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1. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genotypic profiling among Proteus mirabilis isolated from three sources (poultry farms, slaughterhouses and retail markets) in the poultry production chain in Zhejiang Province, China, to assess its potential risk to public health.2. A total of 112 P. mirabilis strains were isolated from 409 samples, including 35 from poultry farms, 35 from slaughterhouses and 42 from retail markets. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using 18 antimicrobials in 9 categories, in which 110 (98.2%) strains were considered multidrug-resistant (MDR). These strains carried numerous antimicrobial resistance genes, with the sulphonamide resistance gene (sul1) having the highest rate (100%) and the polymyxin resistance gene (mcr-1) the lowest (3.6%).3. These isolates were validated to carry virulence genes pmfA, mrpA, atfC, rsbA, atfA, ureC and ucaA with the high prevalence of 96.4, 92.9, 92.0, 85.7, 85.7, 57.1 and 46.4%, respectively. Genotyping results using the ERIC-PCR indicated that the genetic similarity of all the isolates was 68.6% to 100% which fell into 4 clusters.4. The P. mirabilis isolates from the slaughterhouses exhibited higher levels of antibiotic resistance and a more pronounced MDR phenomenon than those from poultry farms and retail markets. The proportion of isolates carrying the most commonly detected resistant and virulence genes was higher in samples from poultry farms and slaughterhouses as opposed to retail markets. Importantly, there was genetic similarity and heterogeneity among P. mirabilis isolates from the three sources and genotypic diversity was the highest among isolates from retail markets, followed by slaughterhouses and poultry farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the Government of Canada legalized non-medicinal cannabis use/consumption on October 17, 2018, licensed private cannabis retailers have faced numerous challenges. These challenges negatively impacted retail operations and potentially undermined public health and safety. We aimed to identify these challenges to inform policy decisions. Methods: We conducted a quantitative news media content analysis using Nexis Uni and Eureka databases to identify articles from Canada's highest-circulating newspapers and CBC News website from 2017 to 2022, referencing at least one barrier to private cannabis retailers. We screened and extracted data using Covidence and deductively coded the data using our newly developed comprehensive cannabis retail framework and inductively as new themes emerged. The barriers identified in the media were quantified through descriptive analyses. Results: The search yielded 9,371 articles, of which 307 relevant articles were included. The main findings revealed that the barriers most commonly reported by the media were related to government regulations, supply chain, and competitors. The salience of these barriers also changed over time. These barriers were most frequently mentioned in the Globe and Mail, Calgary Herald, Toronto Star, and the National Post. Conclusion: Our framework was suitable for describing the data and identifying several media-portrayed barriers to private cannabis retail operations in Canada and how they differed in salience over time. However, a more in-depth understanding of the barriers from retailers' perspectives may further support the government's policy agenda of achieving public health and safety. The results from this study may also serve as a baseline measure to evaluate Canada's cannabis retail market and provide new insights into the growing body of literature about the cannabis retail market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios de la Gestión is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Olsztyn Economic Journal is the property of Olsztyn Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The market model of the Russian power industry that currently exists is facing trends and challenges, such as rising electricity prices for end-consumers, rising tariffs for power transmission services and sales mark-ups, the complexity and high cost of technological connection to power grids and capacity expansion, as well as increase in cross-subsidisation.At the same time, the energy industry is influenced by external factors caused by a number of technological changes that have matured in Russia and in the world, such as the transition from electric energy production at large power plants to the use of distributed generators (including those using renewable energy sources (RES), an increase in the final price on electricity due to growth in demand, as well as the transformation of the spread and reduction in the cost of generator techniques with the use of renewable energy sources, technologies for energy storage systems, as well as the development of smart metering systems.In turn, cutting-edge technologies of the electric power industry not only lead to positive economic effects when implemented separately, they reveal the fullest range of effects and lead to the emergence of new models of interaction in the retail market if their interaction is coordinated by Industry 4.0 digital technologies. Thus, the combined influence of digital transition technologies in the electric power industry forms the prerequisites for the emergence of a new type of consumer of electric power – an active consumer.The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors influencing the adoption of these technologies by retail market entities and the effectiveness of their implementation, as well as the formation of a target retail market concept that takes into account the introduction of active consumers and has the potential to create direct and indirect economic effects for energy industry entities.

