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This article provides a detailed analysis of the public law regulation of the process of managing nonperforming assets, which pose a serious threat to the stability and efficiency of the Ukrainian banking system. Non-performing assets arising from borrower defaults have a serious negative impact on the financial condition of banks. In particular, they distort the asset structure, deteriorate the quality of loan portfolios, reduce liquidity and capital ratios, and directly threaten the stability of the banking system and the economy as a whole. This paper discusses various ways to address NPLs. Internal methods include loan restructuring, which reduces the financial burden on borrowers and allows banks to receive partial repayments, and bank recapitalization, which increases equity to strengthen the financial base. External instruments include the sale of non-performing assets to third parties, such as specialized firms or investors, which allows banks to reduce risks and secure the management resource s necessary for their core business. One of the important tools mentioned in this article is the creation of resolution banks specializing in the sale of non-performing assets. Such a bank would help to solve the problem of low-quality assets and allow general banking institutions to focus on maintaining stable operations. It also emphasizes the importance of realistic market valuation of non-performing assets to make sound business decisions. This can reduce potential financial losses and improve the overall efficiency of asset management. The study also discusses the need to improve the legal and regulatory framework for managing non-performing assets. The author emphasizes that without adequate legal regulation it is impossible to ensure effective state control and stability of the banking system. The author analyzes foreign experience of stabilizing the banking system during the financial crisis. The author focuses on the creation of "bad" banks - specialized institutions for managing distressed assets. This experience has already been successfully implemented in a number of countries and can become an effective tool for the recovery of the Ukrainian banki ng system. Thus, the article concludes that a comprehensive approach to the resolution of distressed assets using both internal and external instruments, improved legal regulation and the application of international experience can make a significant contribution to the stabilization of the Ukrainian banking system, restoration of its efficiency and public confidence in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the independence day in 1956, the Moroccan State has adopted a considerable number of social housing policies and urban strategies to combat unsanitary housing, particularly in Casablanca. Contrary to all these favourable social housing and urban implementations lacking an appropriate framework in Morocco, these settlements still represent a new chain of serious dilemmas constituted by social and physical problems. This article starts with an overview of the Moroccan governmental post-colonial urban and social housing policies in Casablanca. It aims to evaluate the outcomes of the governmental 'Cities Without Slums' program launched as a strategy of the National Initiative for Human Development upgrading in 2004. Investigating the restructuring on site, rehousing, and resettlement strategies, this article focuses on resettlement implementations by presenting a detailed analysis of the "third-party partner" organization and aims to discuss its social and physical outcomes. Today, social housing concepts as outcomes of post-colonial global penetrations in developing countries in South America and Africa might turn into a generic urban trap, delusion or disappointment for the urban poor. In this context, this study finally includes suggestions regarding the sustainable social housing concepts especially in Casablanca, Morocco by considering and reminding the spatial justice, equity, economy, transparent management, organization, housing diversity and urban identity and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of insolvency practitioners in the corporate restructuring process amidst economic instability and dynamic changes. It highlights the primary tasks of an insolvency practitioner, such as developing a restructuring plan, negotiating with creditors, and overseeing the implementation of measures aimed at restoring the company's solvency. Particular attention is given to the contemporary problems and challenges faced by insolvency practitioners: legislative and regulatory issues, financial and economic problems, interactions with stakeholders, organizational and managerial issues, as well as ethical and moral challenges. It is established that researching these problems is critically important for improving the effectiveness of insolvency practitioners' activities and for developing appropriate regulatory and practical recommendations. This paper analyzes the legislative norms regulating the activities of insolvency practitioners. A review of changes in legal regulations and their impact on the activities of insolvency practitioners is conducted. Criteria for the effectiveness of insolvency practitioners' activities are determined. Successful cases of corporate rehabilitation and the factors influencing their effectiveness are analyzed. The methods and strategies of interaction between insolvency practitioners with creditors and debtors are examined. The problems and conflicts arising in the communication process and ways to resolve them are considered. Approaches to asset management, including the sale of property and cost optimization, are analyzed. Innovative methods of attracting investments and improving the financial condition of a company are discussed. The macroeconomic factors affecting rehabilitation procedures are analyzed. The impact of economic crises, tax policies, and financial regulation on the activities of insolvency practitioners is explored. Ethical standards and principles that insolvency practitioners must adhere to are assessed. Cases of ethical norm violations and their consequences are analyzed. The current trends and technological innovations impacting the activities of insolvency practitioners have been considered, namely: digitization of document management, process automation, analytical tools and big data, blockchain