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We examine how broad changes in work arrangements and lifestyles brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic have affected households' location decisions. Using data on over 360,000 residential, interstate moves over the last 5 years, we find that more than 12% of moves were directly influenced by the pandemic. Among pandemic-influenced movers, over 15% of households cite that remote work influenced their move. Lifestyle-related (job-related) migration increased (decreased) significantly, particularly for the set of households who are likely to have access to remote work. We further find that these changes in migration patterns are positively related to post-pandemic economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Active school transportation (AST) is an important source of physical activity for children and a potentially important climate change mitigation strategy. However, few studies have examined factors associated with AST in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used baseline data from a longitudinal survey to investigate correlates of AST during the second wave of COVID-19 (December 2020). We collected survey data from 2291 parents of 7- to 12-year-olds across Canada and linked this information with data on neighborhood walkability and weather from national databases. We assessed potential correlates representing multiple levels of influence of the social–ecological model. We used gender-stratified binary logistic regression models to determine the correlates of children's travel mode to/from school (dichotomized as active vs motorized), while controlling for household income. We examined the correlates of travel mode for both the morning and afternoon trips. Results: Consistent correlates of AST among Canadian children during the COVID-19 pandemic included greater independent mobility, warmer outdoor temperature, having a parent who actively commuted to work or school, living in a household owning fewer vehicles, and living in a more walkable neighborhood. These findings were largely consistent between boys and girls and between morning and afternoon school trips. Conclusions: Policymakers, urban planners, and public health workers aiming to promote AST should focus on these correlates while ensuring that neighborhoods are safe for children. Future research should monitor the prevalence and correlates of AST as COVID-19 restrictions are removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to incorporate a gender perspective into the study of migration by shedding light on the experiences of unaccompanied minors. The study adopts a qualitative exploratory design and analyzes interviews conducted with child care professionals involved in the foster care of unaccompanied girls in a local administration in Spain. The findings reveal a strong relationship between gender, migrant status, minority status, and inadequate detection, mobility patterns, and limited resource allocation for the care of unaccompanied girls. The professionals emphasize the need for training in gender perspectives, trafficking, and exploitation, as well as the inclusion of more psychologists and cultural mediators to better address the needs of these young girls. The research concludes that a gender-sensitive and decolonized perspective within the field of social work is essential in addressing the specific vulnerabilities faced by these young women and ensuring their full access to rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential choices and school choices are intimately connected in school systems where school admission relies on proximity rules. In countries with universal school choice systems, however, it remains an open question whether families' residential mobility is tied to the choice of their children's school, and with what consequences. Using administrative data on all children approaching primary-school age in Sweden, we study to what extent families' financial and socio-economic background affects mobility between neighbourhoods and the characteristics of schools chosen by moving families. Our findings show that families do utilise the housing market as an instrument for school choice over the year preceding their firstborn child starting school. However, while families who move do 'climb the social ladder' by moving to neighbourhoods with more households of higher socio-economic status, their chosen schools do not appear to be of higher academic quality compared to those their children would otherwise have attended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing searches play a central role in the reproduction of racial inequality in U.S. cities. Past research finds that movers' social ties influence residential segregation, as renters receive information about homes located near friends and family. Fewer studies examine how renters' social ties also provide instrumental assistance during moves, or how this aid unequally shapes moving outcomes. In the present study, I show how 69 low-income, Latina/o and non-Hispanic white renters rely on their friends, family, and acquaintances to navigate moves in Los Angeles, a highly unaffordable rental market. Both groups mobilize their ties for instrumental assistance, but the resources available through renters' ties contribute to diverging search outcomes. Low-income Latina/o renters' ties, who also struggled to make ends meet, provided what I call constrained support —referrals to open units, loans to cover moving costs, and informal rental opportunities. This assistance channeled movers to specific apartments and left them negotiating informal, doubled-up homes and new debt. In contrast, low-income white renters leveraged comparatively affluent ties to cosign leases, provide financial gifts, and strengthen applications across buildings—what I refer to as flexible assistance. This aid helped low-income white movers secure housing advantages, while avoiding short-term reciprocal obligations to friends and family. These findings advance research on residential mobility and social support, and they show how network resource inequalities contribute to racial stratification in rental markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined differences in middle-aged adults' preferred features of their current versus future residential environments and how these differences varied by health and social characteristics. A sample of 1,651 Korean middle-aged adults (aged 49–64) rated their preferences for each of 12 features (e.g., proximity to family/relatives, house price) regarding current and future residential environments, separately. Respondents considered "accessibility to health services" and "opportunity for leisure activities" more important for future residential environments than for current ones. Respondents with poorer health considered features that help them compensate for health decline more important, while those who contacted friends/neighbors more frequently and participated in more cultural activities considered features that help them maintain their social interactions more important for future residential environments than the past. Our findings identified middle-aged adults' various demands for residential features after retirement, which reflect their strategic reactions to future needs for successful adaptation in later years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relatively little scholarship centers the experiences of Black youth to understand how young people interact with their neighborhood contexts, evaluate the differences between neighborhoods, and adapt to new neighborhoods. Using interviews with 120 Black youth whose families moved from high-poverty central city neighborhoods into lower-poverty, more racially diverse suburban neighborhoods with the Baltimore Housing Mobility Program, we find that Black youth describe tradeoffs that come with living in both city and suburban neighborhoods. While youth viewed their suburban neighborhoods as safer, the young people encountered new repertoires of socializing and space use after moving to the suburbs, with fewer opportunities to spontaneously hang out with peers. This made it challenging to establish new social ties. In response, youth adopted varied strategies, some aligned with new patterns of socializing, others stayed inside, and some returned to the city to reconnect with friends, even if this involved returning to neighborhoods they