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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Indian commercial banks from 2002 to 2018 using the stochastic frontier analysis. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the parametric approach of the stochastic frontier to examine the technical efficiency of banks acknowledging exogenous shocks, omitted variables and measurement errors, filling a gap in the existing financial literature. The scope of this study was constrained to 71 scheduled commercial banks to make it manageable and productive with 1,036 observations. Findings: The results show that the mean technical efficiency of new private banks remained constant at 92.7% during the study period because of technology diffusion in banking systems. The technical efficiency of the nationalized, old private and foreign banks has enhanced over the period because of the efficient utilization of various innovative information technology services such as mobile banking, cheque truncation system, magnetic ink character recognition. However, the foreign banks are still laggards with a mean technical efficiency of 81.7%. The empirical findings suggest that new private sector banks depict higher efficiency than nationalized, old private and foreign banks. Research limitations/implications: This study's sample represents all categories of banks (public, private and foreign) including the banks that merged or consolidated during the period of study. To achieve the desired results, the authors incorporate the consolidated and merged banks in their data set. Further, the authors excluded all scheduled small finance banks and scheduled payment banks from their analysis, as these entities commenced operations post-2015. Additionally, the authors also excluded regional rural banks because of their distinct mandate aimed at servicing the rural populace and agricultural sector. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature on the performance of conventional banks in general and emerging markets, in particular, using the most recent data and covering a relatively long period using the stochastic frontier approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at four phases of state engagement in financial inclusion. The first phase of involvement is classified as nationalisation, where the state takes control of both the strategic and operational control of a significant part of the market. The second phase is where the state can test the viability by retaining control but distinguishing between the departmental approach and a special purpose vehicle, which works on market principles. The third phase comes when the state is convinced that the market principles operate and therefore a part of the pie could be occupied by the market players, and the final phase is where the state can theoretically operate through policy and regulation without active participation in the market. The article looks at the evolution of the Indian banking sector through these four phases and concludes that we have passed the nationalisation phase. The state-owned Regional Rural Banks and the entire cooperative and community-owned structures are in the corporatisation phase that needs recapitalisation backstopping from time to time. The state-owned commercial banks have reached the disinvestment phase, and commercial banking in India, including the universal banks and the small finance banks, is in the privatisation phase. JEL Codes: D63, G18, G20, G21, G28, L32, L38 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the city-level data on mortgage rates of banks which may hide significant information about the monetary transmission mechanism. This study, by regional housing loans and risks data, investigates the behaviour of banks after a monetary policy tightening. By using the structural vector autoregressive model with the counterfactual impulse response function and the spatial regression model, our results show that monetary tightening causes mortgage rates to rise. This response is mainly driven by price and credit risks. Consequently, these housing activities have a significant effect on mortgage rates, by amplifying the shock from the tightening monetary policy. The latter result provides evidence that financial intermediation and regional housing risks play an important role in the interest rate channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In reconstructive surgery for large bone defects, the demand for bone allografts has increased over the years; however, it is unclear how the supply and demand in Japanese regional bone banks have evolved over time. This study investigated the 15-year supply and demand of bone allografts stored in a regional bone bank, along with assessing the screening process's effectiveness. The target period was 15 years from April 2005 to March 2020. The period was subdivided into three 5-year periods: first, second, and third. The study items included the number of bone allografts donated, the number of bone allografts used, donor and user facilities, surgical methods using bone allografts, and the number of bone allografts discarded. We used the Cochran-Armitage test for statistical analysis. A total of 1852 bone allografts were donated to the bone bank, and a total of 1721 were used. A total of 677 bone allografts grafts were provided in the first period, 738 in the second period, and 525 in the third period, indicating a decreasing trend. The average number of allografts per surgery was 2.8 in the first, 3.1 in the second, and 1.7 in the third, showing a decreasing trend. Concerning the percentage of each surgery using bone allografts, spine fusion decreased in the third period but not significantly, whereas primary hip arthroplasty increased significantly in the third period. The total number of discarded bone allografts was 4.8% of the total number of donated bone allografts, largely because of a lack of screening tests. Although the number of allogeneic bone surgeries has been increasing over time, the number of allogeneic bone donations has shown a decreasing trend, and there is a need to develop a system that can provide surgeons with sufficient bone allografts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited research exists on business transformation strategy within the Indonesian banking sector, particularly