1,736 results on '"RESOLVENTS (Mathematics)"'
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2. On the existence of mild solutions of some partial functional integrodifferential equations with non continuous state-dependent delay function.
- Author
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Matloub, Jaouad El and Ezzinbi, Khalil
- Subjects
INTEGRO-differential equations ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,FUNCTIONAL equations ,OPERATOR theory - Abstract
The fundamental goal of this paper is to investigate the existence of mild solutions for a certain type of partial functional integrodifferential equations with infinite state-dependent delays. The results are established under a non-continuous state-dependent delay function, which extends the existing results that employ a continuous one. In order to achieve this, we apply resolvent operator theory and the concept of regulated functions. Finally, we present an illustrated example to provide practical context for the abstract results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
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3. Impulsive integro‐differential inclusions with nonlocal conditions: Existence and Ulam's type stability.
- Author
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Bensalem, Abdelhamid, Salim, Abdelkrim, and Benchohra, Mouffak
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *BANACH spaces - Abstract
This article focuses on the existence and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability outcomes pertaining to a specific category of impulsive integro‐differential inclusions (with instantaneous and non‐instantaneous impulses). These problems are examined using resolvent operators, drawing from the Grimmer perspective. Our analysis is based on Bohnenblust–Karlin's and Darbo's fixed point theorems for multivalued mappings in Banach spaces. Additionally, we provide an illustrative example to reinforce and demonstrate the validity of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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4. Nonconvex optimal control problems for semi-linear neutral integro-differential systems with infinite delay.
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Huang, Hai and Fu, Xianlong
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *ADMISSIBLE sets , *INTEGRALS , *ARGUMENT , *COST - Abstract
In this work, by using the theory of fundamental solution and resolvent operators, we investigate the existence of solutions for Bolza optimal control problems for a semi-linear neutral integro-differential equation with infinite delay. It is stressed that both the integral cost functional and the admissible set do not require convexity conditions other than the existing literature. Meanwhile, the existence of time optimal control to a target set is also considered and obtained by limit arguments. Finally, we provide a example to demonstrate the applications of our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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5. Parallel inertial forward–backward splitting methods for solving variational inequality problems with variational inclusion constraints.
- Author
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Thang, Tran Van and Tien, Ha Manh
- Subjects
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *HILBERT space , *ALGORITHMS , *VARIATIONAL inequalities (Mathematics) - Abstract
The inertial forward–backward splitting algorithm can be considered as a modified form of the forward–backward algorithm for variational inequality problems with monotone and Lipschitz continuous cost mappings. By using parallel and inertial techniques and the forward–backward splitting algorithm, in this paper, we propose a new parallel inertial forward–backward splitting algorithm for solving variational inequality problems, where the constraints are the intersection of common solution sets of a finite family of variational inclusion problems. Then, strong convergence of proposed iteration sequences is showed under standard assumptions imposed on cost mappings in a real Hilbert space. Finally, some numerical experiments demonstrate the reliability and benefits of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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6. Algorithmic and Analytical Approach for a System of Generalized Multi-valued Resolvent Equations-Part I: Basic Theory.
- Author
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BALOOEE, JAVAD and AL-HOMIDAN, SULIMAN
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *LIPSCHITZ continuity , *BANACH spaces , *SEQUENCE analysis , *EQUATIONS - Abstract
The concept of resolvent operator associated with a P-η-accretive mapping is used in constructing of a new iterative algorithm for solving a new system of generalized multi-valued resolvent equations in the framework of Banach spaces. Some definitions along with some new concrete examples are provided. The main result of this paper is to prove the Lipschitz continuity of the resolvent operator associated with a P-η-accretive mapping and to compute an estimate of its Lipschitz constant under some new appropriate conditions imposed on the parameters and mappings involved in it. In part II, the convergence analysis of the sequences generated by our proposed iterative algorithm under some appropriate conditions is studied. The results presented in this paper are new, and improve and generalize many known corresponding results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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7. Solvability and optimal controls of neutral stochastic integro-differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion.
- Author
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Kasinathan, Ravikumar, Kasinathan, Ramkumar, and Sandrasekaran, Varshini
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STOCHASTIC control theory ,AIR traffic control ,BROWNIAN motion ,INTEGRO-differential equations ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
In this article, the authors set up an optimal control of neutral stochastic integro-differential equations (NSIDEs) driven by fractional Brownian motion (fBm) in a Hilbert space by using Grimmer resolvent operators. Sufficient conditions for mild solutions are formulated and proved by using the Banach contraction mapping principle and stochastic analytic techniques. We have extended the problem in [Issaka et al. (2020) Results on nonlocal stochastic integro-differential equations are driven by a fractional Brownian motion. Open Mathematics, 18(1), 1097–1112] to NSIDEs driven by fBm and have used modified techniques to make them compatible with optimal controls of stochastic integro-differential systems. In addition, the optimal control of the proposed problem is presented using Balder's theorem. Such optimal control of NSIDEs with fBm is widely used in automatic control, aircraft and air traffic control, electrical networks, wavelet expansions, etc. Finally, an example illustrates the potential of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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8. On the Properties of a Class of Random Operators.
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Ibragimov, I. A., Smorodina, N. V., and Faddeev, M. M.
