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Context: The Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) is commonly employed in clinical settings for evaluating the hip posterolateral muscle strength. In this study, we introduced the "Field Hip Stability Isometric Test" (F-HipSIT) and assessed the intrarater and interrater reliability of this strength assessment specifically designed for sports settings. Design: Reliability study. Methods: Two independent raters (A and B) went to athletes' training facilities to conduct 2 sessions of F-HipSIT spaced at least 1 week apart. The average peak force value from 3 valid attempts of each leg was recorded and normalized by the participant's body mass for statistical analysis. Results: Thirty male and 30 female amateur athletes took part in this study. Rater A obtained similar values in the first (0.39 [0.05] and 0.44 [0.07] kg·f/kg) and second (0.39 [0.06] and 0.45 [0.07] kg·f/kg) testing days for men and women, respectively. Rater B also found similar values in the first (0.35 [0.06] and 0.42 [0.08] kg·f/kg) and second (0.36 [0.06] and 0.45 [0.08] kg·f/kg) testing days for men and women, respectively. Excellent intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were found for men (ICC =.922) and women (ICC =.930), with coefficient of variation of 6% to 8% and minimal detectable change of 0.06 to 0.10 kg·f/kg. The F-HipSIT presented good interrater reliability for men (ICC =.857) and women (ICC =.868), with coefficient of variation of 5% and minimal detectable change of 0.05 to 0.06 kg·f/kg. Conclusion: The F-HipSIT intrarater and interrater reliability among male and female recreational athletes supports this field test as a quick and convenient screening tool to monitor hip posterolateral muscle strength in sports settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment self-reporting not to be meeting recommended physical activity levels participated in this study to (a) determine compliance of wearing (thigh-worn) accelerometers, (b) describe physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, and (c) determine the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) compared with activPAL accelerometers. A total of 79 people had valid accelerometer data (median [interquartile range]: age, 71 [54–75] years). Compliance was 86.81%. Participants were sedentary for 10.6 hr per day and engaged in a median of 9 min per day of moderate-intensity physical activity. Fair correlations were found between the PASE and total stepping time per day (r =.35, p <.01), total number of steps per day (r =.36, p <.01), and number of steps in stepping activities completed for ≤1 min (r =.42, p <.01). The PASE and Standing time (r =.04, p =.724) and PASE and Sitting time (r =.04, p =.699) had little to no relationship. The use of thigh-worn accelerometers for this population is achievable. People with Mild Cognitive Impairment have high levels of sedentary behavior and minimal engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity. The PASE has fair, positive criterion validity with activity-based outcomes measured by activPAL accelerometers but not with sedentary behavior, which is high for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to cross-validate a recently proposed equation for the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O 2 max) in cycling exercise by using the average power output normalized by the body mass from a 5-minute time trial (RPO5-min) as the independent variable. Further, the study aimed to update the predictive equation using Bayesian informative prior distributions and meta-analysis. Methods: On different days, 49 male cyclists performed an incremental graded exercise test until exhaustion and a 5-minute time trial on a stationary cycle ergometer. We compared the actual V ˙ O 2 max with the predicted value obtained from the RPO5-min, using a modified Bayesian Bland–Altman agreement analysis. In addition, this study updated the data on the linear regression between V ˙ O 2 max and RPO5-min, by incorporating information from a previous study as a Bayesian informative prior distribution or via meta-analysis. Results: On average, the predicted V ˙ O 2 max using RPO5-min underestimated the actual V ˙ O 2 max by −6.6 mL·kg–1·min–1 (95% credible interval, −8.6 to −4.7 mL·kg–1·min–1). The lower and upper 95% limits of agreement were −17.2 (−22.7 to −12.3) and 3.8 (−1.0 to 9.5) mL·kg–1·min–1, respectively. When the current study's data were analyzed using the previously published data as a Bayesian informative prior distribution, the accuracy of predicting sample means was found to be better when compared with the data combined via meta-analyses. Conclusions: The proposed equation presented systematic bias in our sample, in which the prediction underestimated the actual V ˙ O 2 max. We provide an updated equation using the previous one as the prior distribution, which could be generalized to a greater audience of cyclists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Psychological difficulties can adversely affect rehabilitation outcomes and make return to sport more difficult . Identifying psychological difficulties is possible with valid and reliable measurement tools. The purpose of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the Reinjury Anxiety Inventory (RIAI), the Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (SIRAS), and the Athletic Injury Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AISEQ) into Turkish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions. Design: Cross-sectional study . Methods.· The instruments were forward- and back-translated, culturally adapted, and validated on 248 athletes and 34 physical therapists. The physical therapists of the athletes completed the SIRAS to evaluate the athletes. Statistical analysis included reliability tests (Cronbach alpha and test-retest), exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlational analysis . Floor and ceiling effects (< 15%) were also assessed. Results : Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a satisfactory model fit for the RIAI and the AISEQ, and exploratory factor analysis revealed the 1 -factor structure for the SIRAS as in the original. All 3 instruments displayed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficients ranged from .84 to .88) and test-retest reliability (coefficients ranged from .81 to .93). Convergent validity of the instruments was supported by significant correlations between the AISEQ and both the RIAI and the SIRAS. Conclusions : Our results suggest that the Turkish versions of the instruments were valid, consistent, and reliable in athletes who have serious injuries. Scores on these instruments could be useful for evaluating the contributions of psychological factors to return to sport following serious injuries. Clinicians are encouraged to use RIAI-Turkish (RIAI-TR), SIRAS-Turkish (SIRAS- TR), and AISEQ-Turkish (AISEQ-TR) together to make decisions about the treatment and rehabilitation plans of injured athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new work design model, SMART work design, that identifies five higher order categories of work characteristics, including stimulating work characteristics (task variety, skill variety, information processing requirements, and problem‐solving requirements), mastery work characteristics (job feedback, feedback from others, and role clarity), autonomous work characteristics (decision‐making autonomy, timing autonomy, and method autonomy), relational work characteristics (social support, task significance, and beneficiary contact), and tolerable work characteristics (low levels of: role overload, work–home conflict, and role conflict). Higher order confirmatory factor analysis of working participants provided initial evidence of this structure (Study 1, N = 1107), which was replicated in an additional dataset (Study 2, time 1, N = 709). To provide further evidence, we examined Study 2 data across three waves (N = 573) to show that each higher order factor at time 1 predicted time 3 job satisfaction either directly or via the theorized time 2 mediators (challenge appraisals, work meaningfulness, fulfillment of relatedness needs, and activated negative affect). In Study 3 (N = 108), employees' scores on specific higher order variables correlated with leader ratings of performance in the expected ways. The SMART work design model provides a unique integrating and multidimensional theory of work design that extends beyond existing models. The model can be used to facilitate the synthesis of research knowledge and guide scholars and practitioners to diagnose and address contemporary work design challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) to assess the moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) level of children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and propose cut-points, with accelerometer measures as the