Search

In this study, we utilized the ArcGIS Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) to study the relevant datasets of park green and residential subsidiary green spaces in Wuhan City, and at the same time, scraped residential area prices data in Wuhan using big data technology. The inverse distance weight spatial interpolation method is employed to analyze the spatial patterns of residential area prices. Distances from each residential area to park green spaces at different scales are calculated to investigate their impact on residential area prices. Three strategies are proposed: the tailored allocation of different types of park based on regional characteristics, the implementation of "quantity guarantee and quality improvement" measures to enhance the quality of residential green spaces, and the promotion of interaction between park green and residential green spaces. These strategies aim to particularly uplift housing prices in economically disadvantaged areas, ultimately achieving shared prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Geogrid stabilized and reinforced base layers with bound superstructure over soft subsoil with high swelling capacityTo quantify the stabilization and reinforcement effect of geogrids over soft, expansive clay subgrade, a full‐scale pavement field trial was established in 2018 in a rural residential area, south of Brisbane, Australia. Sections with variable geogrid arrangements were constructed to allow the quantitative assessment of geogrid benefit; both in terms of their initial contribution to composite in‐situ stiffness parameters and their benefit to the long‐term performance of the pavement. On site testing was completed within all trial sections during the project's construction phase, such that the initial state of performance the subgrade and each pavement layer was adequately characterized. The article describes the soil investigations, the construction of the test sections as well as performance monitoring results, three years after the road was opened to traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of electric vehicle (EV) in residential areas is growing rapidly, resulting in large‐scale charging of EVs connected to the distribution network. This poses a challenge to the safe and stable operation of the distribution network. In order to cope with this challenge, it is crucial to achieve accurate EV charging load prediction. However, current researches on EV charging load prediction suffer from insufficient data feature mining and lower prediction accuracy. To address this issue, this paper proposes a SE‐GRU‐MA residential EV charging load prediction method that incorporates multi‐source data feature mining. The proposed method employs a multi‐source data feature mining approach based on Pearson correlation analysis, which enhances the training efficiency and prediction accuracy of the prediction model. Additionally, this study develops a prediction model based on SE‐GRU‐MA hybrid network to achieve accurate EV charging load prediction. Simulation cases on actual history data validate that the proposed feature mining method can effectively promote prediction accuracy, and proposed SE‐GRU‐MA prediction model exhibits superior prediction capability in comparison to existing models. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Centralising prostate cancer surgical and radiotherapy services, requires some patients to travel longer to access treatment, but its impact on actual treatment utilisation and outcomes is unknown. Methods: Using national cancer registry records linked to administrative hospital data, we identified all patients with high risk and locally advanced prostate cancer diagnosed between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020 in the English National Health Service (n = 15,971). Estimated travel times from the patient residential areas to the nearest hospital providing surgery or radiotherapy were estimated for journeys by car and by public transport. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model relationships between travel time and receipt of care with adjustment for patient characteristics. Results: 10,693 (67%) men received radical surgery or radiotherapy (RT) within 12 months of diagnosis. Average travel time to the nearest hospital providing prostatectomy or RT was 23.2 min by private car and 58.2 min by public transport. We found no association between travel time, either by car or public transport and the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Patients living in the most socially deprived areas, those aged over 70, those with two or more comorbidities, and those of black ethnic origin, were less likely to receive curative treatment (p& =& 0.001 for all associations). Conclusions: The current configuration of national prostate cancer services is not associated with the likelihood of receiving curative treatment. Further increases in capacity will unlikely improve utilisation rates beyond addressing sociodemographic barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Neighborhood" is routinely used when referring to the history of residential areas in North American cities. In fact, it is unclear whether this has always been the preferred term, and how its meaning has changed. A survey of the English- and French-Canadian experience, including a case study of Toronto using digital newspaper files, indicates that in the early twentieth century other terms were common. "Neighborhood" referred primarily to poorer, immigrant districts. Especially since the 1960s, it has been much more commonly used and in a general sense. In that regard, its evolving meaning has converged with the francophone usage of quartier. It is only recently that local associations have dropped "ratepayer" from their names in favor of "residents" or, to a lesser extent, "neighborhood." This now disguises the fact that such associations are dominated by property owners. Getting the language right is important for a clear-eyed understanding of both the past and the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study fractionated pollution sources and investigated the impacts of seasonal and tidal variations on Saigon River's surface water quality. Ninety-six water samples were collected across dry and rainy seasons, covering ebb and flood tides, and analysed for 19 parameters. During the dry season, ebb tide showed higher levels of electrical conductivity, sulfate, chloride, sodium, and potassium. During the rainy season, ebb