Abstract Interest in retail seafood sales increased dramatically with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The diversity of species, types of products, product forms, and packaging of the seafood sold at retail, combined with diverse consumer preferences across the United States, requires detailed data and analysis to provide guidance and understanding of emerging trends. Weekly, store‐based, Nielsen Scantrack data for the period of September 2016 through August 2021 were used to compare trends in US retail (supermarket) seafood sales across the 5‐year study period, in continental regions, cities, and species categories sold. Results showed continuous increases in retail seafood sales over the study period at an average annual growth rate of 8.1%, much of which was fueled by the 21% increase in total sales (19.5% increase in quantity sold) the first year after the onset of the pandemic. The South Atlantic region was found to have the greatest total sales and sales per capita among regions. New York City had the greatest total seafood sales, followed by Los Angeles and Philadelphia. The top five most important species categories in terms of sales were, in declining order, shrimp, salmon, tuna, crab, and tilapia, although regional variability became apparent from the fourth‐ranked species. The most important package sizes were 454‐ and 907‐g packs. Frozen and refrigerated categories dominated sales (70% in 2021), with little growth in entrées and a decline in market share of shelf‐stable seafood products in 2021. Retail supermarket seafood sales increased dramatically following the onset of the pandemic, with especially notable percentage increases in lobster (77%) and crab sales (70%) and the lowest percentage increases in tuna (1%) and tilapia (13%). Given that US per capita seafood consumption did not show a corresponding increase over the study period, study results likely indicate a shift to greater relative consumption at home and not an overall increase in US seafood sales.

The energy market design is changing to enable distribution-level transactions in smart cities, encouraging end-users to participate efficiently in the market. The Transactive Energy (TE) concept opens the floor for a new market settlement philosophy that can benefit the end-user and Distributed Generators (DGs). The bidding of the customers in the distribution level market raises many concerns in the latest reports due to many factors (e.g., lack of information about the participant’s flexibility). This paper proposes a non-intrusive bidding strategy to enhance the accuracy of the household’s participation in the transactive electricity market. The proposed model utilizes the historical household user energy consumption to build the thermal model and develop the bidding strategy. The proposed approach examines the bidding in the context of user preferences of the total consumption, time at bidding, day of bidding, and ambient temperature. The results prove that the proposed strategy can significantly improve the flexibility’s recognition of the customers’ participation in the transactive market. Finally, the efficacy of the bidding method is examined via numerical analysis of actual data.

Farm-raised catfish is the largest U.S. aquaculture industry. Over the years, the ingenuity of catfish processors has made catfish products available all over the U.S. including globally competitive retail marketplaces. U.S catfish products face stiff competition from Vietnamese swai products in these diverse markets. This work elucidates the detailed nascent retail trends for U.S. catfish and swai products by evaluating weekly, store-based, AC Nielsen ScanTrack data from September 2016 through August 2021. The five-year analysis compares retail sales of U.S. catfish and swai products across national, regional, and city levels while providing key trends in product forms, quantities sold, promotional patterns, and price information. Results indicated an average annual growth rate of retail sales of 5.8% for U.S. catfish and 0.7% for swai. The South Central region had the greatest total retail sales for both U.S. catfish and swai products. Dallas/Fort Worth had the greatest total retail seafood sales for U.S. catfish products, followed by Chicago and St. Louis. Los Angeles was the most important city for retail swai sales. The 454-g U.S. catfish packs had a share of 77 and 68% in terms of volume and revenue while the same pack for swai had 48 and 28% volume and revenue shares. Frozen and refrigerated products dominated sales for both products in 2021. Swai products were characteristically priced lower than U.S. catfish products across all regions, cities, and study years, especially for larger packs. The study revealed the shift to increase at-home consumption of these two products during the pandemic years that have been reported for other seafood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the distribution system operator (DSO) framework, there could be alternative arrangements to enable market participation by all entities, including the privately owned distributed energy resources (DERs). In many cases, the retailers and similar aggregating agencies facilitate this. Even before finalizing the modalities of the market at the distribution level, it is essential to know about the possible market outcome and its impact on the operational decisions of DSO and vice-versa. This paper presents a simulation framework and associated case studies, where the market outcome and DSO’s operational activities are carried out in tandem to establish a realistic and feasible outcome. The market model is represented by a non-cooperative game where an efficient and fair solution is obtained using Nash equilibrium. For this, multi-player power transaction problem (MPTP) is solved using complementarity modeling. The proposed MPTP is further compounded with network reconfiguration and loss considerations which are the part of DSO’s operations. The inclusion of reconfiguration and loss allocation to entities makes the outcome realistic and feasible one. The proposed simulation framework is implemented on various test cases with a heterogeneous set of participants to establish its effectiveness.