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Despite the prevalence of teams in research, there is a lack of a good understanding of how their size and diversity affects their performance. We develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes two dimensions of research performance for an academic paper: impact (i.e., subsequent citations) and prestige (i.e., ranking of the journal where research is published). We propose that, while larger teams will enhance linearly the impact of research, they will affect its prestige in a nonlinear fashion. We further contend that these effects will be moderated by knowledge and international diversity of the teams. We test these hypotheses using bibliometric data between 1990 and 2020 on more than 1.4 million papers and 18 million citation counts across 22 subfields in management. Our results confirm significant benefits for research impact from both team size and diversity, but also highlight drawbacks when teams become very large and heterogeneous. Moreover, we find a nonlinear positive effect of team size on research prestige that can be offset only by high levels of knowledge diversity. These findings are robust to a variety of proxies, controls, and estimation techniques, including instrumental variables and propensity score matching. We discuss practical implications for stimulating research performance in business schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the success of videographic methods, they have not been used to expand the range of contexts where institutional complexity informs marketing theory. In applying participant videography to such a study, however, we can also better understand how both methods and researchers themselves are variously embedded in the institutional complexity being studied. We explore this through the idea of hyphen-spaces amongst researchers, between researcher and participants, and involving the technologies used in research. We show how video helps researchers to understand institutional complexity in contexts where consumption practices may be difficult for participants to reflect on and articulate. We then further explain how interpreting video data opens up hyphen-spaces in which the research team can reflect on their own institutional embeddedness and implicit political aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's business organizations are faced with increased competition and growing customer expectations which require varying approaches to market opportunities. These opportunities necessitate that organizational decision makers determine how to allocate resources based on the potential of the opportunity. Human capital is arguably the most important resource within an organization and many firms have moved from a single salesperson model to a team selling modality. While the adoption of a sales team approach has been growing in practice for decades, academic research has not kept pace with the changes in the field. The intent of this team selling literature review is to: 1) define team selling, 2) review recent and relevant literature that focuses on team selling both within and outside of the marketing discipline, 3) identify themes evident in the current team selling research, and 4) outline promising areas for future investigations that stem from each research theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural product total synthesis has trailblazed in the era of multistep synthesis. The strategic application of existing synthetic methodologies and the stepwise construction that revolves around newly developed, tailored key steps, are two basic tactics in the principle of classic retrosynthetic analysis. However, a new synthetic model, termed self-organized total synthesis, has emerged in recent years, enabling the rapid creation of specific natural products by a one-pot reaction. Distinct from conventional analysis associated with certain bond disconnections, the design of self-organized total synthesis focuses on seeking a series of self-organized reaction sequences which can be integrated compatibly under a uniform condition, therefore allowing the entire sequence to proceed in one pot, and most importantly, starting from commercially available feedstocks or biomass materials. Whilst dauntingly challenging, this synthetic strategy is more consistent with the biogenetic pathway of natural products compared with conventional counterparts, and will hopefully provide the shortest synthesis for such natural products. Through this rational analysis, one-pot total synthesis is no longer in the way of serendipity but can be precisely designed and manipulated. In this review, we account for the definition, delimitation, and categorization of self-organized total synthesis and then elucidate a comprehensive understanding of this synthetic strategy based on our intensive explorations. We also highlight the contributions of other research groups in this growing field and anticipate that it will give rise to advancing new methodologies, as well as new concepts within organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Certain groups are commonly under-served by health research due to exclusionary models of research design/delivery. Working in partnership with under-served groups is key to improving inclusion. This project aimed to explore the use of a knowledge mobilisation approach to start building partnerships with under-served groups based on trust and mutual understanding. Methods: This co-produced public involvement project employed a knowledge mobilisation approach. The project team involved public contributors from four community organisations and staff from two Universities. A series of 'community conversations' were co-produced. These involved open discussions with local people in community settings. The conversations provide an informal space to engage in a multi-directional dialogue about health research and incorporated approaches such as prompt questions, live illustrations, and themed boards. The findings were reviewed collectively. Dissemination/feedback activities and lessons learned for future engagement with community organisations and under-served groups were also co-produced. Results: Over 100 people attended the community conversations. Attendees varied widely in their sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status and ethnicity) and brought diverse lived experiences (e.g., experiences of homelessness and disability). A strong appetite for change and desire to mobilise public knowledge were evident. Attendees reported wide-ranging barriers to inclusion in health research and suggested ways to address them. Three inter-related take-home messages were identified: ensure relevance, appreciation, and trust; prioritise language and accessibility needs; and maximise flexibility in all research-related activities. Feedback about the community conversations and dissemination activities was largely positive, with all parties planning to continue the partnership building. The lessons learned provide practical suggestions for promoting inclusion in research and highlight the importance of addressing research teams' training/support needs. Conclusions: Knowledge mobilisation was a valuable approach for facilitating multi-directional dialogues and relationship building between local communities and university teams. This approach enabled co-creation of new knowledge related to inclusion and partnership working in health research. The project has provided a firm foundation to build upon. However, creating sustainable, inclusive public partnerships is likely to require systemic changes, such as weighting of fundings schemes to projects that prioritise inclusion of under-served groups throughout the research cycle. Plain English summary: Some groups of people often face barriers to being involved in health research. Researchers need to get better at working with these under-served groups so that the groups' voices contribute to research, and the groups benefit from research. This project aimed to explore the use of a knowledge mobilisation approach to start building partnerships with under-served groups based on trust and mutual understanding. Knowledge mobilisation involves research teams and people beyond academia sharing what they know with each other. This helps to create new knowledge with practical benefits in the real world. The project team involved people from four community organisations and two universities. Informal conversations with over 100 local people were held in community settings. Prompt questions and other activities were used to encourage people to share their views of health research. The conversations suggested research teams need to: Work with local communities to design research that is relevant to them, show their input is valued, and build trust. Meet people's language and disability-related needs. Make all research activities as flexible as possible. This project's lessons learned provide practical examples of how to make research more inclusive and highlight the importance of addressing research teams' training/support needs. Overall, knowledge mobilisation was a helpful approach for building relationships with under-served groups and working together to create new knowledge. All the groups involved plan to carry on working together. Keeping the partnerships going long term may need wider changes, for example in how research is funded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the acute effect of exposure to a potentiation warm-up protocol compared to a usual warm-up program. Design: Randomized parallel control trial. Setting: Synthetic grass in the club's facilities (Portugal). Participants: Seventeen female football players (age: 23.9 ± 3.9 years), were randomly allocated to a control (n = 8) and an experimental group (n = 9). To allocate the players, a table was computer-generated by a research team member with no involvement in the trial. Intervention: The control group performed their usual warm-up