regarding regional development banks, which play a crucial role in regional economic advancement. This study investigates the drivers of successful business transformation in Indonesian RDBs and their impact on organizational performance, examining the moderating role of regional government intervention. Employing structural equation modeling, the study analyzed data from 255 branch managers across 27 RDBs. Results reveal that talent development, transformational leadership, and digital adoption significantly drive successful business transformation, which in turn enhances organizational performance. Contrary to expectations, regional government intervention did not demonstrate a moderating effect. This study provides valuable insights for RDB managers and policymakers, emphasizing the imporace of talent development, leadership, and digital adoption as key pillars of successful transformation and highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding of institutional influences within this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany's carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks − SMEs' most important financiers − hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany's commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to examine how the rise of financial technology (Fintech) lending affects bank competition. Moreover, this study also identifies the structure of Indonesian commercial banking sector and the different behaviour of competition among bank groups (based on their size, type and ownership) and the joint impact of COVID-19 due to the rise of Fintech lending. Design/methodology/approach: Using an unbalanced panel data set of 118 commercial banks in Indonesia over the period 2018–2022, both static panel and 2SLS/IV data analysis were used and found that random effect model is the best model. Findings: The results show that the Indonesian commercial banking sector can be considered as monopolistic competition. Moreover, using the Lerner index reveals that the entry of the Fintech lenders increases bank competition. Furthermore, there were different responses to the impact of Fintech lending on bank competition among state-owned banks, private banks, regional development banks and foreign banks. Greater efficiency and stability lead to greater market power. In the meantime, higher level of asset growth, capitalisation and cost-to-income ratio increase the competition. Lastly, higher bank credit growth and lower inflation boost overall bank competitiveness. Practical implications: This study highlights some policy recommendations for commercial banks to be aware of the coming of Fintech lenders because they have started to increase the market competition. The government should create a more collaborative ecosystem between banks and Fintech lending to anticipate unhealthy competition. Originality/value: This study will contribute to the literature by expanding the determinants of bank competition by considering the rise of Fintech lending in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood transfusion services play a very key role in modern health care service delivery. About 118.5 million blood donations were collected globally in 2022. However, about 1.6 million units of blood are destroyed annually due to transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). There is a very high risk of TTIs through donated blood to recipients if safe transfusion practices are not observed. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design that involved a review of a random sample of 1370 blood donors registered between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2019 at Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with TTIs. Results: The majority of the blood donors were male (80.1%), and the median donor age was 23 years (IQR = 8 years). The overall prevalence of TTIs was found to be 13.8% (95%CI: 12.0-15.6%), with specific prevalences of 1.9% for HIV, 4.1% for HBV, 6.6% for HCV and 2.8% for treponema pallidum. Male sex (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.32–3.36, p-value = 0.002) and lapsed donor type compared to new donor type (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13–0.87, p-value = 0.025) were found to be associated with TTIs. Conclusion: The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors of West Nile region, Uganda was found to be significantly high, which implies a high burden of TTIs in the general population. Hence, there is need to implement a more stringent donor screening process to ensure selection of risk-free donors, with extra emphasis on male and new blood donors. Additionally, sensitization of blood donors on risky behaviors and self-deferral will reduce the risk of donating infected blood to the recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Regional Development Banks in Indonesia succeeded to maintain their performance, whereas other banks actually underperformed amidst Covid-19 pandemic. Interestingly, prior to pandemic, they experienced the opposite, which was triggered by their governance which is less than optimal. Thus, why were they better in pandemic? This article will answer the question. We specifically explore the role of organizational structure and governance mechanism on their performance. Therefore, all Regional Development Banks existed at the exact time serve as objects of the study. The data were collected from the financial and annual reports of each bank. They, then, were analyzed by Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The result showed that only the size of risk monitoring committee positively contributed to their performance. However, the board size and independence contributed contrariwise. Other elements of governance i.e. board meetings, audit committee size, remuneration and compensation as well as the committee meetings did not have a significant impact. Their good performance during pandemic is dominantly defined by other factors such as credit growth and regional economic growth. Hence, the results of our study showed that the existed and widely used governance measures until recently were irrelevant, particularly in crisis. Therefore, this will be homework for academics to explore governance measure models from other perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the influence of reward