technology, smart contracts, and cybersecurity. Prospects for the development of rehabilitation procedures in the context of digitalization and the use of analytical tools are investiga ted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicidal ideation may be a warning sign for suicide and previous work has indicated a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job loss and job insecurity are potential risk factors for suicidal ideation, but their importance during the pandemic, and the role of organizational changes for suicidal ideation, is unclear. This study examined the association between various experiences associated with job loss and job insecurity during the pandemic and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in Sweden. Methods: The study sample was drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Auxiliary data collections in February 2021 and 2022 assessed exposure to job loss/unemployment, furlough, workplace downsizing, or increased job insecurity versus stable employment and thoughts of suicide or self-harm (PHQ-9) during the pandemic. The analyses were based on 1558 individuals (2 349 observations) participating in either or both waves and who had been working before the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were fitted, including sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems to control for potential confounding. Measures of personality based on a brief version of the Big-Five personality inventory were also added. Results: The results indicated an association between all experiences, except furlough, and thoughts of suicide/self-harm, when adjusting for sex, age, civil status, socioeconomic status and prior mental health (job loss odds ratio (OR) = 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–7.63, downsizing OR = 2.41, CI 1.24–4.70, job insecurity OR = 2.77, CI 1.15–6.67). The associations for job loss and insecurity were attenuated by adjustment for personality, although it remained statistically significant for downsizing. Conclusions: The results suggested a higher risk of suicidal ideation connected with loss of employment and survival of a downsizing, but not a forced reduction in working times/pay during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association for subjective job insecurity was less robust and may be partly explained by personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses the urgency of legal reform related to the restructuring of non-legal entity companies, such as trading businesses (UD), partnerships, and commandite partnerships (CV). The study highlights the legal uncertainties faced by these entities, which hinder their ability to adapt to market dynamics, access financial resources, and engage in strategic restructuring actions like mergers, acquisitions, and separations. Using a normative legal research method, this study analyzes existing legislative frameworks, including overlaps between the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises Law (UU UMKM) and the Job Creation Law, which create significant challenges for non-legal entities. The findings reveal that the absence of clear legal guidelines for restructuring leads to hesitancy in strategic decision-making and restricts these entities from accessing vital investment opportunities. The research concludes that comprehensive legal reform is essential to provide clear, specific regulations, establish structured partnerships, and create a conducive business environment for non-legal entities. These reforms will empower businesses to innovate, compete, and sustain growth while enhancing their overall market competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates control constructions in the Niger-Congo language Wolof, which offers several insights into the phenomenon of control. First, I show that one and the same predicate can take infinitival complements of different sizes, giving additional suport to the claims in Wurmbrand (2014c, 2015), Wurmbrand and Lohninger (2023). Next, I present arguments in favor of Grano's (2012, 2015) claim that Exhaustive Control (EC) and Partial Control (PC) are derived via different strategies, specifically, that EC is the result of movement (Hornstein 1999 et seq.). Control in Wolof is only exhaustive, both with cross-linguistically typical EC predicates and with typical PC predicates, and, notably, all control constructions in Wolof restructure, and all control verbs are monotransitive, properties that usually characterize EC, but not PC predicates. This confirms a correlation between EC, restructuring, and monotransitivity argued for by Cinque (2004, 2006) and Grano (2012, 2015). While Cinque's and Grano's approaches treat EC predicates as functional verbs, I argue that this bundle of properties cannot be a simple consequence of monoclausal syntax and propose that movement of the subject from the infinitival into the matrix clause must be available in bi-clausal constructions as well, supporting the view that at least one type of control is derived via movement, and does not involve PRO. An additional argument for this claim comes from ditransitive verbs: I show that Wolof does not have object control, and attribute this property to the larger size of infinitival complements in ditransitive constructions, resulting in the subject movement into the higher clause being impeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies exploring the mechanisms by which organisational changes may impact health outcomes are lacking. The objectives of the study were to examine the prospective associations of organisational changes with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors. The study was based on the prospective data of the national French working conditions survey collected in 2013, 2016, and 2019. The study sample included 5200 employees working in the private sector. A large set of organisational changes and psychosocial work factors were collected from employers and employees respectively. Multilevel mixed-effects robust Poisson regression models were used. Organisational changes were prospectively associated with the deterioration of psychosocial work factors related to job insecurity, role stressors, and job demands. The strongest prospective association was found between downsizing and the increase in job insecurity. The associations between organisational changes and health outcomes may be mediated by psychosocial work factors.