tide exhibited greater concentrations of ammonium, total nitrogen, and phosphorus. The water quality index was significantly lower during the dry season's ebb tide compared to the flood tide but remained similar in both tidal phases during the rainy season. Four primary pollution sources were quantified, with seawater intrusion and agricultural activities contributing 62.68% and 28.54%, respectively, to water quality degradation. Briefly, the river's surface water quality was inferior during the dry season compared to the rainy season, primarily due to seawater intrusion and agricultural activities, requiring remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent exploration of the Khaybar oasis by the Khaybar Longue Durée Archaeological Project (AFALULA-RCU-CNRS) has led to the discovery of an exceptional Bronze Age fortified site called al-Natah. For the first time in Northwestern Arabia, the characteristics of a third/second-millennium-BCE settlement can be assessed over a large area. Preliminary archaeological survey and soundings have revealed a fortified 2.6-hectares town built around 2400–2000 BCE which lasted until at least 1500 BCE and possibly 1300 BCE−but with possible interruptions−, functionally subdivided into a residential area, a probable decision-making zone and a necropolis. The nucleated dwellings were constructed following a standard plan and were connected by small streets. By comparison with neighboring oasis centers, we suggest that Northwestern Arabia during the Bronze Age−largely dominated by pastoral nomadic groups and already integrated into long-distance trade networks−was dotted with interconnected monumental walled oases centered around small fortified towns. And by comparison with the contemporary situation in the Southern Levant, we also envisage that the archaeological record bears witness to a 'low urbanization' (or 'slow urbanism'), indigenous to North Arabia, evidencing weak but increasing social complexity through the Early and Middle Bronze Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the resource utilization in different phases such as development and sales within China's real estate industry, this paper employs a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure the production efficiency of the real estate industry across 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China from 2014 to 2022. By examining both overall and phase-specific trends, the study utilizes a panel Tobit model to explore the factors affecting efficiency. Empirical results indicate that the leverage ratio of companies, per capita GDP of regions, and real estate regulatory policies significantly impact production efficiency. Further analysis of regional heterogeneity and its effect on production efficiency revealed that the per capita residential building area, which reflects the housing stock configuration in different regions, exhibits a significant single threshold effect. This not only objectively assesses the utilization of real estate resources in different areas but also delves deeper into the principal factors and their mechanisms affecting the production efficiency of the real estate industry, thus providing theoretical support and policy recommendations for effectively enhancing production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In megacities, road traffic is a major source of particulate matter (PM), requiring a critical understanding of effective air pollution control. Despite existing methods to determine PM emission factors (EFs) of vehicles, accurate estimation of PM emissions under real driving conditions remains challenging. We aimed to assess the EFs of organic aerosol (OA) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) from vehicles through on-road measurements in Seoul, Korea, to understand real-world PM emissions. We used a mobile laboratory equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer and an aethalometer to measure the composition of PM. On-road measurements were conducted in vehicle tunnels, urban roadways, and residential areas, and the characteristics of measurement points were compared and analyzed. Our results showed that concentrations of OA increased proportionally with the influence of vehicle exhaust, while oxidation states of the OA decreased. Mobile measurements revealed spatial heterogeneities in aerosols, highlighting distinct characteristics of fresh OA on vehicle roads and elevated oxidation state values in residential areas. Active nitrate formation near vehicles led to elevated NO3 concentrations on roads compared to residential areas. Our study shows that mobile PM measurements, including OA and eBC, are valuable for the direct evaluation of emission inventories. However, given that the calculated EFs may not be applicable to other cities due to differences in vehicle composition and traffic conditions, the development of city-specific EFs will be necessary in the future. Furthermore, it is recommended to integrate this methodology with conventional emission inventories to identify vehicle-type-specific emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates whether duration of working hours affect residents' preferences for the micro-features of Small Urban Green Spaces (SUGS), and explores differences across genders and visitation purposes. Little is known about this subject, yet it is crucial for creating more equitable green spaces. In phase 1, participants (n = 209; 30.9 ± 6.73 years, 59.3%male) were categorized by average daily working hours (0–8 h, 8–10 h, 10 h+), and rated 41 micro-feature images on their importance for visiting SUGS. Phase 2 included the top ten features ranked from phase 1, with participants (n = 256; 30.8 ± 5.12 years, 35.2% female) completing the Kano model survey to identify and explain the importance of features and different types of needs. Findings reveal a clear trend: extended work hours pivot resident preferences towards green space attributes promoting physical activity. For residents of 0–8 h valued aesthetic elements like sculptures and vegetation, while lighting became paramount for those with 8–10 h, and for those working over 10 h prioritized facilities for active engagement, such as playground equipment and slow runway. These distinctions provide valuable guidance for designing SUGS with diverse feature combinations that cater to the needs of residential areas with varying socio-economic backgrounds and occupational lifestyles, thereby enhancing urban livability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper coordinates archaeological information on the changing urban landscape of Egypt's first Islamic-era capital, Fustat, with topographical, social, and economic insights from the Geniza archive and other sources. A focus on the organization of the city's pottery industry provides new insights into the multiple "abandonments" and reoccupations familiar from historical sources, showing how diverse residential areas were turned to industrial use (and back) via adaptable transitional processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, optimization of the microgreen space distribution through multistage regulation is investigated, with the goal of alleviating the imbalance between the supply and demand of green resources in the central urban area of Shenyang. An optimized evaluation model of green space supply and demand is employed to calculate the green space accessibility index at a 100-m grid scale and identify different levels of green space resource supply and demand. Priority is given to supplementing resources for the elderly population by balancing the green space supply in vulnerable areas. Particle swarm—ant colony optimization (PS-ACO) is used to select microgreen space sites within each priority level. On the basis of the "important-urgent" quadrant analysis, S1-priority residential areas account for 8.12% of the grid, S2-priority areas account for 67.01%, and S3-priority areas account for 24.87%. The PS-ACO algorithm outputs potential microgreen space sites within each priority level to accurately regulate the green space distribution in residential areas with different supply pressures and limited land availability. A spatial correlation analysis of the new sites reveals good spatial dispersion within service units, effectively alleviating demand pressures, and good aggregation at a regional scale to address imbalances in the supply of green space in a targeted manner. Thus, the optimized results of the PS-ACO algorithm are effective, providing reliable site-selection references for subsequent urban microgreen space distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical hydrodynamic model was constructed for the segment of the Ural River from the Iriklinskoe Reservoir (inclusive) to a site 30 km downstream of the Sakmara River inflow; therefore, the total length of the model reach was >700 km. To reduce the time of model development and to accelerate the calibration and variant calculations, the segment was divided into three successive parts of the channel, interacting through consistent boundary conditions. The simulation is carried out with the use of a domestic high-accuracy software package STREAM 2D CUDA, taking into account abrupt changes in bottom elevation and multifractional soil composition. The model was calibrated for constant water discharges. Calculations were carried out for a spring flood with an exceedance probability of 1% and a breakthrough wave of the Iriklinskii Hydropower System under two scenarios. Maximal water levels, depths, and inundation zones were obtained. An effect of a many-time increase in the steepness of the leading front of the flood wave within the domain was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing population in Yucatan has led to the expansion of construction in the Mayan jungle for tourist spaces, residential areas, and agriculture. Recently, rabies cases in cats (Felis catus) have increased in the state. This study aimed to perform antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies viruses in felines and to present the spatial distribution and environmental features of the areas where these cases were reported. The ArcGIS software and R were employed to generate maps depicting the geographic locations of rabies cases in cats. A total of nine feline rabies cases occurred during the period 2003–2022. Three antigenic variants were detected: dog-related RVV1 (n = 1); vampire bat variant RVV3 (n = 1); and the canine-originated atypical variant (n = 7). Cases reported in Merida (n = 4) and Muna (n = 4) were localized to urban areas, while Cuncunul (n = 1) was rural. This study highlights the concerning resurgence of rabies infections in cats, emphasizing the looming threat of its reintroduction in dogs should vaccination rates diminish. The genetic affinity between the atypical variant and the canine virus underscores the urgent need for vigilance in maintaining high vaccination coverage across all susceptible species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The charging load of electric vehicles (EV) is one of the most rapidly increasing loads in current power distribution systems. It may cause distribution transformer/feeder overload without proper coordination or control, especially in residential area where household load and EV charging load are sharing transformer capacity. Existing smart meter-based orderly charging control (OCC) approaches commonly require costly but unreliable communication schemes to control EV charging behavior. In this work, a smart meter-based distributed controller is designed to establish a meter-to-EV communication interface with low cost and enhanced reliability, based on the state-of-the-art charging standard. An event-driven OCC algorithm is developed, and then, deployed in the data hub (concentrator) of the AMI with an easy-to-implement optimization formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated using a numerical case study and a practical field test in Hangzhou, China. Both results indicate promising advantages of the proposed OCC approach in reducing the peak load of emerging EV charging demand by more than 30 % . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AbstractThe risk management of landslide surges after water storage in large reservoirs is a major challenge in reservoir management. The water storage in the reservoir area of the Baihetan hydropower station on the Jinsha River brings the potential of Wangjiashan landslide activation. This paper proposes a mitigation measurement based on slope cutting for the Wangjiashan landslide and evaluates the feasibility and effectiveness of the management scheme through numerical simulation. Results indicate that when water storage is in a normal level, after an earthquake, the landslide will impact the Baihetan Reservoir with a maximum velocity of 8.52 m/s, generating waves with a maximum wave height of 15.63 m. By removing the upper part of the landslide, the volume of the landslide is reduced from 611×104m3 to 369×104m3, it will cut down the maximum wave height in the Xiangbiling residential area to 3.09 m, which significantly reduces the risk of landslide surge waves. It further establishes a disaster prevention and control plan for the landslide-induced wave disaster. Overall, this study provides important theoretical and practical references for the risk management of landslide surge waves and offers valuable insights for addressing similar issues in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mw 6.4 and 6.8 Guanshan-Chihshang earthquakes occurred on 17 and 18 September 2022 resulted in prominent surface ruptures within the Longitudinal Valley in eastern Taiwan, particularly along the Yuli fault. Approximately 18 h after the mainshock, we began to document the surface rupture near Yuli Town. Our result suggests the surface rupture formed a confined single left-lateral trace in the town of Yuli, characterized by a series of en échelon right-stepping left-lateral faulting geometry. The rupture of 2022 roughly matches the locations of 1951 surface ruptures inside Yuli Town, with a similar amount of left-lateral cross-fault displacement. North and South of the Yuli residential area, we identified several sections of the surface rupture distributed in the water-saturated paddy fields. The maximum left-lateral displacement recorded across the rupture can reach 1.4 m just south of Yuli, with the fault scarp resembling a high-angle west-dipping fault geometry. In addition to the co-seismic surface ruptures, our repeating cross-fault measurements show significant post-seismic shallow after-slip along the Yuli fault. The amount of post-seismic deformation within 3 months after the mainshock is close to, or even higher than the co-seismic cross-fault displacement, consistent with local witness accounts and post-event field photos which showed continuous damage and displacement of building floors and roads after the earthquake. Such shallow post-seismic slips were also observed along the main fault trace in the 2014 South Napa earthquake, and likely represent the shallow elastoplastic behavior of the sub-vertical fault in the young alluvial sediments. Key points: We documented surface ruptures and cross-fault displacements in the vicinity of Yuli after the 2022 Guanshan-Chihshang earthquakes. The surface ruptures in Yuli showed clear left-lateral displacements along the previously mapped Yuli fault that ruptured in November 1951. Rapid and persisted after-slip was observed along this section of the Yuli fault trace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor environments, considered sanctuaries from external pollutants, are increasingly recognized as reservoirs for microplastics (MP). This research employed a comprehensive approach, combining dust sampling from diverse indoor spaces, density separation method, and microscopic observation to quantify and characterize microplastic particles. This is the first initial study worldwide that incorporated MP identification in indoor dust from different indoor environments along with factor analysis, health, and ecological risk assessment. The average MP concentration in the indoor environment was 4333.18 ± 353.85 MP/g. The MP distribution pattern was in institutional areas < residential areas < industrial areas < and commercial areas. Black color, fiber, <0.5 mm size was the dominant color, morphology, and size, respectively, among the detected MP from the studied samples. In addition, the polymer types of the MP were detected by Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and ten types of polymers were detected while PET was in high abundance. Population number, architectural features of habitat, human activities, urban topography, and particle residence time were determined as responsible factors for MP abundance in indoor areas. The estimated daily intake (EDI) value via ingestion was higher than the inhalation of MP. Infants are highly susceptible to MP exposures. According to Polymer Hazard Index (PLI) and Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) values, the exposure risk was in the minor and extreme risk categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixteen PAHs in ambient air samples collected from residential and roadside areas in the Hanoi metropolitan were investigated. Total PAH concentrations in the ambient air samples ranged from 45.0 to 451 ng/m3. Among PAHs, phenanthrene was found at the most abundant and highest levels. The distributions of PAHs in the ambient air collected in the dry season were on average 26% higher than in the wet season. The PAH concentrations in the air samples collected from the traffic areas were significantly higher (about 2.7 times) than those in the residential areas, indicating that these chemicals originated from motor vehicles. According to vertical, the PAH concentrations found in the ambient air samples collected from the ground floor were significantly higher than on the upper level, however, there was not much difference when going higher (from 24 m (8th floor) to 111 m (37th floor)). The human exposure doses were estimated for two age groups (adults and children) based on the measured PAH concentrations, the inhalation rates, and body weights. The estimated exposure doses to PAHs through inhalation for adults/children were 1.13/2.86 (ng/kg-bw/d) (residential areas) and 3.24/8.18 (ng/kg-bw/d) (traffic areas), respectively. The average lifetime excess cancer risk (ECR) from inhalation exposure to PAHs was 3.0 × 10–4 at the traffic areas and 1.4 × 10–4 at the residential areas. These estimated exposure doses were above the acceptable level of the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (1*10–6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kotagede, the capital of the ancient Mataram Kingdom and currently an area in the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, is known as a 'real living museum'. It was previously a residential area with many vital premises and heritage buildings that became a tourist area. Its locally established activities enrich the visual and sound environment of the vicinity. However, it has gradually lost its distinguishing sounds. A series of studies aims to improve the possibility of restoring past soundmarks to preserve the intangible heritage and make living museums as rich as possible. This paper reports the initial stage of the series, which focuses on capturing the rich historical sounds of Kotagede. The study was carefully designed to collect comprehensive data