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1. Susceptibility of primary ovine dorsal soft palate and palatine tonsil cells to FMDV infection.

Author

Sarry, Morgan, Laloy, Eve, Relmy, Anthony, Romey, Aurore, Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, Salomez, Anne-Laure, Huet, Hélène, Hägglund, Sara, Valarcher, Jean-François, Kassimi, Labib Bakkali, and Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra

Subjects
SOFT palate, FOOT & mouth disease, TONSILS, VIRAL antigens, COMMUNICABLE diseases
Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. This disease is one of the most important in animal health due to its significant socio-economic impact, especially in case of an outbreak. One important challenge associated with this disease is the ability of the FMD virus (FMDV) to persist in its hosts through still unresolved underlying mechanisms. The absence of relevant in vitro models is one factor preventing advancement in our understanding of FMDV persistence. While a primary bovine cell model has been established using cells from FMDV primary and persistence site in cattle, it appeared interesting to develop a similar model based on ovine anatomical sites of interest to compare host-pathogen interactions. Thus, epithelial cells derived from the palatine tonsils and the dorsal soft palate were isolated and cultured. Their epithelial nature was confirmed using immunofluorescence. Following monolayer infection with FMDV O/FRA/1/2001 Clone 2.2, the FMDV-sensitivity of these cells was evaluated. Dorsal soft palate (DSP) cells were also expanded in multilayers at the air-liquid interface to mimic a stratified epithelium sensitive to FMDV infection. Our investigation revealed the presence of infectious virus, as well as viral antigens and viral RNA, up to 35 days after infection of the cell multilayers. Further experiment with DSP cells from different individuals needs to be reproduced to confirm the robustness of the new model of persistence in multilayer DSP. The establishment of such primary cells creates new opportunities for FMDV research and analysis in sheep cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. The antibody response induced FMDV vaccines in sheep correlates with early transcriptomic responses in blood

Author

Jouneau, Luc, Lefebvre, David J., Costa, Fleur, Romey, Aurore, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Relmy, Anthony, Jaszczyszyn, Yan, Dard-Dascot, Cloelia, Déjean, Sébastien, Versillé, Nicolas, Guitton, Edouard, Hudelet, Pascal, Curet, Marianne, De Clercq, Kris, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Zientara, Stéphan, Klonjkowski, Bernard, and Schwartz-Cornil, Isabelle

Published
2020
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3. Development of a primary cell model derived from porcine dorsal soft palate for foot-and-mouth disease virus research and diagnosis

Author

Sarry, Morgan, primary, Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, additional, Michaud, Caroline, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Romey, Aurore, additional, Salomez, Anne-Laure, additional, Renson, Patricia, additional, Contrant, Maud, additional, Berthaud, Maxime, additional, Huet, Hélène, additional, Jouvion, Grégory, additional, Hägglund, Sara, additional, Valarcher, Jean-François, additional, Bakkali Kassimi, Labib, additional, and Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, additional

Published
2023
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4. Field Evaluation of a Safe, Easy, and Low-Cost Protocol for Shipment of Samples from Suspected Cases of Foot-and-Mouth Disease to Diagnostic Laboratories

Author

Romey, Aurore, primary, Ularamu, Hussaini G., additional, Bulut, Abdulnaci, additional, Jamal, Syed M., additional, Khan, Salman, additional, Ishaq, Muhammad, additional, Eschbaumer, Michael, additional, Belsham, Graham J., additional, Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Gondard, Mathilde, additional, Benfrid, Souheyla, additional, Wungak, Yiltawe S., additional, Hamers, Claude, additional, Hudelet, Pascal, additional, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, Bakkali Kassimi, Labib, additional, and Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, additional

Published
2023
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5. Field Evaluation of a Safe, Easy, and Low-Cost Protocol for Shipment of Samples from Suspected Cases of Foot-and-Mouth Disease to Diagnostic Laboratories