Abstract Background Suicidal ideation may be a warning sign for suicide and previous work has indicated a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job loss and job insecurity are potential risk factors for suicidal ideation, but their importance during the pandemic, and the role of organizational changes for suicidal ideation, is unclear. This study examined the association between various experiences associated with job loss and job insecurity during the pandemic and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in Sweden. Methods The study sample was drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Auxiliary data collections in February 2021 and 2022 assessed exposure to job loss/unemployment, furlough, workplace downsizing, or increased job insecurity versus stable employment and thoughts of suicide or self-harm (PHQ-9) during the pandemic. The analyses were based on 1558 individuals (2 349 observations) participating in either or both waves and who had been working before the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were fitted, including sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems to control for potential confounding. Measures of personality based on a brief version of the Big-Five personality inventory were also added. Results The results indicated an association between all experiences, except furlough, and thoughts of suicide/self-harm, when adjusting for sex, age, civil status, socioeconomic status and prior mental health (job loss odds ratio (OR) = 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–7.63, downsizing OR = 2.41, CI 1.24–4.70, job insecurity OR = 2.77, CI 1.15–6.67). The associations for job loss and insecurity were attenuated by adjustment for personality, although it remained statistically significant for downsizing. Conclusions The results suggested a higher risk of suicidal ideation connected with loss of employment and survival of a downsizing, but not a forced reduction in working times/pay during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association for subjective job insecurity was less robust and may be partly explained by personality.

Times were turbulent for Magdeburg City Library after reunification. On the one hand, the dilapidated library infrastructure meant that cultural opportunities (e. g., funding) had to be seized quickly, but at the same time staff always had to be 'taken along' with all the innovations. The real upheaval was the construction of the new central library, which, however, was accompanied by a radical reduction in the branch network that had been extensive during the GDR era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on senior leadership in higher education systems is urgently needed, particularly in the context of system‐wide transformations. This study focuses on a critical juncture in Ireland, during which Institutes of Technology (IoTs) collaborated to undergo 'redesignation' as Technological Universities (TUs). Based on interviews with the fourteen presidents of the IoTs, this research employs the Community of Practice framework to analyse their interactions, strategies, and approaches to a policy‐initiated, systemic change. Despite decades of pervasive competition, these senior leaders formed a community of practice as they worked collectively to achieve the common goal of TU status. Four key themes emerged: Embracing a more expansive external role; Acknowledging obstacles to collective leadership; Forming groups, collaborating and competing; and Leading calmly and fostering unity. The findings of this study advance our understanding of three interconnected fields: senior leadership practices in higher education, the interplay of collaboration and competition in higher education; and the facilitation of policy‐induced systemic change within higher education systems. Our findings have significant implications for institutional leaders, policymakers and scholars aiming to comprehend and improve leadership practices in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars propose that future research on real options theory should shift attention away from option buying during the first investment stage and toward option execution after investment. Researchers maintain that it would be interesting to explore the circumstances under which investors decide to withdraw their investments, thereby exercising the option to abandon their investments. The present research seeks to fill the gap in the literature and investigate the applicability of real options theory when an organization enhances sustainability policies while focusing on disciplined capital allocation through exit strategies. With case study data on Natura &Co's divestment strategy for the Body Shop in November 2023, a real options analysis revealed the method's practical advantages and disadvantages. This paper investigates real options theory in the context of the divestments of foreign affiliates, providing unique viewpoints and enhancing the theory beyond previous knowledge while also increasing our understanding of the divestiture phenomenon. This study concludes with a review of this paper's theoretical contributions to real options theory, the managerial and practical/social implications of real options applications in general, and the valuation methods of abandonment options in particular, shedding light on the potential of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Human & Work / İş ve İnsan Dergisi is the property of Mugla Sitki Kocman Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical for electrochemical water splitting to generate hydrogen, which is a clean fuel for sustainable energy conversion and storage. Among the emerging OER catalysts, transition metal dichalcogenides have exhibited superior activity compared to commercial standards such as RuO2, but inferior stability due to uncontrolled restructuring with