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Interest in retail seafood sales increased dramatically with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The diversity of species, types of products, product forms, and packaging of the seafood sold at retail, combined with diverse consumer preferences across the United States, requires detailed data and analysis to provide guidance and understanding of emerging trends. Weekly, store‐based, Nielsen Scantrack data for the period of September 2016 through August 2021 were used to compare trends in US retail (supermarket) seafood sales across the 5‐year study period, in continental regions, cities, and species categories sold. Results showed continuous increases in retail seafood sales over the study period at an average annual growth rate of 8.1%, much of which was fueled by the 21% increase in total sales (19.5% increase in quantity sold) the first year after the onset of the pandemic. The South Atlantic region was found to have the greatest total sales and sales per capita among regions. New York City had the greatest total seafood sales, followed by Los Angeles and Philadelphia. The top five most important species categories in terms of sales were, in declining order, shrimp, salmon, tuna, crab, and tilapia, although regional variability became apparent from the fourth‐ranked species. The most important package sizes were 454‐ and 907‐g packs. Frozen and refrigerated categories dominated sales (70% in 2021), with little growth in entrées and a decline in market share of shelf‐stable seafood products in 2021. Retail supermarket seafood sales increased dramatically following the onset of the pandemic, with especially notable percentage increases in lobster (77%) and crab sales (70%) and the lowest percentage increases in tuna (1%) and tilapia (13%). Given that US per capita seafood consumption did not show a corresponding increase over the study period, study results likely indicate a shift to greater relative consumption at home and not an overall increase in US seafood sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the microbial diversity and mycotoxin profile of artisanal infant flours commonly vended in public healthcare centres and retail markets in Côte d'Ivoire. Thus, maize, millet, sorghum, soya and multigrain (mix of different cereals) flour samples collected from different localities were first, analysed for nutritional composition, then for microbial communities using high-throughput sequencing and for mycotoxins through UHPLC-MS/MS method. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum and the dominant genera were Weissella, Staphylococcus, Pediococcus. Potential pathogenic genera such as Bacillus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia were also found. The fungal community was composed of two dominant phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and 31 genera with > 0.1% relative abundance. In samples from public healthcare centres, Candida, Hyphopichia, Trichosporon, and Cyberlindnera were the most dominant genera according to the flour type while in samples from retail markets, they were Cyberlindnera, Clavispora, Nakaseomyces, Aureobasidium and Candida. Possible toxigenic genera Fusarium and Aspergillus were also detected. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Ochractoxin (OTA), Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were the mycotoxins found in the analysed flours. AFB1 was detected in 100% of maize (range 1.2–120.5 µg/kg; mean: 44.2 µg/kg) and 50–83.3% of millet flours (range 0.2–31.5 µg/kg; mean: 31.5 µg/kg). Its level in all maize and rice flour samples exceeded EU standard (0.1 µg/kg). For OTA and fumonisins, millet and maize flours showed the highest levels of sample exceeding the EU standard. Thus, artisanal infant flours marketed in Côte d'Ivoire, mainly maize and rice flours, although containing potentially beneficial bacteria, represent potential health risks for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retailing industry in the UK is experiencing unprecedented structural change. The impact on retailers has often dominated headlines, along with the impacts on local services and economies, but with little attention given to the implications for property owners and practitioners. Exploring and understanding the responsiveness of landlords, and their behaviours, is essential to understanding the adaptiveness of a retailing system. This study employs semi-structured interviews to examine the short- and long-term changes in the retail market and the actions of landlords in response. The findings span the period prior to and during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, and reveal that fundamental changes have occurred to establish tenant covenant norms and the traditional retail leasing model. The paper explores these changes, including a shift in tenant risk, reposition of the leasing model in favour of tenants, generally, and greater application of turnover rents. The pressing challenge for current valuation practitioners, therefore, is to incorporate these fundamental changes within the market into the pricing of retail assets. Significant progress in this area to date, as explored in the paper, has been limited although greater application of discounted cashflow techniques is set to be encouraged by the RICS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sportswear industry has a growing market globally. In the sportswear retail market, where the primary focus is on providing customers the product, but provision of the necessary ancillary service also takes place, the service quality and its relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are important. With an attempt to find out this relationship, the data for this study was obtained from 251 people living in Turkey. The service quality was described as a second-order construct with the dimensions proposed in SERVQUAL scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze and validate the model. The findings showed that the service quality, together with the relevant dimensions, tangibles, reliability, and assurance, has an influence on the customer satisfaction but not on the customer loyalty. Nonetheless, it was confirmed the customer satisfaction has an impact on the customer loyalty.