perceived as less safe. Our work underscores the idea that neighborhoods do not impose culture on youth in enduring or inflexible ways; rather they offer strategies of action that youth can decide to take up. How youth perceive the qualities of their neighborhoods shapes where and how they choose to spend their time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. Census 2020: Continuity and Change is the focus of this double issue of RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. This introduction briefly describes the broad socioeconomic changes between 2010 and 2020 in the United States and their implications for inequality, families, and American society. We then review the changes in employment, earnings, and education; housing and residential mobility; families and living arrangements; gender, sexuality, race-ethnicity, immigration, and rural America among others discussed in this issue. We highlight the areas of change, stemming from both changes in data availability and measurement and substantive material outcomes with a focus on whether the patterns follow the trends of past decades or change in new directions that signal more fundamental structural changes in American society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early populations that inhabited the Antilles were traditionally understood as highly mobile groups of hunters/fishers and gatherers. Although more recent data have demonstrated that some populations engaged in the production of domestic plants and cultivars, questions remain about other aspects of their lifeways, including whether the adoption of domesticates was accompanied by a decrease in residential mobility. The level of sedentism in a population is an instrumental variable to understand community social relations and complexity, adaptations, and lifeways. Here, we combined enamel strontium (87Sr/86Sr), oxygen (δ18Oen), and carbon (δ13Cen) isotopes of 44 human teeth from the site of Canímar Abajo--where the oldest human remains from the insular Caribbean have been reported--to examine the mobility patterns of early Antillean groups. In contrast with traditional narratives, the homogeneous strontium isotope values observed in most individuals from the older funerary area of the site (cal. BC 2237-790) were consistent with the pattern expected for a sedentary population subsisting primarily on local resources obtained close to the coast. The isotopic evidence reveals that between cal. AD 403-1282, the mound was reused for funerary practices by both local communities and nonlocal individuals. The evidence suggests that this period saw higher population mobility, with influxes of individuals from more distant locations and diverse dietary and burial traditions. The isotope results from Canímar Abajo provide the earliest isotopic evidence of populations with low-level residential mobility in the Antilles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pattern of housing growth in Kelurahan Barombong as a rapidly increasing suburban area tends not to be integrated with its infrastructure, so that the development pattern focused on addressing housing needs has created new problems in the transportation system. There are several arterial roads and collector roads that are not in ideal condition. Economic activity that tends to increase causes an increase in population mobility based on the pattern of origin and destination of travel, which has an impact on increasing traffic volume, slowing down vehicles, traffic congestion and high transportation costs. The purpose of this study is to identify the growth pattern of housing clusters in the Barombong Area, and analyze the correlation form of housing growth to the mobility conditions of residents in the Barombong Area. The spatial analysis method (analysis of nearest neighborhood) utilizes ArcGIS 10.3.1 software and non-parametric correlation statistical analysis using Jamovi. The result of this study is that there is a positive linear relationship between the distribution pattern of clustered settlements and the correlation form of housing growth with the mobility conditions of residents where the determining variables are the number of people per house, and the number of vehicle ownership. The dominant activity time of residents occurs at 05.00-07.00 and the destination of the movement is towards Makassar. While the negative (inverse) relationship is another factor that does not significantly influence the mobility of residents, namely infrastructure (level of service of schools, hospitals and traditional markets and others). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Residents' personal identification with places (regions, cities, towns, and so on) and with what places are supposed to stand for often determines their place‐supportive attitudes and behaviors. However, little is known about how residents' identification with the characteristics of places and their adoption of place‐related norms and values specifically affect residential mobility intentions and pro‐local consumption tendencies, which are key topics in many spatial development plans and place marketing. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by using a structural equation modeling approach and a cross‐place survey in Germany with 612 residents. The findings show that resident‐place identification, on the basis of residential need satisfaction, increases residents' intentions to stay in a place and pro‐local consumption preferences. These findings suggest that spatial planners and public managers can support the socioeconomic development of cities and regions and increase residents' willingness to stay in a place by strengthening their individual identification with places. We discuss the implications of our findings for the marketing and branding of places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient Native American ancestors (Clovis) have been interpreted as either specialized megafauna hunters or generalist foragers. Supporting data are typically indirect (toolkits, associated fauna) or speculative (models, actualistic experiments). Here, we present stable isotope analyses of the only known Clovis individual, the 18-month-old Anzick child, to directly infer maternal protein diet. Using comparative fauna from this region and period, we find that mammoth was the largest contributor to Clovis diet, followed by elk and bison/camel, while the contribution of small mammals was negligible, broadly consistent with the Clovis zooarchaeological record. When compared with second-order consumers, the Anzick-1 maternal diet is closest to that of scimitar cat, a mammoth specialist. Our findings are consistent with the Clovis megafaunal specialist model, using sophisticated technology and high residential mobility to subsist on the highest ranked prey, an adaptation allowing them to rapidly expand across the Americas south of the Pleistocene ice sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Based on the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen, stable carbon isotopes of bone apatite and an extensive AMS dating series (~10,000–299 years cal BP), the human paleodiets of 34 individuals from the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America) are evaluated. Materials and Methods: These data are interpreted from the isotopic ecology of animals with archaeofaunal evidence of consumption and isotopic models of human diet. Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model and Bayesian stable isotope ellipses were used to interpret human diets. Results: Analysis of isotopic values indicates intake of enriched lipids and/or carbohydrates in relation to the proteins consumed throughout the Holocene. The isotopic values of Middle Holocene humans in relation to the values of exploited resources point out that individuals obtained protein mainly from guanaco. Subsequently, there was an increase in the human breadth diet during the Late Holocene, with a greater relevance of small prey of high trophic levels and vegetables. This contrasts with zooarchaeological information indicating generalist human diets during the Middle Holocene and specialized human diets in guanaco during the Late Holocene. Conclusions: It is proposed that during the Middle Holocene arid period, the combination of low human population density and high residential mobility in wide foraging ranges allowed the guanaco to be the main source of protein. During the Late Holocene humid period, there was an increase in human population density and a decrease in residential mobility, which caused greater pressure on foraging territories and increased dietary breadth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the urban housing crisis is pivotal to current debates in housing studies, the question of affordable as well as sustainable housing in rural settings has arisen only recently. However, recent developments, including increasing demand for housing as well as for a specific supply, indicate that there is a rural housing crisis. Connecting the scattered strands of literature on rural housing, we propose an understanding of the rural housing crisis that involves spatialities, temporalities and intersectionalities. These dimensions are illustrated by three emblematic issues: the financialization/assetization of the rural housing supply, the increasing mobility of rural residents and the selective gentrification of rural communities. Building on a review of the literature on rural housing and its challenges, we argue that greater consideration of the rural in housing studies and a more nuanced focus on housing issues in rural studies would be fruitful, not only for future research but also for political action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite much research on the societal and individual consequences of new digital communication technologies, little attention has been paid to the neighbourhood as a locus of impact. This paper investigates how the growing influence of social media and real estate platforms will likely shape the process of neighbourhood change and the geographic distribution of population and financial resources. The investigation is grounded on a model of neighbourhood dynamics based on flows of households and property investments across metropolitan space, which are guided by imperfect information about housing market opportunities. Decision-makers receive information passively (increasingly through local and non-local social media) and when uncertainty about course of action becomes intolerable they turn to active search (increasingly involving online real estate platforms). Based on this conceptual framing, the article synthesises extant research to draw implications on how the expanding use of these new technologies is affecting neighbourhoods by changing the composition of decision-makers and the information that underpins their decisions. It concludes that digitalisation reduces neighbourhoods residential stability, social capital and diversity, while rendering their dwellings less well-maintained and more expensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study tests the idea that neighborhoods on the periphery of large U.S. university campuses are socially disorganized and thus higher in crime relative to those that do not border university campuses. Social disorganization theory predicts that crime in these neighborhoods is elevated due to their high rate of residential mobility, relatively low socioeconomic status, and high levels of ethnic heterogeneity. Methods: To test this hypothesis, data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study 2000 were analyzed. The data set contains a representative sample of U.S. neighborhoods with variables measured at the tract level. A series of t‐tests note the difference in crime rate means for campus and non‐campus areas, and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses further test the hypothesis. Results: We find support for the main prediction using basic social disorganization models containing composite measures plus tract and city‐level controls. Conclusion: The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed along with the study's limitations and the potential for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent climate disasters serve as a reminder of the growing—yet overlooked—risk of climate-driven displacement in the Global North. This paper contributes to a nascent literature on disaster-induced mobility in high-income countries by extending the evidence to a new context: Australia. Applying propensity score matching to panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we conduct the first causal assessment of the impact of home damage caused by extreme weather events on residential mobility in Australia. Our findings suggest that from 2009 to 2022, an annual average of 1.6% of Australians aged 15 + (or ~ 308,000 people a year) experienced home damage caused by floods, cyclones or bushfires. Such damage increases the probability of changing address within 1 year by 56%, displacing an annual average of 22,261 Australians. Cumulatively, this amounts to ~ 312,000 people displaced by climate-induced home damage between 2009 and 2022. Importantly, this type of climate-induced mobility is not evenly spread across the population. Contrary to findings from the Global South, we find no evidence of “entrapment effects”, except for uninsured homeowners. Instead, our results indicate that over 80% of climate-displaced Australians come from the bottom two income quartiles, with the poorest 3% accounting for 14% of the displaced population. The most disadvantaged Australians thus face a double vulnerability: they are both more likely to sustain home damage from extreme weather events and more likely to be displaced. These findings bear important implications for adaptation strategies and policy responses to natural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore changes to settlement and mobility in the northern Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo, Gam, and Batanta) over the past five centuries, a time when speakers of several Austronesian languages were moving throughout the archipelago. The evidence shows: (1) some settlement relocations were rapid, occurring within a generation, while other settlements remained fixed for hundreds of years; and (2) there were numerous clan and family scale movements that led to high levels of intermarriage between language groups and settlements. The results demonstrate that far from being a place of stasis caught between the worlds of Maluku and New Guinea, Raja Ampat settlement and mobility were highly dynamic. This dynamism prompts us to rethink the relationship between today's settlement locations, their language affiliations, and the meta-narratives about their recent population histories. We propose that the deeper past of Raja Ampat may have also been characterized by dynamic movement and social flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the occasion of the book's quasquicentennial, our special issue brings together four articles that show the continuing relevance of W. E. B. Du Bois's The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study (1899). The contributors illustrate how a fresh perspective on the theoretical insights that Du Bois began to develop in The Philadelphia Negro deepen understanding of contemporary topics such as gentrification, policing, residential mobility, and the rhythyms of daily life in Black neighborhoods. Taken together, these articles adopt four tenets of a Du Boisian Sociology that are grounded in the contributions of The Philadelphia Negro : (a) using history to contextualize the contemporary, (b) studying social phenomena through the subaltern perspective, (c) using a "case of" design, and (d) analyzing the structural context that shapes individual outcomes, with attention to people's agency. As our special issue demonstrates, while already a classic, The Philadelphia Negro deserves an even wider audience for its lessons on what city blocks can tell us about the character of a city: the residents and their institutions that have come and gone, the shape of changing neighborhoods, and what all that could mean for urban change in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on residential mobility is burgeoning; however, only a few studies have examined this topic in the context of impression formation. In Study 1, we first examined the hypothesis that high residential mobility increases sensitivity to friendliness, whereas low residential mobility increases sensitivity to hostility. In the word completion task, no effects of residential mobility were observed; however, in the impression formation task, participants with high residential mobility perceived friendly new acquaintances with higher amicability than those with low residential mobility (Studies 1a and 1c). Meanwhile, no effect was observed with the hostile