OER. In this study, we create bimetallic sulfide catalysts by adapting the atomic ratio of Ni and Co in CoxNi1‐xSy electrocatalysts to investigate the intricate restructuring processes. Surface‐sensitive X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bulk‐sensitive X‐ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the favorable restructuring of transition metal sulfide material following OER processes. Our results indicate that a small amount of Ni substitution can reshape the Co local electronic structure, which regulates the restructuring process to optimize the balance between OER activity and stability. This work represents a significant advancement in the development of efficient and noble metal‐free OER electrocatalysts through a doping‐regulated restructuring approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the application of cost reduction managerial strategies in Chinese government agencies to understand their contributions to the literature of government reform. The study first provides a review of studies on the Chinese government reforms and in three cost reduction managerial strategies: laying-off employees, merging units, and targeting hidden costs. It then explains the research data and analytical techniques used to compare the importance and implementation of the three strategies and test the influence of personal and organizational factors to the strategies. The study concludes with discussions about lessons from the Chinese reform and implications for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of the tax system with business entities was an area of academic research for Professor C John Taylor, especially the tax treatment of companies and trusts, and the influence of the tax impost on these. This article reports a study of 48 advisors in the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and explores the factors that may inhibit SMEs from structuring, as well as the techniques used to reduce these inhibitors. The results demonstrate that advisors perceive transfer costs of capital gains tax and stamp duty as major inhibitors, but they are able to use mechanisms to reduce them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine and the resurgence of the Middle East conflict, government measures to support the economy have intervened massively in economic activity and thus influenced the real insolvency situation. This situation creates disruptive conditions in insolvency counselling and requires comprehensive risk management for the strategic safeguarding of internal processes in insolvency counselling companies. Despite a number of academic articles that address a lack of risk awareness in insolvency counselling, there have been no valid statistical surveys on this topic to date. The topic has also been largely ignored in practice. This article presents a study that examines risk management in insolvency advisory companies in the context of government intervention in the global economy from 2020 to 2023. The aim of the research is to assess the necessity and existence of risk management in these companies. A survey of 350 insolvency advisors was conducted between March and April 2024, from which 113 complete data sets could be analysed. The central hypothesis of the research study is that a significant majority of insolvency advisory companies have insufficient risk awareness and do not implement comprehensive risk management strategies. The survey results confirm that risk management is rarely practised and that a well-founded risk awareness is lacking in most consulting companies. It is noteworthy that two-thirds of those surveyed consider the benefits of risk management to be low, although more than half of those surveyed recognise increased risks due to government crisis measures. Ultimately, this study concludes with a recommendation that a standardised EU insolvency regulation could offer the greatest benefits for the insolvency sector, as it would simplify risk management for consultants in all member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the production of numerically-quantified phrases (NQPs) by monolingual and bilingual speakers of Russian, with Hebrew as the dominant language for the latter group. Russian NQPs exhibit a complex system of noun forms, distinguishing between singular (odin gorod 'one city'), paucal (dva goroda 'two cities'), and plural (pjat' gorodov 'five cities'); the endings of paucal and plural nouns vary depending on nominal declension class, which in turn correlates with gender. Adult and child bilinguals dominant in Hebrew (n = 37 and n = 27, respectively) were compared to monolingual Russian-speaking controls (n = 21 and n = 20, respectively). Production data were collected using a numeral-noun elicitation task, which involved eliciting 24 numerical phrases manipulated for gender (masculine, feminine) and number (paucal, plural). Compared to the monolingual controls, the bilinguals showed lower accuracy, with oversuppliance of nominative plural endings and overtly marked genitive plural endings. These non-target responses indicate the reliance on default forms and phonetically salient inflections, confirming that these factors influence non-target attainment in bilingual (heritage) grammars. The amount of exposure to Russian (as measured by age of bilingualism onset and proficiency) influenced performance significantly, underscoring the role of input in shaping bilingual grammars. The production of NQPs by Hebrew-dominant Russian speakers was similar to that by English-dominant Russian speakers as reported in previous studies, which may appear surprising given that Hebrew is characterized by richer morphology than English, and that may play a role in the maintenance of morphology in the weaker language. We offer some considerations for this lack of effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full-scale war in Ukraine