program, while the experimental group performed a potentiation warm-up protocol with jumps combined with sprints with change of direction. Main outcomes measures: The players were tested pre- and post-intervention for a 40-m linear sprint and pre-planned change of direction using the T-test. Statistical analysis: An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, with all the participants originally randomized being involved. The normal distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The assumption of sphericity was analyzed. Effect sizes were calculated using partial eta squared. Results: No significant pre-post differences in the T-test and in the 40-m sprint were detected for any group. However, in the T-test, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.27 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176) and control groups (0.06 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.176). Also, in the 40-m sprint, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.05 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251) and control groups (0.09 s; p > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.251). Conclusions: The performance-enhancing ability of the potentiation method performed at warm-up was not verified when applied to female football players. Thus, the potentiation methods may not improve sprint and COD ability for this population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have been due to reduced statistical power, as three of four effects suggest acute performance impairment after a supposed potentiation-oriented warm-up. Nevertheless, the presence of a statistical type 2 error cannot be ruled out. Registration number (retrospectively registered): NCT06555185; Project URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06555185. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) was not invented as a research method but is increasingly attracting researchers’ attention as a unique approach to describing and understanding the situations faced by underprivileged groups. Despite these positive features and this increasing attention, there are some aspects which should be carefully described and negotiated if we are to also use the TO for research purposes. Firstly, we delineate TO vis-à-vis participatory action research (PAR) and critical ethnography and describe our experience of using TO both at the university level and in researching marginalised groups. Subsequently, we outline the strategies for choosing non-actors to participate which affect the researcher’s control over the agenda and the data discovered. We also discuss how research questions are developed in TO by the researcher and the participants. We then distinguish three approaches to inviting audiences. The arguments are based on 10 years of experience using the TO for intervention and research, contributing to reflection on the TO as a comprehensive method of empowerment and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPSB (Hydrolysis Product of Sodium Borohydride) hydrogen storage material is a kind of porous lamellar structural material developed by our research group. Due to the special structure of this material, it can absorb hydrogen at room temperature, hydrogen absorption pressure is 2–4 MPa, and hydrogen absorption time is 2–5 min. The main preparation method used in the experiment is hydrolysis. The main raw material is sodium borohydride, and the reaction temperature is 30 °C. In this experiment, in order to improve the hydrogen storage performance of HPSB hydrogen storage material, Co–B and Sm 2 O 3 were introduced as catalysts during the preparation of HPSB. The results show that the amount of Sm 2 O 3 and the ratio of Sm 2 O 3 to Co–B have obvious influence on the hydrogen storage performance of HPSB. In addition, according to the results of SEM analysis, the amount of Sm 2 O 3 and the ratio of Sm 2 O 3 to Co–B also have obvious effects on the microstructure of HPSB hydrogen storage materials. The sample with a doping amount of 4 wt% and a ratio of Sm 2 O 3 to Co–B of 4:6 can release 2.17 wt% H 2. • The catalyst Co–B/Sm 2 O 3 can improve the hydrogen storage performance of HPSB. • Co–B/Sm 2 O 3 doping 4 wt% and ratio 4:6 shows the best dehydrogenation performance. • The maximum total dehydrogenation amount of the Co–B/Sm 2 O 3 doped sample is 2.17 wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromyography (EMG) stands out as an accessible and inexpensive method for identifying muscle contractions on the surface and within deeper muscle tissues. Using specialized electronic circuits for amplification and filtering can help develop simple but effective systems for detecting and analyzing these signals. However, EMG devices developed by research teams frequently lack rigorous methodologies for validating the quality of the signals they record compared to those obtained by commercial systems that have undergone extensive testing and regulatory approval for market release. This underscores the critical need for standardized validation techniques to reliably assess the performance of experimental devices relative to established commercial equipment. Hence, this study introduces a methodology for the development and statistical validation of a laboratory EMG circuit compared with a professional device available on the market. The experiment simultaneously recorded the muscle electrical activity of 18 volunteers using two biosignal acquisition devices—a prototype EMG and a commercial system—both applied in parallel at the same recording site. Volunteers performed a series of finger and wrist extension movements to elicit myoelectric activity in these forearm muscles. To achieve this, it was necessary to develop not only the EMG signal conditioning board, but also two additional interface boards: one for enabling parallel recording on both devices and another for synchronizing the devices with the task programmatically controlled in Python that the volunteers were required to perform. The EMG signals generated during these tasks were recorded simultaneously by both devices. Subsequently, 22 feature indices commonly used for classifying muscular activity patterns were calculated from two-second temporal windows of the recordings to extract detailed temporal and spatial characteristics. Finally, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was computed to compare the indices from the prototype with those from the commercial device, using this method as a validation system to assess the quality of the signals recorded by the prototype relative to the commercial equipment. A concordance of 87.6% was observed between the feature indices calculated from the recordings of both devices, suggesting high effectiveness and reliability of the EMG signals recorded by the prototype compared to the commercial device. These results validate the efficacy of our EMG prototype device and provide a solid foundation for the future evaluation of similar devices, ensuring their reliability, accuracy, and suitability for research or clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To provide detailed information on the codesign of a digital intervention to support parents with bipolar disorder (BD) who have young children. Each step of this process is reported, as well as a detailed description of the final version of the intervention in line with the TIDieR framework. Methods: Clinical experience and lived experience experts participated in online workshops, meetings, and remote feedback requests, informed by Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) principles. The IKT research group responded to each phase of recommendations from the knowledge users. Results: Five clinical experience experts and six lived experience experts engaged with the codesign process. Their recommendations for principles, content, look, and feel, and functionality of the digital intervention were structured over five iterative phases. This led to a final implemented design that was identified by the clinical and lived experience experts (referred to together as the knowledge users group) as genuinely reflecting their input. Conclusions: The IKT principles offer an accessible structure for engaging with clinical and lived experience experts throughout a codesign process, in this case for a digital intervention for parents with BD. The resulting intervention is described in detail for transparency to aid further evaluation and development and to help other teams planning codesign approaches to intervention development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflexivity, which requires the conscious appraisal of how researchers' social positions and subjectivities interact with the research process, has become increasingly popular in qualitative research with participants at heightened risk of marginalization and trauma histories. Despite the documented traumas associated with marginalization, little has been written about the process of integrating a reflexive approach into research with marginalized communities. This methodological paper seeks to redress this gap by illuminating how our research team used the lens of space as a reflexive framework to attend to positionality, transformation, and power in a qualitative study with older persons with experiences of homelessness. These reflections emerged from our work conducting research in one of three sites associated with a pan-Canadian study, on housing, aging, place/space, and homelessness. More specifically, they emerged from our team's observations and de-briefings during and following data collection with 11 participants (aged 50+ years) of a long-term transitional housing site in Montreal, Canada. These reflections illuminate how integrating concepts of space may provide an avenue for attending to reflexivity when conducting research that informs policy and public service initiatives for marginalized communities, and support research processes that disrupt tendencies to overlook trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project sought to understand the present-day experiences of individuals housed in prisons by utilizing Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods that partnered a university research team with individuals incarcerated in an urban correctional facility. The team assessed perceptions of the current environment by surveying people incarcerated in an urban prison. This article discusses the role of PAR methodologies from project initiation to finalization, explicitly focusing on coordination with prison and Department of Correction (DOC) administrative leadership and the value of including incarcerated individuals on the research team for successful change. Throughout the process, the team identified areas for improvement and innovations to improve the prison environment. This article provides a road map, lessons learned from conducting PAR in prison environments, and the power of partnering researchers and members of the researched population on one collaborative research team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Protecting diversity is critical to maintaining functional and adaptive ecosystems. However, research groups that explore these relationships tend to lack diversity themselves. To address the challenges of our changing world, it is crucial to consider a wide range of perspectives and knowledge. We propose that just as greater diversity in ecosystems relates to a variety of functions and, consequently, enhances resilience, stability, and efficiency, a comparable diversity within research teams results in a broader spectrum of creative endeavors. Thus, it is important to re‐evaluate our scientific communities' openness toward greater diversity to meet the diverse problems of our changing world. Summary: Ecosystems face multiple threats, jeopardizing natural and human well‐being. Biodiversity loss can increase ecosystem vulnerability to global change, risking abrupt and irreversible changes. Protecting biodiversity can prevent ecosystems from crossing tipping points, preserving their functions and resilience, which sustain life on our planet. In addressing these challenges, society demands creativity, innovation, and diverse perspectives. Yet, our societal structures often neglect the full range of voices and experiences, limiting problem‐solving. Understanding how research teams with diverse demographics may stimulate creative solutions to global change challenges may help. In this context, we emphasize examples from plant ecology, where the advantages of diverse ecosystems are well recognized, and we draw an analogy of these features to the innovation of research teams. In ecosystems, biodiversity can maximize productivity and function but can also serve as a protective "insurance" against disruptions. Similarly, in a time of multifaceted environmental changes, diverse research groups play a critical and analogous role, resembling the biodiversity within ecosystems. Diverse research teams not only bring complementary strengths, fostering creative problem‐solving by embracing various perspectives, but also drive scientific innovation by integrating a wide range of research topics (e.g., ecosystems, taxa, and conservation priorities). These human‐centered dynamics are congruent with the mechanisms in ecosystems, with a diversity of solutions promoting resilience, stability, and efficiency, all of which ultimately provide a counterbalancing effect on global change. Much like biodiverse ecosystems, a diverse spectrum of knowledge, and expertise within the scientific community can enrich a dynamic landscape of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The French "OMIN registry" was established in 2015 to collect nationwide standardised data concerning biological, clinical, environmental and social characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) and unexpected death in children aged 1–2 years. A biobank has existed since July 2020 to store biological samples for each case. This article aimed to detail (1) a brief history and the objectives of the registry; (2) a description of the methodology used; (3) the first results of the registry, i.e. the main characteristics of the cases included so far; (4) the process for accessing the data for research projects; and (5) issues regarding weakness and improvement and perspectives offered by the registry. On 31 May 2024, 1975 cases were included in the OMIN registry; on 31 December 2022, 4606 biological samples from 176 cases were collected. For each deceased child, different types of data are registered on an electronic case report form: socio-demographic data, personal and familial medical background, environment and feeding data, clinical data, and biological and imaging results. A strict and continuous quality control process is used to ensure the reliability of the data, in parallel with specific actions to improve the exhaustiveness of the registry. The OMIN registry database is one of the largest and the most complete databases on SUDI, especially in Europe, and the first in the world to associate a standardised biological sample collection with it. Perspectives of research provided by our registry are numerous and could be supported by national and international scientific collaborations. Conclusion: This article details the objectives and methods of the French registry of SUDI. It provides initial results relating to the population included in the register and the procedure for accessing the data. What is Known: • In Western Europe, France is one of the countries with the highest SUDI rate, making it the first cause of death of infants between 28 and 364 days. • The development of epidemiological tools on a national and international scale is essential to advance research into the determinants and risk factors of unexpected death in children under 2 years of age. What is New: • The OMIN registry was created in France in 2015 to collect nationwide standardised social, environmental, clinical, and paraclinical data for cases of unexpected death in children aged 0 to 2 years. • To date, the OMIN registry has included 680 data from almost 2000 children unexpectedly deceased, completed by a biocollection since 2020. • Data from the OMIN registry, unique in its field, are freely available for scientific research teams, after acceptation by the scientific committee of the registry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical students, like many health professional students, are at risk for burnout and other negative well-being outcomes. Research suggests that building resilience may help to mitigate these risks. A multi-disciplinary team developed, delivered, and evaluated a training on building resilience for medical students entitled, "Resilience for Health Providers - Strengthening You to Strengthen Them." The training program provided parallel learning intended to teach medical students how to apply protective factors to both themselves and their patients. The research team proposed that training medical students to understand mechanisms that support resilience such as motivation and selfefficacy may increase the development of resilience as part of their medical training. Through parallel learning, students can also learn how to apply these mechanisms to their patients. The evaluation of the training's effectiveness consisted of pre- and post-tests. Medical students' resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), a tested and validated scale. Findings indicated that post-test scores increased in each domain from pre-test. Participants reported enhanced skill building for both their own resilience and that of patients after the training. Results from the CD-RISC-10 scale showed that the medical students rated slightly lower than the mean identified by the CD-RISC-10 creators. The results from this initial study to strengthen health professionals' self-reported resilience showed that the training improved medical students' self-reported resilience and their confidence in assisting houseless participants to improve their understanding of building their own self-resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The UCLA PEERS program has been studied using predominantly White and affluent populations. As autistic teens and their parents are represented across cultures, it is vitally important that interventions are tailored to their needs-whether that be linguistically or with respect to their cultural practices. Thus, the current qualitative study explored whether culturally and linguistically diverse families (primarily Latine) participating in the PEERS program had recommendations for adaptations to improve their experience and make the program more culturally sensitive. Method: The study utilized a sample of 13 autistic teens and their parents who completed the original 16-week PEERS program with content delivered bilingually. Results: All parents and teens recommended the program to other families. Although the intervention was largely accepted in its current format, suggestions were put forth regarding how to adapt the program to be more accommodating of Latine cultural views on parenting. Conclusion: The PEERS program is an evidenced based intervention with well documented positive results. This paper contributes to a growing body of literature highlighting both the importance of including underrepresented demographic groups in research and factoring in cultural adaptations to increase validity of interventions previously normed on White affluent populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To enhance support for individuals at end of life to die at home, a new community-driven home-based hospice program was developed–Home Hospice. This wholistic hospice care program, co-designed by hospice care staff, community end-of-life care providers, researchers, and health systems decision-makers, will provide around the clock care to clients and their families. Methods and analysis: This mixed methods study, guided by a process