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With the advancement of urbanization in China, there is a growing demand for intelligent landscape management in urban science and innovation parks. To improve landscape management efficiency in science and technology innovation parks, this study adjusted the Inception module and activation function of the GoogLeNet algorithm, designed an improved GoogLeNet algorithm, and based on this, constructed a multi clue science and technology innovation park landscape vegetation intelligent recognition system. This is also the main contribution of this study. The experimental results show that the average image recognition accuracy of the Improve GoogLe Net+MM model designed from the study is 92.95%, which is higher than all the comparison models. Additionally, the computation time is significantly lower than the comparison models when the computation data volume is larger. The model designed in this study has a certain application value to improve the performance of the landscape intelligent management system within smart cities' science and technology parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the plethora of statues and monuments constructed as part of the post-apartheid monumental project in Pretoria, photographs of anti-colonial and anti-apartheid heroes and heroines are often used to remember and celebrate the contributions they made to the attainment of the new dispensation. Photographs (presented through statues and monuments) are crucial instruments used in conveying messages about these heroes and heroines, and at the same time denouncing issues of injustice and segregation that were the hallmarks of the colonial and apartheid regimes in Pretoria and South Africa. However, while a vast amount of literature has been published on anti-colonial and anti-apartheid monumentalisation in South Africa, not much attention has been given to iconography of the statues as an aspect that could inform research and understanding of how post-apartheid monumentalisation is not a break with the past, but, rather, a continuation of the pre-1994 practices. Drawing from eight photographs taken from the ‘Long March to Freedom’ statues park at the former Groenkloof Nature Reserve in Pretoria, this visual essay highlights the role played by some of these heroes and heroines at their time. The photographs were taken during two months of research conducted at the park from July to August 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to design the optimal structure of an innovation intermediary organization and its open innovation platform to facilitate the process of commercialization of inventions as well as establish effective communications between industrialists and researchers and inventors. Even though the issue of creating an open innovation platform and its design was raised in other research, the optimal structure that was extracted from the experience of working in the field of commercialization of inventions in a long-term period has not been done. Using the case study research methodology for seven years (from 2012 to 2018) in seven phases, we studied the obstacles in the way of, and strategies for, the development of the innovation intermediary organization in Iran, and proposed a model for the open innovation platform belonging to this innovation intermediary organization at the end of the 7th phase. The tool for gathering information is the review of open innovation organization documents and semi-structured interviews with 15 experts and managers of this open innovation organization. By categorizing the obtained codes, the intended themes were extracted. Then, Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the obtained codes, the value of which was equal to 0.85, indicating the high reliability of this research. Also, to strengthen the credibility of this qualitative research, environmental observations and analyzed data were used to provide respondents with their opinions. The obtained findings indicate an appropriate structure for the innovation intermediary organization and its open innovation platform to accelerate the identification of the needs of industries, creating solutions for these needs, as well as supporting patents and entrepreneurial plans. In this structure, various components of the innovation ecosystem interact with each other, including universities, research centers, experts, start-ups, investors, entrepreneurs, science and technology parks, and accelerators. The results of the study show that by collaborating with this platform, universities can provide job opportunities for students in various fields. By joining this platform, industries will be able to meet some of their technological needs. Furthermore, entrepreneurs can use this platform to finance their entrepreneurial projects using investors and acquire their required experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology parks are increasingly becoming the key carriers of interna‐ tional innovation cooperation. Revealing the evolution characteristics of the international inno‐ vation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has important reference value for Zhongguancun to formulate international innovation cooperation policies. Based on PCT patent cooperation da‐ ta, using social network analysis and spatial analysis methods, this paper discussed the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun on the basis of clarifying its development process. The research findings are as follows: ①The international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has experienced an evolutionary process from low-level to high-level development from initial establishment to rapid development and then to transformation and upgrading. ②International innovation cooperation shows a spatial pattern of expansion before contraction. The United States has always been the main target of coopera‐ tion. Each sub-park in Zhongguancun has formed a core area with Chaoyang Park as the main area and Haidian Park and Shijingshan Park as the auxiliary areas. The spatial agglomeration structure mode of Chaoyang Park American cooperation has gradually emerged. ③The number of international cooperation subjects is increasing in a fluctuating trend. The core position of lo‐ cal enterprises in the network is gradually strengthening. The core subjects of the network have changed from multinational giants to local leading enterprises and multinational companies for common development. ④Image communication, wireless communication network and electron‐ ic digital data processing are the hot areas of international cooperation in Zhongguancun. Among them, cooperation with the United States in the field of image communication has in‐ creased, and cooperation with the United Kingdom in the field of electronic digital data process‐ ing has increased; cooperation with Japan mainly focuses on the field of wireless communication networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship, particularly within the sphere of science communication, has sought to provide an empirical map of the relationship between science and religion, often seeking to explain the persistence of religious belief and practice within a technoscientific world. The framing of science and religion in this context often presumes that the social relevance of both science and religion lies primarily in the epistemic claims both make about the natural world and can be captured through explicit discussion of the relationship between the two. This article argues that other meanings of science and religion are possible by highlighting a case that appears to have little interest in questions of reality and epistemology: the animated comedy South Park. Within the show, scientific and religious discourse and imagery are frequently positioned as being enmeshed within larger social issues, gaining meaning from the ways in which the characters use knowledge for a variety of ends, usually resulting in moral failure. As a story about how to be a good American, South Park positions science and religion as sites where morality can be tested, mediated by a sense of goodness that is presented to the audience as self-evident. While the generality of this specific construction of science and religion can be challenged, the show illustrates the need for a broader or more extensive examination of the multiple meanings that science and religion might have within the public sphere and popular culture, which are far broader than a specific discussion of their epistemic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic policies have largely tried to impact the development of innovations from the supply side. However, demand-side policies have received more attention in recent years. Science and Technology (S&T) parks have traditionally been a supply-side innovation policy instrument and have not always been successful in achieving their goals. This study conducts two surveys and constructs two S&T park management models based on the survey results. One survey includes 64 Iranian S&T park