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Supplementary material, videos, data and analysis code underlying the paper Jones, NAR, Webster, M, Templeton, CN, Schuster, S, & Rendell, L (2018) "Presence of an audience and consistent inter-individual differences affect archerfish shooting behaviour" Animal Behaviour. Full paper at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.024

Data and code for Bossley, Steiner, Brakes, Shrimpton, Foster & Rendell Tail walking in a bottlenose dolphin community: The rise and fall of an arbitrary cultural “fad”

Figure S1-S5 and Table S1-S3 mentioned in main text

Culture (behaviour based on socially transmitted information) is present in diverse animal species, yet how it interacts with genetic evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we review the evidence for gene-culture coevolution in animals, especially birds, cetaceans and primates. We describe how culture can relax or intensify selection under different circumstances, create new selection pressures by changing ecology or behaviour, and favour adaptations, including in other species. Finally, we illustrate how, through culturally mediated migration and assortative mating, culture can shape population genetic structure and diversity. This evidence suggests strongly that animal culture plays an important evolutionary role, and we encourage explicit analyses of gene-culture coevolution in nature.

This file includes: detailed methods; the results of analyses using different definitions of regions and parameter values; and a catalogue of the other supplementary files (Excel and MATLAB files of data and programming code)

A key goal of conservation is to protect biodiversity by supporting the long-term persistence of viable, natural populations of wild species. Conservation practice has long been guided by genetic, ecological and demographic indicators of risk. Emerging evidence of animal culture across diverse taxa and its role as a driver of evolutionary diversification, population structure and demographic processes may be essential for augmenting these conventional conservation approaches and decision-making. The animal culture was the focus of a ground-breaking resolution under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), an international treaty operating under the UN Environment Programme. Here, we synthesize existing evidence to demonstrate how social learning and animal culture interact with processes important to conservation management. Specifically, we explore how social learning might influence population viability, be an important resource in response to anthropogenic change and provide examples of how it can result in phenotypically distinct units with different, socially learnt behavioural strategies. While identifying culture and social learning can be challenging, indirect identification and parsimonious inferences may be informative. Finally, we identify relevant methodologies and provide a framework for viewing behavioural data through a cultural lens which might provide new insights for conservation management.