evaluation framework, will use secondary client and caregiver data collected as part of regular Home Hospice program processes, as well as primary interview data collected from caregivers at least three months post-death of the client and from hospice staff and volunteers involved in the Home Hospice program. Analysis will include descriptive statistical analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis employing an inductive and a deductive qualitative analysis approach. Ethics: Ethics approval has been received from the University of Northern British Columbia (File No: 6009117). All individuals and caregivers who enroll in the Home Hospice program will be invited to participate in this study. At three months post-death of the client, hospice staff will contact caregivers to ask if they would like to participate in a one-on-one interview with a research team member. Staff and volunteers will also be eligible to participate in one-on-one interviews with research team members. De-identified participant data will be provided by hospice staff to the research team. All participants will provide informed consent prior to participation in the study. Dissemination: This study will use an integrated Knowledge Translation/Knowledge Mobilization (iKTKM) lens wherein the research team will work closely and meaningfully with knowledge users and community partners at all stages. Evidence-based and targeted iKTKM products will be created, including community event presentations and social media posts to share findings with participant and community audiences. Further, findings will be disseminated at conferences, workshops, and policy rounds with academic and decision-making audiences. Preliminary and full project findings will be published in high-quality open access journals. Strengths and limitations of this study: Co-design of Home Hospice program and evaluation metrics involves researchers, hospice staff, health systems decision-makers, and community members. Evaluation metrics involve prospective collection of service utilization from client, family, hospice, and health systems perspectives. Integrated knowledge translation approach which frames the knowledge dissemination plan for the study findings focuses on a range of audiences, including local citizens, hospice and community end-of-life care providers, health systems decision-makers, and academic professionals. As a one-year pilot study, the number of clients who may be able to participate in this program will be approximately 50 persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient involvement is most common during the first phases of a research project. Despite good intentions, maintaining meaningful collaborations throughout the research process doesn't seem easy. Several training programmes for researchers and patients have been developed to stimulate continuous involvement. These are mostly one-time training sessions at the start of a project, for researchers and patients separately. We aimed to co-create a prolonged side-by-side programme for pairs of patient representatives and researchers, to stimulate mutual learning from the start and throughout the research projects. Methods: We developed a group training and peer-to-peer support programme lasting 2–3 years for 4–5 pairs of researchers and patient representatives working together on a research project. The programme took 30 h, spread over 6–8 meetings. The main goal was mutual and bi-directional learning and maintaining the collaboration throughout the research projects. From the start, the pairs were instructed to discuss communication, roles, expectations and responsibilities to prevent misunderstandings. The character of the meetings was intended to evolve from training and peer support into peer-group coaching and support for the whole group. The programme was not a fixed method, it was adjusted to the context and the needs of the participants. Results: Thus far, the programme has been applied in 5 groups, with varying health topics and types of research. Patients' prior knowledge of research methods and researchers' experience with patient involvement varied within the groups. As a result of the side-by-side training power imbalances within pairs were reduced. All participants gained knowledge and experience in patient involvement. In subsequent group coaching sessions, they discussed issues and dilemmas on an equal footing. Most pairs found their way of working together, adapted to the wishes and capabilities of both partners. Differences between pairs were found to improve the discussions. Conclusions: We co-created a prolonged side-by-side programme for pairs of patient representatives and researchers, to stimulate mutual learning from the start and throughout the research projects. The programme proved feasible for groups with different research types and health conditions. It fulfils an unmet need for researchers, patients and funders. Plain English summary: Patient involvement is most common at the start of a research project. Despite good intentions, maintaining meaningful collaborations throughout the research process doesn't seem easy. Several training programmes for researchers and patients have been developed to stimulate continuous involvement. These are mostly one-time training sessions, for researchers and patients separately. We suggest side-by-side training should allow patient representatives and researchers to learn from each other throughout the research project to stimulate mutual learning. We developed a 2–3 year group training and peer-group support programme for pairs of researchers and patient representatives working together on a research project. The main goal was mutual learning and maintaining the collaboration impactful throughout the research projects. The character of the meetings was intended to evolve from training into peer-group coaching. Thus far, the programme has been applied in 5 groups of 4–5 pairs each. From the start, the pairs were instructed to discuss roles, expectations and responsibilities to prevent misunderstandings. Most pairs found their form of collaboration throughout the programme. Differences between pairs proved to be very useful for discussion and mutual learning. At the end of the programme, the participants were able to reflect on patient involvement in research on an equal basis. The programme was suitable for groups with different research types and health conditions. The programme fulfilled an unmet need for researchers, patient representatives and funders. The programme was found to be feasible and the experiences to date are positive and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does the dynamic of sibling relations affect researching and dissemination of research findings? How can we best capture the unfolding of this dimension in researching? We discuss these questions via the description of a community event where the siblings were directly implicated and an "emotional episode" arose leading to humor in one sense but also stress on the other as the younger sibling struggled to intervene and interrupt his older brother's presentation. We discuss and analyze this "key emotional episode" by placing it in the cultural upbringing of the siblings involved in the study as well as co-authors' reactions to the same episode. We conclude by stating the necessity to know your audience and the approach most conducive to fit the culture of community engagement. Further, we argue that in this time when so much emphasis is placed on team research, we know so much about the academic credentials and skills of our project team members, but little about their personal upbringing and how this can influence relationships and interpretations of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Aims and Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Loss to follow‐up of participants can compromise the statistical validity of randomised trials. Moreover, it can have financial consequences for trial teams and funders. This study explores the Occupational Therapist Intervention Study (OTIS) where, despite a withdrawal rate of less than 10%, the trial team incurred opportunity costs related to participants who were initially recruited but subsequently decided to withdraw from the trial.To estimate the cost of participant losses to follow‐up in the OTIS trial and thus introduce a costing framework to research teams on how they could estimate the opportunity costs of participant withdrawal from their randomised trials.The participants lost to follow‐up are differentiated by (1) the time point at which they were lost to follow‐up; (2) the treatment group they were allocated to; (3) their response patters to follow‐up questionnaires; these elements were considered to identify the relevant types of attrition. Protocol‐driven costs of trial materials, including administration, print, and shipping, were gathered. We calculated unit costs for each type of attrition by multiplying protocol‐driven and intervention costs with the relevant number of participants. Summing up unit costs by type of loss to follow‐up yields aggregate figures, enabling the estimation of aggregate and average opportunity costs of attrition.The average cost per participant loss to follow‐up in the OTIS trial is £98.41. The aggregate cost of participant loss to follow‐up is £10,234.90 from the economic perspective of the trial team. Therefore, 1.42% of the allocated funding has been misallocated because of participant loss to follow‐up.Despite the low attrition rate of the OTIS trial, loss to follow‐up has still generated considerable opportunity costs. It is recommended that decision makers focus on identifying strategies which could improve participant retention in randomised trials to optimise their budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various healthcare domains have witnessed successful preliminary implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, including radiology, though limited generalizability hinders their