experts and managers and the other survey includes 31 S&T park experts from 17 countries. These models conform to the third generation of S&T parks. In terms of innovation policy, they are leaning towards demand-oriented policies and are expected to be more effective than supply-oriented models. The results showed that ownership, funding sources, incentives for tenants and linkages of S&T parks should move from supply-side models to demand-side models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the research is the issues related to the creation of science parks in Ukraine at a new level in the process of its post-war reconstruction. In this paper, the main focus is on the analysis of the very concept of «science park» and the experience of some international ones, which are most suitable for the domestic plans for the transformation of the Ukrainian economy and its social infrastructure. Also researched the initiative of the Kharkiv city government to create the so-called «science quarter», which would absorb all the best that exists in the world in the field of science parks, and would have its own «highlight». As a result of this study, it was established that the creation and functioning of science parks is an important component of the modern world economy, which should be given serious attention in the process of post-war transformation of the Ukrainian economy. Moreover, the process of developing a strategy for the construction of such science parks should be started now, without waiting for the end of the war. A good example of this is the start of work on the project to create a science park in Kharkiv called «Science Quarter» as part of the development of a city recovery plan with the help of specialists from various international organizations, universities, banks and funds. The article analyses the activities of some similar science parks in Poland, which can be used as a guide in this process, and provides recommendations for the improvement and enhancement of certain basic elements of the future Kharkiv science park. As a result, it was concluded that thanks to the hard work of the city authorities with the support of international institutions, active work is being done to develop a city reconstruction strategy at a fundamentally new level in Kharkiv, within which a significant place is given to the implementation of the «Science Quarter» project. The success of the latter will depend not only on the experienced team of specialists implementing this project and the receipt of the necessary funding, but also, first of all, on the success of our defenders in repelling Russian aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hsinchu Science Park (HSP) in Taiwan plays a vital role in the chain of semiconductor production, but water scarcity has been challenging semiconductor manufacturing. The Baoshan Reservoir (BS) and the Baoshan Second Reservoir (BSR) are two major sources of water supply to the HSP. However, the impacts of climate change on the water supply have not been analyzed. In this study, a hydrological model (i.e., SWAT) and an operation model of the BR and the BSR were coupled to assess the climate change impacts on the inflow, outflow, and water storage volume (WSV) of the reservoirs. The simulations were based on the weather data for the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios of AR5 for the Periods of 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2060, and 2081–2100 derived from up to 33 GCMs/EMSs. It is found that more intensified global warming would generally result in more apparent rainfall seasonality that is wetter in the wet season and dryer in the dry season and more magnified seasonality in river flow. During the hotspot period of water shortage in the HSP from February to May, future water scarcity is expected to worsen. Among the 16 combinations of scenarios and Periods, 13 indicate lower WSV in the future compared to the Baseline. The annual mean number of ten-day periods with WSV lower than the operation rule curve ranges from 4.84 to 6.95 ten-day periods, higher than the Baseline of 4.81 ten-day periods. Overall, RCP6.0 has the most significant impact on the study area, with the highest annual economic loss occurring during the 2041-2060 period, reaching USD 1 billion (~2.37% of the 2023 annual production value) for the HSP. This study also provides a three-month cumulative rainfall threshold as an operational warning indicator for the HSP. Our assessment results indicate that future water supply to the HSP should be a serious concern for stabilizing the manufacturing processes and hence the global semiconductor component supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in human mobility data in recent years provides a new frontier to understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of mobility to urban parks. These human mobility data offer profound merit in the study of how accessible urban parks are through real-time analytics of individual travel patterns and locations. This study systematically reviewed 46 peer-reviewed publications from the Web of Science and Academic Search Complete databases relevant to human mobility data and urban park accessibility measures. The study aims to provide a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the utilization of human mobility data in the field of urban park accessibility research. This objective is pursued through a systematic examination of existing literature within this research domain. We summarize the types of mobility datasets and the modelling tasks adopted. Meanwhile, we grouped the methodological/thematic frameworks from empirical use of human mobility data in park accessibility into seven categories: 1) inequality and inequity level, 2) users' perception and exposure level, 3) frequency and variations in park visitations, 4) park service area or effective service radius, 5) happiness and sentiment level, 6) travel mode choice and trip assignment, and 7) park characteristics. Additionally, we highlighted the obstacles in integrating human mobility data into park accessibility research and engaged in a discussion surrounding prominent ethical dilemmas related to the utilization of big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: A science and technology park (STP) is an important tool of innovation policy. In order to carry out new tasks in the field of internationalisation of innovative processes, parks have to incorporate completely new ones into their classic roles and activities. There is still a low level of knowledge about the factors that limit this process. The identified research gap provided the rationale for addressing the issue of the internationalisation of parks in Poland, which is an original treatment of the issue and probably one of the first such studies in Central Europe. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to diagnose the stages through which the internationalisation of science and technology parks takes place in the context of the phases of the life cycle of these organisations, as well as to identify and assess the importance of obstacles limiting the internationalisation process. Methods: A critical analysis of the literature and direct research was carried out using the survey method, according to the author's questionnaire. The research was carried out in 2022 among 18 STPs in Poland (55% of all Polish parks). The diagnosis of internationalisation was made on an institutional level. Three phases of the park life cycle were defined and operationalised based on the criteria identified by J. Allen (2007): creation, consolidation and maturity phase. Ward's agglomeration method (Ward, 1963) was utilised to group the parks based on the level of actions realised in their life cycle and their degree of internationalisation. In the identification of the number of groups, the Duda-Hart (Duda et al., 2000) Je(2)/Je(1) index-stopping rule was used. Thirteen of the most important obstacles to the internationalisation process were identified. In order to examine the internal consistency of variables describing the internationalisation of parks, Cronbach's Alpha reliability index was calculated. In order to find out the strength and direction of the existing relationship between obstacles and the internationalisation index of the studied parks, Kendall's τ test was used. Findings & value added: The sequential development of parks at the national level is in line with the assumptions indicated in the literature. The problem, however, is the internationalisation of parks. Not only is it characterised by a low level, but its course also does not indicate that it is the result of the successive implementation of previously assumed activities. The processes of development and internationalisation are interrelated, but this is not a significant interdependence. The problem is also indicated by the results of studies relating to obstacles to the internationalisation process. This is because the most significant ones are diagnosed only at an advanced level of internationalisation. Such an important