new acquaintances (Study 1b). The results suggest that the effects of residential mobility, with a focus on friendliness and hostility, may be highly context dependent. Study 2 partially confirmed this idea, showing that participants with low residential mobility perceived hostile old acquaintances as less friendly than those with high residential mobility, and there was no effect of residential mobility in the case of friendly old acquaintances (Study 3). The role of residential mobility on impression formation was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has begun to document the impact of COVID-19, and corresponding restrictions associated with the pandemic, to several unintended consequences including increased rates of family violence. Given these findings, there have been calls for research to understand predictors of family violence, and how such predictors may shift during differing periods of the pandemic. Rooted in the family stress model and social disorganization theory, this study used call for service data from two police departments located in the Midwest of the United States, to examine whether the relationship between sociostructural indices on the number of family violence incidents varied in the times before, during, and after COVID-19 Safer-at-Home orders. Based on a series of negative binomial regression models, results show that the association between neighborhood (i.e., Census block group) concentrated poverty, the percentage of the population between 15 and 24 years of age, and the percentage of the population that identify as male on family violence was amplified during and/or after the adoption of the Safer-at-Home order. Results also indicated that the Safer-at-Home order eradicated the once significant effect of residential mobility and family violence incidents. Lastly, although neighborhoods located within the more populous and metropolitan city experienced fewer family violence incidents, compared to the mixed rural-suburban city, the gap in the number of incidents per neighborhood decreased in the times following the enactment of the Safer-at-Home order. Based on these findings, proactive and reactive policies regarding resource dissemination and increasing neighboring activities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 1 July 2016, the Wet doorstroming huurmarkt (Rental Market Transition Act) was implemented in the Netherlands. This law made it possible to temporarily rent out a property for a maximum of two years. The law was created to promote flexibility in the rental market. In particular, better allocation of households was the goal. This paper empirically analyses the impact of temporary contracts by considering the frequency of short stays (up to 2 years). We investigate the changes in this frequency since 2016. We also consider possible implications of the introduction of temporary contracts for rents, residential mobility, and duration of vacancy. We quantify the benefits of short stays to landlords, which mirror the cost of tenants, in terms of higher rental revenues. We also find that residential mobility in the private rental market increased significantly after temporary contracts were allowed, not only in the first 24 months of stay, but overall, as intended by the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite documented associations between childhood area-level socioeconomic status (SES), residential mobility and health, studies in this domain rarely use lifecourse study designs. This study examined temporal patterns of four residential mobility typologies based on area-level SES exposure from birth to 16 years. We devised four main residential mobility typologies: advantaged stayers (remaining in high SES areas), disadvantaged stayers (remaining in low SES areas), advantaged or upward movers (moving between high SES areas or transitioning from low to high SES areas), and disadvantaged or downward movers (moving between low SES areas or transitioning from high to low SES areas). Secondly, the research examined selected sociodemographic characteristics associated with the residential mobility typologies and whether these associations varied by age. Data from the Christchurch Health and Development (CHDS) prospective birth cohort study were used to obtain individual (i.e., gender, ethnic) and family sociodemographic (i.e., family SES) characteristics, and home addresses from birth to 16 years. Geocoded home addresses were linked to area-level SES. Two-level multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and residential mobility typologies and their variations by age. Disadvantaged stayers constituted over one-fifth of the cohort during most of childhood. Children with Māori ethnicity, younger mothers, family instability, and childhood adversity are more vulnerable to frequent moves coupled with exposure to low area-level SES. Our study paves the way for the exploration of childhood environmental exposures and later-life health within a spatial lifecourse epidemiology framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Millions of people move within the U.S. each year. We propose that people function as proxies for their locations, bringing the culture of their previous residence to their new homes. As a result, migration might systematically influence regional biases across geographic units over time. Using county-to-county migration data from the U.S. census and county-level racial attitude estimates from Project Implicit, the present research examined the impact of people relocating from one U.S. county to another on racial attitudes in their new county. Consistent with our prediction, the bias brought by the migrants positively predicts county-level racial bias after migration, even after controlling for county-level racial bias before migration. This finding remains robust across various sample inclusion criteria and spans three time periods (2006–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020). These results highlight the significant role of migration in spreading and shaping regional racial attitudes, emphasizing the importance of considering macro-societal processes such as migration when studying changes in regional racial attitudes.

Recent quantitative studies on the relationship between gentrification and residential displacement have produced inconsistent findings. We examine whether these differences may be attributed to variation in the conceptualization and measurement of gentrification by testing a variety of different operational definitions of gentrification while holding data sources and other methodological decisions fixed. We treat gentrification as a family of related phenomena, estimate a family of operational measures of gentrification from Census data, and, for each measure in the family, test the association between gentrification and displacement in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We find that several relationships between gentrification and residential displacement are robust to the choice of measure from the family of gentrification measures we consider. In particular, we find no evidence that gentrification increases the probability of displacement for renters or homeowners, regardless of how gentrification is defined and operationalized. However, consistent with recent studies of particular metro areas, we find evidence that homeowners who live in gentrifying neighborhoods are less likely to be displaced than homeowners in comparable neighborhoods that are not gentrifying.

Abstract This paper proposes a framework to examine how neighborhood factors influence criminal justice (CJ) contact and contribute to disparities across multiple stages of the justice process. By conceptualizing the punishment process as a dynamic set of decision-making points, this study highlights the role of neighborhood context in shaping offenders’ CJ trajectories and post-CJ residential inequality. Using Harris County, Texas, as a case study, this research considers individual-, neighborhood-, and event-level variables to understand the cumulative effects of neighborhood characteristics on CJ outcomes. This study underscores the critical need to investigate neighborhood mobility and its broader implications for community development and public policy. The findings can be supported by extensive data from the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System, offering a robust analysis of offenders’ spatial patterns and economic transitions.