and recognition systems on Employee Motivation at the Regional Development Bank Sidoarjo Branch. Sample in this study were 80 employees of Bank Jatim Sidoarjo. Analytical tools used is multiple linear regression. The research results show that each variable, the Reward and Recognition System is related and has a positive effect on employee motivation at Bank Jatim Sidoarjo employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, one of the regional development banks in Indonesia called as PT BPD, has experienced uncertain growth in its performance. It already developed its performance management system (PMS) by adopting an approach in which the indicators are applied to the individual level. The currently implemented PMS has several flaws, including a lack of standardization of performance indicators, an unintegrated system, inefficient data entry processes, and a lack of corporate-level implementation. To address these issues we proposed a design of PMS by using an integrated performance management system (IPMS) approach. The research is proposed for the corporate level, which is limited to the stage of design. The performance variables cover the perspective of business outcome, internal process, and resource capability. Each variable will be further analyzed in the linkages and benchmarking process. Finally, this study proposes a new PMS comprised of 12 variables for business outcomes, 8 variables for internal processes, and 8 variables for resource capability. Each variable is decomposed into several indicators (48 indicators) that serve as a corporate measurement instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) aims to integrate the banking industry in the region. To achieve this, ASEAN members have agreed to create the ASEAN Banking Integration Framework (ABIF) to support such integration. Despite being endorsed in 2014, the framework remains vague and lacks clear policy coordination arrangements as well as standardisation instruments that enable ASEAN member states to integrate their banking sectors. This article examines why the member states agreed to such regulatory arrangements. Building upon the regulatory regionalism approach, we argue that the regulatory arrangement is underpinned by a socio-political struggle among dominant social forces in ASEAN. The article further argues that the political endeavour to internationalise domestic capital through the banking integration project remains problematic, given that local banking players seem to largely focus on protecting and penetrating domestic markets rather than regional expansion. This has hindered the progress of regional banking integration in ASEAN. To substantiate this argument, we use Indonesia's engagement in the process as a case study. This article contributes to the study of political economies of banking integration outside of the European experiment by emphasising the importance of state–society relations in shaping the outcome of regional integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to discern the primary obstacles confronted by the implementing agencies in their efforts to foster financial inclusion through the "Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana" (PMMY). Design/methodology/approach: To collect primary data, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed. Around 120 loan officers from the implementing agencies (Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Small Finance Banks (SFBs), Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Micro- Finance Institutions (MFIs)) of Haryana were randomly selected to fulfill the objectives. To categorize the perceived problems into discrete factors, the "factor analysis" technique was employed. The scales were then regressed on factors linked to the demographic characteristics of the loan officers to validate the hypotheses. Findings: The study highlighted the primary obstacles impeding the advancement of financial inclusion, which encompass a range of factors. These include challenges in management, infrastructure, politics, finance and technology. Furthermore, the study established the association of the explanatory variables, namely gender, age, educational qualification, location and experience of the officers, with the extracted constraints. Notably, the experience of loan officers emerged as the most influential variable contributing to the promotion of financial inclusion through the scheme. Originality/value: The current body of literature lacks any empirical investigation focusing on the perspectives of the implementing agencies regarding the challenges they encounter in advancing FI. Given the significance of FI in India, where access to formal financial services remains a critical issue, this research adds value by addressing the gaps in understanding the problems encountered. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2023-0462 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accepted by: Prof. Ali Emrouznejad Non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) is susceptible to the curse of dimensionality, a challenge that can be mitigated through the use of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. Conversely, DEA can overcome the limitations of the MCDM method by defining the weights of the decision-making unit to calculate the data envelop. This study addresses this issue by introducing a novel model, the Trigonometric Envelopment Analysis for Ideal Solutions (TEA-IS). TEA-IS combines DEA and the Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution approaches. The proposed method is employed to assess the efficiency and performance of 367 Chinese banks over a 19-year period using various financial variables. The TEA-IS model leverages machine learning techniques to predict positive or negative outcomes for Chinese banks, taking into account various influencing factors. Our results indicate that TEA-IS scores demonstrate superior discriminatory power and reliability compared with non-parametric and MCDM methods. Furthermore, our findings reveal the presence of synergy amongst Chinese banks and illustrate a pattern of volatility in the Chinese banking industry's performance. Notably, performance improved from 2000 to 2005, declined during the period from 2006 to 2013 and subsequently experienced a recovery until 2018. The majority of Chinese