Author

Romey, Aurore, Ularamu, Hussaini G., Bulut, Abdulnaci, Jamal, Syed M., Khan, Salman, Ishaq, Muhammad, Eschbaumer, Michael, Belsham, Graham J., Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, Relmy, Anthony, Gondard, Mathilde, Benfrid, Souheyla, Wungak, Yiltawe S., Hamers, Claude, Hudelet, Pascal, Zientara, Stéphan, Kassimi, Labib Bakkali, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Romey, Aurore, Ularamu, Hussaini G., Bulut, Abdulnaci, Jamal, Syed M., Khan, Salman, Ishaq, Muhammad, Eschbaumer, Michael, Belsham, Graham J., Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy, Relmy, Anthony, Gondard, Mathilde, Benfrid, Souheyla, Wungak, Yiltawe S., Hamers, Claude, Hudelet, Pascal, Zientara, Stéphan, Kassimi, Labib Bakkali, and Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra

Abstract

Identification and characterization of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains circulating in endemic countries and their dynamics are essential elements of the global FMD control strategy. Characterization of FMDV is usually performed in reference laboratories (RL). However, shipping of FMD samples to RL is a challenge due to the cost and biosafety requirements of transportation, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the strains circulating in some endemic areas. In order to simplify this step and to encourage sample submission to RL, we have previously developed a low-cost protocol for the shipment of FMD samples based on the use of lateral flow devices (LFDs) combined with a simple virus inactivation step using 0.2% citric acid. The present study aimed to evaluate this inactivation protocol in the field. For this purpose, 60 suspected FMD clinical samples were collected in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey, three countries where FMD is endemic. Sample treatment, testing on LFDs, and virus inactivation steps were performed in the field when possible. The effectiveness of the virus inactivation was confirmed at the RL. After RNA extraction from the 60 inactivated LFDs, all were confirmed as FMDV positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serotype was identified by conventional RT-PCR for 86% of the samples. The topotype and/or lineage was successfully determined for 60% of the samples by Sanger sequencing and sequence analyses. After chemical transfection of RNA extracted from inactivated LFDs, into permissive cells, infectious virus was rescued from 15% of the samples. Implementation of this user-friendly protocol can substantially reduce shipping costs, which should increase the submission of field samples and therefore improve knowledge of the circulating FMDV strains.

Published
2023

6. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of pandemic foot-and-mouth disease viruses: the impact of recombination within the emerging O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage

Author

Bachanek-Bankowska, Katarzyna, Di Nardo, Antonello, Wadsworth, Jemma, Mioulet, Valerie, Pezzoni, Giulia, Grazioli, Santina, Brocchi, Emiliana, Kafle, Sharmila Chapagain, Hettiarachchi, Ranjani, Kumarawadu, Pradeep Lakpriya, Eldaghayes, Ibrahim M., Dayhum, Abdunaser S., Meenowa, Deodass, Sghaier, Soufien, Madani, Hafsa, Abouchoaib, Nabil, Hoang, Bui Huy, Vu, Pham Phong, Dukpa, Kinzang, Gurung, Ratna Bahadur, Tenzin, Sangay, Wernery, Ulrich, Panthumart, Alongkorn, Seeyo, Kingkarn Boonsuya, Linchongsubongkoch, Wilai, Relmy, Anthony, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Scherbakov, Alexei, King, Donald P., and Knowles, Nick J.

Published
2018
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8. Identification of diffusion routes of O/EA‐3 topotype of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Africa and Western Asia between 1974 and 2019 – a phylogeographic analysis