widespread adoption. Currently, most research groups and industry have limited access to the data needed for external validation studies. The creation and accessibility of benchmark datasets to validate such solutions represents a critical step towards generalizability, for which an array of aspects ranging from preprocessing to regulatory issues and biostatistical principles come into play. In this article, the authors provide recommendations for the creation of benchmark datasets in radiology, explain current limitations in this realm, and explore potential new approaches. Clinical relevance statement: Benchmark datasets, facilitating validation of AI software performance can contribute to the adoption of AI in clinical practice. Key Points: Benchmark datasets are essential for the validation of AI software performance. Factors like image quality and representativeness of cases should be considered. Benchmark datasets can help adoption by increasing the trustworthiness and robustness of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many developmental biologists seldom leave the lab for research, relying instead on establishing colonies of traditional and emerging model systems. However, to fully understand the mechanisms and principles of development and evolution, including the role of ecology and the environment, it is important to study a diverse range of organisms in context. In this Perspective, we hear from five research teams from around the world about the importance and challenges of going into the field to study their organisms of interest. We also invite you to share your own fieldwork stories on the Node. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is diagnosed in more than 71,000 patients each year in the United States, with nearly 16,000 associated deaths. One significant hurdle in the treatment of HNSCC is acquired and intrinsic resistance to existing therapeutic agents. Over the past several decades, the University of Wisconsin has formed a multidisciplinary team to move basic scientific discovery along the translational spectrum to impact the lives of HNSCC patients. In this review, we outline key discoveries made throughout the years at the University of Wisconsin to deepen our understanding of therapeutic resistance in HNSCC and how a strong, interdisciplinary team can make significant advances toward improving the lives of these patients by combatting resistance to established therapeutic modalities. We are profoundly grateful to the many scientific teams worldwide whose groundbreaking discoveries, alongside evolving clinical paradigms in head and neck oncology, have been instrumental in making our work possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence-based chemical sensors have garnered significant attention due to their rapid response, high sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and ease of operation. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively utilized as platforms for constructing fluorescence sensors, owing to their ultra-high porosity, flexible tunability, and excellent luminescent properties. This feature article summarizes the progress made mainly by our research group in recent years in the construction strategies, principles, and types of MOF sensors, as well as their applications in quantitative sensing, qualitative identification analysis, and multimodal/multifunctional analysis. In addition, the challenges and an outlook on the future progression of MOF-based sensors are discussed, highlighting how these studies can contribute to addressing these issues. Hopefully, this feature article can provide some valuable guidance for the construction and application of MOFs in fluorescence sensing, thereby broadening their practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Our research group has focused on the long‐term performance degradation of micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) devices under mechanical, thermal, and electrical stresses. We previously used physics‐based models for performance prediction, but the diverse materials, structures, and environmental conditions of MEMS devices affect their long‐term stability. Traditional physics‐based models struggle to account for these factors, limiting practical application. To address this, we employ data‐driven methods to include more variables. This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining physical principles with data‐driven techniques, specifically physics‐informed neural networks (PINN), to model and analyze performance degradation in MEMS resonators. We compare this method with previous physics‐based and data‐driven approaches (support vector machine and random forest) under identical conditions. The hybrid method not only provides accurate predictions but also considers more operating conditions, enhancing practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The uptake of research findings into clinical practice is critical to providing health care that improves health outcomes for patients. This study explored how Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) awardees perceive the relationship between engagement of patients and other partners in research and three uses, or applications, of patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) study findings, which may lead to uptake in clinical practice: (1) Integration into clinical practice guidelines, recognized point-of-care decision tools, or documents that may inform policy; (2) Implementation beyond the study, including at sites outside of the study setting or patient populations; and (3) Active dissemination of findings to specific audiences by parties external to the study team. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study examined awardee and partner perceptions of what led to each use of study findings and how engaged partners contributed. We purposively selected PCORI-funded research projects with documentation of each use and conducted virtual interviews with 42 individuals (15 PIs or project leads, 2 research team members, and 25 partners) from 17 projects. We conducted thematic analysis of individual projects or project sets, across projects within each use case, and across the three uses. Results: Participants described three primary activities in which engaged partners made contributions before, during and after CER studies that facilitated the use of study findings: (1) generating relevant study findings, (2) distributing study findings strategically, and (3) making connections to people or organizations outside the study team. In addition, engagement continued to facilitate the use of study findings during subsequent PCORI-funded implementation and dissemination-specific projects, with partners adapting interventions and creating and tailoring dissemination messages and products. Finally, participants described attributes of teams' engagement approaches that may have supported partner contributions, including early and ongoing engagement, leveraging partners' connections and understanding of community needs, and using multiple engagement approaches. Conclusion: This study identified examples of how engagement can help facilitate the use of CER study findings, especially when engagement contributions occur in meaningful ways. Findings from this study suggest a framework for future research on the relationship between engagement in research and uptake of study findings into clinical practice. Plain English summary: This study looked at how PCORI awardees describe the relationship between engagement in research and three uses of study findings: (1) Citing findings in clinical practice guidelines or other documents that support health policy; (2) Putting findings into practice after the study; and (3) Sharing findings with specific audiences by people not on the study team. We selected PCORI-funded research projects that had signs of each use. Then, we interviewed 42 people, including 15 lead investigators or project leads, 2 research team members, and 25 partners. We summarized findings for each project and then across the three uses. Partners helped move forward each of the three uses of study findings. They helped to plan and conduct the studies, making findings relevant. Partners also helped to plan and then share study findings. They made connections to people and organizations for the use of study findings. In addition, partners helped to put findings into practice after the study and tailored and shared findings in their communities. Finally, the way project teams engaged partners may have supported partner contributions. Project teams had early and ongoing engagement in their study. Partners shared their understanding of community needs and used their connections to share findings. Also, projects often had more than one way to work with partners. Findings from this study highlight ways engagement in research can contribute to use and potentially uptake of study findings in clinical practice. The study also suggests topics for future research on how engagement affects the use of findings. Manuscript Text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of rapid qualitative methods has increased substantially over the past decade in quality improvement and health services research. These methods have gained traction in implementation research and practice, wherein real-time adjustments are often made to optimize processes and outcomes. This brisk increase begs the questions: what does rigor entail in projects that use rapid qualitative analysis (RQA)? How do we define a pragmatic framework to help research teams design and conduct rigorous and valid rapid qualitative projects? How can authors articulate rigor in their methods descriptions? Lastly, how can reviewers evaluate the rigor of rapid qualitative projects?. Methods: A team of seven interdisciplinary qualitative methods experts developed a framework for ensuring rigor and validity in RQA and methods suitable for this analytic approach. We conducted a