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RANDOM operators , *LINEAR operators , *INTEGRAL operators , *PROBABILITY theory , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
We consider random operators arising when one constructs a probabilistic representation of the resolvent of an operator - 1 2 d dx b 2 x d dx + V x . We prove that with probability one these operators are linear integral operators and study properties of their kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Strong Convergence of an Iterative Method for Solving Generalized Mixed Equilibrium Problems and Split Feasibility Problems.
- Author
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Ghadampour, Mostafa, Soori, Ebrahim, Agarwal, Ravi P., and O'Regan, Donal
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METRIC projections , *BANACH spaces , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *NONEXPANSIVE mappings , *POINT set theory , *EQUILIBRIUM - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate iterative methods for solving generalized mixed equilibrium problems, split feasibility problems, and fixed point problems in Banach spaces. We introduce a new extragradient algorithm using the generalized metric projection and prove a strong convergence theorem for finding a common element of the set of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions to the split feasibility problem, the set of fixed points of a resolvent operator, and the set of solutions of the generalized mixed equilibrium problem. The algorithm is analyzed in a real 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth Banach space, taking into account computational errors. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. On temporal regularity and polynomial decay of solutions for a class of nonlinear time‐delayed fractional reaction–diffusion equations.
- Author
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Thu, Tran Thi and Van Tuan, Tran
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *POLYNOMIAL time algorithms , *POLYNOMIALS , *EQUATIONS - Abstract
This paper is devoted to analyzing the regularity in time and polynomial decay of solutions for a class of fractional reaction–diffusion equations (FrRDEs) involving delays and nonlinear perturbations in a bounded domain of Rd$\operatorname{\mathbf {R}}^{d}$. By establishing some regularity estimates in both time and space variables of the resolvent operator, we present results on the Hölder and C1$C^{1}$‐regularity in time of solutions for both time‐delayed linear and semilinear FrRDEs. Based on the aforementioned results, we study the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions to an identification problem subjected to the delay FrRDE and the additional observations given at final time. Furthermore, under quite reasonable assumptions on nonlinear perturbations and the technique of measure of noncompactness, the existence of decay solutions with polynomial rates for the problem under consideration is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Controllability result in α-norm for some impulsive partial functional integrodifferential equation with infinite delay in Banach spaces.
- Author
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Mbainadji, Djendode
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FRACTIONAL powers , *FUNCTIONAL equations , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *INTEGRO-differential equations , *BANACH spaces - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the controllability in the α-norm for some impulsive partial functional integrodifferential equation with infinite delay in Banach space. To do this, we give sufficient conditions ensuring the controllability by assuming that the undelayed part admits a resolvent operator in the sense of Grimmer and that the delayed part is continuous with respect to the fractional power of the generator. The results are obtained by using the Schauder fixed-point theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Existence and exponential stability in pth moment of non-autonomous stochastic integro-differential equations.
- Author
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Thiam, Papa Ali, Diop, Mamadou Abdoul, Kasinathan, Ramkumar, and Kasinathan, Ravikumar
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *EXPONENTIAL stability , *LINEAR equations , *VISCOELASTIC materials , *LINEAR systems - Abstract
This study is concerned with the existence and exponential stability of solutions of non-autonomous neutral stochastic integro-differential equations with delay; the linear part of this equation is dependent on time and generates a linear evolution system. The obtained results are applied to some neutral stochastic integro-differential equations. These kinds of equations arise in systems related to couple oscillators in a noisy environment or in viscoelastic materials under random or stochastic influences. Finally, we provide an example to illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Spectral convergence analysis for the Reissner-Mindlin system in any dimension.
- Author
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Buoso, D. and Ferraresso, F.
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *ELASTIC plates & shells , *EIGENVALUES , *LOGICAL prediction - Abstract
We establish the convergence of the resolvent of the Reissner-Mindlin system in any dimension N ≥ 2 , with any of the physically relevant boundary conditions, to the resolvent of the biharmonic operator with suitably defined boundary conditions in the vanishing thickness limit. Moreover, given a thin domain Ω δ in R N with 1 ≤ d < N thin directions, we prove that the resolvent of the Reissner-Mindlin system with free boundary conditions converges to the resolvent of a suitably defined Reissner-Mindlin system in the limiting domain Ω ⊂ R N − d as δ → 0 +. In both cases, the convergence is in operator norm, implying therefore the convergence of all the eigenvalues and spectral projections. In the thin domain case, we formulate a conjecture on the rate of convergence in terms of δ , which is verified in the case of the cylinder Ω × B d (0 , δ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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14. On the origin of circular rolls in rotor-stator flow.
- Author
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Gesla, A., Duguet, Y., Le Quéré, P., and Martin Witkowski, L.
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REYNOLDS number ,SINGULAR value decomposition ,BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) ,SHEAR flow ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
Rotor-stator flows are known to exhibit instabilities in the form of circular and spiral rolls. While the spirals are known to emanate from a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, the origin of the circular rolls is still unclear. In the present work we suggest a quantitative scenario for the circular rolls as a response of the system to external forcing. We consider two types of axisymmetric forcing: bulk forcing (based on the resolvent analysis) and boundary forcing using direct numerical simulation. Using the singular value decomposition of the resolvent operator the optimal response is shown to take the form of circular rolls. The linear gain curve shows strong amplification at non-zero frequencies following a pseudo-resonance mechanism. The optimal energy gain is found to scale exponentially with the Reynolds number $Re$ (for $Re$ based on the rotation rate and interdisc spacing $H$). The results for both types of forcing are compared with former experimental works and previous numerical studies. Our findings suggest that the circular rolls observed experimentally are the effect of the high forcing gain together with the roll-like form of the leading response of the linearised operator. For high enough Reynolds number it is possible to delineate between linear and nonlinear responses. For sufficiently strong forcing amplitudes, the nonlinear response is consistent with the self-sustained states found recently for the unforced problem. The onset of such non-trivial dynamics is shown to correspond in state space to a deterministic leaky attractor, as in other subcritical wall-bounded shear flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Identification of cross-frequency interactions in compressible cavity flow using harmonic resolvent analysis.