banks in the sample are categorized as medium performers with lower synergy levels. Additionally, the study underscores the positive impact of bank listing and age on bank performance, suggesting that regional banks outperform domestic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the current trajectory and future research directions of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration within the banking industry. Utilizing bibliometric and scientometric approaches, it highlights trend topics, influential studies, and notable contributors. Drawing from an analysis of 681 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases, a comprehensive dataset was curated using scientometric networks with VOSviewer and Bibliometrix tools. This study emphasizes the evolving nature of ESG integration within banking, emphasizing an interdisciplinary shift encompassing environmental, social, and governance considerations. Keyword analysis reveals emerging trends, including the influence of ESG factors on banks' financial performance, regional variations in ESG integration within banking, and risk assessment related to ESG factors and credit risk in banks. By offering insights into the evolving topic of ESG integration within banking and identifying promising avenues for further exploration, such as the fundamental connection between ESG and sustainability, particularly in climate change and green finance, this research contributes to ongoing discussions surrounding ESG integration in the banking industry, guiding future research efforts in this vital financial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 was a wake-up call for the banking sector. Since then, many activities have been taken to improve the stability of the financial industry. Our paper aims to derive a risk-related tone from the top that enables top management to equalise their employees' risk behaviour and align the desired risk behaviour with the bank's risk appetite. Even though individual fragments of measures and requirements to implement a risk-related tone from the top have emerged over the years, a holistic picture is still waiting to be established. Especially the normative management is crucial for implementing a risk-related tone from the top as this channel supports top management in communicating the core values. To gain news insights into the tone from the top and the top managements' communication behaviour, we use a sequential explanatory mixed method approach. Our aim is to unite the positions of research and supervision. Therefore, we start with a comprehensive literature review to identify the relevant research streams. Building on this theoretical fundament, we evaluate practitioners' communication behaviour quantitatively via a questionnaire with a sample size of 197 German regional banks. Qualitatively, we analyse the communication behaviour via eight interviews with CEOs of German regional banks. For the supervisory perspective, we build on the FSB 'Guidance on Supervisory Interaction with Financial Institutions on Risk Culture'. This guidance not only emphasises the importance of the tone from the top, but also provides a first holistic picture of supervisory efforts on the topic. In summary, we consolidate the results from research, supervision and practice to derive a holistic picture for the implementation of a risk-related tone from the top. Finally, our holistic integration reveals future directions for research, supervision and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to determine the deposit and loan potential of banks and the possibilities of its accumulation in the development of the economy of the Ukrainian Carpathians. It is proposed to consider the regional banking system as a set of banking institutions that are located in a certain territory, have their own deposit and loan potential, are an integral part of the country’s banking system and perform a dual function: ensure the development of the country’s banking system in general and form the deposit and loan potential to meet the needs of the region’s economy in particular. It is specified that the efficiency of functioning of the region’s banks is determined by their ability to transform the accumulated deposit potential into loans for the development of the economy, satisfaction of consumer needs of the population, which will ensure the growth of the gross regional product, the competitiveness of the financial sector of the region, and the well-being of the population. An approach to assessing the possibilities of attracting the potential of banks in the development of the region’s economy has been developed. The carried out calculations showed a negative tendency of a decrease in the Ukrainian Carpathians of both the total number of existing structural subdivisions of banks and the number of such subdivisions per 100 thousand inhabitants, which is due to the war, the temporary occupation of part of the territories, the post-COVID period. It is analytically proved that in the conditions of wartime, the trend of confidence in the banking system and the increase in the deposit potential of regional banks against the background of a decrease in the number of their structural divisions has been preserved. The share of loans granted in the Ukrainian Carpathians in their total volume in Ukraine increased and showed that during the wartime, the volume of loan activity in the Ukrainian Carpathians increased, which did not correspond to the general downward trend in loan activity in Ukraine. According to the conducted research, it is stated that the volume of loans granted in the Ukrainian Carpathians was much less than the attracted deposits, that is, the available resources are sufficient to cover the existing and potential needs for lending to the regional economy. It is proposed to attribute the regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians in terms of deposit and loan potential to donor regions, which are able to fully provide financing for their own development, and direct the excess resources to meet the needs of other regions. Further research will be aimed at developing mechanisms for attracting the potential of the banking system to the development of the Ukrainian Carpathians regions’ economy on the basis of the use of economic and mathematical instruments and the clustering method.