qualitative evidence synthesis to identify gaps in the literature and then drew upon literature, standard procedures within our teams, and a repository of rapid qualitative training materials to create a planning and reporting framework. We iteratively refined this framework through 11 group working meetings (60-90 minutes each) over the course of one year and invited feedback on items to ensure their completeness, clarity, and comprehensibility. Results: The Planning for and Assessing Rigor in Rapid Qualitative Analysis (PARRQA) framework is organized progressively across phases from design to dissemination, as follows: 1) rigorous design (rationale and staffing), 2) semi-structured data collection (pilot and planning), 3) RQA: summary template development (accuracy and calibration), 4) RQA: matrix analysis (matrices), and 5) rapid qualitative data synthesis. Eighteen recommendations across these sections specify best practices for rigor and validity. Conclusions: Rapid qualitative methods play a central role in implementation evaluations, with the potential to yield prompt information and insights about context, processes, and relationships. However, guidance on how to assess rigor is nascent. The PARRQA framework enhances the literature by offering criteria to ensure appropriate planning for and assessment of rigor in projects that involve RQA. This framework provides a consensus-based resource to support high-level qualitative methodological rigor in implementation science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The University of California's Diabetes Prevention Program (UC DPP) Initiative was implemented systemwide to address diabetes and obesity risk on all 10 campuses. As little is known about implementing lifestyle change programs in university settings, we examined implementation partners' (i.e., UC DPP leaders and campus leads) perceptions of factors influencing program success on UC campuses. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with UC DPP leaders and campus leads to examine challenges and opportunities with university-based DPP delivery models. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and reviewed in detail by the research team. Transcripts were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis (RQA). The study was approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. All implementation partners provided verbal informed consent. Results: Twenty-six implementation partners (8 UC DPP leaders and 18 campus leads) completed interviews in 2021. Seven themes were identified as critical for implementation, including (1) marketing and recruitment (i.e., market and recruit broadly through established channels as well as target at-risk populations); (2) enrollment (i.e., offer the program during convenient times and let participants know what to expect); (3) use an adaptable, evidence-based program; (4) secure funding for the program, participants, lifestyle coaches, and space; (5) hire experienced and dedicated staff and lifestyle coaches; (6) ensure leadership support; and (7) utilize campus linkages and resources. Perceptions of challenges faced with respect to these themes are also described. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to examine the challenges and opportunities of delivering an intensive lifestyle change program across 10 university sites. Understanding factors that enhance success of university-based diabetes prevention programs can facilitate UC DPP efforts and help inform delivery strategies of health and wellness programs across other university settings more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study presents a critical reflexive account of my research journey within a large-scale and long-lasting participatory project aimed at siting, developing and building a repository for low and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) in Belgium. While at the start of my employment I fostered ambitions to address several democratic deficits that our research team had identified in the participatory process and which had been brought to the fore by my predecessors over the years, this optimistic aim soon collided with the reality of top-down-oriented public participation in an institutionalised context. I draw on personal notes to elaborate on my evolution as a researcher with participatory, democratising and transformative aspirations. Several grounding principles of the ‘action research family’ provided me with a reflexive lens to engage in, analyse and comprehend the participatory process within the cAt-project, as well as to grasp the broader context of the project and to reflect on my own research practice. More importantly, in this article, the first-person perspective offers a critical lens through which to reflect on the democratising aspirations of action research and on the challenges researchers face in putting these aspirations into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Academic Grit Scale (AGS) is a tool to measure academic grit (passion and perseverance). "Grit" is an indicator of the level of schoolchildren's engagement and persistence in activities. In this article, we present the results of work based on the Polish version of the AGS. We conducted the research on a nationwide group of 835 Polish students aged 16 to 19. The results confirmed the AGS's reliability and the one-factor structure of measured academic grit. The AGS's criterion validity was reflected in the results of correlations with locus of control, self-efficacy, and procrastination. The robustness of the results obtained with the Polish version of the AGS was confirmed through deferred measurement. The Polish version of the AGS is a valid, reliable tool that can be successfully used in research to measure grit in a group of adolescent students as it pertains to education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific datasets play a crucial role in contemporary data-driven research, as they allow for the progress of science by facilitating the discovery of new patterns and phenomena. This mounting demand for empirical research raises important questions on how strategic data utilization in research projects can stimulate scientific advancement. In this study, we examine the hypothesis inspired by the recombination theory, which suggests that innovative combinations of existing knowledge, including the use of unusual combinations of datasets, can lead to high-impact discoveries. Focusing on social science, we investigate the scientific outcomes of such atypical data combinations in more than 30,000 publications that leverage over 5,000 datasets curated within one of the largest social science databases, Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. This study offers four important insights. First, combining datasets, particularly those infrequently paired, significantly contributes to both scientific and broader impacts (e.g., dissemination to the general public). Second, infrequently paired datasets maintain a strong association with citation even after controlling for the atypicality of dataset topics. In contrast, the atypicality of dataset topics has a much smaller positive impact on citation counts. Third, smaller and less experienced research teams tend to use atypical combinations of datasets in research more frequently than their larger and more experienced counterparts. Last, despite the benefits of data combination, papers that amalgamate data remain infrequent. This finding suggests that the unconventional combination of datasets is an underutilized but powerful strategy correlated with the scientific impact and broader dissemination of scientific discoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous reviews of experience-based codesign (EBCD) projects have shown non-participant observations (NPOs) are omitted or unreported in the majority of studies, despite academics' insistence of their value. We undertook Stage 1 of an EBCD project using a Case Study Research approach to organise the inquiry. NPOs were used as the first object (frame of analysis) of the case subject, exploring and understanding the experience of users and providers of ED care. 162 hours of NPOs were conducted by six research team members across three hospital Emergency Departments (EDs), representing a local nested case. The four principles of EBCD were used to guide the inquiry, providing rich understanding and description of the context, and valuable insights into critical issues. Summarised NPO narratives allowed the research team to familiarise themselves with the different physical environments, workflows, and processes, as well as think more deeply about work and interactions. Conducted within complex healthcare settings, this example demonstrates the value of observing Work-As-Done and has advanced knowledge of institutional logic that will be critical in considering realistic and sustainable change initiatives. Commitment to intentional design and well-reported research methods for exploring and understanding lived experience can satisfy academic audiences of the study integrity and provide comprehensive information for those undertaking accelerated EBCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The current models for conducting clinical trials involve a multidisciplinary research team working collectively to deliver patient care. The investigational drug service (IDS) plays a central role in effectively conducting clinical trials involving investigational drugs. Traditional IDS pharmacists' responsibilities, as defined by the authors, may include medication management, site initiation visits, and the development of procedures that detail the IDS workflow. Nontraditional activities include patient counseling, providing supportive-care management, investigational drug and standard-of-care dose modifications, medication adherence assessments, and other clinical tasks. OBJECTIVE: To define the value of nontraditional IDS pharmacy practice through the evaluation of traditional and nontraditional IDS pharmacy metrics to expand the pharmacy IDS practice. METHODS: This multisite residency project was a retrospective data review conducted every October and November from 2018 to 2021 at a regional cancer center and its health system network locations. The data were collected for patients who were screened or enrolled in a clinical trial and received research-related services or investigational drugs. Throughout the study, a variety of IDS-related metrics were tracked longitudinally. The pharmacists' interventions were categorized as drug-drug interaction reviews, investigational drug counseling, dose modification/adverse event management, and miscellaneous interventions. RESULTS: Overall, there was an approximately 45% increase in the total number of studies open during the 4-year study duration. During the evaluated time period, the number of studies with the highest complexity level also increased, by 125%. Despite an increase in the number of open studies, the total number of dispensations decreased during the study period from 58 in 2018 to 42 in 2021, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the implementation of standardized tracking for pharmacy interventions, a baseline for nontraditional IDS pharmacy activities was established at the institution. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, nontraditional IDS activities provide a unique opportunity for the expansion of the IDS pharmacy staff's responsibilities beyond their traditional roles. Nontraditional IDS activities also provide potential opportunities for multidisciplinary clinical team integration and increased opportunities for direct patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technique of performing interferometry with two optical frequency combs is used by an increasing number of research groups and even for field deployed commercial applications. Real-time interferogram acquisition, correction, and averaging are, however, still not broadly accessible. This limits the deployment and wider adoption of this high resolution, high sensitivity technique. We herein introduce and describe a freely available correction software performing real-time processing on a graphics processing unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To intuitively and systematically grasp the development status and trend of safety evaluation research in China's coal mining operations, we consulted relevant literature in the fields of "coal mine" and "safety evaluation" collected by China Knowledge Network, and deployed CiteSpace V software to summarize and analyze research pertaining to safety evaluation in China's coal mines from three aspects: research institutions, authors, and hot keywords. With respect to research institutions, the results show that although many researchers have conducted in‐depth evaluations of coal mine safety, most of these studies were independent, and two‐way information exchange and cooperation between research institutions remains scarce. With respect to authors, most cooperation between authors has been limited to team members, and relatively stable research teams have been formed. However, most of these research teams are independent. With respect to hot keywords, the trends of coal mine safety evaluation studies exhibit continuous change, with an overall increase in richness. According to the frequency burst times of important keywords, "entropy weight method" and "mining with pressure" are expected to remain important keywords in future evaluations of coal mine safety in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As science becomes ever more collaborative, the mechanisms for working in large and more diverse groups become more necessary. In the present article, I explore the utility of within-group collaboration agreements on participant conduct toward other project participants, within-group data sharing, and authorship of published manuscripts for research groups. Such agreements can solidify the expectations of the interactions among collaborators, potential rewards, and a feeling of security for those involved in the projects. They could also lead to more productive and satisfying research, as well as improving the training of future scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the coevolution of coauthorship and citation networks and their influence on scientific metrics such as the h-index and journal impact factors. Using a preferential attachment mechanism, we developed a model that integrated these networks and validated it with data from the American Physical Society (APS). While the correlations between reference counts, paper lifetime, and team sizes with scientific impact metrics are well-known, our findings demonstrate how these relationships vary depending on specific model parameters. For instance, increasing reference counts or reducing paper lifetime significantly boosts both journal impact factors and h-indexes, while expanding team sizes without adding new authors can artificially inflate h-indexes. These results highlight potential vulnerabilities in commonly used metrics and emphasize the value of modeling and simulation for improving bibliometric evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ComEx3 community‐based extended maintenance pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to determine the optimal strategy for maintaining the benefits of exercise for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a process evaluation of this RCT to determine if the trial was implemented per protocol, and to explore the barriers and facilitators of the trial, and mechanisms of impact. Methods: This was a mixed methods study consisting of analysis of PR class records, study diaries and interviews of those involved in the trial. We developed a reporting framework from available literature and performed a content analysis. Results: Eleven of the 12 participants in the intervention group attended ≥70% of available classes before the trial was terminated due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Analysis of the study diaries found that adherence to the home exercise program was higher in the intervention than the control group. Analyses of interviews (n = 21) highlighted the complexity of standardising the processes across multiple sites, but revealed behaviour change amongst class physiotherapists who were able to conform with the required processes. Facilitators of participation included the desire to improve function and quality of life, while barriers included illnesses and lack of motivation. Mechanisms of impact included confidence in exercising and benefits from the education sessions. Conclusions: The ComEx3 RCT was implemented as planned largely due to commitment by the research team and the desire by patients to improve their quality of life by attending a PR program that they are familiar with. Successful implementation of PR RCTs requires good organisational skills, clear and consistent trial documentation, broad understanding of participant needs while being conscious of challenges experienced by people with COPD, and dedication by everyone involved in the RCT. So What?: This article shows the importance of running a process evaluation alongside an RCT. Although this RCT did not progress to completion, this process evaluation which was guided by a robust framework, will provide guidance for future interventions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaningful action and engagement are needed in a time of rapid planetary change and biodiversity loss. They cannot be achieved through scientific outputs alone, and scientists are increasingly recognizing the need to work with a diverse range of collaborators to communicate their research and engage society. We used a semi-structured survey of 34 previous artistic collaborators with our research group, the Adrift Lab, to collect information on their motivations, rewards, challenges, and lessons learned from a wide array of projects ranging from furniture and jewelry design to documentary filmmaking. Clear patterns emerged, including that participating in an art-science collaboration with Adrift Lab resulted in a greater sense of community, an ability and empowerment to make meaningful contributions to environmental issues, and inspiration for artists to shift the focus of their work, leading to additional, environmental-focused collaborations with other scientists. How artists discovered Adrift Lab's research and the reasons they chose to engage with our research was somewhat unexpected, with more traditional modes of outreach such as conference presentations and the Adrift Lab website having little influence. Instead, artists often selected Adrift Lab as a collaborator based on their perception that our group was approachable and readily shared ideas and knowledge. These results highlight the willingness of many artists to collaborate with scientists, the mutual benefits of these relationships, and advice for others looking for unique ways, small or large, to engage with new audiences. We conclude with our own recommendations for scientists who wish to collaborate with artists and our enthusiastic advice to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Accurate detection of wildlife, particularly small and hidden animals, is crucial for conservation efforts. Traditional image-based methods often struggle in complex environments. This study introduces a novel approach that combines image and text data to improve detection accuracy. By incorporating textual information about animal characteristics and leveraging a Concept Enhancement Module (CEM), our model can better understand and locate animals, even in challenging conditions. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in detection accuracy, achieving an average precision of 95.8% on a challenging wildlife dataset. Compared to existing multimodal target detection algorithms, this model achieved at least a 25% improvement in AP and excelled in detecting small targets of certain species, significantly surpassing existing multimodal target detection model benchmarks. This represents a substantial improvement compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. Our multimodal approach offers a promising solution for enhancing wildlife monitoring and conservation efforts. Accurate and efficient wildlife monitoring is essential for conservation efforts. Traditional image-based methods often struggle to detect small, occluded, or camouflaged animals due to the challenges posed by complex natural environments. To overcome these limitations, an innovative multimodal target detection framework is proposed in this study, which integrates textual information from an animal knowledge base as supplementary features to enhance detection performance. First, a concept enhancement module was developed, employing a cross-attention mechanism to fuse features based on the correlation between textual and image features, thereby obtaining enhanced image features. Secondly, a feature normalization module was developed, amplifying cosine similarity and introducing learnable parameters to continuously weight and transform image features, further enhancing their expressive power in the feature space. Rigorous experimental validation on a specialized dataset provided by the research team at Northwest A&F University demonstrates that our multimodal model achieved a 0.3% improvement in precision over single-modal methods. Compared to existing multimodal target detection algorithms, this model achieved at least a 25% improvement in AP and excelled in detecting small targets of certain species, significantly surpassing existing multimodal target detection model benchmarks. This study offers a multimodal target detection model integrating textual and image information for the conservation of rare and endangered wildlife, providing strong evidence and new perspectives for research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tackles the Garden of Forking Paths, as a challenge for replicability and reproducibility of ERP studies. Here, we applied a multiverse analysis to a sample ERP N400 dataset, donated by an independent research team. We analyzed this dataset using 14 pipelines selected to showcase the full range of methodological variability found in the N400 literature using systematic review approach. The selected pipelines were compared in depth by looking into statistical test outcomes, descriptive statistics, effect size, data quality, and statistical power. In this way we provide a worked example of how analytic flexibility can impact results in research fields with high dimensionality such as ERP, when analyzed using standard null‐hypothesis significance testing. Out of the methodological decisions that were varied, high‐pass filter cut‐off, artifact removal method, baseline duration, reference, measurement latency and locations, and amplitude measure (peak vs. mean) were all shown to affect at least some of the study outcome measures. Low‐pass filtering was the only step which did not notably influence any of these measures. This study shows that even some of the seemingly minor procedural deviations can influence the conclusions of an ERP study. We demonstrate the power of multiverse analysis in both identifying the most reliable effects in a given study, and for providing insights into consequences of methodological decisions. This study shows that most ERP preprocessing and analysis steps can affect study outcomes, and that even some of the seemingly minor procedural deviations can influence conclusions of an ERP study, and it demonstrates the power of the multiverse analysis approach in both identifying the most reliable effects and providing concrete insights into consequences of a given methodological decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdsourcing in science as collaborative online process through which non-professional and/or professional scientists incorporate a group of individuals of varying, diversity knowledge and skills, via an open call to the Internet and/or online platforms, to undertaking of a task in science, is an important strategy to support scientific research that has gained attention in academia and practitioners. While research efforts to date have focused on the benefits of crowdsourcing in science, its typology has yet to mature. Typologies are important in describing complex, multidisciplinary organisational forms such as crowdsourcing in science. The main purpose of this article is to identify and provide a typology of crowdsourcing in science. Based on the thematic analysis of publications collected in a systematic manner and focused group interviews, 12 types of crowdsourcing in science are identified. The proposed crowdsourcing in science typology matrix may be a starting point for future research and decision-making by practitioners regarding the choice of a specific type of crowdsourcing in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Legitimacy and trust are crucial for resilient health systems in fragmented conflict zones. This study evaluates the legitimacy of health systems in northwest Syria under different governance models. Methods: Using a deductive and inductive mixed-methods approach, the research team developed a framework with an index, 4 sub-indices and 18 indicators to assess the legitimacy of health systems using different governance models – top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid – in the context of the response to the earthquake that hit Syria in February 2023. The study includes surveys, workshops, stakeholder consultations, and an expert panel conducted in northwest Syria and online. Results: The findings indicate that bottom-up health governance model is perceived as the most legitimate, followed by the mixed model, while top-down model is perceived as the least legitimate. This preference is measured across all legitimacy source sub-indices, including legality, justification, consent and performance and across the overall Health System Legitimacy Index (HSLI). However, the hybrid governance approach showed limited superiority at two indicator levels regarding long-term health system response. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering the legitimacy of the health system in fragmented conflict zones. It helps explain the effectiveness of the bottom-up approach and community-based governance in enhancing trust, cooperative behaviour, health interventions and achieving sustainability. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of legitimate health systems in practising civic virtue and promoting social justice, thus contributing to peace-building efforts. These insights are crucial for policymakers and development donors to strengthen health systems in challenging contexts. Key messages: What is already known on this topic Health systems in fragmented conflict zones face significant challenges, including issues of governance, effectiveness and securing compliance. Studies have shown that health governance evaluations in these settings are often limited in scope, favouring simplified designs focusing on health governance principles and lacking comprehensive approaches. Studies focusing on health systems legitimacy are scarce, indicating a clear gap in existing research. What this study adds This study added a new dimension to health governance evaluation frameworks that goes beyond the principle dimensions to include legitimacy sources. In addition, the study created a framework to evaluate health systems' legitimacy and a Health System Legitimacy Index (HSLI), which is useful for fragmented conflict zones. How this study might affect research, practice or policy The research team develops a comprehensive framework for evaluating health governance in conflict areas that includes legitimacy as one of the key dimensions. This paper contributes directly to the building of that framework. Moreover, we argue that using our new approach to capture sources of trust and legitimacy reveals a more granular perspective that is required for optimising health interventions. It also reveals important variations between the different models of governance that could guide the design of the health systems in conflict zones so that they can generate cooperative behaviour required for enhancing efficiency and sustainability. In addition, policymakers, including development donors, can use this study to boost the ability of health systems in conflict areas to exercise civic virtue and enhance social justice and thus their ability to play a peace-generating role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-sensitivity acceleration sensors have been independently developed by our research group to detect vibrations that are > 10 dB smaller than those detected by conventional commercial sensors. This study is the first to measure high-frequency micro-vibrations in muscle fibers, termed micro-mechanomyogram (MMG) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) using a high-sensitivity acceleration sensor. We specifically measured the extensor pollicis brevis muscle at the base of the thumb in PwPD and healthy controls (HC) and detected not only low-frequency MMG (< 15 Hz) but also micro-MMG (≥ 15 Hz), which was preciously undetectable using commercial acceleration sensors. Analysis revealed remarkable differences in the frequency characteristics of micro-MMG between PwPD and HC. Specifically, during muscle power output, the low-frequency MMG energy was greater in PwPD than in HC, while the micro-MMG energy was smaller in PwPD compared to HC. These results suggest that micro-MMG detected by the high-sensitivity acceleration sensor provides crucial information for distinguishing between PwPD and HC. Moreover, a deep learning model trained on both low-frequency MMG and micro-MMG achieved a high accuracy (92.19%) in classifying PwPD and HC, demonstrating the potential for a diagnostic system for PwPD using micro-MMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]