The digitalisation of the economy and the global coronavirus pandemic transfer competition for consumers into a virtual Internet environment, in which the enterprise success depends on its digital capital, which includes an Internet communication system with potential consumers. The article reveals the regularities and trends in the development of the enterprises digital capital focused on the retail market for the period 2017–2021. Economic and variance analysis of digital capital indicators based on the enterprises formed samples has been carried out. It has been noted that the leaders in the demand for websites are the trade and services industries. The global coronavirus pandemic in 2020–2021 became a powerful growth driver, with the major effect on enterprise website promotion is observed with a one year lag (in 2021). It has been found that the most industries enterprises are practically not engaged in the paid traffic development for their sites. Only real estate agencies actively interact with advertising Internet services. It has been shown that the enterprises digital capital development constantly requires new impulses or growth drivers and enterprises in most studied industries do not use the full opportunities range for increasing digital capital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire society in many aspects, and not only social. The pandemic had an impact on all the normal activities of human life, working conditions and more. The pandemic had a huge impact on changing social and personal preferences of individuals, economies and markets of all countries. Likewise, the pandemic has affected retailer markets, consumer behavior and basic customer attitudes across all business areas. This article focuses in particular on the changes in the retailer's market and basic customer attitudes due to the covid-19 pandemic. This article focuses in particular on the situation of retailers in the current market. Furthermore, the article also addresses to changes in approaches in the field of shopping with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the interaction between energy sellers and buyers in utilizing active distribution networks is modeled with considering two networked and nonnetworked modes of microgrids (MGs). A retail electricity market is modeled as a bilevel problem. Accordingly, the Distribution Company (DISCO) in the upper level in order to maximize the profit offers an optimal price to MGs, while in the lower level, the MGs are used to compare the offered prices by DISCO with the prices of MGs generation sources for minimizing the total costs decided to whether to buy from the DISCO or not. The first contribution of the paper is to consider the networked operation of the MGs under a unique beneficiary of MGs (BMG). As the second contribution, two extremely important indices, that is, reserve and self-adequacy, are considered, which are necessary in the problems related to MGs. In this paper, the impact of considering and disregarding these two important indices of MGs, that is, reserve and self-adequacy, on the profit of the DISCO in two different scenarios is investigated. In each scenario, the impact of considering two modes of MGs, that is, networked and nonnetworked, on the profit of DISCO is investigated. Simulation results show the efficiency of the presented model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID 19 pandemic had a strong impact over various occasions, even though some of them were not new, they were strongly influenced as well. Remote working, online shopping and online meetings have impacted many industries, including the office and retail market. The purpose of this article is to examine the leading trends in these two segments of the real estate market in Bulgaria with an emphasis on the Capital city. The analyzed period is covering 9 consecutive quarters after the beginning of 2020. Some macroeconomic and financial factors that most strongly affect the construction and real estate operations sectors within the scope of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity retailers participate in electricity markets as intermediaries between wholesale and retail markets. They acquire energy on the wholesale side by participating in next-day markets and the pool of power. On the retail side, they make contracts with consumers in order to meet their energy demand at a fixed price for a set period of time –generally a year. To maximize profit in planning, a retailer must choose the best strategy, which should be able to reduce the cost of purchasing energy in the wholesale market while simultaneously determining the best selling price for consumers. Customers may choose a different retailer if the selling price is too high, and the retailer may take a loss if the price is too low. One of the issues that complicate retailers’ decision is the uncertain demand response parameters that affect profit. This paper contributes with a strategic bidding model for planning with short-term energy storage while considering the uncertainty of consumer demand response and load response programs simultaneously. GAMS and MATLAB are implemented in this research to analyze the data and review the results, which indicate that an increase in profit is expected to be greater than when the retailer uses only a load response program or a short-term energy storage system. As uncertainty grows, so does local price sensitivity, and, as a result, so does the predicted rate of profit. Profits from participatory reservation, energy, and regulation markets increase in the robust model, while profits from the common participatory market decrease, i.e., according to this study, which looked at both probabilistic and robust models of retail market participation. When a robust model is used, the overall profit is higher than that obtained from a probabilistic model.