Author

Canini, Laëtitia, primary, Blaise‐Boisseau, Sandra, additional, Nardo, Antonello Di, additional, Shaw, Andrew E., additional, Romey, Aurore, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Bernelin‐Cottet, Cindy, additional, Salomez, Anne‐Laure, additional, Haegeman, Andy, additional, Ularamu, Hussaini, additional, Madani, Hafsa, additional, Ouoba, Bruno Lalidia, additional, Zerbo, Habibata Lamouni, additional, Souare, Mamadou Lamarana, additional, Boke, Cyprien Yapi, additional, Eldaghayes, Ibrahim, additional, Dayhum, Abdunaser, additional, Ebou, Moina Hasni, additional, Abouchoaib, Nabil, additional, Sghaier, Soufien, additional, Lefebvre, David, additional, DeClercq, Kris, additional, Milouet, Valerie, additional, Brocchi, Emiliana, additional, Pezzoni, Giulia, additional, Nfon, Charles, additional, King, Donald, additional, Durand, Benoit, additional, Knowles, Nick, additional, Kassimi, Labib Bakkali‐, additional, and Benfrid, Souheyla, additional

Published
2022
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10. Inter-laboratory comparison of 2 ELISA kits used for foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein serology

Author

Browning, Clare F. J., primary, Di Nardo, Antonello, additional, Henry, Lissie, additional, Pollard, Tim, additional, Hendry, Lynne, additional, Romey, Aurore, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Eble, Phaedra, additional, Brocchi, Emiliana, additional, Grazioli, Santina, additional, King, Donald P., additional, and Ludi, Anna B., additional

Published
2020
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11. sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_1040638720978389 – Supplemental material for Molecular characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus strains isolated from an African elephant and rats in a French zoo

Author

Romey, Aurore, Lamglait, Benjamin, Blanchard, Yannick, Touzain, Fabrice, Quenault, Helene, Relmy, Anthony, Zientara, Stephan, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, and Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib

Subjects
70706 Veterinary Medicine, FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Veterinary sciences, 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vdi-10.1177_1040638720978389 for Molecular characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus strains isolated from an African elephant and rats in a French zoo by Aurore Romey, Benjamin Lamglait, Yannick Blanchard, Fabrice Touzain, Helene Quenault, Anthony Relmy, Stephan Zientara, Sandra Blaise-Boisseau and Labib Bakkali-Kassimi in Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

Published
2020
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12. The antibody response induced FMDV vaccines in sheep correlates with early transcriptomic responses in blood

Author

Jouneau, Luc, Lefebvre, David J., Costa, Fleur, Romey, Aurore, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Relmy, Anthony, Jaszczyszyn, Yan, Dard-Dascot, Cloelia, Dejean, Sébastien, Versillé, Nicolas, Guitton, Edouard, Hudelet, Pascal, Curet, Marianne, De Clercq, Kris, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Zientara, Stephan, Klonjkowski, Bernard, Schwartz-Cornil, Isabelle, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Est (UPE), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société d'Exploitation de Produits pour les Industries Chimiques (SEPPIC), Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale (PFIE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mérial [Lyon], Mérial, US-Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, North East Area, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, NY, USA 58-3K95-1658M, Belgian Federal Public Service for Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment RI14/2-26, ANR-14-ANWA-0007,TRANSCRIPTOVAC,Host response gene signatures associated with FMDV infection, vaccination and persistence.(2014), Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Inactivated vaccines, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Live attenuated vaccines, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, viruses, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, Viral infection, Adjuvants, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, lcsh:RC581-607
Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease with high economic impact, representing a major threat for cloven-hooved mammals worldwide. Vaccines based on adjuvanted inactivated virus (iFMDV) induce effective protective immunity implicating antibody (Ab) responses. To reduce the biosafety constraints of the manufacturing process, a non-replicative human adenovirus type 5 vector encoding FMDV antigens (Ad5-FMDV) has been developed. Here we compared the immunogenicity of iFMDV and Ad5-FMDV with and without the ISA206VG emulsion-type adjuvant in sheep. Contrasted Ab responses were obtained: iFMDV induced the highest Ab levels, Ad5-FMDV the lowest ones, and ISA206VG increased the Ad5-FMDV-induced Ab responses to protective levels. Each vaccine generated heterogeneous Ab responses, with high and low responders, the latter being considered as obstacles to vaccine effectiveness. A transcriptomic study on total blood responses at 24 h post-vaccination revealed several blood gene module activities correlating with long-term Ab responses. Downmodulation of T cell modules’ activities correlated with high responses to iFMDV and to Ad5-FMDV+ISA206VG vaccines as also found in other systems vaccinology studies in humans and sheep. The impact of cell cycle activity depended on the vaccine types, as it positively correlated with higher responses to iFMDV but negatively to non-adjuvanted Ad5-FMDV. Finally an elevated B cell activity at 24 h correlated with high Ab responses to the Ad5-FMDV+ISA206VG vaccine. This study provides insights into the early mechanisms driving the Ab response induced by different vaccine regimens including Ad5 vectors and points to T cell modules as early biomarker candidates of different vaccine-type efficacy across species., Foot and mouth disease virus: correlates of protection Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a serious pathogen of cloven hoofed mammals and is of high economic and veterinary importance. Inactivated vaccine (iFMDV) is effective but difficult to produce because of high biosafety level requirements; non-replicating adenovirus vectors carrying key FMDV antigens (Ad5-FMDV) might therefore represent an attractive alternative. Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil and colleagues use sheep to systematically compare vaccination with adjuvanted iFMDV, adjuvanted Ad5-FMDV, or non-adjuvanted Ad5-FMDV. All vaccines produce neutralizing antibody responses which are stable to at least one year, however the iFMDV group elicits the strongest response, followed by the adjuvanted Ad5-FMDV. Ad5-FMDV alone produces weak antibody titers. Blood transcriptomic analysis performed in the first 24 h following vaccination identifies a reduced T cell gene expression module as a correlate of high neutralizing antibody titers. Blood gene expression might therefore offer insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of humoral immunity as well as provide useful biomarker correlates of protection.