- Author
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Islam, M.R. and Sun, Yiyang
- Subjects
MACH number ,COMPRESSIBLE flow ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,FLOW instability ,FLUID flow - Abstract
The resolvent analysis reveals the worst-case disturbances and the most amplified response in a fluid flow that can develop around a stationary base state. The recent work by Padovan et al. (J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 900, 2020, A14) extended the classical resolvent analysis to the harmonic resolvent analysis framework by incorporating the time-varying nature of the base flow. The harmonic resolvent analysis can capture the triadic interactions between perturbations at two different frequencies through a base flow at a particular frequency. The singular values of the harmonic resolvent operator act as a gain between the spatiotemporal forcing and the response provided by the singular vectors. In the current study, we formulate the harmonic resolvent analysis framework for compressible flows based on the linearized Navier–Stokes equation (i.e. operator-based formulation). We validate our approach by applying the technique to the low-Mach-number flow past an airfoil. We further illustrate the application of this method to compressible cavity flows at Mach numbers of 0.6 and 0.8 with a length-to-depth ratio of $2$. For the cavity flow at a Mach number of 0.6, the harmonic resolvent analysis reveals that the nonlinear cross-frequency interactions dominate the amplification of perturbations at frequencies that are harmonics of the leading Rossiter mode in the nonlinear flow. The findings demonstrate a physically consistent representation of an energy transfer from slow-evolving modes toward fast-evolving modes in the flow through cross-frequency interactions. For the cavity flow at a Mach number of 0.8, the analysis also sheds light on the nature of cross-frequency interaction in a cavity flow with two coexisting resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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16. Sparse space–time resolvent analysis for statistically stationary and time-varying flows.
- Author
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Lopez-Doriga, Barbara, Ballouz, Eric, Bae, H. Jane, and Dawson, Scott T.M.
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SINGULAR value decomposition ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,TURBULENCE ,TURBULENT flow ,CHANNEL flow - Abstract
Resolvent analysis provides a framework to predict coherent spatio-temporal structures of the largest linear energy amplification, through a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the resolvent operator, obtained by linearising the Navier–Stokes equations about a known turbulent mean velocity profile. Resolvent analysis utilizes a Fourier decomposition in time, which has thus far limited its application to statistically stationary or time-periodic flows. This work develops a variant of resolvent analysis applicable to time-evolving flows, and proposes a variant that identifies spatio-temporally sparse structures, applicable to either stationary or time-varying mean velocity profiles. Spatio-temporal resolvent analysis is formulated through the incorporation of the temporal dimension to the numerical domain via a discrete time-differentiation operator. Sparsity (which manifests in localisation) is achieved through the addition of an $l_1$ -norm penalisation term to the optimisation associated with the SVD. This modified optimisation problem can be formulated as a nonlinear eigenproblem and solved via an inverse power method. We first showcase the implementation of the sparse analysis on a statistically stationary turbulent channel flow, and demonstrate that the sparse variant can identify aspects of the physics not directly evident from standard resolvent analysis. This is followed by applying the sparse space–time formulation on systems that are time varying: a time-periodic turbulent Stokes boundary layer and then a turbulent channel flow with a sudden imposition of a lateral pressure gradient, with the original streamwise pressure gradient unchanged. We present results demonstrating how the sparsity-promoting variant can either change the quantitative structure of the leading space–time modes to increase their sparsity, or identify entirely different linear amplification mechanisms compared with non-sparse resolvent analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Existence and Stability of Neutral Stochastic Impulsive and Delayed Integro-Differential System via Resolvent Operator.
- Author
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Khalil, Hamza, Zada, Akbar, Rhaima, Mohamed, and Popa, Ioan-Lucian
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *STOCHASTIC analysis , *INTEGRAL operators , *OPERATOR equations , *STOCHASTIC systems - Abstract
In this paper, we present the existence of a mild solution for a class of a neutral stochastic integro-differential system over a Hilbert space. Such systems are influenced by both multiplicative and fractional noise, alongside non-instantaneous impulses, with a Hurst index H in the interval (1 2 , 1) . Additionally, the systems under consideration feature state-dependent delays (SDDs). To address this, we develop an approach to reformulate the neutral stochastic integro-differential system, incorporating SDDs and non-instantaneous impulses, into an equivalent fixed-point (FP) problem via an appropriate integral operator. By integrating stochastic analysis with the theory of resolvent operators, we employ Banach's FP theorem to establish both the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Furthermore, we explore the Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of the system. Lastly, we provide illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical applicability of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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18. First‐order asymptotic perturbation theory for extensions of symmetric operators.