In the context of China's urbanization and migration transformation, the phenomenon and trends of job-housing separation have shown new dynamics, necessitating a systematic review of research on this topic in Chinese cities. This study uses CiteSpace to conduct a quantitative analysis of literature on job-housing separation in China from 2000 to 2022. The review is structured according to stages of urban development, with a focus on summarizing and evaluating current research hotspots, themes, and methodologies. The findings indicate that the job-residence separation at different stages of population mobility has different characteristics. Firstly, the research area of job-housing separation has expanded from first-tier cities to second- and third-tier cities, reflecting the new phenomenon of population flow and transition in China's urbanization process. Second, the research perspective has gradually shifted from the macro level to the micro level, paying more attention to the job-housing separation. At the same time, the study actively adopts advanced technologies such as machine learning to process large-scale migration data, and combines multidisciplinary theories such as geography, urbanism, and transportation to conduct in-depth analyses.. Based on this comprehensive review, several key points are identified: (1) In the context of migration transformation, research needs to focus more on the new characteristics of job-housing separation and its spatial correlations from a lifecycle perspective. This involves investigating the social foundations of job-housing separation across multiple scales, including the urban-rural divide, intercity dynamics, and intracity variations. (2) Current research has not adequately explored the evolution of job-housing separation. It is necessary to incorporate life cycle theory to unify each stage of job-housing separation into a dynamic research framework. (3) The use of machine learning techniques should be encouraged to process large-scale migration data. Interdisciplinary approaches, combining geography, urban studies, and transportation, are essential to explore the mechanisms of job-housing separation more comprehensively. This will enable better analysis and prediction of trends, supporting urban planning and the optimization of transportation infrastructure. (4) Integrating migration theories with lifecycle theory can further illuminate the interrelationships between job-housing separation and migration behavior. Research should focus on the impacts of migration on job-housing separation and explore how to address these issues in the context of migration, providing better planning recommendations for urban development. In conclusion, multidimensional and interdisciplinary research is essential to fully understand the dynamics of job-housing separation within the broader context of China's urbanization and migration transformation. By incorporating theories and methodologies from various disciplines, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and influencing factors can lead to more effective policymaking and sustainable urban development.

Background: Though social determinants are the primary drivers of health, few studies of people living with HIV focus on non-clinical correlates of insecure and/or fragmented connections with the care system. Our team uses linked clinical and multisector non‐clinical data to study how residential mobility and connection to social services influence the HIV care continuum. We engage a diverse group of individuals living with HIV and other invested community members to guide and inform this research. Our objective is to generate consultant-informed, research-based interventions that are relevant to the community, and to share our engagement approach and findings so that other researchers can do the same. Methods: Our research team partnered with the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute's Research Jam to develop and implement a human-centered design research plan to engage individuals with experience relevant to our research. We recruited a panel of consultants composed of people living with HIV and/or clinicians and individuals from agencies that provide medical and non-medical services to people living with HIV in Marion County, Indiana. To date, we have used a variety of human-centered design tools and activities to engage individuals during six sessions, with results informing our future engagement and research activities. Results: Since the inception of the project, 48 consultants have joined the panel. Thirty-five continue to be actively engaged and have participated in one or more of the six sessions conducted to date. Consultants have helped guide and prioritize analyses, aided in identification of data missing from our ecosystem, helped interpret results, provided feedback on future interventions, and co-presented with us at a local health equity conference. Conclusions: We utilize community engagement to expand the scope of our research and find that the process provides value to both consultants and the research team. Human-centered design enhances this partnership by keeping it person-centered, developing empathy and trust between consultants and researchers, increasing consultant retention, and empowering consultants to collaborate meaningfully with the research team. The use of these methods is essential to conduct relevant, impactful, and sustainable research. We anticipate that these methods will be important for academic and public health researchers wishing to engage with and integrate the ideas of community consultants. Plain English Summary: According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, many people living with HIV do not get the care they need to stay healthy. They may face many problems that make it hard for them to access or afford medical services. They may also have barriers such as mental health or substance use disorders, unstable housing, or unreliable access to transportation. We want to understand how these factors influence the health of people living with HIV and find ways to help them overcome these barriers and improve their health. We use information from many sources, including records from health and social service agencies, to measure services received and health outcomes. We also work with a group of people living with HIV and/or who provide support or care to people living with HIV in our community. They help us understand what is important to them, what information we need, what the results mean, and what solutions we should try. To date, there are 48 people in this group. We have hosted six meetings where we shared and discussed our findings and asked for their input. We think that involving people living with HIV and those who seek to serve them is critical to our research. These individuals with lived experience relevant to our research have given us valuable feedback and suggestions that we can use to help guide our research, making it more relevant, useful, and impactful. It can also benefit the people who participate in the community-engaged process, with the consultants learning from each other and from us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines virtual exchange (VE) as a mode of internationalization at a distance through the Turkish higher education context. Recognizing the constraints of geographical mobility, VE emerges as a viable alternative to enhance international and intercultural learning through technology. Employing a qualitative phenomenological design, we interviewed 22 participants, including students, faculty members and international office professionals from five Turkish universities. Our findings reveal diverse motivations, such as personal and academic development, and highlight professional and intercultural affordances. However, significant challenges persist, including technological limitations, time and communication obstacles and institutional support deficiencies. Our study indicates that VE projects provide valuable international experiences and intercultural awareness for students unable to participate in geographical mobility, yet they require careful consideration of technological tools and planning of activities in the ‘third space’ to overcome existing barriers and enhance student engagement. We recommend that scholars and institutional leaders give more consideration to VE from the viewpoint of internationalization at a distance for more inclusive and equitable internationalization practices in higher education driven by technological tools. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic? Virtual exchange offers cost‐effective solutions for international and intercultural exchanges, especially for students with limited opportunities for geographical mobility. What does this paper add? Examines the virtual exchange from the viewpoint of Internationalization at a distance, using the Turkish case. Uses the conceptual lens of space, place and time to understand virtual exchange and Internationalization at a distance and improve virtual exchange experiences in underprivileged contexts. Implications for policy and practice Instructors should foster a sense of community and belonging for virtual exchange participants and diversify technological tools and communication mechanisms. Institutions should prioritize virtual exchange and technology integration in internationalization, provide adequate resources for students and faculty members and incentivize virtual exchange. What is already known about this topic? Virtual exchange offers cost‐effective solutions for international and intercultural exchanges, especially for students with limited opportunities for geographical mobility. What does this paper add? Examines the virtual exchange from the viewpoint of Internationalization at a distance, using the Turkish case. Uses the conceptual lens of space, place and time to understand virtual exchange and Internationalization at a distance and improve virtual exchange experiences in underprivileged contexts. Implications for policy and practice Instructors should foster a sense of community and belonging for virtual exchange participants and diversify technological tools and communication mechanisms. Institutions should prioritize virtual exchange and technology integration in internationalization, provide adequate resources for students and faculty members and incentivize virtual exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global surge in displacement, with nearly 110 million people uprooted due to violence, underscores the pressing need to comprehend the challenges faced by refugees. Population growth, environmental crises, and political instability contribute to this crisis, projecting an escalating trend in the decades ahead. While hosting countries strive to address concerns related to labour markets, state provisions, and cultural integration, understanding the well-being of refugees upon entry needs to be more adequately explored. This study focuses on refugee stability and integration, employing Austria as a case study. Stability is assessed through residential movement, where more frequent moves indicate instability. Utilising comprehensive administrative data spanning November 2022 to November 2023, we examine residence movements as a proxy for stability. Our findings reveal a stark contrast in the stability of refugees compared to other migrant groups. Analysing movement profiles, we establish that refugees exhibit significantly higher rates of residential mobility than their counterparts, especially among male refugees. This imbalance persists even when comparing refugees to migrants from top refugee-sending countries without official refugee status. This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of refugee stability, shedding light on the enduring challenges faced by this population. By examining movement patterns as a key indicator, we provide a nuanced understanding of the residential experiences of refugees, that can inform targeted policies and interventions for enhanced refugee well-being and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our analysis of young people who have stayed in rural communities contributes to a 'relational turn' in youth studies that rejects substantialist approaches to make visible the range of relationships beyond simply educational qualifications and employment that inform youth life projects. This relational turn recognises that 'youth' is a product of classificatory struggles that become routinised into taken for granted concepts. Our analysis challenges the tendency to see geographical mobility as a normative component of contemporary youth transitions; and rejects the assumption that geographical immobility for rural youth is necessarily associated with disadvantage. Drawing on Yuval Davis' concept of belonging we use longitudinal survey and interview data from rural Australians that left school in 2006 and who stayed in rural locations. Drawing on this data we employ a biographical approach that focuses on their everyday practices and narratives of life projects to explore the dynamics of belonging to place and community over time. Our qualitative analysis of youth narratives supports a relational analysis of belonging to reveal significant similarities between the life projects of rural 'stayers' and those who moved to urban areas emphasising belonging through relationships to place, work, family and friends and the personal recognition these elements bring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program can potentially help expand access to neighborhoods with low poverty and economic opportunities for low-income households. Prior studies described that LIHTC units are in neighborhoods with relatively high poverty, but with improvements in recent years. Beyond cross-sectional analyses, scholars have not extensively looked at the movements of tenants. It remains unclear whether the program creates opportunities for low-income households to move into better neighborhoods than they previously lived in or reinforces segregation by encouraging moves to similarly or more disadvantaged neighborhoods. Using an extensive consumer database, I am tracking the movements of households who move into new LIHTC properties in California. The experimental findings show that residents experience, on average, increases in poverty exposure by up to six percentage points over other moved low-income renters. Tenants see lower levels of neighborhood amenities than at their previous addresses. The construction of LIHTC housing can increase the chance of households moving into minority-concentrated areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic period Maya populations were mobile, and both burial patterns and dietary analyses suggest that many movers were incorporated into local communities. This paper presents a multi‐isotopic (Sr, O, S, C, and N) study of the diet and mobility of 18 Late (AD 550–800) and Terminal Classic (AD 800–900) individuals from the site of Pacbitun, Belize. Three distinct isotope systems identify where people lived at different stages of life, from the childhood origins of migrant and local Pacbitun populations to their final residences. The enamel strontium isotope ratios of the Court 3 individuals were higher than local ranges established by faunal and human bone values, suggesting elite migration, or even residential mobility within the polity. Sulfur isotope values reveal information about the local population, where all but one individual in the sample lived at the site for many years before they died. The exception was an isotopically nonlocal individual in a dedicatory deposit, as reported in other studies. Diet also informs on the receiving community and how migrants assimilated, as people with local and nonlocal isotope values ate isotopically similar foods. Individuals from elite site core contexts and those in Pacbitun's peripheral settlements both consumed C4‐enriched proteins, though there were more isotopically diverse protein sources in peripheral settlements during the Terminal Classic period. Sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen isotope data also reveal some differences in where food was acquired, including use of nonlocal fauna. Combining isotope systems that sample different body tissues also may blur the line between migrants and locals, terms that may describe the same person at different stages of life and show the need for a more nuanced discussion of ancient mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the social selectivity of internal movers in six European countries, by examining the influence of education and social origin on the likelihood of moving. The study, using ShareLife data, reveals country-specific variations in social selectivity. France and Poland show a skilled selection of internal movers, where education is the primary factor affecting the likelihood of moving, with no additional effect of social origin. In Germany and Sweden, internal movers are selected based on their social origin as well as education, but this double selection differs between the two countries, with a boosting scenario in Germany and a systematic effect of social origin in Sweden, regardless of educational level. Finally, in Spain and Italy, the social selectivity of movers is less evident. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering the interplay of education and social origin in understanding the social selectivity of internal movers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International student mobility (ISM) to China is an underexplored topic, especially as it relates to mobility emanating from the Global North. Between 2019 and 2020, we interviewed 25 international students originally from Europe, North and South America, and Oceania and, using thematic analysis, analysed their decisions to study in China. The results show that these young people's international migration patterns were motivated by a strong desire to search for a sense of home, cultural adventure, personal growth, authenticity, and abundant opportunities in China. In this light, we argue that international students' migration decision‐making is intertwined with their imaginaries of and imaginative frames for China, which various agents formulate at the intersection of global, national, and local contexts. In the process, we reveal a geographical imaginary of ISM that has been overlooked in the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although gentrification and its associated changes in residential mobility have been widely studied, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the changing origin locations of gentrification‐related residential moves. In this study, we use fine‐grained register data from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics to uncover changing residential mobility patterns to and within the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We identify that the state‐led gentrification process goes hand in hand with the changing socioeconomic characteristics of in‐movers and the changing origin locations of residential moves. The city of Rotterdam increasingly attracts middle‐ to high‐income households from other core cities in the Netherlands, a process that we understand as inter‐urban gentrification spillover. In parallel, intra‐urban moves by economically vulnerable residents are declining, especially toward and within gentrifying neighborhoods. This represents evidence of exclusionary displacement. We conclude that the spillover effects of contemporary gentrification should be understood beyond an intra‐urban metropolitan perspective since gentrification in one city can enhance gentrification in another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature on the internal mobility of international migrants and their descendants in Europe from an interdisciplinary perspective. Europe is becoming increasingly diverse. Where international migrants live and move to after arriving in their destination country influences both individual life courses and macro‐level population compositions. So far, a comprehensive overview of internal mobility patterns and drivers among migrants is missing. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, to discuss the development of the field across disciplines; second, to present and reflect on the current state of knowledge of internal mobility of migrants in Europe, and third, to conclude by setting an agenda for future research. This paper stresses the importance of studying the internal mobility of migrant populations over their life courses, testing theories across migrant generations, doing more justice to population diversity, strengthening the link between the literature on internal and international migration, and finally, emphasises the need for comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite obvious consequences of pandemics on human mobility, attempts to quantify the migratory impact of COVID‐19 remained scarce, largely due to a general lack of data necessary for such assessments. The guiding principle of this paper is that common statistical definitions of migration—linked to usual residences—fail to capture a considerable share of the fast‐changing and diverse universe of cross‐border movements, which characterized the years of the pandemic. In this study, panels of short‐ and longer‐term movements were created, and hybrid (machine learning‐supported) interrupted time series analyses were performed on the basis of pre‐pandemic monthly migration flows data to quantify the impact of COVID‐19 on international migration. Social insurance data up to 2019 was used to estimate counterfactual emigration and return flows of Hungarians for 2020 and 2021 and compared with actual migration data a posteriori. Beyond the durations of staying abroad, we sought to look at how COVID‐related impacts on migration differ by destinations. In accordance with the results, 25% of expected emigrations in cumulative terms had not taken place due to the pandemic if only long‐term migrations are considered. This share is 22% when a more flexible conceptualization of geographic mobilities is applied. Behind this relatively small difference, however, there are large variations by destinations. Although similar cumulative impact cannot be detected in case of return migrations, the outbreak of the coronavirus resulted in an unprecedented wave of backwards mobilities, the impact of which however was fading away by the end of the 2‐years period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between residential mobility and self-rated health among Indigenous adults aged 19–24, exploring whether food insecurity acts as a mediator or moderator in this relationship. Data were collected from the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative survey administered by Statistics Canada (N = 4,028). Logistic regression analysis revealed that food insecurity fully mediated the negative effects of residential mobility on self-rated general and mental health. Furthermore, food insecurity amplified the negative impacts of residential mobility on both health outcomes. These results underscore the importance of implementing culturally specific interventions to address food insecurity among young Indigenous adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Omicron variant of COVID-19, a genetic mutation of the Delta variant, is marked by higher infection rates and linked to increased air pollution. This study investigates CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 air quality variations in Surabaya from November 27, 2021, to May 7, 2022, during the Omicron outbreak. Methods used include Hotspot Clustering, Mean Center (MC), Directional Distribution (Standard Deviational Ellipse), and Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I). CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite with Google Earth Engine. The Omicron variant's Weighted Mean Center (WMC) was found at coordinates 696250.219731 and 9192998.5921 m in Semolowaru village. A decrease in pollutants was observed during the peak infestation from January 29, 2022, to February 26, 2022, with reductions of 11.381 µmol/m2 and -23.195 µmol/m2, indicating low mobility in residential and workplace categories. Average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the study were 0.084 g/m3 and 0.043 g/m3, respectively. The correlation between COVID-19 spread and pollutant concentrations showed a moderate to weak relationship, with an R2 value of = 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across countries, mounting housing pressures contribute to a growing number of young adults living in the parental home. Patterns at the micro‐level and cross‐nationally are well charted, but less is known about intra‐country differences. Drawing on the case of the Netherlands, we use full‐population register data to examine co‐residence patterns of 25–34‐year‐olds for the 2005–2020 period. Through descriptive, GIS and multivariate analyses, we explain patterns in co‐residence according to income, across space and over time. Results reveal substantial spatial differences in patterns of co‐residence and rates of growth, with the strongest increases in the largest cities and directly adjacent regions. Patterns are most pronounced and intensified for low‐income young adults, who increasingly struggle to realise residential independence in and around economic pull regions and high‐priced urban areas. These findings point to increasing socio‐spatial inequalities in co‐residence, contributing to literature on the interaction between class and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited existing literature studying the effects of childhood residential mobility suggests that it influences a range of life outcomes, at least in young adulthood. Little is known about how the frequency of moving in childhood