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a compilation of academic articles and journals that explore the conversion of conventional banks to Islamic banks in Indonesia and other countries. The articles cover a range of topics including the reasons for conversion, the effects on assets and market share, challenges faced during the process, and the performance of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. The articles provide valuable insights into the factors influencing conversion, customer preferences, and the legal aspects of the process. [Extracted from the article]

Multilateral development bank (MDB) engagement with 'gender' is controversial in review and uneven in practice. The authors analyse 1,928 gender-focused projects financed by the World Bank and regional development banks between 1967 and 2021. We propose three eras into which MDB gender engagement divides and argues that isomorphic pressures have aligned their approaches. The article concludes that gender is not an investment priority and projects have conceptually narrowed over time to focus on private entrepreneurship at the expense of addressing systemic gendered inequalities. This is significant for what the MDB finance signals to investors the feasibility of development projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an emphasis on the effects of regional differences and the COVID- 19 epidemic, this study examines the link between Environmental Performance Index (EPI) ratings and the financial performance of European banks while considering the role of governance and law. Our study, which uses panel data regressions spanning five years and 71 listed banks in 21 European nations, shows a negative link between EPI scores and bank performance, which is most noticeable in Southern Europe. These results highlight the significance of taking regional variations in bank size and characteristics into account when assessing EPI performance in the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As revealed by the failures of three regional banks in the spring of 2023, bank runs are not a thing of the past. To inform the ongoing discussion of the appropriate regulatory response, we examine trends in the banking industry over the last twenty-five years. On the liability side of bank balance sheets, deposits—and especially uninsured deposits—have grown rapidly. On the asset side, there has been a notable shift away from the information-intensive lending traditionally associated with banks and toward longer-term securities such as mortgage-backed securities and long-term Treasuries. These trends appear to be related, in the sense that banks with the most rapid growth in deposits have seen the biggest declines in loans as a share of assets. Thus, while the banks that failed in early 2023 were arguably extreme cases, they reflect broader trends, especially among larger banks. We construct a simple model to help assess the main regulatory options to reduce the risk of destabilizing bank runs—expanding deposit insurance and strengthening liquidity regulation—and argue that the industry trends we document favor the latter option. Using the model, we offer some design considerations for modifying the liquidity coverage ratio so as to require banks to pre-position sufficient collateral—largely in the form of short-term government securities—at the Federal Reserve's discount window to ensure they have enough liquidity to withstand a run on their uninsured deposits. We also comment briefly on some other regulatory implications of our findings, including for interest rate risk regulation and merger policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop tools for assessing the state of regional banks and to justify decisions on the allocation of resources between their business areas by adapting existing methods of banking management to the new economic environment.The authors apply both general scientific methods (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis) and special methods: systematic and retrospective analysis of existing developments in bank decisions.The results of the application of these methods are the mathematical models describing the functioning of the credit-deposit and transaction of commercial banks of Tatarstan in the past three years from the point of elasticity of actives and liabilities’ substitution. In the paper, we systematized the indicators of actives and liabilities of the five largest commercial banks in Tatarstan in 2019–2022, we approved the equations that characterize these actives and liabilities’ substitution elasticity in MS Excel.The conclusion is that in most cases, there is a unitary elasticity of their mutual substitution, which leads to the conclusion that the Tatarstan banking system is currently in the growth stage of a new life cycle, which began in 2014, after the Russian economy entered new realities due to sanctions pressure. The recommendations were formulated for the banks of Tatarstan in terms of improving the quality of loan portfolios in new conditions: they should improve the methods of making decisions about the loans for companies’ business activities which are first created.