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Latushkin, Yuri and Sukhtaiev, Selim
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PERTURBATION theory , *PARTIAL differential operators , *SYMMETRIC operators , *DIFFERENTIAL equations , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
This work offers a new prospective on asymptotic perturbation theory for varying self‐adjoint extensions of symmetric operators. Employing symplectic formulation of self‐adjointness, we use a version of resolvent difference identity for two arbitrary self‐adjoint extensions that facilitates asymptotic analysis of resolvent operators via first‐order expansion for the family of Lagrangian planes associated with perturbed operators. Specifically, we derive a Riccati‐type differential equation and the first‐order asymptotic expansion for resolvents of self‐adjoint extensions determined by smooth one‐parameter families of Lagrangian planes. This asymptotic perturbation theory yields a symplectic version of the abstract Kato selection theorem and Hadamard–Rellich‐type variational formula for slopes of multiple eigenvalue curves bifurcating from an eigenvalue of the unperturbed operator. The latter, in turn, gives a general infinitesimal version of the celebrated formula equating the spectral flow of a path of self‐adjoint extensions and the Maslov index of the corresponding path of Lagrangian planes. Applications are given to quantum graphs, periodic Kronig–Penney model, elliptic second‐order partial differential operators with Robin boundary conditions, and physically relevant heat equations with thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Trace regularization problem for a fourth‐order differential operator on separable Banach space.
- Author
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Baksi, Ozlem, Sezer, Yonca, and Caliskan, Seda K.
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BANACH spaces , *HILBERT space , *DIFFERENTIAL operators , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
In this study, we employ new results on the semi‐inner product, the adjoint operator, and the Schatten class of operators on a separable Banach space, which allow us to investigate a differential operator with unbounded operator‐valued coefficients. Specifically, we derive an asymptotic formula for the second regularized trace based on the asymptotic and spectral properties of the extended operator. For this purpose, we use the theory of continuous dense embeddings and known results regarding the regularized trace in Hilbert space. We conclude our paper by providing examples that support our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. NONLINEAR SEMILINEAR INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION EQUATIONS WITH IMPULSIVE EFFECTS.
- Author
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REZOUG, Noreddine, SALIM, Abdelkrim, and BENCHOHRA, Mouffak
- Subjects
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IMPULSIVE differential equations , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *EVOLUTION equations , *BANACH spaces , *INTEGRO-differential equations - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the existence of a piecewise asymptotically almost automorphic mild solution to some classes of integro-differential equations with impulsive effects in Banach space. The working tools are based on the Monch's fixed point theorem, the concept of measures of noncompactness theorem and resolvent operator. In order to illustrate our main results, we study the piecewise asymptotically almost automorphic solution of the impulsive differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Compositions of Resolvents: Fixed Points Sets and Set of Cycles.
- Author
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Alwadani, Salihah Thabet
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *POINT set theory , *NONEXPANSIVE mappings , *MONOTONE operators , *HILBERT space - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the cycles and fixed point sets of compositions of resolvents using Attouch-Théra duality. We demonstrate that the cycles defined by the resolvent operators can be formulated in Hilbert space as solutions to a fixed point equation. Furthermore, we introduce the relationship between these cycles and the fixed point sets of the compositions of resolvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Parameter identification in anomalous diffusion equations with nonlocal conditions and weak-valued nonlinearities.
- Author
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Van Anh, Nguyen Thi and Yen, Bui Thi Hai
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HEAT equation , *EMBEDDING theorems , *PARAMETER identification , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *DIFFERENTIAL equations - Abstract
The paper deals with a source identification problem of the anomalous diffusion equations from nonlocal final data observations where the nonlinearity probably takes values in Hilbert scales. The existence and uniqueness results are proved by establishing some estimates for resolvent operators and using the embedding theorems. We also study regularity results for this equation in terms of the Hölder continuity of mild solutions. Finally, the multi-term fractional diffusion equations with polynomial nonlinearities and the ultra-slow diffusions are considered as illustrative applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. An invitation to resolvent analysis.
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Rolandi, Laura Victoria, Ribeiro, Jean Hélder Marques, Yeh, Chi-An, and Taira, Kunihiko
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LINEAR operators , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *GROUNDWATER flow , *TURBULENT flow , *TRANSFER functions - Abstract
Resolvent analysis is a powerful tool that can reveal the linear amplification mechanisms between the forcing inputs and the response outputs about a base flow. These mechanisms can be revealed in terms of a pair of forcing and response modes and the associated energy gains (amplification magnitude) at a given frequency. The linear relationship that ties the forcing and the response is represented through the resolvent operator (transfer function), which is constructed through spatially discretizing the linearized Navier–Stokes operator. One of the unique strengths of resolvent analysis is its ability to analyze statistically stationary turbulent flows. In light of the increasing interest in using resolvent analysis to study a variety of flows, we offer this guide in hopes of removing the hurdle for students and researchers to initiate the development of a resolvent analysis code and its applications to their problems of interest. To achieve this goal, we discuss various aspects of resolvent analysis and its role in identifying dominant flow structures about the base flow. The discussion in this paper revolves around the compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the most general manner. We cover essential considerations ranging from selecting the base flow and appropriate energy norms to the intricacies of constructing the linear operator and performing eigenvalue and singular value decompositions. Throughout the paper, we offer details and know-how that may not be available to readers in a collective manner elsewhere. Towards the end of this paper, examples are offered to demonstrate the practical applicability of resolvent analysis, aiming to guide readers through its implementation and inspire further extensions. We invite readers to consider resolvent analysis as a companion for their research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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24. Acoustic resolvent analysis of turbulent jets.