Published
2019
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13. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot‐andmouth disease virus in Chad

Author

Abdel-Aziz, Arada Izzedine, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Laloy, Eve, Metras, Raphaëlle, Munoz, Facundo, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stéphan, Lancelot, Renaud, Bakkali Kassimi, Labib, Abdel-Aziz, Arada Izzedine, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Laloy, Eve, Metras, Raphaëlle, Munoz, Facundo, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stéphan, Lancelot, Renaud, and Bakkali Kassimi, Labib

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19–63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK®FMDV types O and A and in‐house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%.

Published
2020

14. Inter-laboratory comparison of 2 ELISA kits used for foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural protein serology

Author

Browning, Clare F.J., Di Nardo, Antonello, Henry, Lissie, Pollard, Tim, Hendry, Lynne, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Eble, Phaedra, Brocchi, Emiliana, Grazioli, Santina, King, Donald P., Ludi, Anna B., Browning, Clare F.J., Di Nardo, Antonello, Henry, Lissie, Pollard, Tim, Hendry, Lynne, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Eble, Phaedra, Brocchi, Emiliana, Grazioli, Santina, King, Donald P., and Ludi, Anna B.

Abstract

Serologic assays used to detect antibodies to nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are used for disease surveillance in endemic countries, and are essential to providing evidence for freedom of the disease with or without vaccination and to recover the free status of a country after an outbreak. In a 5-site inter-laboratory study, we compared the performance of 2 commercial NSP ELISA kits (ID Screen FMD NSP ELISA single day [short] and overnight protocols, ID.Vet; PrioCHECK FMDV NS antibody ELISA, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The overall concordance between the PrioCHECK and ID Screen test was 93.8% (95% CI: 92.0–95.2%) and 94.8% (95% CI: 93.1–96.1%) for the overnight and short ID Screen incubation protocols, respectively. Our results indicate that the assays (including the 2 different formats of the ID Screen test) can be used interchangeably in post-outbreak serosurveillance.