reference method. Method: Children and adolescents, aged 8–14 years (mean age = 12.21 y, SD = 2.09), diagnosed with HIV by vertical transmission, participated in the study. MVPA was investigated through the PAQ-C and triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+). Receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity and specificity values were used to identify a cut-point for PAQ-C to distinguish participants meeting MVPA guidelines. Results: Fifty-six children and adolescents participated in the study. Among those, 16 met MVPA guidelines. The PAQ-C score was significantly related to accelerometry-derived MVPA (ρ =.506, P <.001). The PAQ-C score cut-point of 2.151 (sensitivity = 0.625, specificity = 0.875) was able to discriminate between those who met MVPA guidelines and those that did not (area under the curve = 0.751, 95% confidence interval, 0.616–0.886). Conclusion: The PAQ-C was useful to investigate MVPA among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV and to identify those who meet MVPA guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most people with intellectual disabilities have comorbid health conditions, which will impact optimization of sporting performance. Classification is used in Paralympic events to ensure that those with similar levels of functional ability compete fairly against each other. An evidence-based approach needs to be developed for athletes with intellectual disabilities to be classified in relation to their overall functional capacity into competition groups of similar ability. This research builds on previous work using the taxonomy of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to group athletes with intellectual disabilities into comparable competition groups as an approach to Paralympic classification. Three groups of athletes—Virtus, Special Olympics, and Down syndrome—are compared using the ICF questionnaire indicating functional health status in relation to sporting performance. The questionnaire was found to discriminate between athletes with Down syndrome and other athletes, and an approach to using a cutoff score to develop competition classes is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing body of research on algorithmic management (AM), but the field lacks measurement tools to capture workers' experiences of this phenomenon. Based on existing literature, we developed and validated the algorithmic management questionnaire (AMQ) to measure the perceptions of workers regarding their level of exposure to AM. Across three samples (overall n = 1332 gig workers), we show the content, factorial, discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity of the scale. The final 20‐item scale assesses workers' perceived level of exposure to algorithmic: monitoring, goal setting, scheduling, performance rating, and compensation. These dimensions formed a higher order construct assessing overall exposure to algorithmic management, which was found to be, as expected, negatively related to the work characteristics of job autonomy and job complexity and, indirectly, to work engagement. Supplementary analyses revealed that perceptions of exposure to AM reflect the objective presence of AM dimensions beyond individual variations in exposure. Overall, the results suggest the suitability of the AMQ to assess workers' perceived exposure to algorithmic management, which paves the way for further research on the impacts of these rapidly accelerating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the UMOVE Mobility Screen in older adults living with dementia using a Rasch analysis and hypothesis testing. The UMOVE Mobility Screen (UMOVE) focuses on nine activities: following commands, muscle strength, and basic functional mobility tasks. Trained evaluators completed assessments on 244 patients, the majority of whom were female (62%), and White (71%). Based on Rasch Analysis, there was evidence of good item and person reliability (indexes > 0.80), good INFIT statistics, and only one item fitting the model based on OUTFIT statistics. Validity was supported based on hypothesis testing. There was no evidence of Differential Item Functioning between races and genders. Item mapping raised concerns about the spread of the items across the full spectrum of mobility assessed in the UMOVE Mobility Screen. Future testing should consider adding some easier and some more difficult items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In public libraries, especially those in rural settings, it is important that every dime of library funding is leveraged effectively into serving the community. As part of a year-long project beginning in January 2023, we are evaluating item-level cost-effectiveness for each circulating item housed at the public library in Lakeville, Indiana. Through the use of big(ish) data, some custom Python scripting, and machine learning algorithms we hope to answer: How much money is saved by library patrons through their use of the public library's physical collection? How much money is saved by the community through the operation of a public library based on the use of the circulating collection? And are there any non-obvious traits which make an item or title a more or less cost-effective circulating asset? In this column, I will describe the scripts, share initial findings, discuss challenges, and investigate next steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep collectively impact health of older adults. There is a need for valid self-reported methods for the assessment of movement behaviors across the entire 24-hr day. The aim of this study was to explore the validity of the German version of Daily Activity Behaviours Questionnaire (DABQ), the "Schlaf- und Aktivitätsfragebogen (SAF)," among older adults. Participants were asked to wear activity monitor (activPAL) for a period of 8 days and to complete the German version of DABQ. Seventy-seven participants (45 females; 68 ± 5 years of age) completed the protocol. Spearman's correlation coefficients between DABQ and activPAL estimates for time spent in sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity were.69,.35,.24, and.52, respectively. The German version of the DABQ showed satisfactory validity to be used in epidemiological research and population surveillance among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: An easy-to-administer, function-based questionnaire to assess patients with various foot problems was required for a Greek-speaking population. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Quick Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (Quick-FAAM) into Greek and evaluate its reliability and validity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Established international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires were followed. The face and content validity of the Greek version of the Quick-FAAM (Quick-FAAM-GR), as well as the internal consistency and test-retest reliability upon repeated administration after 5 days, were examined. In addition, the construct validity of the scale was examined via exploratory factor analysis as well as by testing for associations with the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, the 12-item Short-Form Survey (version 2), and a functional balance assessment test--the Y-Balance Test. Results: Sixty participants (18 women) with self-reported chronic ankle instability symptoms, with a median (interquartile range) age of 27 (7.7) years, participated in the study. Half of the participants were included in the test-retest reliability study. The Quick-FAAM-GR demonstrated face and content validity. Excellent internal consistency (Cronbach a =.961) and intrarater test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC[2,1] = .93) were demonstrated, with a comparable error margin to the original version (standard error of the measurement = 2.1, 95% minimum detectable change = 5.9). Associations of the Quick-FAAM-GR scores to other questionnaires ranged from weak to strong (Spearman rho), all being statistically significant (Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index from -.26, P = .04, to -.67, P< .001, and 12-item Short-Form Survey, version 2, between .41 and .72, P<.001), and to the Y-Balance Test between lower-limb differences (-.35 to -.58, P< .001). The exploratory factor analysis confirmed the single- factor structure of this scale. No floor/ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: The Greek Quick-FAAM has proven to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating chronic ankle instability and can be used for clinical and research purposes in Greek- speaking individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "2-point method," originally referred to as the "2-load method," was proposed in 2016 by Prof Slobodan Jaric to characterize the maximal mechanical capacities of the muscles to produce force, velocity, and power. Two years later, in 