on heritage sounds using qualitative methods consisting of an initial focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, and a final FGD. These methods resulted in a large amount of data that were processed and classified using the descriptive phenomenology approach with the Colaizzi protocol. The study found that Kotagede has various soundmarks grouped into local and outside sounds. The locally rooted sounds can be grouped into eight categories, some of which can be extended as past and present sounds and a few that have persisted from the past to the present. In the subsequent stage, this classification and local leaders' concerns helped the researchers select and prioritise sounds for preservation and tourism purposes. The study emphasises the importance of choosing suitable participants to provide detailed and comprehensive information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the influencing factors of spatial and temporal evolution of production-living-ecological space in Beijing Tianjin sandstorm source area, the remote sensing images, natural environment and socio-economic data of Duolun County in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2020 were selected, and the spatial auto-correlation model and principal component analysis model were used to analyze the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of production-living-ecological space. The results show that: (1) the function of production space decreases slightly, and the degree of spatial agglomeration decreases; (2) The function of living space rose slightly, and its spatial agglomeration degree showed an upward trend; (3) The ecological spatial function showed a slow upward trend, and its spatial agglomeration degree increased; (4) The spatial pattern of production-living-ecological space is characterized by "high in the southwest and low in the northeast"; (5) Precipitation has the greatest impact on the spatial evolution of the production-living-ecological space. The distance from the main residential areas, per capita GDP, the distance from the main roads and the distance from the main waters have strong explanatory power on the spatial evolution of the production-living-ecological space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into using an artificial neural network (ANN) to forecast blast-induced ground vibration, vital for controlling the impact of blasting on nearby residential areas. By leveraging data from Singareni mines, the ANN model incorporates various input parameters to predict ground vibration intensity (peak particle velocity). With a dataset of 150 entries and sensitivity analysis, the ANN demonstrates a robust regression coefficient of 0.92, signifying its predictive strength. Comparative analysis favors the ANN model, showcasing its potential in mitigating adverse effects on residential zones, marking a significant stride in managing blast-induced ground vibration prediction using ANN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the requirements of refined urban governance strategy, not only the construction of physical space security defense system, but also fully creating residents' sense for daily life security should be emphasized in urban security research, so as to improve the quality of the city and enhance its attractiveness. Firstly, this research fully considers the interaction among residents' activities, natural disasters, social risks and the built environment, and then constructs the urban security sense mechanism model. Secondly, the indicator system of urban security sense is established from three dimensions of personal sense, built environment and behavioral activities. Furthermore, it uses multi-source big data to synthetically measure residents' security sense, taking the main urban area of Nanjing as an example. Finally, this research evaluates the security sense in Nanjing City, explores its spatial distribution pattern, and puts forward the corresponding spatial optimization path. The results show that: the spatial pattern of residents' security sense in Nanjing City is wholly 'higher in the center and lower in the north & south, with obvious group distribution', although there are some differences in the three dimensions. The security sense is higher in the important business districts and their surrounding residential areas developed early, and it is lower in the developing new towns and the industrial supporting residential areas. Many optimization strategies can promote the security level of the low-security sense areas, including function implantation, transportation system design, public service facility layout, environmental feature restoration, community space design, planning policy guidance, organization system design and smart management platform construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the current state of the theory and practice of bioenergy production from waste allowed us to identify the scientific and applied problem of substantiating the rational configuration of a modular anaerobic bioenergy system, taking into account the volume of organic waste generated in settlements. To solve this problem, this paper develops an approach and an algorithm for matching the configuration of a modular anaerobic bioenergy production system with the amount of organic waste generated in residential areas. Unlike the existing tools, this takes into account the peculiarities of residential areas, which is the basis for accurate forecasting of organic waste generation and, accordingly, determining the configuration of the bioenergy production system. In addition, for each of the scenarios, the anaerobic digestion process is modeled, which allows us to determine the functional indicators that underlie the determination of a rational configuration in terms of cost and environmental performance. Based on the use of the developed tools for the production conditions of the Golosko residential area, Lviv (Ukraine), possible scenarios for the installation of modular anaerobic bioenergy production systems are substantiated. It was found that the greatest annual benefits are obtained from the processing of mixed food and yard waste. The payback period of investments in modular anaerobic bioenergy production systems for given conditions of a residential area largely depends on their configuration and ranges from 3.3 to 8.4 years, which differ from each other by 2.5 times. This indicates that the developed toolkit is of practical value, as it allows the coordination of the rational