activity of parks is undertaken without a prior in-depth diagnosis of the international situation. This can result in limited effectiveness of the activities undertaken in the direction of internationalisation and generate related problems. The results of the study provide a basis for indicating the type of activities aimed at activating parks in the international arena. Such activities should be undertaken at a higher level than the parks themselves since they do not have sufficient procedures and resources to guarantee increased internationalisation. One desirable course of action could also be the creation of cooperation networks at different territorial and entity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology-intensive industries in China have developed rapidly since its economic reform. This article examines the role of higher education institutions (HEI s) in science and technology (S&T) in innovation and the development of technology-intensive industries in China. First, it illustrates the evolution and current status of S&T education at HEI s and their relationship to enterprises and science parks that led to China's innovation and technological development. Second, it reveals the government's role in promoting S&T education at HEI s and strengthening the relationship between universities and enterprises. Finally, it derives policy implications for developing countries in light of China's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the role of open system intermediaries (OSIs), including incubators, accelerators and science parks, in the effort of the Chinese state to harness the innovative potential of fintech ventures. We conducted 50 semi-structured interviews and documented how the Chinese state uses OSIs to support strategically important financial services firms in nurturing cohorts of fintech ventures. This consequently gives rise to a tech-for-fin ecosystem, where innovative fintech ventures are moulded into becoming technology providers for financial services incumbents, while those wishing to fundamentally disrupt the established financial order are excluded from the various support mechanisms provided through OSIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "spatial pattern-wind environment-air pollution" within building clusters is closely interconnected, where different spatial pattern parameters may have varying degrees of impact on the wind environment and pollutant dispersion. Due to the complex spatial structure within industrial parks, this complexity may lead to the accumulation and retention of air pollutants within the parks. Therefore, to alleviate the air pollution situation in industrial parks in China and achieve the circular transformation and construction of parks, this study takes Hefei Circular Economy Demonstration Park as the research object. The microscale Fluent model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to finely simulate the wind flow field and the diffusion process of pollutants within the park. The study analyzes the triad relationship and influence mechanism of "spatial pattern-wind environment-air pollution" within the park and studies the influence of different spatial pattern parameters on the migration and diffusion of pollutants. The results show a significant negative correlation between the content of pollutants and wind speed inside the industrial park. The better the wind conditions, the higher the air quality. The spatial morphology parameters of the building complex are the main influences on the condition of its internal wind environment. Building coverage ratio and degree of enclosure have a significant negative correlation with wind conditions. Maintaining them near 0.23 and 0.37, respectively, is favorable to the quality of the surrounding environment. Moreover, the average height of the building is positively correlated with the wind environment condition. The rate of transport and dissipation of pollutants gradually increases as the average building height reaches 16 m. Therefore, a reasonable building planning strategy and arrangement layout can effectively improve the wind environment condition inside the park, thus alleviating the pollutant retention situation. The obtained results serve as a theoretical foundation for optimizing morphological structure design within urban industrial parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews worldwide wetland park research from 1996 to 2022. A bibliometric analysis is conducted on 591 wetland park studies indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study utilizes CiteSpace and VOSviewer tools to visualize and explore influential research focuses, themes, directions, and countries. The citation burst indicates that from 1996 to 2022, research on wetland parks transited from exploring basic community structures to complex ecosystem service assessments and the formulation of management strategies. Furthermore, over the past three years, wetland park research has seen a significant surge in studies investigating water quality, ecosystem services, and spatiotemporal analysis. Notably, the three most frequent keywords in research on wetland parks were China, South Africa, and biodiversity. These keywords reflect regions that enhance biodiversity via wetland parks. The spectral-clustering algorithm identifies carbon sequestration as a research focus, highlighting the vital role of wetlands in the carbon cycle. Most authors work in developed countries' institutions, but some are from developing countries like China, South Africa, and India. The findings suggest that economic development is crucial in wetland park construction and significantly influences related research. Developed countries may offer more PhD positions to developing countries' researchers in the field and raise their awareness about wetland conservation. Given the holistic requirements of wetlands, this research recommends that educators should adopt an interdisciplinary approach in the future when nurturing wetland staff. Additionally, the study maps out the primary areas of interest in wetland park research, including environmental science, ecological economics, forestry, wetlands, tourism, and management. New artificial intelligence and digital technologies should be developed for wetland park research. This study fills a research gap: quantitative and visualized knowledge-mapping and bibliometrics on wetland parks are scarce. Additionally, no previous study has explored the relationship between wetland park research and the economic development of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Park and Ride (P&R) as a demand management tool has the effect of reducing traffic congestion in urban centers, saving energy and reducing pollutant emissions. Since 2000, many cities in China have been constructing P&R facilities, which have partially alleviated urban traffic congestion and provided a time-reliable mode of travel for commuters heading to urban centers. However, in recent years, due to the pricing policy of the P&R facility, there has been an insufficient supply of P&R facilities in many places. In fact, the P&R system prefers to welcome travelers who make long-distance subway rides and does not want those who make short-distance subway rides to occupy more parking spaces. To address this, this paper proposes a tiered pricing strategy that considers charging parking fees based on the distance traveled by commuters after switching to public transportation, to improve the utilization of P&R. That is, charge less for parking for long-distance subway riders and more for short-distance subway riders. Firstly, based on questionnaire data from SP surveys, a fixed pricing mixed logit model (FP model) and a tiered pricing mixed logit model (TP model) for P&R facilities are constructed. Utilizing two models, we explored the mechanisms underpinning traveler's mode choice influenced by daily habits and travel considerations through the comparison of the two models to validate the effectiveness of the tiered pricing for P&R facilities. The study found that the implementation of a tiered pricing method for P&R facilities increases its attractiveness to long-distance subway ride travelers, resulting in a higher proportion of long-distance subway riders among P&R commuters. In the study's last section, a marginal effect analysis was conducted on the per-kilometer cost (Pkm) within the P&R model. This analysis determined the optimal Pkm for three subway travel distances within the P&R model. Consequently, it calculated the corresponding P&R parking fees for these three subway travel distances. Additionally, we have predicted the implementation effects of the tiered pricing scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality rotary core samples of natural London Clay were taken during installation of subsurface instrumentation to monitor the ground response at Hyde Park, London, to the construction of Crossrail tunnels. An extensive programme of advanced triaxial tests was performed on specimens from London Clay divisions A3 to C. Detailed