Russia does not release information on the numbers of mobilized and recruited men or casualties of war in Ukraine. In this small note, I propose to use information from regional banking data as a proxy for analyzing the regional incidence of Russian mobilization. Some regions have seen rapid increases in household bank deposits not easily attributable to regional macroeconomic or institutional factors. Such regions coincide with the regions with proportionally large numbers of mobilized soldiers. It is plausible that the high salaries and hefty payments promised to contract soldiers, mobilized reservists and their families in the event of serious injury or death show up as spikes in regional bank deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of East Asian banks covering the period 1999–2014, this paper analyses the impact of natural disasters on commercial bank performance and how financial integration moderates this relationship. A dynamic GMM model reveals that natural disasters significantly lower deposit ratios but have no contemporaneous relationship with liquidity, credit risk, profitability and default risk. There is also evidence of a lagged effect of disasters, increasing deposits and lowering liquidity one year after the event. Furthermore, foreign banking claims, specifically those extended by regional Asian lenders, help to alleviate the deposits decline in the aftermath of natural disasters. These baseline findings are mainly driven by severely affected countries. Overall, the paper highlights the role of commercial bank deposits and foreign banking claims as sources of finance for post-disaster recovery. In particular, the resilience of Asian foreign claims in the event of natural disasters provides evidence to support intra-regional financial integration in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the KC Fed CRE Index, a new indicator of regional commercial real estate (CRE) activity. The index captures a broad range of economic activities and financial considerations in the CRE sector based on survey responses from market participants in the Tenth Federal Reserve District. It provides insight into regional trends in CRE activity, future growth in construction employment, and serves as a leading indicator of CRE loan performance. The index combines various measures of CRE activity to create a single summary measure that characterizes regional conditions in the CRE sector. The text also highlights the importance of considering signal quality and specific drivers of CRE conditions when interpreting the index. The index is found to be a useful tool for tracking changes in the commercial real estate sector and understanding the factors driving these changes. [Extracted from the article]

The low-carbon city (LCC) pilot policy is significant in tackling carbon emission reduction and environmental protection. Several studies have demonstrated that LCC policy dramatically decreases air pollution in cities for environmental preservation, while there is a shortage of research on banking development. Using city-level data from 2005 to 2018 in China, we examine the impact of the LCC pilot policy on the growth of the banking sector by using a difference-in-difference (DID) model and analyze the underlying transmission mechanism. The empirical result demonstrates that the construction of LCC significantly impedes the growth of the regional banking sector, and the conclusions above hold up to a battery of tests. First, the LCC policy drastically reduces the scale of industries in the pilot cities, including secondary industry output, tertiary industry output, fixed asset investment, and fixed asset balance. Second, the LCC policy encourages industrial reorganization in the pilot cities, as demonstrated by a change in market demand from high carbon-emitting enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises to low carbon-emitting enterprises and state-owned enterprises, respectively. The results indicate that the LCC policy produces credit risk at enterprises and conveys it to banks, resulting in a retarding effect on banking development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are more than 6 lakh micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in rural India, creating more than 10 crore jobs. These enterprises were the hardest hit during the Covid-19 pandemic, experiencing loss of production, income, and employment generation. But thanks to the relief measures taken by both the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India, and the consequent revival of the economy, they are back on their feet. Since credit is the critical input for stepping up their business activities, it is necessary for them to choose appropriate financial options. Unfortunately, even today, for most of them, predatory moneylenders remain their major financial option. Hence, this calls for strengthening institutional credit to promote and develop rural MSMEs. Among the lending institutions, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) need a special mention, since they mostly operate in rural areas. But RRBs perceive high credit risk in lending to rural MSMEs and are hesitant to lend liberally. This calls for a detailed study of the financing options available to rural MSMEs and evaluation of RRBs to provide needbased, timely and hassle-free credit. In this backdrop, the paper analyzes issues associated with lending to rural MSMEs by RRBs based on secondary data, and offers suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effect of bank competition on the design of syndicate loans. We find that competition in the lead lender's market plays a significant role in determining the terms of the syndicate loans. Specifically, higher concentration leads to higher yield spreads, larger issues, shorter maturities, greater contract intensity, and more collateral requirements, but with a greater likelihood of performance pricing. We also find the prior banking