2018, Prof Jaric and I summarized in a review article the scientific evidence showing that the 2-point method, compared with the multiple-point method, is capable of providing the outcomes of the force–velocity (F–V) and load–velocity (L–V) relationships with similar reliability and high concurrent validity. However, a major gap of our review was that, until 2018, the feasibility of the 2-point method had only been explored through testing procedures based on multiple (more than 2) loads. This is problematic because (1) it has misled users into thinking that implementing the 2-point method inevitably requires testing more than 2 conditions and (2) obtaining the data from the same test could have artificially inflated the concurrent validity of the 2-point method. To overcome these limitations, subsequent studies have implemented in separate sessions the 2-point method under field conditions (only 2 different loads applied in the testing protocol) and the standard multiple-point method. These studies consistently demonstrate that while the outcomes of the 2-point method exhibit comparable reliability, they tend to have slightly higher magnitudes compared with the standard multiple-point method. This review article emphasizes the practical aspects that should be considered when applying the 2-point method under field conditions to obtain the main outcomes of the F–V and L–V relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation to European Portuguese of the Composite Physical Function Scale and to assess its validity and reliability in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. The scale was translated into European Portuguese, back translated, and piloted in a sample of 16 representative individuals. Its validity and reliability were tested in an independent sample of 114 community-dwelling older adults (52 were tested twice to assess test–retest reliability). The results showed that the scale had good internal consistency (α =.90), construct validity (ρ =.71) and measurement error (78.8% agreement), and excellent test–retest reliability (κ =.98). However, a ceiling effect was found as 28% of the participants achieved the highest possible score. Although the scale has good measurement properties, the presence of ceiling effects is indicative that this tool is not able to distinguish higher levels of intrinsic capacity within community-dwelling older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Long-lever shoulder strength tests may aid clinical decision-making regarding return to sport after a shoulder injury. The Athletic Shoulder Test (AST) was developed to measure force production in 3 positions of shoulder abduction (90°, 135°, and 180°) using force plates. However, handheld dynamometers (HHDs) are more portable, affordable, and may provide valid and reliable results which would increase the clinical utility of long-lever tests. HHDs vary in shape, design, and their capacity to report parameters such as rate of force production and require further investigation. The aim of this study was to examine the intrarater reliability of the Kinvent HHD and assess its validity against Kinvent force plates in the AST. Peak force (in kilograms), torque (in Newton meters), and normalized torque (in Newton meters per kilogram) were reported. Design: Validity and reliability study. Methods: Twenty-seven participants with no history of upper limb injury performed the test in a randomized order using the Kinvent HHD and force plates. Each condition was assessed 3 times, and peak force was recorded. Arm length was measured to calculate peak torque. Normalized peak torque was calculated by dividing torque by bodyweight (in kilograms). Results: The Kinvent HHD is reliable when measuring force (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥.80), torque (ICC ≥.84), and normalized torque (ICC ≥.64) during the AST. The Kinvent HHD is also valid when compared with the Kinvent force plates for force (ICC ≥.79; r ≥.82), torque (ICC ≥.82; r ≥.76), and normalized torque (ICC ≥.71; r ≥.61). There were no statistically significant differences across the 3 trials on analyses of variance (P >.05). Conclusions: The Kinvent HHD is a reliable tool when used to measure force, torque, and normalized torque in the AST. Furthermore, given the lack of significant difference between trials, clinicians can use one test to accurately report relative peak force/torque/normalized torque rather than average 3 separate trials. Finally, the Kinvent HHD is valid when compared with Kinvent force plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) was developed to evaluate the key elements that runners use to self-assess their own running ability following common running-related injuries. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the UWRI and to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Turkish version (UWRI-Tr) in runners. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: The study included 129 runners. The UWRI-Tr, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Hip Outcome Score, the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure were applied for the validation purposes. Internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity of the UWRI-Tr were tested. Results: The test–retest reliability of the UWRI-Tr was excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of.85 and a Cronbach α value of.84. There was a small to strong correlation among the UWRI-Tr and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (r =.278), Oswestry Disability Index (r = −.744), Hip Outcome Score (r =.684), The International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (r =.758), and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (r =.498 and.767), indicating that its construct validity was appropriate for use with Turkish runners. Conclusions: The UWRI-Tr was shown to be a valid and reliable tool to use in clinical and research settings as a sport-specific measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The international sports community is becoming more proactive in clinical mental health practice and research. An athlete-specific psychological distress screening tool can identify potential mental health illness. Design: The Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) is a simple screening tool for detecting early signs of athlete-specific strain and related mental health concerns. Methods: We evaluated the internal consistency and reliability of the translated and culturally adjusted Arabic version of the APSQ (APSQ-Ar) with Arabic-speaking elite athletes. The final translation underwent standard forward and backward translation, an inspection by a team of experts, and then preliminary testing. The APSQ-Ar was cross-culturally validated and then assessed for internal consistency and reliability among (n = 98) Arabic-speaking athletes. Results: There were no problems with the patients' understanding or interpretation of the items on the APSQ-Ar translation. The intraclass correlation value was.93 (95% confidence interval,.89–.95), and the mean difference was 2.4 with a minimal detectable change of 5.12, demonstrating strong test–retest reliability. Moreover, Cronbach alpha showed excellent internal consistency (.76). Conclusions: The APSQ-Ar was demonstrated to be good, reliable, and internally consistent. With APSQ-Ar, sports medicine professionals in Arabic-speaking countries will be able to identify psychological distress and symptoms in athletes and, as a result, provide them with mental health support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST) is a reliable and valid region-specific tool designed to evaluate health-related quality of life in throwing athletes with upper-extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to adapt, translate, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Functional Arm Scale (FAST-Persian) for use in throwing athletes. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based on 5 steps of cross-cultural adaptation including forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. The final Persian questionnaire, along with Persian versions of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires, was completed by 177 throwing athletes for validity analysis. After 7 to 14 days, the FAST-Persian was reanswered by 80 throwers, who had no changes in this time interval. Internal consistency and test retest reliability were used to evaluate reliability of the questionnaire. Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were also calculated. Construct validity was determined by correlational analysis with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic questionnaires. Dimensionality was evaluated with factor analysis. Result: Cronbachs alpha was.99, and the interclass correlation coefficient levels for total score and 5 subscales of the FAST-Persian ranged between.98 and.99. The standard error of measurement and smallest detectable changes were 3.17 and 8.80, respectively. The FAST-Persian had a high correlation with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (r =.98, P <.0001) and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (r =.98, P <.0001) scores. Factor analysis revealed one factor with a total variance of 75.23%. Conclusion: The FAST-Persian is a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to evaluate health-related quality of life in overhead athletes and throwers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) account for over 35% of pediatric in-hospital costs. A better understanding of NICU expenditures may help identify areas of improvements. This study aimed to validate the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) costing algorithm for seven case-mix groups with actual costs incurred in a tertiary NICU and explore drivers of cost. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of infants admitted within 24 hours of birth to a Level-3 NICU from 2016 to 2019. Patient data and predicted costs were obtained from the CNN database and were compared to actual obtained from the hospital accounting system (Coût par Parcours de Soins et de Services). Cost estimates (adjusted to 2017 Canadian Dollars) were compared using Spearman correlation coefficient (rho). Results Among 1,795 infants included, 169 (9%) had major congenital anomalies, 164 (9%) with <29 weeks' gestational age (GA), 189 (11%) with 29 to 32 weeks' GA, and 452 (25%) with 33 to 36 weeks' GA. The rest were term infants: 86 (5%) with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia, 194 (11%) requiring respiratory support, and 541 (30%) admitted for other reasons. Median total NICU costs varied from $6,267 (term infants admitted for other reasons) to $211,103 (infants born with <29 weeks' GA). Median daily costs ranged from $1,613 to $2,238. Predicted costs correlated with actual costs across all case-mix groups (rho range 0.78–0.98, p < 0.01) with physician and nursing representing the largest proportion of total costs (65–82%). Conclusion The CNN algorithm accurately predicts NICU total costs for seven case-mix groups. Personnel costs account for three-fourths of in-hospital total costs of all infants in the NICU. Key Points Very preterm infants born below 33 weeks of gestation account for most of NICU resource use. Human resources providing direct patient care represented the largest portion of costs. The algorithm strongly predicted total costs for all case-mix groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ; Troyer & Rich, [2002]. Psychometric properties of a new metamemory questionnaire for older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57(1), P19–P27) is a widely used measure of subjective memory consisting of three scales: Satisfaction, Ability, and Strategies. Although subjective memory complaints are prevalent across different age groups, the factor structure and psychometric properties of the MMQ have yet to be examined in young adults. Here, we independently replicated the original MMQ factor structure in N = 408 young adults (YA) recruited from undergraduate courses and N = 327 older adults (OA) and, for the first time, assessed the age-invariance of the scale using measurement invariance testing. YAs made significantly higher ratings than OAs on MMQ-Satisfaction and MMQ-Strategies, indicating greater satisfaction with their memory and greater use of strategies, but the groups were similar on MMQ-Ability. The original MMQ factor structure was replicated in OAs but not in YAs, and age invariance was not supported. Future studies seeking to compare young and older adults could therefore consider either requesting modification of the MMQ for use with young adults or using a different scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Couples' joint coping is important in managing the impact of breast cancer. However, measures assessing couples' communication as a way of coping are insufficient. This study aimed to generate a self-report valid and reliable measure of couples' coping with a particular focus on communication. Method: We used baseline data of 343 couple dyads who participated in a randomized clinical trial targeting marital communication. Women were diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in the past eight months; couples were married or in an intimate relationship for at least six months, could read and write English, and lived within 100 miles of the study center. An expert panel selected items with conceptual fit from the Mutuality and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale (MIS) that was originally designed to evaluate marital communication about breast cancer. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-item measurement model with four factors: Keeping the communication open with each other about breast cancer (4 items), Sharing a positive outlook on breast cancer (2 items), Avoiding discussion of negative thoughts and feelings about breast cancer (3 items), and Spending sufficient time together talking about breast cancer (3 items). Reliability ranged from 0.76 to 0.87 for women and 0.70 to 0.83 for spouses. Conclusion: This new measure has potential application in clinical practice and future research to assess couple's joint coping efforts especially through communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-drinkers report experiencing stigma, which can act as a barrier to non-drinking. Two studies were undertaken to develop and test a new scale to measure attitudes towards non-drinkers. In Study 1, 29 items were presented to 426 Australian drinkers. In Study 2, the refined 12-item Cheers Attitudes to Non-drinkers Scale (CANS) was presented to 389 drinkers. Alcohol consumption, Harm and the Regan Attitudes towards Non-drinkers Scale (RANDS) were presented for scale validation. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors representing the Threats to Fun, Connection and Self that drinkers perceive non-drinkers to pose. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale meets the required fit indices and had good reliability (α = 0.842). Evidence of validity was shown through significant correlations with Alcohol Consumption, Harm and the RANDS. These studies show the CANS to be a reliable and valid measure that could be utilised to understand and modify the stigma experienced by non-drinkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student engagement is an important construct predicting students' academic achievement and success. In order to broaden the choice of short, complete, effective, and Italian language scales for the measurement of this construct, the goal of the present study was to carry out an adaptation and initial validation, accompanied by appropriate psychometric analyses, of an Italian version of the Higher Education Student Engagement Scale (I-HESES) in a sample of 335 Swiss-Italian and South-Italian adult students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses permitted to validate the Italian adapted version of the HESES, resulting in an instrument with three second order dimensions (academic engagement, psychological engagement and social engagement) each one having two subdimensions. Each subdimension is measured using three items. The internal consistencies were adequate for all subscales, ranging from.63 to.86. Evidence of partial strong measurement invariance across gender and countries was observed. Moreover, as expected, the I-HESES dimensions were meaningfully related to student self-efficacy and value accorded to education. These findings indicate that the I-HESES might be a valid instrument for assessing and studying student engagement of adults attending higher education in the Swiss-Italian and South-Italian contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (IPQ-R) is a well-established measure for measuring illness representations with sound psychometric properties. However, one limitation is that it provides a generic measure of illness representations and lacks specificity to individual health conditions, making it difficult to capture the nuances of illness beliefs for different populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop reliable and valid versions of the IPQ-R for young people with anxiety and depression to better understand how they perceive and cognitively represent the course, severity, impact, and treatability of their anxiety and depression. Methods: This mixed-methods study consisted of a qualitative study, involving semi-structured interviews (n = 26) followed by think-aloud interviews (n = 13), and a quantitative study (n = 349), resulting in the development of the IPQ-Anxiety (IPQ-A) and IPQ-Depression (IPQ-D). Item development is reported, along with the psychometric properties of the measures. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the IPQ-A and IPQ-D with the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (B-IPQ) across equivalent dimensions. Results: Results suggest that the IPQ-A, IPQ-D, B-IPQ-A and B-IPQ-D are valid and reliable tools for measuring mental illness representations. The measures show acceptable model fit, high factor loadings, and good to excellent internal consistency, test – retest reliability across subscales and concurrent validity with mental health measures. Conclusions: The development of these measures represents an important step in the field of youth mental health by providing the opportunity for reliable assessment of young people's conceptualisations of their anxiety and depression. Better understanding of young people's illness beliefs has the potential to open a range of intervention possibilities by prioritising illness perceptions over the supposed objective condition severity and trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study determined the psychometric integrity of the Dari version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). In addition, this contribution analyzed the moderating role of student self-efficacy between the fear of COVID-19 and mental well-being. Methods: The sample comprised 436 Afghan students studying in three universities situated in Kabul. First, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the unidimensional structure of the FCV-19S. Second, relationship of the FCV-19S with Anxiety of COVID-19 and mental well-being determined its concurrent validity. Third, the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) determined the convergent validity of the scale. Fourth, the internal consistency reliability of FCV-19S was calculated. Lastly, the moderation analysis was conducted based on Model 1 of the PROCESS macro. Results: CFA demonstrated that the FCV-19S was a good model fit and confirmed its unidimensional structure. In addition, the FCV-19S showed good concurrent validity, adequate convergent validity, and excellent internal consistency reliability. Further, student self-efficacy moderated the relation between the fear of COVID-19 and mental well-being. Conclusion: The Dari version of the FCV-19S demonstrates robust psychometric properties. Further, moderate and high levels of student self-efficacy significantly reduce the negative influence of fear of COVID-19 on mental well-being.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is a combination of short‐, medium‐ and long‐term morbidities that occur in patients discharged from the Intensive care unit (ICU). ICU professionals have a crucial role in managing and understanding the PICS. This study aimed to develop the PICS Knowledge Test (PICS‐KT), which measures ICU professionals' awareness and knowledge levels regarding PICS, and to determine its validity and reliability. Methods: The databases were searched in detail, scientific research related to PICS was analyzed, and the draft scale was created accordingly. A total of 117 doctors and nurses who had been working in the ICU for at least 6 months were included in the study. For the validity and reliability analysis of the test, content validity ratio, item difficulty index, item discrimination index values and Cronbach α were examined. Results: The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient for the 46‐item PICS‐KT is 0.93, indicating high reliability. Scores range from 0 to 46, with 32 or higher considered successful, suggesting adequate knowledge of PICS among ICU professionals. Scores of 14 or less indicate minimal knowledge. Those with scores between 14 and 32 possess some knowledge but need improvement. PICS‐KT assesses knowledge in four main areas: general information, risk factors/causes, symptoms and findings and interventions. ICU professionals show high awareness of interventions for preventing and treating PICS, as indicated by a high mean score in the interventions subdimension. Conclusion: The PICS‐KT is crucial in assessing healthcare professionals' understanding of the various short‐, medium‐ and long‐term morbidities associated with PICS. The study ensures that the test is a robust and dependable instrument for evaluating ICU professionals' knowledge about PICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of the present study were a) to evaluate the construct validity of a questionnaire measuring parental physical activity (PA) orientation, and b) to examine the association between constructs of parental PA orientation and parental explicit PA modelling in parents of young children with disabilities. One hundred and thirty-five participants completed an online questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of a questionnaire for parental PA orientation. Exploratory factor analysis for parental PA orientation revealed a four-factor solution, accounting for 59.02% of the variance with eigenvalues of 7.14, 6.88, 4.00, and 2.35 for factor 1 (parent-perceived motor performance of their child), factor 2 (parental enjoyment of PA), factor 3 (parental importance of PA), and factor 4 (parental awareness of accessible PA program), respectively. Two hierarchical multiple regression models were developed and used to examine the association between constructs of parental PA orientation and parental explicit PA modelling. Parental enjoyment and importance of PA were significant factors predicting parental explicit PA modelling, controlling for child's age and parent's age. The results of the current study may be used for resources when developing an intervention for parental explicit PA modelling in parents of children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)–characterised by excessive and uncontrollable worry–is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Identification of GAD often relies on assessment of its cardinal feature, pathological worry. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is the most robust measure of pathological worry to date but has not been extensively evaluated for use during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study evaluated the internal consistency, construct validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the PSWQ in a sample of pregnant and postpartum women with and without a principal GAD diagnosis. Methods: One hundred forty-two pregnant and 209 postpartum women participated in this study. Sixty-nine pregnant and 129 postpartum participants met criteria for a principal diagnosis of GAD. Results: The PSWQ demonstrated good internal consistency and converged with measures assessing similar constructs. Pregnant participants with principal GAD scored significantly higher on the PSWQ than those with no psychopathology and postpartum participants with principal GAD scored significantly higher than those with principal mood disorders, other anxiety and related disorders, and no psychopathology. A cut-off score of 55 and 61 or greater was determined for detecting probable GAD during pregnancy and the postpartum period, respectively. Screening accuracy of the PSWQ was also demonstrated. Conclusions: This study underscores the robustness of the PSWQ as a measure of pathological worry and probable GAD and supports its use in the detection and monitoring of clinically significant worry symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Measurement instruments to understand self‐determined motivation towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities are needed to develop programs to support physical and psychological health and well‐being. The purpose of the current study was to validate a modified questionnaire measuring basic psychological needs towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A total of 108 college students with intellectual disabilities completed the modified questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six‐factor model had good model fit. Cronbach's alpha values showed acceptable reliability evidence of the instrument as a whole, although some alpha values in subdomains of the instrument were below acceptable values. Conclusion: The modified questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity evidence. Further studies are needed with refinement of answer options and the addition of more questions to increase reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed and psychometrically evaluated the Online Sexual Objectification Experiences Scale (OSOES). We collected data from 816 emerging adult college women across two samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed three factors: Unwanted Sexual Advances (example item: "How often have you received unwanted messages online asking about your sexual experience?"), Negative Appearance Commentary (example item: "How often has another person insulted you by calling you unattractive online?"), and Indirect Sexual Objectification (example item: "How often have you read a sexual comment posted to a photo of another woman's body online?"). OSOES scores were internally consistent and were strongly correlated with scores of self-objectification, body surveillance, and body shame. OSOES subscale scores also provided evidence of incremental validity in predicting self-objectification and objectified body consciousness above and beyond offline interpersonal sexual objectification. We hope that findings from the present study and the OSOES can be used by researchers, clinicians, and educators to understand the frequency of online sexual objectification experiences among women and as a result, work to mitigate harmful outcomes. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/DOI:10.1177/03616843241250295 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scales used to evaluate nurses' perspectives of mentoring programmes are mainly designed in developed countries, making them unsuitable for nurses and midwives working in resource‐poor developing countries. Aim: To explore the psychometric properties of the perceived cost of mentoring (PCM) scale, negative mentoring experiences (NME) scale and relational mentoring index (RMI) for adaptation in hospital settings in Uganda. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used. In total, 303 hospital nurses/midwives in Ugandan participated in the study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the three mentoring scales. Results: Revisions based on word choice were made in adapting the scales to the Ugandan context. The PCM showed three factors (risk to reputation, mentoring effort and nepotism) and had an intra‐class correlation (ICC) of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.324–0.793) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.705. The NME scale had two factors (lack of mentor expertise and mismatch between the dyad) consistent with the original scale with an ICC of 0.568 (95% CI, 0.271–0.767) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.841. The RMI showed two factors (individual influence and relational quality) with an ICC of 0.664 (95% CI, 0.410–0.824) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.933. Conclusions: The initial psychometric assessment indicates satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales for implementation among nurses and midwives within Ugandan hospital contexts. Subsequent research is warranted to validate the factor structures of the scales on a different sample. Implications for nursing and health policy: In using mentoring programmes to develop the hospital workforce, nurse and midwifery policymakers need to use culturally adapted and validated PCM, NME, and RMI scales to evaluate the quality of these mentoring programmes to maximise the benefits while avoiding unintended consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacological drugs and medications are being widely used for the control of non-communicable diseases like hypertension. Hill-Bone--Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale (HB-HBP) is a newly developed specific questionnaire for assessing the anti-hypertensive medication adherence. Hence, this study was done to translate the HB-HBP in Tamil and to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Tamil version. Materials and Methods: Translation of HB-HBP to native language, Tamil was done by experts and piloted with subsample of hypertensive patients from rural Puducherry. Final Tamil-translated HB-HBP was administered among 328 Tamilspeaking hypertensive patients in the selected villages of rural Puducherry (union territory in South India). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through the principal component method. Based on the minimum average partial and parallel analysis, three-factor model was distinguished. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Three factor structures were obtained with eigenvalues of 6.5045, 2.8165, and 1.2261, respectively, which accounted for 75.34% of variance. Three-factor model assessed by the confirmatory factor method found Chi-square value of 1055.048 (P value <0.001). Goodness of fit revealed acceptable comparative fit index (0.773), Tucker-Lewis index (0721), standardized root mean square residual (0.077), and root mean square error of approximation (0.201). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) for the scale was 0.9020. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the HB-HBP questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with a good reliability coefficient for application in Tamil-speaking patients with hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is widely prevalent in all age groups which is of major concern. However, there is no valid Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary vitamin B12 estimation. Hence, we aimed to develop and validate an FFQ for the estimation of dietary intake of Vitamin B12. Materials and Methods: Commonly consumed B12-rich food items were selected from literature and filtered using a market survey. For concordant and discriminant validation, B12 and homocysteine levels were estimated. To establish convergent validity, the Cobalamin Intake in North Indians by Food Frequency Questionnaire (COIN-FFQ) and 72-hour dietary recall (72HrDR) were both administered to the same subjects. The COIN-FFQ was readministered after initial administration for test-retest reliability. Internal consistency of the FFQ was then tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: We enrolled 115 adults with a mean age and weight of 31.9 ± 8.7 years and 66.0 ± 11.8 kg, respectively. In total, 19.1% were vegetarian. The dietary B12 using COIN-FFQ (n = 60; mean = 4.3 ± 1.8 µg/d) was significantly correlated (r = 0.255; P = 0.049) with serum levels (mean = 120.1 ± 62.6 pmol/L) establishing concordant validity. A significant difference was noted between the dietary, serum B12, and homocysteine levels of vegetarians versus nonvegetarians establishing discriminant validity (mean diff 1.4 (0.5-2.4), P = 0.004; Z-statistic -2.182, P value 0.029, and Z-statistic -2.438; P value 0.015), respectively. FFQ was strongly correlated with 72HrDR and test--retest FFQ (n = 27; r = 0.814, P < 0.001 and r = 0.869, P < 0.001, respectively) establishing convergent validity and test--retest reliability. The internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha was in the acceptable range, 0.631 (n = 115). Conclusion: The newly developed COIN-FFQ is valid and reliable in estimating dietary B12 intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The scored Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA©) is a validated tool for the screening, assessment and monitoring of malnutrition, and triaging of interventions. It contains a patient‐generated component and a healthcare professional (HCP)‐generated component. Aim: To translate the PG‐SGA into Swedish, assess the linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version, and ensure conceptional, semantic and operational equivalence to the original English PG‐SGA. Methods: In line with the methodology used in previously translated and culturally adapted versions, the standardised 10‐step process suggested by the International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) was followed. In step 7, a cross‐sectional study targeting patients n = 51 and HCPs n = 52 was performed at a university hospital in Sweden. Using separate questionnaires, patients assessed the patient component and HCPs, the professional component regarding perceived comprehensibility and difficulty (linguistic validity). The HCPs also assessed perceived relevance (content validity) of all items on the PG‐SGA. Item indices for comprehensibility (I‐CI), difficulty (I‐DI) and content validity (I‐CVI) were calculated and averaged into scale indices (S‐CI, S‐DI and S‐CVI). Cut‐off standards for item and scale indices were used as reference. Results: The Swedish version of the PG‐SGA rated excellent for comprehensibility (S‐CI 0.96) and difficulty (S‐DI 0.93) for the patient component. The professional component rated acceptable for comprehensibility (S‐CI 0.89) and below acceptable for difficulty (S‐DI 0.70), with the physical examination rated most difficult (I‐DI 0.39 to 0.69). Content validity for the full Swedish PG‐SGA was rated excellent (S‐CVI 0.94). Conclusion: The patient component was considered clear and easy to complete. The full Swedish PG‐SGA was considered relevant by HCPs for screening and assessment of malnutrition. Due to perceived difficulty with the physical examination, training of Swedish HCPs in using the PG‐SGA is essential before implementing the professional component into clinical practice or research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study aimed to compare long‐ and short‐term frequent attenders' (FAs) perceptions of patient‐centredness and to assess the equivalence of the factor structure of patient‐centred primary care (PCPC) instrument for long‐ and short‐term FAs. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of long‐term (n = 234) and short‐term (n = 261) FAs within the primary healthcare of one city in Finland. The data collected in January–July 2020 via 'the 36‐item PCPC instrument' were analysed using Pearson's chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Cronbach's alpha, and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). Results: Long‐term FAs had worse perceptions of patient‐centredness than short‐term FAs across all subscales: patients' preferences, physical comfort, coordination of care, continuity and transition, emotional support, access to care, information and education, and family and friends. The MGCFA indicated a good fit for the predicted eight‐factor model. Conclusions: Long‐term FAs' care needs are currently not being met, indicating the need for considering how the way healthcare services are arranged and care is provided affects prolonged and high care needs. Various dimensions of patient‐centredness need to be addressed when developing not only FAs' care but also wider service paths. A distinction should be made between long‐ and short‐term frequent attendance when identifying and addressing FAs' service needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research found that healthcare professionals had low preparedness for palliative care. Thus, it is necessary to explore healthcare professionals' self‐efficacy. The Swedish Self‐Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (SEPC‐SE) evaluates readiness in communication, patient management and multidisciplinary teamwork; however, it should be tested on a larger population. Furthermore, the constructs of the SEPC‐SE should be compared to that of the original SEPC. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the consensus between the construct validity and reliability of the SEPC and the translated and adapted SEPC‐SE. Furthermore, it aimed to describe and compare the self‐efficacy of nurses and physicians in hospitals and explore the associated factors. Methods: The nurses (n = 288) and physicians (n = 104) completed the SEPC‐SE. Factor analysis with Cronbach's alpha evaluated validity and reliability, and an analysis using the Mann‐Whitney U test compared self‐efficacy and multiple linear regression‐associated factors. Results: The SEPC‐SE revealed three factors with high reliability. Education or experience in specialised palliative care was minor, especially for nurses. Self‐efficacy was highest in patient management (nurses, median [md] = 74.57, physicians md = 81.71, p = 0.010) and communication (nurses md = 69.88, physicians md = 77.00, p = 0.141) and lowest in multidisciplinary teamwork (nurses md = 52.44, physicians md = 62.88, p = 0.001). The strongest associations with self‐efficacy were education at work and advanced homecare experiences. In addition, there were significant associations between years in the profession, male sex, physicians and university education. Conclusion: The SEPC‐SE is valid and reliable for measuring self‐efficacy. Nurses had lower self‐efficacy than physicians. Physicians were associated with higher self‐efficacy and had more education and experience in palliative care settings, which may explain their levels of self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is important to map the clinical competence of newly graduated nurses in Nordic countries. The use of a common Nordic instrument could provide insights into nurses' levels of self‐assessed clinical competence and perceptions of their need for professional development. Aim: To translate and culturally adapt the original Norwegian version of the Professional Nurse Self‐Assessment Scale II (PROFFNurse SAS II) into (1) Danish, (2) Finnish and (3) Icelandic versions. Method: The PROFFNurse SAS II was translated and cross‐culturally adapted. This translation was inspired by the process used in the Guidelines for Cross‐Cultural Adaptation. Result: The translation and cultural adaptation processes employed the required steps and provided specific details. In addition, practical issues encountered during the translation process while translating and adapting instruments that may influence future translations were revealed. This study found that having a professional bilingual/bicultural agency translator was partly problematic in the process of translation and found that it is important to adjust the translations to each country's specific words used in nursing. Conclusion: Translating the PROFFNurse SAS II instrument into all Nordic languages enables us to use the instrument from a Nordic perspective and across various countries. This is important when comparing self‐awareness and reflecting on nurses' clinical competencies. Professional development is central to valuing and developing clinical competence and allowing for the discovery of gaps in clinical competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent symptoms post-mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) includes autonomic dysregulation (AD). The composite autonomic symptoms score, (COMPASS-31), was developed to quantify AD symptom severity in the last year, which limits clinical utility. The primary aim was to determine validity of a modified-COMPASS-31 measuring symptoms in the last month compared to the original, secondarily to compare both original and modified versions to the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), and tertiarily to detect change post-treatment of the modified-COMPASS-31 compared to NSI and headache intensity (HI). Thirty-three military personnel with persistent headache post-mTBI. Total and domain scores for COMPASS-31 (original vs. modified) NSI and HI at baseline. Change in modified-COMPASS-31. NSI, and HI. Baseline COMPASS-31 versions were comparable and highly correlated (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), they were moderately correlated at best to the NSI (r < 0.6), which may suggest differences in measurement metrics. The mean change in modified-COMPASS-31 scores (15.4/100, effect size 0.8) was mild to moderately correlated to the change in HI (r = 0.39) score, but not to NSI (r = 0.28). The modified-COMPASS-31 appears to be valid, can measure change of AD symptom severity, and is recommended as an outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of language for individuals suffering from stroke or other brain injury is imperative for diagnosis and management. Comprehensive standardized aphasia tests have been used for decades, and it is important to ensure that these tests possess the quality that supports their use as clinical tools. Test validity is a key consideration in this regard. This paper provides a historical account of the evolution of the concept of test validity. A review of the state of current practices in the field of aphasia testing is provided using a critical analysis of the validation efforts of three major aphasia tools. One kind of validity evidence, consequences of test use, is given special consideration to identify its role in aphasia testing in comparison to the education and psychological measurement literature. Suggestions and practical guidelines for professionals in the field of language disorders will be offered to assist in building validation plans for current and prospective test designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face culture is a crucial facet of East Asia. The most common self‐report measure for face concern is the unidimensional Loss of Face Scale. In this study, we examined the dimensionality, factor structure, and validity of the Loss of Face Scale in two samples. Sample 1 (N = 602) consisted of 303 Taiwanese mothers and 299 U.S. mothers. Sample 2 (N = 602) was an independent sample from Sample 1, consisting of 294 Taiwanese mothers and 308 U.S. mothers. We proposed a modified 15‐item four‐dimensional factor structure to better capture the complexity of face. Four sub‐domains emerged from the results of exploratory structural equation modelling: Low‐Profile, Over‐Preparation, Harmony Seeking, and Non‐Aggression. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated configural and metric invariance but failed to establish full scalar invariance across countries. Convergent validity was supported by positive correlations with other Asian cultural values. While all four domains of face showed small to moderate correlations with depression in the U.S., only Low‐Profile was associated with depression in Taiwan, suggesting that not all aspects of face concern are non‐adaptive in East Asian contexts. Future studies should consider the multidimensional nature of face as well as how different dimensions affect mental and social well‐being across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the crucial factors in changing behaviour towards pro‐environmental actions is climate change perception. The latest measurement tool for assessing this variable is the Climate Change Perception Scale (CCPS). However, CCPS has not gained widespread adoption and usage across different cultures, including Indonesia, and no analyses have been conducted to adapt and validate CCPS in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt, validate, and assess the measurement tool's consistency in Indonesia's cultural context. To investigate the instrument's psychometric properties, two studies (n = 358, 415) were conducted in Indonesia to provide evidence of the internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive validity of CCPS. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the Indonesian version of CCPS, which consists of 15 items, with three for each dimension, accurately and reliably measured perception of climate change. CCPS also demonstrated good convergent validity, as indicated by the significant correlations with a nature relatedness (r = 0.425, p < 0.01) and biospheric value (r = 0.341, p < 0.01) construct. Furthermore, it exhibited predictive validity by predicting pro‐environmental behaviour, β = 0.243, b = 0.176, t(413) = 5.10, p < 0.01. However, the Indonesian version of CCPS still needs to be tested and confirmed through various studies, considering the poor validity of the temporal dimension and the weak factor loading of the consequence dimension in Study 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Time Perception Scale (Niiya, 2019, Journal of Happiness Studies) measures people's perception of time as zero‐sum (i.e., the perception that they are taking time away from others, that they are offering time to others, or that others are taking away time from them) and nonzero‐sum (i.e., the perception that time spent on others is time spent on themselves). This scale was validated in Japan, but whether people from a non‐Asian culture also perceive time as nonzero‐sum remained unknown. We tested the measurement invariance of the Time Perception Scale with 189 Americans and 240 Japanese and examined its correlations with psychological well‐being and cultural self‐construals. We confirmed the configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance of the scale and also found that zero‐sum and nonzero‐sum time perceptions were differently associated with basic needs satisfaction, life satisfaction, and interdependent self‐construal in both cultures. Nonzero‐sum time perception may provide a new possibility where a concept derived from East Asian philosophy can contribute to our psychological well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the content, concurrent validity, test-retest, and intra-rater reliability of the Persian version of the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) for evaluating functional mobility in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Following international standards for measurement translation, we developed a Persian version of the FMS. A total of 160 participants took part in this study. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's coefficient to correlate with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Test-retest (n = 30) and intra-rater (n = 30) reliability of the FMS were also examined by Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient. Concurrent validity ranged from −0.912 to −0.941 for children and −0.912 to −0.936 for adolescents. Test-retest ranged from 0.902 to 1. Intra-rater ranged from 0.933 to 0.987. The Persian version of the FMS demonstrates very strong validity and almost perfect reliability for assessing and classifying functional mobility in children and adolescents with CP. These findings suggest that this tool could be a useful addition to clinical practice and research for the Persian-speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that understanding workers' attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) application is a prerequisite to successfully integrating AI into an organization. However, few studies have clarified the meaning of attitudes towards AI application at work (AAAW) as a multifaceted construct that can be assessed with psychometric validity. To address this issue, we developed and validated a scale to capture individuals' AAAW using three independent samples (total N = 2841). The resulting 25‐item scale covers an overall construct of AAAW as well as six dimensions that are subsumed under the construct (i.e., perceived humanlikeness, perceived adaptability, perceived quality of AI, AI use anxiety, job insecurity and personal utility). Our findings suggest that the AAAW scale has good psychometric properties and can be used to predict important recruiting outcomes. The scale offers opportunities to better understand and measure workers' attitudes towards AI application at work in a comprehensive and integrative manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality is an important aspect of treatment and recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), but ambiguities in measurement can make it difficult to incorporate as part of routine care. We evaluated the psychometric properties of an adapted short-form version of the Spirituality Scale (the Spirituality Scale–Short-Form; SS-SF) for use in SUD treatment settings. Participants were adult patients (N = 1,388; Mage = 41.23 years, SDage = 11.55; 68% male; 86% White) who entered a large, clinically mixed inpatient SUD treatment program. Factor analysis supported the two-dimensional structure, with factors representing Self-Discovery and Transcendent Connection. Tests of measurement invariance demonstrated that the scale was invariant across age and gender subgroups. The SS-SF exhibited convergent and concurrent validity via associations with participation in spiritual activities, hopefulness, life satisfaction, 12-step participation, and depressive symptoms. Finally, scores on the SS-SF were significantly higher at discharge compared to admission, demonstrating short-term sensitivity to change. These findings support use of the SS-SF as a concise, psychometrically sound measure of spirituality in the context of substance use treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9) are frequently used to assess depression both in research and in clinical practice. The aim was to examine the validity of the PHQ-9 sum score by using Mokken scale analysis (Study I) and cognitive interviews (Study II) on the Icelandic version of PHQ-9. A primary care sample of 618 individuals was used in Study I. The results indicate that the PHQ-9 items are not close enough to perfectly unidimensional for their sum score to accurately order people on the depression severity dimension. In Study II, the sample consisted of 53 individuals, with 28 having a history of depression and 25 not. The findings reveal a number of issues concerning respondents' use of the PHQ-9. No systematic differences were found in the results of the two groups. The PHQ-9 sum score should thus be interpreted and used with great care. We provide scale revision recommendations to improve the quality of PHQ-9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile devices provide new opportunities to draw conclusions about cognitive performance in everyday situations. To gain insights into cognitive performance patterns in healthy adult populations, we adapted three established cognitive tests for smartphone use: the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). To increase their feasibility for ambulatory assessment, we identified the minimum measurement durations that provide reliable and valid state measures of cognitive performance. Over 2 weeks, 46 participants performed each test once per day at random times, along with self-reports (e.g., on concentration, mood, and mental demands). The validity and reliability of change are promising for the 30-second PVT and 90-second DSST and SART. The DSST and SART provide fruitful outcomes for ambulatory field studies linked to mood, stress, and mental demands. We provide digital versions of the adapted DSST and SART online for free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study sought to provide evidence for a measure of schizoid personality disorder (SZD PD) traits using the Five-Factor Model framework of personality. In the first study, undergraduate participants (n = 496) completed the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory (FFZI) and other self-report measures. The first half of the sample was used to develop the FFZI, while the second half was used to validate it. The FFZI demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with measures of SZD PD and hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets, and discriminant validity with other PDs and non-hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets. The second study recruited MTurk participants (n = 181) and demonstrated preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the FFZI in an online, community sample. Ultimately, these data suggest that the FFZI is a useful measure of SZD PD and provide further evidence that SZD PD can be conceptualized as a maladaptive extension of introversion traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]