analysis of their response to undrained shearing in compression from their estimated in situ stress state provides new insights into the magnitude of and changes in stiffness at small- and medium-strain levels. A consistent trend in the variation of small-strain stiffness with depth and lithological division is established for the Hyde Park research site. Differences between the stiffness magnitudes from this investigation and those reported earlier by others are shown to be a result of the conditions before and during undrained shearing, particularly the ratio of shearing axial strain rate to the preceding creep strain rate. This provides an explanation for significant discrepancies in small-strain stiffness values reported in recent years, which have led to uncertainties regarding which values to adopt, particularly for numerical analysis applications. Understanding the relevance of the axial shearing to creep rate ratio allows for improved triaxial testing techniques and the subsequent interpretation of the test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, science and technology parks (STPs) have acquired significant academic and political interest due to their potential to develop regional innovation capacities. Despite their popularity, the impact of STPs has been discussed critically in the literature. One reason behind their unclear impact relates to a lack of alignment between the strategies of STPs and their respective regional contexts. This article contributes to this discussion by demonstrating that the concepts of smart specialisation strategies (S3) and innovation system foresight can help design STP's innovation strategies that are in alignment with the regional context. This study develops and implements a foresight exercise design to align the function of the STP with the regional context of the Prince of Songkla University Science Park in Thailand. The foresight exercise contributes to policy recommendations for the regional authorities and the STP's management, focusing on three pillars: collaboration and networks, vertical policy coordination, and the prioritisation of specific technology fields related to the existing industry. Theoretically, the article contributes a new approach to S3 initiation in which STPs play a crucial role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape color of an urban park is the carrier of urban culture and the embodiment of urban style since it is an advanced form resulting from urban growth. It is expected to offer some theoretical references for the color design of urban parks to quantify the color features of urban parks in various seasons and the variations in people's perceptions of parks. This study used People's Park and Huanhuanxi Park in Chengdu as research objects. It used the K-means clustering algorithm to quantify the seasonal characteristics of spatial color changes of different landscape types, and it used the SD. method to examine how people perceived the landscape color in the two parks during various seasons. The findings indicate that N (no color) and G (green) are People's Park's and Huanhuaxi Park's base colors. Architectural landscapes' use of color exhibits a trend toward medium saturation and medium-high brightness. Low saturation and low brightness are characteristics of the color of the pavement landscape. The landscape color in the sketch demonstrates the traits of wide hue dispersion, consistent saturation distribution, and brightness distribution. Seasonal change considerably impacts plant color, according to the color analysis of the natural landscape. According to the SD. evaluation results, spring had the most excellent crowd perception score, followed by summer and winter. Autumn had the highest crowd perception score. The landscape color recommendation chromatography of two urban parks is then put forth in conjunction with quantitative data and population perception evaluation, offering some reference guidelines for creating urban parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation and development of agricultural science and technology park counting intelligence is an important way to accelerate the realization of agricultural modernization. The construction of agricultural science and technology parks in China is still in the primary stage of development. With the continuous breakthrough and integration of digital technology and agricultural technology, agricultural science and technology parks are transforming and developing from the traditional single agricultural science and technology demonstration to the direction of integrated innovation and digital intelligence. At present, China's agricultural science and technology parks are facing the backwardness of agricultural information technology infrastructure, the lack of high-quality agricultural production and management personnel, digital agriculture equipment backwardness, digital services and management mechanisms not perfect and other outstanding problems. The digitalized agriculture machinery and equipment is backward, and the digitalized service management mechanism is imperfect. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the configuration of digital elements, improve the intelligent facilities and equipment, and innovate the way of digital services. This paper defined the connotation of China's agricultural science and technology park digital intellectual transformation and development, analyzed the current situation and the main problems and explored the main direction of agricultural science and technology park digital intellectual transformation and development. Based on these, it provided theoretical guidance for the transformation and development of agricultural science and technology parks, and provided suggestions and countermeasures for cracking the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and industrial integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the effects of enabling management control systems (MCSs) and relational capabilities (interorganizational learning and coordination) on conflict management in innovation ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach: Shedding light on relational governance, structural equation modeling (symmetric analysis) and qualitative comparative fuzzy-set analysis (asymmetric analysis) were applied to a sample of 164 Brazilian firms associated with science and technology parks (STPs), a specific type of innovation ecosystem. Findings: The results of the symmetric analysis showed that enabling MCSs have a direct and positive effect on conflict management, as well indirect effects through interorganizational learning and coordination. The results of the asymmetric analysis indicated four solutions to promote high levels of conflict management, with enabling MCS solutions standing out, as they are present in the majority of cases in the sample. Originality/value: Interorganizational conflict in innovation ecosystems are inevitable, but the previous literature is inconclusive about how the interrelation between MCS and relational capabilities can foster the management of these conflicts. By providing evidence on the predictors and solutions that lead to high levels of conflict management, this study presents valuable insights into how firms and STPs can mutually promote organizational and relational benefits throughout the innovation activities developed among those involved in innovation ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the third mission of universities to promote innovation and economic development, the popularity of science and technology parks (STPs) as a policy tool is increasing. The co-location of innovative companies and universities should be conducive to knowledge exchange between universities and industry, thus leading to more innovation. However, STPs have evolved in different contexts and to serve different purposes. Furthermore, the research on them has evolved mainly through case studies of individual parks and it is scattered across different disciplinary conversations. Building on 1,711 articles published from 1985 onwards, this study presents a systematic literature review of research on STPs and their relationships with universities. We find three different phases in the evolution of this literature: a formation phase (before 2000), where the focus was on the creation of STPs; a geographical expansion phase (2000–2010) reflecting the geographical expansion of STPs to East Asia and other emerging economies, with heavy focus on high-technology firms mainly in ICT; and a topical expansion phase (2011 onwards) when the literature expands to cover a diversity of new topics, including open innovation and sustainability, reflecting broader changes in the understanding of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxicological Sciences is a respected journal that provides reliable information for toxicologists worldwide. The journal acknowledges and appreciates the time and expertise of its peer reviewers, who not only offer feedback to authors but also mentor less experienced reviewers. Authors are encouraged to update their user profiles on the journal's website to facilitate accurate searches for reviewers. The document also contains a list of individuals from different countries who have served as peer reviewers for Toxicological Sciences in the past year. While the purpose of the list is unclear, it could be helpful for library patrons conducting research to identify experts in their field. [Extracted from the article]