- Author
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Bugeat, Benjamin, Karban, Ugur, Agarwal, Anurag, Lesshafft, Lutz, and Jordan, Peter
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COHERENT structures , *TURBULENT jets (Fluid dynamics) , *ULTRASONIC waves , *ACOUSTIC field , *RADIATION , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *JET plane noise - Abstract
We perform a resolvent analysis of a compressible turbulent jet, where the optimisation domain of the response modes is located in the acoustic field, excluding the hydrodynamic region, in order to promote acoustically efficient modes. We examine the properties of the acoustic resolvent and assess its potential for jet-noise modelling, focusing on the subsonic regime. Resolvent forcing modes, consistent with previous studies, are found to contain supersonic waves associated with Mach wave radiation in the response modes. This differs from the standard resolvent in which hydrodynamic instabilities dominate. We compare resolvent modes with SPOD modes educed from LES data. Acoustic resolvent response modes generally have better alignment with acoustic SPOD modes than standard resolvent response modes. For the optimal mode, the angle of the acoustic beam is close to that found in SPOD modes for moderate frequencies. However, there is no significant separation between the singular values of the leading and sub-optimal modes. Some suboptimal modes are furthermore shown to contain irrelevant structure for jet noise. Thus, even though it contains essential acoustic features absent from the standard resolvent approach, the SVD of the acoustic resolvent alone is insufficient to educe a low-rank model for jet noise. But because it identifies the prevailing mechanisms of jet noise, it provides valuable guidelines in the search of a forcing model (Karban et al. in J Fluid Mech 965:18, 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. On the Growth of the Resolvent of a Toeplitz Operator.
- Author
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Golinskii, Leonid, Kupin, Stanislas, and Vishnyakova, Anna
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TOEPLITZ operators ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,POLYNOMIALS ,SIGNS & symbols - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Mathematical Physics, Analysis, Geometry (18129471) is the property of B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics & Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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26. Semiclassical resolvent estimates for matrix Schrödinger operators and applications.
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Assal, Marouane, Miranda, Pablo, and Zerzeri, Maher
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SCHRODINGER operator , *SCATTERING amplitude (Physics) , *RESONANCE , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *MATRICES (Mathematics) - Abstract
We establish semiclassical resolvent estimates for Schrödinger operators with long-range matrix-valued potentials. As an application, we prove a resonance-free domain in trapping situations. These results generalize the well-known results of [4] [N. Burq, Lower bounds for shape resonances widths of long range Schrödinger operators,
Amer. J. Math. 124 (4) (2002) 677–735] in the case of scalar Schrödinger operators. In addition, we give an estimate on the scattering amplitude for Schrödinger operators with compactly supported matrix-valued potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Generalized Split Feasibility Problem: Solution by Iteration.
- Author
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ENYI, CYRIL DENNIS, EZEORA, JEREMIAH NKWEGU, UGWUNNADI, GODWIN CHIDI, NWAWURU, FRANCIS, and MUKIAWA, SOH EDWIN
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MONOTONE operators , *INVERSE problems , *LINEAR operators , *HILBERT space , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *DIFFERENTIAL inclusions - Abstract
In real Hilbert spaces, given a single-valued Lipschitz continuous and monotone operator, we study generalized split feasibility problem (GSFP) over solution set of monotone variational inclusion problem. An inertia iterative method is proposed to solve this problem, by showing that the sequence generated by the iteration converges strongly to solution of GSFP. As against previous methods, our step size is chosen to be simple and not depending on norm of associated bounded linear map as well as Lipschitz constant of the single-valued operator. The obtained result was applied to study split linear inverse problem, precisely, the LASSO problem. Lastly, with the aid of numerical examples, we exhibited efficiency of our algorithm and its dominance over other existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. On the admissibility and input–output representation for a class of Volterra integro-differential systems.
- Author
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Bounit, H. and Tismane, M.
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LINEAR systems , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *HEAT conduction , *BANACH spaces , *GENERALIZATION - Abstract
This article studies a class of controlled–observed Volterra integro-differential systems in the case where the operator of the associated Cauchy problem generates a semigroup on a Banach space, and the integral part is given by a convolution with an L p -admissible observation operators kernel with p ∈ [ 1 , ∞) . Sufficient and/or necessary conditions for L p -admissibility of control and observation operators are given in term of kernels under which L p -admissibility for Volterra integro-differential system follows from that of the corresponding Cauchy system without convolution term. In particular, the results on the equivalence between the finite-time (or infinite-time) L p -admissibility and the uniform L p -admissibility are given for both control and observation operators. Our results are generalization of those known to hold for standard Cauchy problems. Particular attention is paid to the problem of obtaining the input–output representation of such systems, providing a theory which is analogous to Salamon–Weiss for linear systems. We mention that our approach is mainly based on the theory of infinite-dimensional L p -well-posed linear systems in the Salamon–Weiss sense. These results are illustrated by an example involving heat conduction with memory given by some space fractional Laplacian kernel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Observer-Based Feedback-Control for the Stabilization of a Class of Parabolic Systems.