Published
2020

15. Model of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate

Author

Hagglund, Sara, Laloy, Eve, Naslund, Katarina, Pfaff, Florian, Eschbaumer, Michael, Romey, Aurore, RELMY, Anthony, Rikberg, Annika, Svensson, Anna, Huet, Hélène, Gorna, Kamila, Zuehlke, Daniela, Riedel, Katharina, Beer, Martin, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali, Labib, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, VALARCHER, Jean François, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Svenska Forskningsradet FormasSwedish Research Council Formas, Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE, Germany), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANIHWA ERA NET Transcriptovac FPFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [26]

Subjects
Male, Swine, bovine dorsal soft palate, animal diseases, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cattle Diseases, Genome, Viral, Cell Line, Animals, foot‐and‐mouth disease virus, Antigens, Viral, Cells, Cultured, foot-and-mouth disease virus, Original Articles, persistence, Immunohistochemistry, epithelial cells, air‐liquid interface models, air-liquid interface models, cattle, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, RNA, Viral, Female, Original Article, Palate, Soft
Abstract

International audience; Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV-free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed a model of persistent FMDV infection in bovine dorsal soft palate (DSP). Primary DSP cells were isolated after commercial slaughter and were cultured in multilayers at the air-liquid interface. After 5 weeks of culture without further passage, the cells were infected with FMDV strain O/FRA/1/2001. Approximately, 20% of cells still had a polygonal morphology and displayed tight junctions as in stratified squamous epithelia. Subsets of cells expressed cytokeratin and most or all cells expressed vimentin. In contrast to monolayers in medium, multilayers in air demonstrated only a limited cytopathic effect. Integrin alpha(V)beta(6) expression was observed in mono- but not in multilayers. FMDV antigen, FMDV RNA and live virus were detected from day 1 to 28, with peaks at day 1 and 2. The proportion of infected cells was highest at 24 hr (3% and 36% of cells at an MOI of 0.01 and 1, respectively). At day 28 after infection, at a time when animals that still harbour FMDV are considered carriers, FMDV antigen was detected in 0.2%-2.1% of cells, in all layers, and live virus was isolated from supernatants of 6/8 cultures. On the consensus level, the viral genome did not change within the first 24 hr after infection. Only a few minor single nucleotide variants were detected, giving no indication of the presence of a viral quasispecies. The air-liquid interface model of DSP brings new possibilities to investigate FMDV persistence in a controlled manner.

Published
2019
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17. The Immunomodulatory Effect of IrSPI, a Tick Salivary Gland Serine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Ixodes ricinus Tick Feeding

Author

Blisnick, Adrien, primary, Šimo, Ladislav, additional, Grillon, Catherine, additional, Fasani, Fabienne, additional, Brûlé, Sébastien, additional, Le Bonniec, Bernard, additional, Prina, Eric, additional, Marsot, Maud, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, additional, Richardson, Jennifer, additional, and Bonnet, Sarah, additional

Published
2019
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18. Molecular characterization of encephalomyocarditis virus strains isolated from an African elephant and rats in a French zoo.

Author

Romey, Aurore, Lamglait, Benjamin, Blanchard, Yannick, Touzain, Fabrice, Quenault, Helene, Relmy, Anthony, Zientara, Stephan, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, and Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib

Subjects
AFRICAN elephant, RATS, ELEPHANTS, ZOOS, RATTUS rattus, NUCLEOTIDE sequence
Abstract

In November 2013, a fatal encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) case in a captive African elephant (Loxodonta africana) occurred at the Réserve Africaine de Sigean, a zoo in the south of France. Here we report the molecular characterization of the EMCV strains isolated from samples collected from the dead elephant and from 3 rats (Rattus rattus) captured in the zoo at the same time. The EMCV infection was confirmed by reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) and genome sequencing. Complete genome sequencing and sequence alignment indicated that the elephant's EMCV strain was 98.1–99.9% identical to the rat EMCV isolates at the nucleotide sequence level. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF, P1, VP1, and 3D sequences revealed that the elephant and rat strains clustered into lineage A of the EMCV 1 group. To our knowledge, molecular characterization of EMCV in France and Europe has not been reported previously in a captive elephant. The full genome analyses of EMCV isolated from an elephant and rats in the same outbreak emphasizes the role of rodents in EMCV introduction and circulation in zoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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19. Molecular epidemiology of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Chad