had a significant impact on the business environment. Modern enterprises operate under high uncertainty, significant variability, and unpredictability of the surrounding factors. Within the financial and economic crises, inflationary processes and problems with payment discipline further complicate their economic situation. According to FinStream research, the war dealt a devastating blow to Ukrainian businesses, which operated in survival mode in 2022; the losses of SMEs amounted to more than 83 billion US dollars. In 2023, on average, about 17,000 business companies closed down within a month. It is evident that it is necessary to adapt or create entirely new business management standards in such conditions. Among the methods used to optimize business processes, restructuring occupies a special place today. This process is complex and multifaceted, and it is triggered by changes in the enterprise's external and internal environments. Objective. It is about the theoretical generalization of scientific approaches to the content and role of restructuring as a strategy for changes in the activities of modern enterprises and the development of methodological recommendations for implementing enterprise restructuring processes in martial law conditions in Ukraine. Methods. The most important goals of enterprise restructuring can be the following: improving the balance sheet of the enterprise by removing unprofitable divisions from the main activity; staff reduction by closing or selling an unprofitable part; introducing changes in corporate governance (share capital, forms, and structure of ownership, etc.); disposal of unused assets - brands to patent rights; transfer of operations; reorganization of marketing, sales, and distribution functions; renegotiation of labor contracts to reduce overhead costs; debt refinancing to minimize interest payments; conducting public relations campaigns, in general, to change its position and reputation among consumers. Results. Aspects of the restructuring of domestic enterprises are proposed, which may vary depending on specific conditions and goals of restructuring, as well as on the field of research and specific interests of researchers. Considering the current trends related to the economic, political, and socio-cultural situation in Ukraine, it is proposed to generalize the trends towards restructuring enterprises, which reflect the attempts of domestic enterprises to adapt to the modern business environment and ensure stability and prosperous development under challenging conditions. External global factors of change and intra-organizational irritants, which cause the need to develop a strategy for restructuring enterprises in Ukraine, are determined. Scientific novelty. A step-by-step implementation of the enterprise restructuring process is proposed based on diagnosing competitive potential and ensuring the enterprise's competitiveness as a whole. Practical significance. For the successful implementation of structural changes, a part of which will be the actual restructuring process, the "Business Transformation Model" is proposed for use

Embedded questions (EQs) are islands for filler–gap dependency formation in English, but not in Norwegian. Kush and Dahl (2022) found that first language (L1) Norwegian participants often accepted filler–gap dependencies into EQs in second language (L2) English, and proposed that this reflected persistent transfer from Norwegian of the functional structure that licenses such filler–gap dependencies. However, their results do not conclusively establish that the judgment patterns were specific to transfer from L1 Norwegian and not a general L2 effect. To address this issue, we conducted elicited production tasks comparing how L1 Norwegian and L1 Swedish speakers complete dependencies into declarative complement clauses and EQs both in their native languages and L2 English. Despite its similarity to Norwegian, Swedish prohibits the filler–gap dependency into EQs that Norwegian allows. We expected participants to complete dependencies that they considered grammatical with gaps and to avoid gaps where they considered them ungrammatical. Our results clearly indicate transfer: L1 Norwegian participants overwhelmingly used gaps when completing dependencies into EQs in both L1 and L2, whereas Swedish participants almost never used gaps in either language. We interpret our results as support for models that allow transfer of functional heads and their associated features from L1 to L2, and suggest that such transfer persists when the L2 input does not provide relevant evidence for restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Barosu Dergileri is the property of Ankara Bar Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the procedure for restructuring debts of an individual in the process of bankruptcy. It is noted that the relevance of this article in the context of the procedure for restructuring the debts of an individual in the process of bankruptcy is determined by the need to understand and develop mechanisms that will allow debtors with financial difficulties to receive effective support and preserve their rights during such procedures. On the basis of judicial practice, it is determined that the restructuring of the debtor’s debts is the first, mandatory and priority stage of the case of insolvency of a natural person, in which the debtor can exercise the right to change the method and order of debt payment, taking into account his objective capabilities and desire to settle with by creditors, having guarantees of leaving part of the income to meet household needs and can receive forgiveness (write-off) of creditor claims or part of them The mechanism of drawing up a plan for restructuring the debts of an individual is analyzed. It was concluded that the restructuring of the debts of an individual is the optimal way to end the bankruptcy case