Entrepreneurial universities have become a key concept in debates concerning regional economic development. Yet, we still fall short of having a clear comprehension of the enablers of such localized impacts arising from academic activity. Such conditions are particularly critical for the context of developing countries, which have mostly mimicked initiatives taking place in the context of developed markets. To address these issues, we analyze the impacts generated by research-intensive universities on local innovation ecosystems. We apply a combination of econometric and case study methods for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results suggest that research-intensive universities, mostly public universities, positively impact their respective innovation ecosystems. Moreover, qualified research funds and the existence of a support structure (incubators and science and technology parks) significantly enhance the impacts generated by research-intensive universities. These findings highlight the relationship between the internal constraints of universities and their capacity to generate impacts on local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban parks provide critical ecosystem services and satisfy residents' recreational needs. As the population ages, whether the elderly can enjoy park resources equally has become an important issue in spatial justice research. However, most research on park equity is based on accessibility evaluation at spatial scales. Insufficient attention has been paid to selectivity and convenience in accessing parks for the elderly, as well as the importance of their perceptions and preferences in park-selection decision-making. Thus, this study constructed a multidimensional model to assess park equity for the elderly that included accessibility (Ai), proximity (Pi), quality (Qi), and diversity (Di). Our analysis of Yangzhou, China, revealed the following: (1) In Yangzhou central districts, only 21.46% of the elderly in the community could have a high level of park access, while entering parks was difficult or almost impossible for them in 28.34% of the communities. (2) The demographic distribution of the elderly was complete mismatched with all four assessment dimensions, among which accessibility was the most unequal. (3) The number and types of facilities inside parks were the most important considerations for the elderly when choosing parks, and the comfort level of parks had the most influence on their decision-making. The research results aim to make targeted recommendations to ameliorate inequalities in park access for the elderly and contribute to the construction of "age-friendly" cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–nature connection (HNC) is a concept derived from investigating the formulation and extent of an individual's identification with the natural world. This relationship is often characterized as an emotional bond to nature that develops from the contextualized, physical interactions of an individual, beginning in childhood. This outcome presents complexity in evaluating the development of HNC but suggests optimism in the pathways for enhancing lifelong HNC.As urban populations increase, there is a growing recognition worldwide of the potential for urban green space to cultivate HNC and thus shape the environmental identity of urban residents.The results of an online survey of 560 visitors to three community parks (managed primarily to provide a variety of physical, social and cultural opportunities) and three conservation parks (managed primarily to protect native plants and wildlife) in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, were used to investigate HNC.Linear mixed effects models evaluated visitors' HNC as a function of their (1) literacy and sentiment about wildlife species, (2) park experience, (3) number and frequency of nine childhood and adult recreation experiences, and (4) demographics.Across the park response groups, the number and frequency of childhood and adult recreation experiences was significantly associated with HNC, and this positive association persisted in multiple recreation activities. Furthermore, species literacy and sentiment, visiting a park for 'Nature', and frequent and extended visitation also was significantly associated with HNC by park type.Our research demonstrates the importance of lifelong recreation experiences in the development and enhancement of HNC and provides evidence for differences in the expression of HNC associated with particular attributes of urban park visitors and their views of wildlife. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing number of cars and limited street space present significant challenges for cities, applying not only to moving but extending to stationary traffic. The quest for parking spaces exacerbates traffic congestion, noise, and air pollution, particularly in residential areas. To develop effective parking solutions for these challenges, a trustful data foundation on available parking space capacities, its usage and parking type is crucial. Gathering this data is currently time-consuming, requiring manual labeling and street inspections. Moreover, it must be repeated to keep the data current. Research on parking space management has heavily focused on monitoring designated parking lots with fixed cameras to identify free or occupied parking spaces. However, due to privacy concerns fixed cameras are not applicable for the larger part of the street space in European cities. This paper introduces a novel computer vision-based method for automatically collecting parking space capacities and parking type information. Our approach combines both street view and aerial imagery, which are recorded by a moving camera source. We tackle challenges in geo-referencing images, identifying parking types, classifying moving and stationary cars and dealing with partial occlusions in images. By not permanently recording the same environment, our approach lowers the surveillance risk, making parking capacity estimation scalable. We conduct a thorough evaluation of our methods and release a novel validation data set to allow for further research. In the future, more moving camera sources will be available when attached to city cleaning vehicles or to delivery drones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the emerging research on innovation districts (IDs) by conceptualizing them as strategic urban projects. IDs connect innovative activities to their spatial foundations and thus provide a territorial framework for strategic spatial planning efforts. The extant literature on IDs, focusing mainly on ID characteristics and placemaking, has failed to acknowledge that ID development requires an integrated planning approach to realize the so-called new union between form and function, which is often executed via strategic urban projects. Integrated planning, as discussed in the literature on strategic spatial planning, emphasizes coordination both between a range of stakeholder interests and between administrative sectors and spatial scales. This, in turn, is often rooted in path-dependent connections between diverse sectors and organizations. A case study examines the gradual adoption of the new strategic planning approach while the Turku Science Park area in the city of Turku, Finland, was being transformed into an ID. It demonstrates the rise of a new integrated rationale in contemporary urban planning and economic development, one that strategically envisions a spatial form for economic development objectives. The case offers lessons for academic and policy debates on ID development, underscoring competence building in strategic spatial planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This teaching case describes the organizational change process of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Science Park (PTEC-UFRJ), an organization that plays a leading role in the innovation ecosystem of both the university and its surrounding state. The change process began in 2019, rooted on the leadership's view that the Park's economic sustainability depends on strategic redirection and transformation of employees' attitudes and behavior, along with the redesign of PTECUFRJ's internal processes. However, PTEC-UFRJ has the peculiarity of having its leadership appointed by the University Dean's Office. In this context, management initiatives directed to supporting the change process are fundamental to secure its achievements and ensure its continuity. The case describes the decisions and actions took by PTECUFRJ's executive director in order to guide the strategic