Author

Abdel-Aziz, Arada Izzedine, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Laloy, Eve, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stéphan, Lancelot, Renaud, and Bakkali Kassimi, Labib

Subjects
viruses, L73 - Maladies des animaux
Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting domestic and wild artiodactyl animals. Its causative agent is foot-and–mouth disease virus (FMDV: Aphtovirus, Picornaviridae). Seven immunologically distinct serotypes (O, A, C, Asia1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3) and many subtypes are described worldwide. FMD is one of the most economically devastating diseases of livestock. It is enzootic in many parts of the world including sub-Saharan Africa. Most studies on FMD are carried out in countries where control measures are implemented. On the other hand, in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, where FMD is endemic and new strains are likely to spread due to animal movements, there are very few published studies on FMDV molecular epidemiology. In Chad particularly, no studies have been conducted to investigate circulating FMDV strains. This work aims to understand the transmission process of FMDV in the pastoral area of Chad, based on a stratified sample of livestock herds (fig. 1). Susceptible animals (cattle, sheep, goats, and camels) were sampled according to the a priori risk of FMD spread in Chad, evaluated by a qualitative risk analysis combining the risks of its introduction and dissemination. In total, 2,195 sera and eight epithelium samples were collected from October to December 2016 in six districts (Batha-Ouest, Batha-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Wadi-fira, Chari and Lac Wey). Five out of the eight samples tested positive by real-time RT-PCR targeting the FMDV IRES region or the FMDV 3D polymerase coding region. Further analyses targeting specifically the VP1 coding region showed SAT2 type for four samples out of these five FMDV positive samples. Finally amplification and sequencing of the VP1 coding region of these four SAT2 positive samples was carried out to characterize more precisely the strains. Preliminary results were obtained for one sample, confirming the presence of a SAT2 virus, closely related to FMDV SAT2 viruses isolated in Egypt in 2012. Serological analyses are pending. Filling the gap of knowledge concerning the FMDV strains circulating in Chad could both contribute to a better selection of vaccine strains but also to an update of the available molecular epidemiology data of FMD virus in sub-Saharan Africa in general.

Published
2017

20. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus in Chad.

Author

Abdel‐Aziz, Arada Izzedine, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Laloy, Eve, Métras, Raphaelle, Muñoz, Facundo, Blaise‐Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stephan, Lancelot, Renaud, and Bakkali Kassimi, Labib

Subjects
VIRUS diseases, FOOT & mouth disease, SEROPREVALENCE, EPITHELIUM, CATTLE showing, SYMPTOMS, CATTLE
Abstract

This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19–63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK®FMDV types O and A and in‐house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Model of persistent foot‐and‐mouth disease virus infection in multilayered cells derived from bovine dorsal soft palate.

Author

Hägglund, Sara, Laloy, Eve, Näslund, Katarina, Pfaff, Florian, Eschbaumer, Michael, Romey, Aurore, Relmy, Anthony, Rikberg, Annika, Svensson, Anna, Huet, Helene, Gorna, Kamila, Zühlke, Daniela, Riedel, Katharina, Beer, Martin, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali‐Kassimi, Labib, Blaise‐Boisseau, Sandra, and Valarcher, Jean François

Subjects
FOOT & mouth disease, SOFT palate, VIRUS diseases, COMMUNICABLE diseases, VIRAL genomes, INTEGRINS, CLASSICAL swine fever, KERATIN
Abstract

Foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in livestock, with serious consequences for international trade. The virus persists in the nasopharynx of cattle and this slows down the process to obtain an FMDV‐free status after an outbreak. To study biological mechanisms, or to identify molecules that can be targeted to diagnose or interfere with persistence, we developed a model of persistent FMDV infection in bovine dorsal soft palate (DSP). Primary DSP cells were isolated after commercial slaughter and were cultured in multilayers at the air‐liquid interface. After 5 weeks of culture without further passage, the cells were infected with FMDV strain O/FRA/1/2001. Approximately, 20% of cells still had a polygonal morphology and displayed tight junctions as in stratified squamous epithelia. Subsets of cells expressed cytokeratin and most or all cells expressed vimentin. In contrast to monolayers in medium, multilayers in air demonstrated only a limited cytopathic effect. Integrin αVβ6 expression was observed in mono‐ but not in multilayers. FMDV antigen, FMDV RNA and live virus were detected from day 1 to 28, with peaks at day 1 and 2. The proportion of infected cells was highest at 24 hr (3% and 36% of cells at an MOI of 0.01 and 1, respectively). At day 28 after infection, at a time when animals that still harbour FMDV are considered carriers, FMDV antigen was detected in 0.2%–2.1% of cells, in all layers, and live virus was isolated from supernatants of 6/8 cultures. On the consensus level, the viral genome did not change within the first 24 hr after infection. Only a few minor single nucleotide variants were detected, giving no indication of the presence of a viral quasispecies. The air‐liquid interface model of DSP brings new possibilities to investigate FMDV persistence in a controlled manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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22. Animal Health crisis in the Indian Ocean: Foot and mouth disease virus in Mauritius and Rodrigues in 2016. [P2 14]

Author

Relmy, Anthony, Romey, Aurore, Gorna, Kamila, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Laloy, Eve, Deodass, M., Samoisy, K., Rasamoelina, Harena, Ramjee, R., Jahangeer, A., Cardinale, Eric, Sailleau, Corinne, Lecollinet, Sylvie, Zientara, Stéphan, Bakkali Kassimi, Labib, Relmy, Anthony, Romey, Aurore, Gorna, Kamila, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Laloy, Eve, Deodass, M., Samoisy, K., Rasamoelina, Harena, Ramjee, R., Jahangeer, A., Cardinale, Eric, Sailleau, Corinne, Lecollinet, Sylvie, Zientara, Stéphan, and Bakkali Kassimi, Labib

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral animal disease affecting domestic and wild artiodactyls (cattle, pigs, goats, pigs, African buffaloes ...). This disease is widespread throughout the world and is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, the Middle East and South America. It is more rarely found in islands. The causative agent is a virus of the genus Aphtovirus within the Picornaviridae family and termed FMDV (Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus). This virus has significant genetic and antigenic variability with seven immunologically distinct serotypes (O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1 to 3) each subdivided into several subtypes. In July-August 2016, an outbreak of FMD was reported in southeastern Africa on the Mauritius and Rodrigues Islands. Upon request, the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) in Maisons-Alfort implemented an emergency diagnosis aiming at detecting and characterizing the virus involved in this epizootic without delay. Epithelium, blood and serum samples collected from 10 bovines at Valley des Pretres and Cité la Cure in Mauritius and 3 epitheliums collected in Rodrigues were sent to the NRL. The following analyzes were performed on epithelial samples: (i) viral genome detection by real-time RT-PCR targeting the FMDV IRES region or the FMDV 3D polymerase coding region , (ii) typing by conventional RT-PCR targeting the VP1 coding region for serotypes O, A, SAT1 and SAT2, (iii) viral isolation using two epithelial cell lines (IBRS-2 and ZZ-R 127). Antigen-capture ELISA was performed on isolated virus to confirm the serotype involved and amplification then sequencing of the coding region for capsid major protein VP1 was carried out to characterize more precisely the strain involved. FMDV was detected by RT-PCR in the 13 epithelium samples tested and successfully isolated from 11 out of the 13. The serotype was identified as FMDV-O in Ag-ELISA for all isolates and conventional RT-PCR VP1 sequencing confirmed serotype O. These results were obtained and transm

Published
2017

23. Émergence et ré-émergence de deux dangers sanitaires de catégorie 1 en France (FCO) et à Maurice (FA)