both for the individual and for his creditors, since his solvency is restored and debts are repaid. The procedure for restructuring the debts of an individual will be implemented on the condition that the debtor implements the restructuring plan on time and in full. Based on the analysis of judicial practice and legislation, including European countries, it is proposed to implement out-of-court debt restructuring of an individual, namely the approval of a restructuring plan based on a settlement agreement between an individual and creditors. It is argued that a general retreat from excessive formality and burdensome procedures in restructuring the debts of individuals in Ukraine can contribute to improving the efficiency of this process and protecting the interests of all parties. Such implementation will help to improve the efficiency and accessibility of the debt restructuring procedure of natural persons in Ukraine, contributing to solving financial difficulties of citizens and ensuring the stability of the country’s financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to globalisation, but also to free movement, an international element is emerging in many insolvency proceedings dealing with the debtor's insolvency and its resolution. The authors of the article examine the legal framework that is applied when the international element has a relationship with the countries of the European Union and the legal framework that is applied when the international element has a relationship with countries that are not members of the European Union. In such cases, the legal regulation used is different. The paper sets out its common features and differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Series of the Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov ENU is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Italo-Greek is characterized by a general retreat of infinitival complementation, it partly preserves the infinitive in restructuring contexts: a handful of functional auxiliaries—in an overt or covert form—allow for infinitival complements, with which they enter in a monoclausal union. Such a preservation also triggers consequences for finite complementation. Indeed, those predicates that still select for infinitival complements may lack finite complementation, resulting in only the lexical embedded verb surfacing instead of the complex sentence AUX + na + finite verb: δen du ékame típote 'he could not do anything to him' (lit. 'he did not do anything to him'). I claim that such an absence—which gives rise to a semantic or even a syntactic gap—depends on the effects of the restructuring rule, which creates a high level of dependency and interlacing between the matrix and embedded verbs. When finite complements gradually replaced infinitival ones, though only sporadically, some predicates stopped selecting for finite complements, ultimately depriving the sentence of modal and other functional specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new technological paradigm coupled with a powerful wave of deregulation and liberalisation that was unleashed worldwide from the 1980s onwards acted as a catalyst for profound transformation in the telecommunications equipment industry, which was dominated at the time by large multinational corporations. These developments, in turn, led to worldwide restructuring in the sector. The present paper hypothesises that the sector's oligopolistic structure remained, but that it did so under the leadership of new global players that sought to impose their strategies in response to the prevailing conditions. The paper also aims to explain the reasons for the global restructuring in the sector by looking at the strategies, choices, and decisions of the involved multinationals from the viewpoint of the nation-state. Based on the assumption that a separate analysis of one national unit can help to understand the process as a whole, the paper draws on primary sources to describe and analyse the adjustment path within Standard Eléctrica, a Spanish subsidiary first of IT&T and then of Alcatel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue du Financier is the property of Societe Cybel and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How do owners of family firm portfolios restructure poorly performing firms? To answer this question, we conducted an in-depth qualitative case-study analysis of six poorly performing family portfolio firms, on the basis of 39 interviews, 117 pieces of archival data, and observations we gathered over 2 years. Drawing upon the socioemotional wealth (SEW) perspective and escalation-of-commitment literature, we suggest that family firm owners initially show refraining behaviors toward restructuring their poorly performing portfolio firms. Subsequently, they exhibit escalating behaviors by first investing and then reshuffling assets, to safeguard firm-level SEW. Yet, when retaining these poorly performing firms threatens the existence of the remaining portfolio and, thus, portfolio-level SEW, family firm owners exhibit de-escalating behaviors by divesting. Preferably, they attempt a sale and, when a sale is no longer an option, a liquidation. We developed a model that contributes to a more granular theoretical understanding of the family firm's restructuring behavior, in the context of portfolio entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science is the property of Bingol University Journal of Economics & Administrative Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper proposes a formal analysis of two displacement phenomena in Mandarin Chinese, namely inner topicalisation and focus fronting, capturing their correlational relationships with control and complementation. It examines a range of relevant data, including corpus examples, to derive empirical generalisations. Acceptability-judgment tasks, followed by mixed-effects