- Author
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Djebour, Imene Aicha, Ramdani, Karim, and Valein, Julie
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RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *COMPACT operators , *SELFADJOINT operators , *LINEAR systems , *MULTIPLICITY (Mathematics) - Abstract
We consider the stabilization of a class of linear evolution systems z ′ = A z + B v under the observation y = C z by means of a finite dimensional control v. The control is based on the design of a Luenberger observer which can be infinite or finite dimensional (of dimension large enough). In the infinite dimensional case, the operator A is supposed to generate an analytical semigroup with compact resolvent and the operators B and C are unbounded operators whereas in the finite dimensional case, A is assumed to be a self-adjoint operator with compact resolvent, B and C are supposed to be bounded operators. In both cases, we show that if (A, B) and (A, C) verify the Fattorini-Hautus Criterion, then we can construct an observer-based control v of finite dimension (greater or equal than largest geometric multiplicity of the unstable eigenvalues of A) such that the evolution problem is exponentially stable. As an application, we study the stabilization of the diffusion system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A study on approximate controllability of linear impulsive equations in Hilbert spaces.
- Author
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Mahmudov, Nazim I.
- Subjects
- *
HILBERT space , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *LINEAR equations - Abstract
In this paper, we study an approximate controllability for the impulsive linear evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. We give a representation of solution in terms of semigroup and impulsive operators. We present the necessary and sufficient conditions for approximate controllability of linear impulsive evolution equation in terms of impulsive resolvent operator. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Generalized variational inclusion: graph convergence and dynamical system approach.
- Author
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Filali, Doaa, Dilshad, Mohammad, and Akram, Mohammad
- Subjects
RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,DYNAMICAL systems ,NONEXPANSIVE mappings ,POINT set theory ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
This work focused on the investigation of a generalized variation inclusion problem. The resolvent operator for generalized η-co-monotone mapping was structured, the Lipschitz constant was estimated and its relationship with the graph convergence was accomplished. An Ishikawa type iterative algorithm was designed by incorporating the resolvent operator and total asymptotically nonexpansive mapping. By employing the novel implication of graph convergence and analyzing the convergence of the considered iterative method, the common solution of the generalized variational inclusion and the set of fixed points of a total asymptotically non-expansive mapping was obtained. Moreover, a generalized resolvent dynamical system was investigated. Some of its attributes were discussed and implemented to examine the considered generalized variation inclusion problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Optimal control results for second‐order semilinear integro‐differential systems via resolvent operators.
- Author
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Singh, Anugrah Pratap, Singh, Udaya Pratap, and Shukla, Anurag
- Subjects
LAGRANGE problem ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,HILBERT space - Abstract
In the framework of a second‐order semilinear integro‐differential control system in Hilbert spaces, the paper provides sufficient conditions for proving the existence of optimal control. The Banach fixed point theorem is used to investigate the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for the proposed problem. Additionally, it is shown that, under specific assumptions, there exists at least one optimal control pair for the Lagrange's problem as presented in the article. An example for validation is included in the paper to further support the theoretical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Approximate controllability for some retarded integrodifferential inclusions using a version of the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem for the multivalued maps.
- Author
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Matloub, Jaouad El and Ezzinbi, Khalil
- Subjects
RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,SET-valued maps ,GENERALIZATION - Abstract
The main goal of this work is to investigate the approximate controllability for a class of non-autonomous delayed integrodifferential inclusions with unbounded delay. Our technique starts with the search for the optimal control for a linear quadratic regulator problem. The existence of such an optimal control aids to establish sufficient conditions insuring our inclusion problem's approximate controllability. The findings we acquired represent a generalization and extension of previous results on this topic. Finally, we present an example to illustrate the abstract theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. On the iterative diagonalization of matrices in quantum chemistry: Reconciling preconditioner design with Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory.
- Author
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Windom, Zachary W. and Bartlett, Rodney J.
- Subjects
- *
PERTURBATION theory , *QUANTUM chemistry , *LANCZOS method , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *MOLECULAR orbitals - Abstract
Iterative diagonalization of large matrices to search for a subset of eigenvalues that may be of interest has become routine throughout the field of quantum chemistry. Lanczos and Davidson algorithms hold a monopoly, in particular, owing to their excellent performance on diagonally dominant matrices. However, if the eigenvalues happen to be clustered inside overlapping Gershgorin disks, the convergence rate of both strategies can be noticeably degraded. In this work, we show how Davidson, Jacobi–Davidson, Lanczos, and preconditioned Lanczos correction vectors can be formulated using the reduced partitioning procedure, which takes advantage of the inherent flexibility promoted by Brillouin–Wigner perturbation (BW-PT) theory's resolvent operator. In doing so, we establish a connection between various preconditioning definitions and the BW-PT resolvent operator. Using Natural Localized Molecular Orbitals (NLMOs) to construct Configuration Interaction Singles (CIS) matrices, we study the impact the preconditioner choice has on the convergence rate for these comparatively dense matrices. We find that an attractive by-product of preconditioning the Lanczos algorithm is that the preconditioned variant only needs 21%–35% and 54%–61% of matrix-vector operations to extract the lowest energy solution of several Hartree–Fock- and NLMO-based CIS matrices, respectively. On the other hand, the standard Davidson preconditioning definition seems to be generally optimal in terms of requisite matrix-vector operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Granger–Johansen representation theorem for integrated time series on Banach space.