relationships, anti‐takeover provisions and whether the lead bank is a national, regional, or state bank influence the designs of these loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Currently, the development of entrepreneurship is characterized by a continuously increasing in intensity and expanding spectrum of challenges, threats and risks. Increasingly important for the development of entrepreneurship are circumstances related not only to economic factors, but also to environmental and social ones, the integrated consideration of which is reflected in the concept of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development, approved at the international level, is focused on the balance of environmental, social and economic processes, which ensures the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in the future. According to this concept, detailed for sustainable development, there is a continuous improvement of technologies and the establishment of more stringent environmental standards governing business processes. This fact changes the institutional structure of the economy, creates new conditions for the development of sustainable entrepreneurship. Also, the transition to a system of sustainable entrepreneurship requires a change in the existing economic relationships. The method of bank capital management developed in the study using a "selective model" will make it possible to identify banks in need of support from the Central Bank at an early stage, prevent their bankruptcy and direct resources to the development of sustainable entrepreneurship in the regions. Thus, the modern industry will receive the proper level of development. But the main emphasis should be placed on improving the management quality of services provided in regional banks, since it is they who mainly provide loans to medium and small businesses, which entails the development of the industry and launches a mechanism for sustainable entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Indonesia, the government encourages converting conventional regional development banks into sharia regional development banks. Such banks should become the driving force and the stimulator of a sharia ecosystem in the region, especially to support the development of regional economic potentials and to become a prosperous and peaceful country. This study aims to analyze the financial performance of regional development banks that have become sharia regional development banks to identify their ability to continue to provide economic growth in the region. Considering the results of previous studies, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of the financial performance of regional development banks that have converted to sharia banks using the following variables: return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) / financing-to-deposit ratio (FDR), net interest margin (NIM) / net operating margin (NOM) and ratio of operating expenses to operating income (BOPO). The analysis aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the financial performance between conventional and sharia regional development banks. The population in this study is the regional development bank, with a sample of 3 banks that have converted into sharia banks (Bank Aceh Shariah, Bank NTB Shariah, and Bank Riau Kepri Shariah). The study uses secondary bank data from quarterly financial reports on the banks' websites. The independent sample t-test is used to test the performance of conventional and sharia banks. The study results indicate no significant differences in the financial performance of regional development banks as measured using the financial ratio indicators ROA, ROE, and LDR. However, there are significant differences in measurements using the NIM and BOPO ratio indicators. Although the financial performance of sharia banks is still lower than that of conventional banks, they are showing an upward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between person-job fit and employee engagement with mediator meaningful work of regional bank employees in Indonesia. A survey questionnaire was administered to employees in bank regions across different departments, with 205 respondents comprising 164 men, 80%, and 41 women, or 20%. Statistical techniques with a partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM 3.3.3) will be used to analyze the relationships and test the mediation effect of Meaningful Work on the relationships between Person Job Fit and Work Engagement. The study's findings demonstrated that Job Person Fit, which is the suitability of self-value with each job given, employees understanding the goals to be achieved in their work, and demand-abilities fit, including knowledge, skills, and personalities, were responsible for specific variations in work-related outcomes. Work engagement can be directly impacted by Job-person fit and indirectly by Meaningful work. Understanding these linkages may help employers design jobs and responsibilities that better fit their workforce's skills, preferences, and values, eventually resulting in a happier and more engaged workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We take the mandatory establishment of the Inclusive Finance Division in large state‐owned banks as a quasi‐experiment to explore the impact of inclusive finance policy on operating performance and risk‐taking behaviours of small regional banks. Using financial information for Chinese banks from 2013 to 2019, we find that small regional banks' performance deteriorated, and they engaged in more risk‐taking activities after the policy shock. Moreover, there are even much sharper performance declines in subsets of city commercial banks, and banks face high competition from large state‐owned banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Genossenschaftswesen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article does an incisive analysis of 'Penalties' imposed by the Reserve Bank of India on