Author

Zientara, Stéphan, primary, Sailleau, Corinne, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Vitour, Damien, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Belbis, Guillaume, additional, Gorna, Kamila, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Romey, Aurore, additional, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, additional, Cardinale, Éric, additional, and Bakkali Kassimi, Labib, additional

Published
2017
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24. Molecular characterization of Orf virus in goats in Gabon, Central Africa

Author

Maganga, Gael D., primary, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, additional, Ngoubangoye, Barthélémy, additional, Tsoumbou, Thierry, additional, Bouchier, Christiane, additional, N’Dilimabaka, Nadine, additional, Leroy, Eric M., additional, Zientara, Stéphan, additional, and Berthet, Nicolas, additional

Published
2016
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25. Production et caractérisation d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre le virus de la fiévre aphteuse

Author

RELMY, Anthony, Romey, Aurore, Gorna, Kamila, Gëolier, Valérie, Weber, M., Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

26. Evaluation de la spécificité de deux kits Elisa commerciaux pour la détection des anticorps anti-virus de la fiévre aphteuse

Author

Romey, Aurore, RELMY, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Allemandou, Aude, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali-Kassimi, Labib, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

27. Development of a multiplex immunoassay

Author

Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Guy, Monique, Leboucher, Emilye, Dominguez, Elisa, Garnier, Annabelle, RELMY, Anthony, Allemandou., Aude, CAROCCI, Margot, Gorna, Kamila, Romey, Aurore, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali, Labib, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Labo/service de l'auteur, Ville service, Pays service., Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences
Abstract

absent

Published
2011

28. Production d’un virus recombinant chimèreEMCV-FMDV en vu de son utilisation commevaccin marqueur contre la fièvre aphteuse

Author

CAROCCI, Margot, Romey, Aurore, RELMY, Anthony, Gorna, Kamila, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali, Labib, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), 5ème colloque international francophone de microbiologie animale. Labo/service de l'auteur, Ville service., and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

29. Diagnostic de la Fièvre Aphteuse au Laboratoire National de Référence en France:méthodes actuelles et perspectives de développement

Author

Gorna, Kamila, RELMY, Anthony, Romey, Aurore, CAROCCI, Margot, Blaise-Boisseau, Sandra, Zientara, Stephan, Bakkali, Labib, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Labo/service de l'auteur, Ville service, Pays service., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2011

30. The French network of regional laboratories to identify and genotype Bluetongue viruses in 2008

Author

Zientara, Stephan, Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Gorna, Kamila, RELMY, Anthony, Sellal, E, Tisserand, Fabien, Bouley, S, Blanchard, B, Bertrand, E, Virologie, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), and Inconnu

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2009

31. The French network of regional laboratories to identify and genotype Bluetongue viruses in 2008

Author

Sailleau, Corinne, Viarouge, Cyril, Gorna, Kamila, RELMY, Anthony, Sellal, E, Bouley, S, Blanchard, B, Bertrand, E, Zientara, Stephan, Virologie, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), and Inconnu

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2009

32. Expression of VP7, a Bluetongue Virus Group Specific Antigen by Viral Vectors: Analysis of the Induced Immune Responses and Evaluation of Protective Potential in Sheep

Author

Bouet-Cararo, Coraline, primary, Contreras, Vanessa, additional, Caruso, Agathe, additional, Top, Sokunthea, additional, Szelechowski, Marion, additional, Bergeron, Corinne, additional, Viarouge, Cyril, additional, Desprat, Alexandra, additional, Relmy, Anthony, additional, Guibert, Jean-Michel, additional, Dubois, Eric, additional, Thiery, Richard, additional, Bréard, Emmanuel, additional, Bertagnoli, Stephane, additional, Richardson, Jennifer, additional, Foucras, Gilles, additional, Meyer, Gilles, additional, Schwartz-Cornil, Isabelle, additional, Zientara, Stephan, additional, and Klonjkowski, Bernard, additional

Published
2014
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