change in the Park and the challenges faced. In view of the results and objectives already achieved, the most important point is to discuss PTEC-UFRJ's future perspectives, the role of leadership and organizational policies, and practices that guarantee the sustainability of the organizational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This teaching case describes the organizational change process of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Science Park (PTEC-UFRJ), an organization that plays a leading role in the innovation ecosystem of both the university and its surrounding state. The change process began in 2019, rooted on the leadership's view that the Park's economic sustainability depends on strategic redirection and transformation of employees' attitudes and behavior, along with the redesign of PTECUFRJ's internal processes. However, PTEC-UFRJ has the peculiarity of having its leadership appointed by the University Dean's Office. In this context, management initiatives directed to supporting the change process are fundamental to secure its achievements and ensure its continuity. The case describes the decisions and actions took by PTECUFRJ's executive director in order to guide the strategic change in the Park and the challenges faced. In view of the results and objectives already achieved, the most important point is to discuss PTEC-UFRJ's future perspectives, the role of leadership and organizational policies, and practices that guarantee the sustainability of the organizational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is one of the most important topics in knowledge-based companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with a low budget and few human resources are one of the major groups tending to use cloud computing to benefit from this technology. Several components affect the adoption of cloud in these companies, which should be evaluated before making the decision. This study aimed to identify these components and determine how much each component impacts the adoption of cloud in small and medium-sized companies. Accordingly, based on the diffusion of innovation theory and technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework as well as the previous studies, a conceptual model with twelve components was presented. Data were collected via a questionnaire using the descriptive survey method from 59 knowledge-based companies of Kerman Science and Technology Park. In this study, the "need" factor was selected as the desired state and "use" as the current state; then, the mean of the other components was compared with the mean of these two factors. The results of this study showed that based on the gap between the desired state and the current state, the employees' knowledge of cloud computing, compatibility, complexity, and security and privacy require more attention. Innovation factors, decision makers' knowledge of cloud computing, benefits, and costs have a better position than other components. Finally, factors effective in the compliance of knowledge-based companies of Kerman Science and Technology Park with cloud computing were ranked using the Vikor method. The need factor (information need), decision makers' innovation, and benefits were ranked first to third, respectively, and the complexity factor was ranked last among the indicators. Therefore, identifying the current state (not using cloud computing based on the needs or not matching with cloud) and the desired state (using cloud computing based on the needs or matching with the cloud) in knowledge-based companies, based on the criteria or factors whose usefulness was investigated in this study, can be an important step in joining these companies into the cloud, and thus bringing the benefits of this new technology to knowledge-based companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present research emphasizes the models of management control system (MCS), with the objective of analyzing the structuring of Guamá Science and Technological Park companies MCSs, allowing to measure the level of structuring of their management processes. Methodology: This is exploratory research developed with a quantitative approach, through a survey, applied in 15 enterprises at Guamá Science and Technological Park. Results: The results indicated that resident entrepreneurs have structured management control systems, with greater emphasis on planning markers and results control and less structuring of cultural and behavioral controls, in line with the results obtained with the importance attributed by managers to the use of MCS. It was concluded that the companies participating in the research conduct a balanced management between planning and operational control, with the need to conduct actions to stimulate the use of management tools that help in dissemination of culture and behavioral controls. Contributions of the Study: As a practical contribution, this study contributed to improvement of technological Parks management, from the mapping of the needs of their users. As an academic contribution, we believe that understanding management factors that are best developed and those that need to be developed to achieve satisfactory levels of management control systems is critical for definition of internal development policies of management processes, thus, moving forward for the social contribution of the research, the theoretical improvement favors entrepreneurs and their ventures, with profits for ecosystem of technological parks and for general society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merida is the capital and most inhabited city of Yucatan, Mexico, and like many other cities, it suffered drastic landscape transformations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Urban parks, the focus of this article, are of particular socioenvironmental importance and show some of these impacts. Using a strategic transdisciplinary perspective that facilitates the understanding of the complex socioenvironmental influences transforming urban parks, this study contributes to the theory and methods used to research parks by introducing the landscape of historical ecology as a conceptual framework. The results demonstrate that physical elements in the built environment can serve a peripheral role relative to park space usage and that a dichotomy exists between "green" and "gray" areas in parks' design planning. We also find that the Covid-19 pandemic intensified the gulf separating users' preferences and desire for organic elements from the anemic "green-areas" offered in Merida's public spaces. Significantly, the decisions behind the landscape transformation in these spaces was based on political expediency and consultation with architectural specialists but without input from park users. This research strives to inspire future research to integrate a holistic landscape perspective into urban research, observing the built environment's dynamic transformations with a critical mindset and allowing the social construction of space inside urban parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female students have few opportunities and training to develop their entrepreneurial careers in developing economies. The existing literature also provides little discussion of linking women’s entrepreneurial intention with their entrepreneurial careers. The researchers addressed the gaps in the literature by empirically confirming the impact of science and technology parks, market segregation, and commercialization support on female students’ entrepreneurship in Pakistan. The study also tested the moderating role of the economic climate on the relationship between science and technology parks, market segregation, commercialization support, and female students’ entrepreneurship. We used a survey-based data collection approach, and a Likert scale questionnaire was administered. The study used data collected from 247 female students registered in business incubators. The research findings are new in the literature and confirm the science & technology park, market segregation and commercialization support are significant antecedents that influence the entrepreneurial intention of female students in Pakistan. The impact of female students’ entrepreneurial intention is positive on their entrepreneurship careers. Meanwhile, the economic climate is established as a negative moderator between female students’ entrepreneurial intention and their entrepreneurial careers in Pakistan. We recommend that policymakers develop the science & technology park, market segregation and commercialization support for female students to grow their entrepreneurial careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Associate Professor Victor Peperzak from the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht in the Netherlands discusses the opportunities and challenges of building a research group in the Netherlands. Victor highlights the scientific strengths of UMC Utrecht in juxtaposition with other universities and centers around the Netherlands, and highlights the