- Author
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Howlett, Phil, Beare, Brendan K., Franchi, Massimo, Boland, John, and Avrachenkov, Konstantin
- Subjects
- *
AUTOREGRESSIVE models , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *TIME series analysis , *BANACH spaces , *POLYNOMIALS - Abstract
We prove an extended Granger–Johansen representation theorem (GJRT) for finite‐ or infinite‐order integrated autoregressive time series on Banach space. We assume only that the resolvent of the autoregressive polynomial for the series is analytic on and inside the unit circle except for an isolated singularity at unity. If the singularity is a pole of finite order the time series is integrated of the same order. If the singularity is an essential singularity the time series is integrated of order infinity. When there is no deterministic forcing the value of the series at each time is the sum of an almost surely convergent stochastic trend, a deterministic term depending on the initial conditions and a finite sum of embedded white noise terms in the prior observations. This is the extended GJRT. In each case the original series is the sum of two separate autoregressive time series on complementary subspaces – a singular component which is integrated of the same order as the original series and a regular component which is not integrated. The extended GJRT applies to all integrated autoregressive processes irrespective of the spatial dimension, the number of stochastic trends and cointegrating relations in the system and the order of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Stability and optimal decay rates for abstract systems with thermal damping of Cattaneo’s type.
- Author
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Deng, Chenxi, Han, Zhong-Jie, Kuang, Zhaobin, and Zhang, Qiong
- Subjects
- *
RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *PARTIAL differential equations , *POLYNOMIALS , *SPEED - Abstract
This paper studies the stability of an abstract thermoelastic system with Cattaneo’s law, which describes finite heat propagation speed in a medium. We introduce a region of parameters containing coupling, thermal dissipation, and possible inertial characteristics. The region is partitioned into distinct subregions based on the spectral properties of the infinitesimal generator of the corresponding semigroup. By a careful estimation of the resolvent operator on the imaginary axis, we obtain distinct polynomial decay rates for systems with parameters located in different subregions. Furthermore, the optimality of these decay rates is proved. Finally, we apply our results to several coupled systems of partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Finite-dimensional perturbation of the Dirichlet boundary value problem for the biharmonic equation.
- Author
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Berikkhanova, Gulnaz
- Subjects
- *
BOUNDARY value problems , *MATHEMATICAL physics , *MATHEMATICAL analysis , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *EXISTENCE theorems , *BIHARMONIC equations - Abstract
The biharmonic equation is one of the important equations of mathematical physics, describing the behaviour of harmonic functions in higher-dimensional spaces. The main purpose of this study was to construct a finite-dimensional perturbation for the Dirichlet boundary value problem associated with the biharmonic equation. The methodological basis for this study was an integrated approach that includes mathematical analysis, algebraic methods, operator theory, and the theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a boundary value. The main tool is a finite-dimensional perturbation, which allows for examining the properties and behaviour of boundary value problems in as much detail as possible. In the study, descriptions of correctly solvable internal boundary value problems for a biharmonic equation in non-simply connected domains were considered in detail. The study is also devoted to the search for solutions and the analytical representation of resolvents of boundary value problems for a biharmonic equation in multi-connected domains. Within the framework of the study, theorems and their consequences were proved, and a finite-dimensional perturbation was constructed for the Dirichlet boundary value problem. Analytical representations of resolvents of boundary value problems for a biharmonic equation in multi-connected domains were also obtained. The examination of a finite-dimensional perturbation of the Dirichlet boundary value problem for a biharmonic equation has expanded the understanding of the properties of this equation in various contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Asymptotically almost automorphy for impulsive integrodifferential evolution equations with infinite time delay via Mönch fixed point.
- Author
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Rezoug, Noreddine, Salim, Abdelkrim, and Benchohra, Mouffak
- Subjects
INTEGRO-differential equations ,EVOLUTION equations ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
This research investigates the existence of piecewise asymptotically almost automorphic mild solutions for integrodifferential equations with infinite delay. The existence results are proved by using the Mönch's fixed point theorem, the concept of measures of non-compactness theorem and resolvent operator. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate our obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. 一类中立型随机积微分方程 mild 解的存在性.
- Author
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陈昭先 and 范虹霞
- Subjects
RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,INTEGRO-differential equations ,EXISTENCE theorems ,OPERATOR theory ,MEASURE theory - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The existence of R$$ \mathcal{R} $$‐bounded solution operator for Navier–Stokes–Korteweg model with slip boundary conditions in half space.
- Author
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Inna, Suma
- Subjects
- *
CAPILLARITY , *FOURIER transforms , *ARBITRARY constants , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *VISCOSITY - Abstract
This paper proves the existence of R$$ \mathcal{R} $$‐bounded solution operator families of the resolvent problem of Navier–Stokes–Korteweg model in half‐space (R+N)$$ \left({\mathbf{R}}_{+}^N\right) $$ with slip boundary condition. Especially we investigate the model for arbitrary constant viscosity and capillarity. We employ the R$$ \mathcal{R} $$‐bounded solution operators of the model obtained from the whole space cases and partial Fourier transform techniques to analyze the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. MODIFIED SPLITTING ALGORITHMS FOR APPROXIMATING SOLUTIONS OF SPLIT VARIATIONAL INCLUSIONS IN HILBERT SPACES.
- Author
-
LI-JUN ZHU and YONGHONG YAO
- Subjects
- *
MONOTONE operators , *HILBERT space , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the split variational inclusion problem in Hilbert spaces. A splitting algorithm is constructed for solving the split variational inclusion with the help of self-adaptive techniques. Convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is provided under additional conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Existence and uniqueness study for partial neutral functional fractional differential equation under Caputo derivative.