configuration of modular anaerobic bioenergy production systems with real production conditions. In the future, it is recommended to use the proposed decision support system to model the use of biomass as an energy resource in residential areas, which ensures the determination of the rational configuration of a modular anaerobic bioenergy production system for given conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Cats are a common sight across Australia, freely roaming not only through urban areas but also within natural habitats, including protected areas like national parks. This unrestricted movement raises concerns due to potential impacts on native wildlife populations. North Head, Manly, located in New South Wales, serves as a prime example, boasting a rich biodiversity that includes endangered populations of Long-nosed Bandicoots and Little Penguins. Recent observations by wildlife officers within Sydney Harbour National Park and the North Head Sanctuary highlighted the presence of cats, prompting a deeper investigation into their spatial and temporal distribution. Cameras were installed across the headland over a five-week period to capture cat and native fauna activity. Cats were frequently observed at the interface with the urban area of Manly. Moreover, cat activity primarily occurred during the night, coinciding with periods of heightened native mammal activity. These findings underscore the potential for direct and indirect interactions between cats and native wildlife within the headland, with implications for species conservation efforts. This study emphasises the importance of implementing proactive management strategies to mitigate the potential impact of feline predation on local biodiversity while also highlighting the need for further research in this area. Cats (Felis catus) are widespread across Australia, including within natural and protected areas, and in many areas, cats, including owned domestic cats, are not restricted in where or when they can roam. In Australia, cats have contributed to the decline of many native species and continue to be a problem for governments. North Head, Manly, is home to an endangered population of Long-nosed Bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) and the only mainland breeding colony of Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) in New South Wales (NSW). Camera traps were installed for a 5-week period across North Head to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of cat activity. As well as capturing instances of cats, the cameras detected native animals such as birds, possums, Long-nosed Bandicoots and other small mammals. An analysis of the camera images showed cats could be found within protected areas of the headland (where cats are prohibited) and along the boundary with the adjacent suburban area of Manly. Cats were mostly detected during the night. There were high occurrences of overlap between cats and Long-nosed Bandicoots (Dhat 0.82), possums (Dhat 0.88) and other small mammals (Dhat 0.67). These findings indicate that cats are active across the Manly headland at the same time as native animals, both within protected areas where cats are prohibited and in adjacent residential areas, and this could have implications for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores cohesion levels within Istanbul's internal migrant groups, focusing on formal solidarity networks and Hometown Associations (HTAs). It examines disparities in organizational density within formal associations among these groups and identifies the underlying factors that contribute to the varying degrees of cohesion. The findings highlight a contiguous region at the intersection of the Black Sea's hinterland and Eastern Anatolia, where migrants in Istanbul exhibit higher levels of solidarity through organizational density. HTAs originating from villages tend to concentrate in peripheral settlements, while city and district associations are prevalent in central residential areas. This research adds to the understanding of internal migration and solidarity networks, offering a data-driven basis for further studies. It presents an innovative metric for quantifying the bonds within migrant groups, crucial for evaluating their social capital. This metric serves as a foundation, encouraging a broader research agenda to deepen insights into migrant social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Planlama is the property of TMMOB Sehir Plancilari Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study first examines changes in the amount of residential area on a regional scale, which is said to shrink following population decline, using Japan as an example, where population decline is already underway in most of the country. Second, it examines how the regional governments have set future targets for residential areas and whether these targets are consistent with the current trend. Third, it examines how prefectures, Japan's regional governments, are responding to this situation through regional land use planning. The methodologies of the paper are a combination of collecting and sorting out the related data, reviewing and extracting information from planning documents, and conducting interviews with persons in charge. In conclusion, residential areas have continued to increase on a regional scale, even as the population has declined. Shrinkage does not follow population decline on a regional scale. It was also found that the amount of residential area changed more closely with the change in households than with the population. National and regional land use plans generally set targets for more shrinkage than the actual trend. The underestimation of the amount of residential area was due to the rapid decline in the number of persons per household. Cases of the three prefectures showed that specific control is left to the individual acts, while the measures are indicated in the wording by the prefectural land use plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Science capital consists of science-related cultural and social capital and science-related behaviours and practices. This study aims to clarify the core dimensions of science capital among Finnish parents through consideration of how parents' educational degree, profession, age and residential area are associated with their science capital. To test this, a survey was conducted with a sample of 740 parents in Finland aged 26 to 69 years. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the science capital dimensions and confirmatory factor analysis supported the final seven-factor model. Differences in parents' responses, including by sociodemographic background, were measured using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The core dimension of cultural capital focuses on the valuing of science in society. Behaviour and practices consist of everyday and informal learning in community spaces, and social capital is strongly linked to future affinity and science identity. Parents' residential areas and educational degrees seem to have the largest effects on different dimensions. However, a parent's level of education, profession or residential area do not seem to affect their engagement in everyday science activities with their children. These results provide support to discuss inequalities among families, and ways to increase family science capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil is the property of Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With a primary focus on sunlight and building shadows, we studied the impact of residential building orientation angles, building heights, and area combinations, as well as the underlying surface materials, on the outdoor thermal environment in Changsha, a city located north of the Tropic of Cancer. On the basis of Changsha's regulations, the research results indicate that building orientation angles of 15–45° and 315–345° can generate more building-shadow areas and have a better effect on improving the outdoor thermal environment. Based on the study of many common residential block building layouts in Changsha, we believe that, for point-pattern residential blocks, an increase in building lengths can be very effective for increasing building-shadow areas and thermal comfort. For row-pattern residential blocks, an increase in building heights can be regarded as more effective for increasing building-shadow areas and reducing air temperatures. Shadow areas formed on impervious surface material areas, such as concrete pavements, reduce the air temperature more than shadow areas formed on natural surfaces, such as grasslands. For the planning and regeneration of residential areas, urban planners should focus on placing more green spaces in areas which are seldom or never covered by building shadows; they should also focus on installing more impervious surfaces in areas covered by building shadows. These strategies are beneficial for making full use of building shadows to reduce air temperatures in residential areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy community assessment standards significantly influence community design and planning and are an important measure of a community's ability to support health and well-being. Previous studies have mostly focused on built-environment indicators. However, building a healthy community is a complex issue involving multiple dimensions and factors. The consideration of the full range of health promotion factors is the key to determining their potential impact on individuals' health. It is necessary to consider multiple perspectives to deepen the understanding of community health influences and enhance the effectiveness of the implementation of the assessment standards. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a critical framework for understanding the multiple influences on individual health. In this study, a two-dimensional interdisciplinary analytical framework of "socio-ecological factors–development goals" is developed by integrating development goals that summarize building considerations in assessment standards. Contextual analysis is used to examine the provisions of the following assessment standards: Assessment Standard for Healthy Community (ASHC), Assessment Standard for Healthy Retrofitting of Existing Residential Area (ASHRERA), WELL Community Standard (WELL), and Fitwel Certification System of Community (Fitwel). The results show that community and organization factors are used more than interpersonal and policy factors among the four standards. Humanistic constructions lack attention in the ASHC and ASHRERA standards compared with the other standards. The differences between the four standards indicate that there is a need to focus on regional features and develop locally adapted interventions. This study offers a novel exploration of the potential effectiveness of healthy community assessment standards from a multidisciplinary perspective. The results of this study support standard-setters and planners in the development of interventions to improve building healthy communities using intersectionality frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of the appropriate traffic signal timing plans for no-notice evacuations in densely populated areas is a noteworthy challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternatives that could optimize evacuee traffic flow in a no-notice evacuation of areas near an oil refinery. This simulation case study focused on a residential area in the City of Wood River, Illinois, and used Synchro 8.0 and VISSIM 7.0. This case study was different from existing evacuation literature because of the high left-turn demand from evacuating traffic. The study methods were unique because of the application of dynamic traffic assignment, a left-turn movement on the evacuation route, and the simulation of fully-actuated traffic signals. These scenarios evaluated the following: (1) existing traffic infrastructure; (2) flexible shelter choice; and (3) optimized traffic signal timing with flexible shelter choice. The results suggested that optimizing the signal timing and allowing drivers' flexibility in choosing evacuation routes achieved the fastest evacuation. These findings indicated that a longer cycle length and an extended left-turn phase were important factors in reducing traffic delay in the network. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of operating intersections efficiently during no-notice evacuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Batang Mahat region in Lima Puluh Kota Regency is highly prone to flooding, with significant events recorded in 1961, 1968, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1991, 1998, 2005, 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The most catastrophic flood occurred in March 2017, inundating public areas and residential zones in the Pangkalan Koto Baru district. This study aims to simulate a flood inundation map for Batang Mahat using HEC-GeoRAS 10.8, ArcGIS, and HEC-RAS 6.2. HEC-GeoRAS is an ArcGIS extension designed for pre-processing geospatial data for HEC-RAS. For hydrological analysis, the study employed the Log Pearson Type III and Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph models within HEC-RAS. The simulation covered a 9.26 km² area in Batang Mahat, from Batu Kisok upstream, analyzing discharge return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The findings showed that flooding commenced at the Q5-year discharge return period and increased substantially at the Q25-year level, with an 84.44% rise in flood area compared to the Q10-year period. The 2017 flood was classified as a Q50-year event (2003.07 m³/s), affecting 2.47 km² of the 9.26 km² area studied. Validation through community surveys and interviews in Pangkalan Koto Baru yielded a data correlation value of 0.98, confirming the accuracy of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated renewed interest in how telecommuting can alter the workings of our cities and regions, but there is little guidance on how to align planning practice with the new reality. This report synthesizes the research on telecommuting and its consequences to help planners better understand what effects may occur from the proliferation of telecommuting and what lessons can be drawn from research findings. Emphasis is on the broad relevance of telecommuting to many domains of planning, including housing, land use, community development, and inclusive place-making, while attention is paid to changes in travel demand, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), and greenhouse gas emissions. The research suggests that telecommuting can occur in a variety of ways, and its impacts are largely dependent not only on the type/schedule of telecommuting but on the built environment, transit accessibility, and other amenities/opportunities the location provides. The varying impacts reported in the research can be seen as an encouragement for planners to actively create a better future rather than merely responding to the rise of telecommuting. Given the breadth of telecommuting’s impacts, systematic coordination across various planning domains will be increasingly important. This report also calls for collaboration across cities to guide the ongoing transformation induced by telecommuting not in a way that leads to more residential segregation but in a way that provides more sustainable and inclusive communities.

Fear of crime is one of the most significant factors affecting citizen’s quality of life. It isparticularly necessary to control the environmental factors that cause fear of crime in the neighborhood, as that is more worrisome. This study aimed to investigate women’s fear of crime in public streets in their neighborhoods and to identify the environmental factors that affect their fear of crime using a questionnaire and an eye-tracking experiment, respectively. Thirty participants watched four low-rise residential streets in Seoul and responded to a survey about their fear of crime. Through a multiple regression analysis, Factors such as “maintenance”, “pilotis”, “building entrance”, and “emergency bell” were found to largely influence fear of crime. This study contributes to the literature by identifying specific physical environment factors in parallel with eye tracking experiments, and our results have implications for future street design aimed at reducing the fear of crime.

• Various derivatives of PAHs were found in air and soil from petrochemical facility. • Generation of NPAHs during petroleum smelting should be faster than halogenated PAHs. • Petrochemical workers in this facility faced potential high cancer risk for PAHs. • Non-targeted screening found additional toxic PAHs analogs in petrochemical area. This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility. It was found that, following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs (∑Parent-PAHs) in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility, total derivatives of PAHs [named as XPAHs, including nitro PAHs (NPAHs), chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs), and brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs)] in gas (mean= 1.57 × 104 ng/m3), total suspended particulate (TSP) (mean= 4.33 × 103 ng/m3) and soil (mean= 4.37 × 103 ng/g) in this subarea had 1.76–6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility, surrounding residential areas and reference areas, indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs. Especially, compared with those in residential and reference areas, gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher ∑NPAH/∑PAHs (mean=2.18), but lower ∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs (mean=1.43 × 10−1) and ∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios (mean=7.49 × 10−2), indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process. The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24–343 times higher than non-occupational exposure, and the ILCR (1.04 × 10−4) for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk. Furthermore, one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area, and another 35 PAHs were found, including alkyl-PAHs, phenyl-PAHs and other species, indicating that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particular populations within the UK housing sector (most notably social housing tenants) have been conceptualised as 'flawed' consumers (Bauman, 1998) subject to stigmatisation in governmental and popular discourses for failing to enact the correct forms of consumption within the 'grammars of conduct' of the housing system. These valorise home ownership, prudent financial management and maintaining and enhancing properties. The post-Grenfell cladding scandal in England has resulted in an entirely new population – long leaseholders of properties with dangerous cladding – becoming constructed as flawed housing consumers, reconfiguring problematic behaviour and shifting where responsibilities for resolving the cladding crisis should be located. This paper explores the governmental narratives constructing leaseholders as flawed consumers, tracing the ways in which this operates not just via explicit statements, but also policy inaction, and the affective outcomes this generates. The paper explores how affected householders construct their identity, agency, responsibility and consumption practices and their reframed understandings of the housing system and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]