the Indian commercial banks. Since 'Penalty' cannot be dissociated from 'Regulation' and 'Compliance,' the paper also studies the latter two. To the best of our knowledge, the 'Penalty' aspect has not hitherto received any serious attention in the literature. The paper covers the decade 2012-13 to 2021-22 and all the commercial banks (except Foreign Banks, Regional Rural Banks, Small Finance Banks and Payment Banks). The study does a disaggregate analysis by dividing the banks into three groups: Public Sector Banks, Old Private Banks and New Private Banks. The study not only computes the amount of penalty levied on these banks over the decade, but also analyses the reasons thereof under various sections of the relevant acts. The paper also briefly looks at the international position and concludes with a menu of policies in order to improve the trinity of 'Regulation', 'Compliance' and 'Penalty' in Indian commercial banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional-owned enterprise is a business entity established by a local government with the purpose of increasing local own-source revenue, where one of the commonly found regional-owned enterprises is a regional-owned enterprise engaged in financial service institutions. The problem that arises for regional owned enterprises engaged in financial service institutions is the overlapping provisions of the laws and regulations that govern them, so this causes legal uncertainty over the position of the Bank. So, to find out the legal certainty of the position of regional development banks, normative legal research methods are used, namely research that uses a statutory approach where the research is carried out on the provisions of the legal aspects of regional-owned enterprises, and aspects of banking law, including the legal aspects regarding limited liability companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that politically connected banks influence economic activity. We exploit shocks to individual banks' political capital following close U.S. congressional elections. We find that regional output growth increases when banks active in the region experience an average positive shock to their political capital. The effect is economically large, but temporary, and is due to lower restructuring in the economy, not increased productivity. We show that eased lending conditions (especially for riskier firms) can account for the growth effect. Our analysis is a first attempt to directly link the politics and finance literature with the finance and growth literature. (JEL , D72, E65, G21, G28, O43, O51). Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing countries are noted for higher interest margins, and banking in Africa has recently witnessed the rise of African regional banks with a Pan-African ambition and the quest to modify the banking landscape. So far, the banking literature has received little attention regarding the determinants of net interest margin (NIM) of commercial banks in Africa, and the empirics across domestic, regional African, and non-African banks has not been studied either. Thus, we fill this lacuna by analyzing the intermediation margins of commercial banks across Africa while detailing the determinants for the three banking groups. We employ annual data of 552 commercial banks for eight years (2011 to 2018) across fifty-two African countries. The results of the study indicate that bank intermediation margin in Africa is a function of pure spread variables (bank concentration, credit risk, risk aversion, interest rate volatility), income from non-traditional banking activities, specialization, other bank-specific (transaction size, operating cost) and macro-economic variables (financial innovation and GDP). The results also suggest that there are some similarities and nuances for the determinants of bank intermediation margins across the domestic, regional African, and non-African banks. The results obtained have significant policy implications for bank regulation and financial sector development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - A Bank is a financial institution that collects and distributes funds to the public to obtain Profitability. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the economic sector, especially the banking sector. The intermediation function needs to run optimally, increasing investment in secondary reserves, decreasing operational efficiency, increasing credit risk, and reducing bank profitability. The research aimed to determine the effect of Banking Intermediation, Secondary Reserves, Operational Efficiency, and Credit Risk on Profitability at Regional Development Banks in Indonesia for the 2019 - 2022 period, partially and simultaneously. Banking Intermediation is measured by the ratio of credit to total third-party funds (Loan to Deposit Ratio/LDR), Secondary Reserve is measured by the percentage of securities held to third-party funds (TPF), Operational Efficiency is measured by the ratio of operating expenses to operating income (OEOI), Credit Risk is measured by Non-performing Loans (NPLs), and Profitability is measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Methodology - Descriptive and verification methods with a quantitative approach will be used in this study with secondary data from published financial reports from 22 Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. Findings - The study's findings show that partially LDR has a positive and significant effect on ROA; Secondary reserve has a positive but not significant impact on ROA; OEOI and NPLs ratios have a negative and significant effect on ROA. While simultaneously, LDR, Secondary Reserve, OEOI Ratio, and NPLs substantially impact ROA. Novelty - Compared to previous studies, bank profitability is not only influenced by banking intermediation, operational efficiency, and credit risk but also by secondary reserves, although not significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]