- Author
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Sene, Ndolane and Ndiaye, Ameth
- Subjects
- *
FRACTIONAL differential equations , *CAPUTO fractional derivatives , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *FUNCTIONAL differential equations - Abstract
The partial neutral functional fractional differential equation described by the fractional operator is considered in the present investigation. The used fractional operator is the Caputo derivative. In the present paper, the fractional resolvent operators have been defined and used to prove the existence of the unique solution of the fractional neutral differential equations. The fixed point theorem has been used in existence investigations. For an illustration of our results in this paper, an example has been provided as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Uniform bounds of families of analytic semigroups and Lyapunov Linear Stability of planar fronts.
- Author
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Latushkin, Yuri and Pogan, Alin
- Subjects
- *
LYAPUNOV stability , *REACTION-diffusion equations , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *BANACH spaces - Abstract
We study families of analytic semigroups, acting on a Banach space, and depending on a parameter, and give sufficient conditions for existence of uniform with respect to the parameter norm bounds using spectral properties of the respective semigroup generators. In particular, we use estimates of the resolvent operators of the generators along vertical segments to estimate the growth/decay rate of the norm for the family of analytic semigroups. These results are applied to prove the Lyapunov linear stability of planar traveling waves of systems of reaction–diffusion equations, and the bidomain equation, important in electrophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Topological Degree via a Degree of Nondensifiability and Applications.
- Author
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Ouahab, Noureddine, Nieto, Juan J., and Ouahab, Abdelghani
- Subjects
- *
TOPOLOGICAL degree , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
The goal of this work is to introduce the notion of topological degree via the principle of the degree of nondensifiability (DND for short). We establish some new fixed point theorems, concerning, Schaefer's fixed point theorem and the nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder type. As applications, we study the existence of mild solution of functional semilinear integro-differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Inverse source problem for the subdiffusion equation on a metric graph.
- Author
-
A. A., Turemuratova
- Subjects
INVERSE problems ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,HEAT equation ,SOBOLEV spaces ,EQUATIONS - Abstract
We investigate the unique solvability of the inverse problem of determining the right-hand side of a diffusion equation under a specific integral overdetermination condition related to time on a metric star graph in Sobolev space. We transform the inverse problem into an operator-based equation and demonstrated the well-defined nature of the corresponding resolvent operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Existence and stability of mild solutions to non autonomous impulsive stochastic neutral integrodifferential equations.
- Author
-
Thiam, Papa Ali, Elbou, Khadi, Abdi, Sidi Ali, and Diop, Mamadou Abdoul
- Subjects
STOCHASTIC analysis ,INTEGRO-differential equations ,RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) ,EXPONENTIAL stability ,HILBERT space - Abstract
The research presented in this article focuses on studying a specific category of impulsive stochastic neutral integrodifferential systems in real Hilbert space. The first step in this process is to derive sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a mild solutions. We obtain our results using Banach's fixed point theorem and various techniques from stochastic analysis. In addition, an investigation of the exponential p-stability of the mild solutions is carried out. For an illustration of how our findings can be used, see the final section of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Semi-uniform stabilization of anisotropic Maxwell's equations via boundary feedback on split boundary.
- Author
-
Skrepek, Nathanael and Waurick, Marcus
- Subjects
- *
MAXWELL equations , *COMPACT operators , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
We regard anisotropic Maxwell's equations as a boundary control and observation system on a bounded Lipschitz domain. The boundary is split into two parts: one part with perfect conductor boundary conditions and the other where the control and observation takes place. We apply a feedback control law that stabilizes the system in a semi-uniform manner without any further geometric assumption on the domain. This will be achieved by separating the equilibriums from the system and show that the remaining system is described by an operator with compact resolvent. Furthermore, we will apply a unique continuation principle on the resolvent equation to show that there are no eigenvalues on the imaginary axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fractional Neutral Integro-Differential Equations with Nonlocal Initial Conditions.
- Author
-
Yuan, Zhiyuan, Wang, Luyao, He, Wenchang, Cai, Ning, and Mu, Jia
- Subjects
- *
INTEGRO-differential equations , *PROBABILITY density function , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
We primarily investigate the existence of solutions for fractional neutral integro-differential equations with nonlocal initial conditions, which are crucial for understanding natural phenomena. Taking into account factors such as neutral type, fractional-order integrals, and fractional-order derivatives, we employ probability density functions, Laplace transforms, and resolvent operators to formulate a well-defined concept of a mild solution for the specified equation. Following this, by using fixed-point theorems, we establish the existence of mild solutions under more relaxed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. On the Convergence of Generalized Pseudo-Spectrum.
- Author
-
Mansouri, M. A., Khellaf, A., and Guebbai, H.
- Subjects
- *
PSEUDOSPECTRUM , *RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) - Abstract
In this paper, we study the convergence of generalized pseudo-spectrum associated with bounded operators in a Hilbert space. We prove that the approximate generalized pseudo-spectrum converges to the exact set under norm convergence. To prove this result, we use the Hausdorff distance and the assumption that the generalized resolvent operator is not constant on any open subset of the generalized resolvent set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. On the Unique Solvability of Nonlocal Problems for Abstract Singular Equations.
- Author
-
Glushak, A. V.
- Subjects
- *
RESOLVENTS (Mathematics) , *OPERATOR equations , *EQUATIONS , *OPERATOR functions - Abstract
Sufficient conditions are given for the unique solvability of nonlocal problems for abstract singular equations that are formulated in terms of the zeros of the modified Bessel function and the resolvent of the operator coefficient of the equations under consideration. Examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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