collaborative nature of the Dutch research scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to characterize the internationalization of science parks (STP) from a micro perspective, while the main aim of the research was to diagnose the support for the internationalization process of tenant businesses located in polish STP in the context of the development phases of these enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the theoretical goal, a critical analysis of the literature was carried out. In the empirical layer, own research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, in which a research technique in the form of an interview was used according to the author's questionnaire. The study was conducted in the second half of 2022 with the participation of management staff from 18 STPs in Poland (55%). The study was complemented by direct interviews with directors of selected STPs conducted in September 2023. The diagnosis of the internationalization status of science parks was made at one of the four possible levels of analysis, i.e. micro, which was analyzed in the following areas: the size of the population of international companies operating in the STP and the scope of support for the internationalization of the STP for companies. For the purposes of the study, four phases of development of STP tenant enterprises were defined and operationalized based on the criteria indicated in the literature on the subject: pre-incubation, incubation, post-incubation and maturity, and their age and size were also taken into account. Findings: The intensity of services provided by the surveyed STPs in supporting the internationalization of enterprises varied. The research results indicated that parks with the highest share of entities in the maturity phase were, on average, characterized by the highest percentage of entities with foreign capital. However, statistical analysis using linear correlation coefficients and rank correlations did not indicate the existence of significant differences between the share of enterprises active abroad and the development phase of enterprises tenants of parks. However, it was confirmed that the activities undertaken by the park were positively and statistically significantly correlated with the share of enterprises active abroad. Originality/value: The result of the study is an understanding of the phenomenon of STP internationalization in Poland at the micro level in the context of the development phases of tenant enterprises, which is an original approach to this issue and the first study of this type conducted in Poland. Although the research confirmed some of the assumed relationships, some of them were confirmed on the basis of statistical analysis, however, further research should undoubtedly be conducted to take into account other parks operating in Poland, but also to take into account other factors that may determine the process of STP internationalization from a micro perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how returnees' repatriation speed and irregularity affect FDI knowledge spillovers. Using a unique dataset of high-tech Chinese firms located in Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing from 2007 to 2013, we find that returnees are vital in improving local firms' absorptive capacity and disseminating FDI externalities. Our empirical results show that returnees' high repatriation speed positively contributes to the local absorption of FDI knowledge spillovers, whereas repatriation irregularity dampens it. This research highlights the time-based attributes of returnees' repatriation as a new factor of absorptive capacity when learning from FDI knowledge. It thus provides a more integrated viewpoint on the relationship between returnees and FDI spillovers. Our findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates determinants of science and technology parks (STPs) performance in China. We estimate dynamic panel‐data models on a sample comprising 53 STPs for 2008–2018. Foreign direct investment and human capital impact labour productivity and innovation of STPs and explain differences in performance among them. We find evidence for beta‐ and sigma‐convergence of labour productivity and beta‐, but not sigma‐convergence of innovation. Our study provides novel insights for research on STPs and innovation policy regarding heterogeneity in performance of STPs, and specifically, some evidence concerning formation of "clubs" of STPs based on the city‐tier system in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the effects of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on business models, addressing a research gap in this area. The study focuses on a random sample of seventytwo small firms located in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and reliability and validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, Dillon-Goldstein's rho, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The paired sample test was employed to determine the business model components influenced by the JCPOA. The results indicate significant positive differences in six components, including customer segments, customer relationships, key activities, key partners, cost structure, and revenue stream before and after the JCPOA. However, no significant differences were found in the value proposition, channels, and key resources. The findings suggest that the JCPOA has positively impacted business models overall. Notably, the need for significant differences in the value proposition contradicts previous research, highlighting the need for Iranian firms to adapt to new technologies. Conversely, improvements in customer segments and relationships can be attributed to lifting sanctions, allowing legal business transactions with Iranian companies and access to international markets. Channels and key resources showed no significant differences, implying the need for long-term planning and access to capital and distribution networks for Iranian companies. Key activities, key partners, cost structure, and revenue stream demonstrated significant increases, aligning with the ideas of previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: This work expands the understanding of science and technology parks (STPs) and can also guide STP decision makers by incorporating data science and artificial intelligence tools, as well as guiding policy makers on how to promote innovation. The role played by science and technology parks (STPs) in technology transfer, industrial innovation, and economic growth is examined in this paper. The accurate monitoring of their evolution and impact is hindered by the lack of uniformity in STP models or goals, and the scarcity of high-quality datasets. This work uses existing terminologies, definitions, and core features of STPs to conduct a multidimensional data analysis that explores and evaluates the 21 core features which describe the key internal factors of an STP. The core features are gathered from a reliable and updatable dataset of Spanish STPs. The methodological framework can be replicated for other STP contexts and is based on descriptive techniques and machine-learning tools. The results of the study provide an overview of the general situation of STPs in Spain, validate the existence and characteristics of three types of STPs, and identify the typical features of STPs. Moreover, the prototype STP can be used as a benchmark so that other STPs can identify the features that need to be improved. Finally, this work makes it possible to carry out classifications of STPs, in addition to prediction and decision making for innovation ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of science and technology parks (STPs) in economic development, and in particular in the growth of the firms, has received considerable attention from government policies in different countries. However, there is no consensus in the literature on whether the location in these parks has positive effects on firms' sales growth. This paper aims to extend the discussion on the effects of STPs by providing new empirical evidence. With this purpose, we use a sample of 553 Portuguese companies located in these infrastructures and a control sample of the same size. We use the Propensity Score Matching Procedure to match the samples and the analysis is carried out by the Generalized Method of Moments in dynamic panel data. The empirical analysis does not prove any statistically significant effect of the location of the firms in science and technology parks on their growth in sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theme parks have attracted extensive scholarly attention within and outside the tourism literature. These parks have been studied from various stances, yet a uniform definition and integrated framework remain lacking for theme park research and practice. Based on a comprehensive review and research synthesis, this article defines a theme park as a dedicated space featuring five main characteristics: thematic identity, closed space with controlled access, hybrid consumption, performative labor, and merchandising. This article further considers multidisciplinary lenses in theme park studies, particularly in terms of how these five characteristics can be assessed. A research framework covering four domains (industry, tourists/visitors, environment, and impacts) is accordingly proposed to inspire theoretical advances, identify research gaps, promote relevant research, and facilitate managerial practices. This article encourages scholars to move beyond current empirical confines and shape the interdisciplinary future of theme park tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how firms' sustainability performance is affected by external knowledge sources and absorptive capacity, accounting for the influence of being located in a science and technology park (STP). Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on data from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel, the authors estimate the determinants of sustainability performance using fixed effects multiple linear regression models with robust standard errors. The analysis covers the period 2009–2016, with a total panel of 8,874 companies and a total sample of 47,870 observations. Findings: This study highlights the heterogeneity in on-park firms' sustainability performance, which can be explained by the different capacities of these firms when it comes to embedding themselves in STP networks and processes and effectively absorbing the knowledge from the many knowledge sources that may be on offer in the park. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature by examining the influence of external sources of knowledge and absorptive capacity, and the relationship between them, on sustainability performance. This study approaches sustainability performance as an aggregate measure of firms' competitiveness and potential for long-term survival from the triple bottom line perspective. In addition, this study examines the effect that location in an STP can have on business sustainability performance and, more specifically, the mediating effect that knowledge sources and absorptive capacity can exert on this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AQ Guard Ambient sampler is the most advanced compact device that collects ambient air pollutants of various particle sizes. This study collected ambient air pollutant particles of various sizes, CO2 and VOC concentrations and particle numbers from April to May of 2021 using the AQ-guard ambient sampler at Taichung Science Park. The relationships among various particles sizes, CO2, VOC concentrations and total particle numbers in conjunction with the meteorological conditions are also discussed. Appropriate statistical methods were used to test the mean concentration differences between various particulate sizes, CO2, VOC and total particle numbers at Taichung Science Park. The results indicated that particle concentrations of various sizes (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), CO2, VOC concentrations and particulate numbers at the sample location over the study period were the highest on April 21 and gradually decreased from April 21 to May 23, 2021 at Taichung Science Park. The meteorological conditions; temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively displayed but moderately correlated with the ambient air particulate concentrations, CO2, VOC and particulate numbers. The relationships between ambient air particles (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, PMtot), and CO2, VOC concentrations displayed moderate correlated relationships. The results further showed that there were mean concentration differences existing for most of the pollutants (particulates, CO2 and VOC) monitored by the AQ Guard Ambient sampler in this study. The relationships among particles sizes of PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were highly correlated with the mean concentrations. However, the results further showed that they also displayed no significant mean concentration differences for PM1 v.s. PM2.5, PM2.5 v.s. PM4, PM4 v.s. PM10, PM10 v.s. PMtot were collected by the AQ Guard sampler at this Taichung Science Park sampling site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeast Colorado's livestock operations have been identified as a major contributor to reactive nitrogen deposition in the Rocky Mountains National Park (RMNP). We present a review on the state of knowledge concerning the emission, transport, deposition, and mitigation of gaseous ammonia (NH3) from open-lot cattle feeding facilities located east of the Northern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Gaseous NH3 mitigation strategies discussed are related to diet manipulation and management practices. Crude protein content of 11% and condensed tannins of 8% reduced the NH3 emission by 43% and 57%, respectively. Ambiguous results for NH3 mitigation by using water sprinklers have been reported—an increase in NH3 emission by 27% and decrease of 27 to 56%. Manure harvesting should be evaluated in terms of maintaining proper moisture content, and not necessarily as a mitigation option. The use of chemical and physical manure amendments has shown a wide range in NH3 mitigation effectiveness, ranging from 19 to 98% for chemical and 0 to 43% for physical amendments, respectively. The review outlined the scientific basis, practicality, and expected efficacy of each management practice. The most plausible management practices to reduce NH3 emissions from corral surfaces in cattle feedyards are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The booming Internet technology and media have generated large sets of social media data, with which the social sensing analyses based on users' reviews have become a research hotspot and have been increasingly applied in the study of urban park usage and perception. However, most existing studies adopt a single model for text data processing. To fill this gap, this study aims to compare social media text data analysis methods and assess their advantages, disadvantages and applicability in park perception research. The Lexicon-based classification analysis model (lexicon model) and LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model widely used in relevant research were selected. Based on text data obtained from public reviews of 10 urban parks in Beijing on Dianping, this study explored the perception topic distribution of each park and all parks in general, and compared the classification results of perception topics between these two models. Results show that the lexicon model is conducive to the parallel comparison of perception frequency between parks, while the LDA model can directly reflect each park's characteristics and visitors' perception preferences; the combined use of the two models can optimize park perception assessment. Results from the two methods reveal that visitors to urban parks in Beijing focused more on their social recreation needs and visual aesthetics brought by the natural landscape, as well as conditions of the transportation facilities and the consumption in the parks. This research can provide optimization suggestions for the selection and use of social media text analysis methods, and a basis and guidance for park construction and management improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Science and technology parks (STP) are established to facilitate innovation and the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies. The innovation performance of tenants is the primary feature of all successful STPs globally. The purpose of this study is to investigate firms' innovation and economic performance at the National Science and Technology Park (NSTP), Islamabad, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The CDM (the acronym of the three authors' names, Crépon, Duguet and Mairesse) model following a two-stage approach was used to analyze the survey data of 105 tenants. The innovation performance of tenants was estimated through probit regression at Stage 1, and the economic performance of tenants given their innovation performance was examined at Stage II using Tobit regression and the Heckman model. Findings: The findings suggest that compatibility of innovation with the existing competitive advantage of a firm increases the innovation performance of firms, whereas collaboration of firms with NUST for research and development has only a marginal effect on innovation performance. However, the tenant's business and social networking were weak, possibly due to the short time spent on NSTP. Originality/value: These STPs are expected to be hubs of technology development and transfer by fostering open innovation through internal and external collaborations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the innovation performance of tenants at NSTP, the first fully integrated STP in Pakistan. Despite shortcomings, the innovation and economic performance of NSTP tenants warrant further public policy support to inculcate open innovation culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]