is related to later-life demographic behaviour in Europe. Drawing on residential and partnership histories from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this paper examines whether moving in childhood relates to union dissolution in adulthood. It empirically addresses two theoretical explanations underlying the potential association: First, according to the confounding hypothesis, effects of childhood residential mobility differ by family background and resources. Second, the family stress model suggests that the accumulated stress and conflicts associated with frequent residential mobility disrupt the family and child's social ties, resulting in worse relationship skills in later life (mediation hypothesis). Applying discrete-time event history analysis to individuals born between 1945 and 1965 in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland, we find a significant association between childhood moves (prior to age 17) and adult union dissolution. The effect's strength varies based on the number of childhood moves, demonstrating a clear gradient. Notably, adults with three or more childhood moves exhibit a 55% higher likelihood of union dissolution compared to non-movers. These associations persist even after accounting for childhood background factors, while family stress mediates the link partially. Our findings shed light on the role of spatial mobility in shaping demographic outcomes and underscore its potential contribution to the accumulation and reproduction of life disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Online education enables location-independent learning, potentially providing university students with more flexible study programs and reducing traffic-related CO2 emissions. This paper aims to examine whether online education can contribute to university-related sustainable everyday mobility, with particular consideration given to aspects of social sustainability and potential rebound effects. Specifically, it explores sustainability dilemmas that arise from conflicting social and ecological effects. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on qualitative data from mobility diaries and extensive semistructured interviews (n = 26) collected at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences in Germany, this study deploys thematic analysis and a typification approach to analyze and classify students' daily practices related to studying, mobility and dwelling, which may be impacted by online education. Findings: The study identifies six distinct student types with diverse practices in studying, mobility and dwelling. Comparisons between student types reveal stark differences regarding professional and social goals that students associate with their studies, influencing university-related mobility and residential choices. This leads to varying assessments of online education, with some students expecting benefits and others anticipating severe drawbacks. Practical implications: The typology developed in this paper can assist Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in comparable contexts in understanding the distinct needs and motivations of students, thereby proactively identifying sustainability dilemmas associated with online education. By leveraging these findings, HEIs can effectively balance diverse interests and contribute meaningfully to sustainability. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is among the first to systematically investigate conflicts and rebound effects of online education in the context of sustainable mobility within HEIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Therapeutic group interventions are commonly provided in acquired brain injury (ABI) inpatient rehabilitation settings, but little is known about the extent of therapeutic groups run for community-dwellers with ABI. This paper seeks to review current literature concerning the nature of therapeutic groups run for community-dwellers with ABI and the involvement of occupational therapists. Materials & Methods: A scoping review was conducted with systematic searching of relevant databases guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Studies were included if they reported on therapeutic groups for community-dwellers with ABI. Articles were collated and summarised with key findings presented in narrative form with accompanying tables. Results: Seventy articles met inclusion. Groups are used as therapeutic change agents for community-dwellers with ABI and target a diverse range of participation barriers. Participants valued group programs that established safe environments, a sense of belonging, growth opportunities and social connections. Group accessibility needs to be improved, with better funding avenues available for service providers, as well as greater consumer involvement in group design and facilitation. Conclusions: Groups are a valuable therapeutic modality supporting community-dwellers with ABI. Further research is warranted into the use of groups by occupational therapists working with community-dwellers with ABI. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Therapeutic groups can support the development of social connections, community participation and help community-dwellers with ABI re-establish a positive self-identity. Conducting groups in community settings and involving consumers in group design and facilitation may enhance the group experience for participants. Occupational Therapists should be involved in the design and delivery of occupation-based and participation focused group-based programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHousing markets are an important arena for the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage in advanced economies. In recent years, academics and policymakers have argued that homeownership is becoming a ‘family affair’ as home buyers become increasingly reliant on receiving financial and in-kind support from their relatives. This article develops our understanding of supported home purchases in Britain by examining the distribution and residential implications of receiving assistance to buy a home. The results show that support for home purchase is more widespread, varied and multichannelled than is often assumed. Receipt of support is also socially patterned as younger and more economically marginal buyers, as well as those in the tight London housing market, are disproportionately likely to purchase homes with assistance. Finally, although support generally has weak associations with the characteristics of housing purchases, drawing on an inheritance boosts the probability that those entering homeownership buy homes in more advantaged neighbourhoods. Receiving support also reduces the likelihood of heavier mortgage borrowing among moving owner-occupiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a framework to examine how neighborhood factors influence criminal justice (CJ) contact and contribute to disparities across multiple stages of the justice process. By conceptualizing the punishment process as a dynamic set of decision-making points, this study highlights the role of neighborhood context in shaping offenders' CJ trajectories and post-CJ residential inequality. Using Harris County, Texas, as a case study, this research considers individual-, neighborhood-, and event-level variables to understand the cumulative effects of neighborhood characteristics on CJ outcomes. This study underscores the critical need to investigate neighborhood mobility and its broader implications for community development and public policy. The findings can be supported by extensive data from the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers and the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System, offering a robust analysis of offenders' spatial patterns and economic transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographical (im)mobility of immigrants in host countries is a significant issue due to its strong links with the integration process. This is particularly evident in Italy, a country with a long history of emigration, where the foreign resident population has now become a structural element of society. Using original data sources and adopting a (pseudo) longitudinal and multiscale approach, this paper provides new insights into the stability and types of internal migration among the main 20 foreign communities residing in Italy in 2011 and in 2018. Significant heterogeneity emerges not only among the different foreign groups but also between metropolitan contexts in the north and centre-south of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]