internal migration caused by war. Multiple comparative case study includes 18 settlements built for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in three distinctive phases. The research focuses on the features critical to human comfort and life quality: settlement size, program, building typology, spatial arrangement, circulation, unit layout, degree of privacy. Results show that developments from 2015 and 2022 have similarities including basic program, size of dwelling units and density, but there are important differences related to the time allocated to designing and construction as well as expected period of operation. Basic recommendations for improving existing and planned developments are increasing the privacy by creating collective-private space outside and inside, developing a rich program, use existing greenery and new landscaping, providing good transit to the urban centres, using all-year weatherproof typologies and technical solutions suitable for long-term use. This fact must be considered in the process of designing new CS for IDPs and refugees, that are being planned and constructed in Ukraine and Europe.

Abstract Background Conflict in Syria since 2011 led to over one million Syrians fleeing to Lebanon, predominantly from economically disadvantaged areas with low literacy and high child marriage rates. Over 90% live in extreme poverty, in informal tented settlements with minimal access to education, healthcare or employment. Displacement and poverty have further increased early marriages and unplanned pregnancies, and curtailed access to sexual and reproductive healthcare (SRH) in the Bekaa valley. This is exacerbated by increasing rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), intimate partner violence and domestic violence. Study design We aimed to explore SRH beliefs and practices and teach on key SRH topics through focus group discussions (FGD) and questionnaires, co-designed with Syrian practitioners, conducted with Syrian men and women. FGD were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Questionnaires collected demographics and explored SRH beliefs and practices. Findings 24 FGD with 203 participants, 72.4% female and 27.6% men. 90.1% participants were married with an average age-gap of 6.3 years between partners. Teenage marriage rates were 55.6% for women, and 47.4% delivered their first child before the age of 20. 43.6% participants were not using any contraception. Findings demonstrate the impacts of SRH cultural norms and changes due to displacement, financial crisis, and increased exposure to technology and NGOs. Conclusions SRH is multifaceted and contested, requiring systemic improvements in access to care, employment and education. This small but important proof-of-concept study demonstrates the possibility of engaging men and women in SRH discussion; paramount to empowering communities and challenging intergenerational SGBV.