statistical models, were conducted to provide additional evidence. This paper presents a constraint-based lexicalist proposal that is couched in the framework of Lexical- Functional Grammar (LFG). The lexicon plays an important role in regulating the behaviour of complementation verbs as they participate in the displacement phenomena. Unlike previous analyses that cast inner topicalisation and focus fronting as restructuring phenomena, this lexicalist proposal does not rely on hypothesised clause-size differences. It captures the empirical properties more accurately and accounts for a wider range of empirical patterns. Adopting the formally explicit framework of LFG, this proposal uses constraints that have mathematical precision. The constraints are computationally implemented using the grammar engineering tool Xerox Linguistic Environment, safeguarding their precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Shear affects simultaneous aggregation and fragmentation of fine particles. Understanding the effect of shear on the dynamics of particle aggregation and break-up is important to predict aggregate size and structure. It is hypothesized that there is a transition from pure breakage of large aggregates to regimes where restructuring and aggregation also play a role as aggregates become smaller. Here, aggregation and fragmentation dynamics of alumina particles are investigated under laminar shear flow using Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The effect of the shear rate on the aggregation and breakage rates is quantified accounting for particle–particle and particle–fluid interactions. High shear rates promote the formation of small, compact aggregates. The collision efficiency decreases with increasing shear rate following a power law for shear rates higher than 1250 s−1. The transition from the pure breakage limit to the region dominated by breakage and restructuring has been observed for the first time. The breakage rate decreases significantly as the transition occurs upon decreasing aggregate size. CFD-DEM-derived collision efficiency and breakage rate equations are proposed that can be readily employed in detailed population balance equation models for industrial particle process design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key process during acquisition is restructuring, such as the assignment of new functions to forms with a prior function or the integration of new forms/functions, which can all result in nonlinear development (Bardovi-Harlig, 2017; Ellis & Wulff, 2020). Critically, restructuring also contributes to the notion of multicompetence and subtle morphosyntactic changes for multicompetent language users (Cook, 2020), especially when considering the same language users over multiple data collections (given the dynamic nature of multicompetence) and when considering learner grammars in their own right (rather than compared to those of native speakers; Cook, 1997). This study analyzes 18 intermediate-level learners of Spanish through an oral personal prompt production task over three elicitation periods. Restructuring demonstrated in the reduction in use of an emerging form (i.e., the morphological future) reveals a principled restriction on the form according to temporal distance, consistent with the increased second-language sensitivity to independent linguistic variables documented for numerous structures (e.g., Gudmestad & Geeslin, 2013; Kanwit, 2017). Thus, we consider the notions of U-shaped development and restructuring not only in their typical linkages to overall rates of use but also to the effects of independent (extra)linguistic factors. We aim to demonstrate that restructuring occurs across overall rates of use and the roles of independent predictors, that these changes are revealed over time, and that a study that does not allow for necessary observation over time might miss the opportunity to document such acquisition in progress, potentially underreporting important elements of language users’ evolving multicompetence.

The aim of this study is to make a specific proposal regarding the capacity of trade unions to represent the interests of all workers in company restructuring operations. We will particularly refer to the case of companies that do not have workers’ representatives; when a restructuring is going to happen in a company, the Spanish Law requires a period of bargaining; and it is difficult to share that workers, in an individual point of view, can bargain in name of other workers; even if he/she has been elected for this occasion. The method used in this work is focussed in a comparison between the rules trade unions have to negotiate and the treatment of trade unions as representatives of workers in the field of the conflict and the strike.

Since its adoption, the UN Convention on Mediation has been signed by 58 states. It provides an important legal framework for resolving commercial disputes and allows for the cross-border enforcement of such agreements. The less formal, less expensive, and more confidential nature of the process makes its use even more attractive to potential parties compared to other instruments. Once a settlement agreement is reached, the Convention also enables the parties to enforce it without the need for complex recognition proceedings. Due to these characteristics, mediation can be used as an instrument for restructuring and preventing insolvency. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the advantages of using mediation in cross-border restructuring under the rules set by the UN Convention on Mediation. The authors analyze the application of mediation agreements in practice throughout each stage of the process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of mediation and their effects on cross-border restructuring proceedings. This paper employs dogmatic, normative, comparative, and case study methods.