Agricultural production has the following purposes-consumption, the supply of reserves (at household and national level), processing (via the traditional or industry), sales (on the market or through intermediaries) export. Mutations occurring in the Romanian rural market, trade in general, itself generated by commercial activity or customer. The paper examines issues related to trade issues held in the wholesale food markets and retail and inventory Timisoara main agricultural exhibitions held in Timisoara, Timis county and international participating farmers in the area. The paper covers issues related to the organization of trade in these markets - wholesale and retail, from a theoretical perspective and the effective deployment of sales in the markets Timis. Timisoara Municipality maintains a wholesale market and 10 retail food market with daily program in which sells various groups of traditional regional and international food. The fairs create the opportunity for farmers to be able to sell surplus agricultural products to and thus large revenues to ensure such restarting agricultural production process. The conclusions drawn from the analysis carried out, have highlighted many positive aspects to the unfolding of trade through markets, food fairs and exhibitions in Timis county, but also issues related to the organization of trade and urban areas as a whole.

The purpose of this work is to reconstruct the administrative management of the owners (shopkeepers) of MSMEs (neighborhood shops), in the sector of the retail market in Colombia. A qualitative methodology based on participatory action research was used in three phases: diagnosis; selection of data collection techniques and fieldwork. It was revealed that "retail shops" need to employ value chain development strategies. These generate favorable supplier-grocer agreements to acquire products and services at better prices. This is how they benefit the business towards sustained and uninterrupted growth. Likewise, the final consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional value of ready-to-eat meals available in Greek retail outlets. A total of 228 meals were identified, their nutritional value was registered according to their labels and a comparison was performed against specific nutritional criteria for the macronutrients, per serving. The 183 products were main dishes and 45 were salads and appetisers. The 28.9% of salads and appetisers were within the calorie cut-off point (250Kcal), the 82.2% of them contained more salt than the limit (0.75 g), whereas 22.2% were within the limit of fat (9 g). 72.1% of the main dishes had fewer calories than the cut-off point (600 Kcal), 12.6% of them had less salt than the limit (1.8 g) and 48.1% of them were within the limit for fats (21 g). Companies should reformulate their offered ready-to-eat meals in terms of their fat and salt content in order to provide the consumers with balanced meals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause invasive disease with high mortality in immunocompromised individuals and can survive in a variety of food-associated environments for a long time. L. monocytogenes clonal complex (CC) 87 is composed of ST87 and three other STs and has been identified as the most common subgroup associated with both foods and human clinical infections in China. Therefore, the persistence of CC87 L. monocytogenes in food-associated environments poses a significant concern for food safety. In this study, 83 draft genomes of CC87 L. monocytogenes, including 60 newly sequenced genomes, were analyzed with all isolates from our previous surveillance in Zigong, Sichuang, China. Sixty-eight of the studied isolates were isolated from one retail market (M1 market), while the others were from seven other markets (M2–M8 markets) in the same city. Whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wg-MLST) and the whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wg-SNP) analysis were performed. Three persistent contamination routes were identified in the M1 market, caused by 2 clusters (A and B) and a wgST31 type. Cluster A isolates were associated with the persistent contamination in a raw meat stall (M1-S77), while Cluster B isolates caused a persistent contamination in aquatic foods stalls. Five wgST31 isolates caused persistent contamination in a single aquatic stall (M1-S65). A pLM1686-like plasmid was found in all Cluster A isolates. A novel plasmid, pLM1692, a truncated pLM1686 plasmid without the cadmium, and other heavy metal resistance genes were conserved in all wgST31 isolates. By comparing persistent and putative non-persistent isolates, four genes that were all located in the prophage comK might be associated with persistence. These findings enhanced our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of contamination and assist in formulating targeted strategies for the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes transmission from the food processing chain to humans. IMPORTANCE Contamination of food by Listeria monocytogenes at retail level leads to potential consumption of contaminated food with high risk of human infection. Our previous study found persistent contamination of CC87 L. monocytogenes from a retail market in China through pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was used to obtain the highest resolution inference of the source and reasons for persistent contamination; meat grinders and minced meat were the major reservoir of persistent contamination in meat stalls, whereas fishponds were the major reservoir in seafood stalls, with different L. monocytogenes isolates involved. These isolates carried different properties such as plasmids and prophages, which may have contributed to their ability to survive or adapt to the different environments. Our findings suggest that whole-genome sequencing will be an effective surveillance tool to detect persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in retail food markets and to design new control strategies to improve food safety.

Since early this year, the world has been facing a hazardous new generation of coronavirus named COVID-19 which has rapidly spread to the extent that it has drowned the world into the pandemic condition. The spread of this pandemic has generated a strong contagion effect across markets around the globe. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the impact of COVID-19 for as many markets as possible. This paper aims to analyze the cosmetic retail market’s behavior in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of graphical statistics tools to observe the monthly growth of production and sales in cosmetic retail and toilet articles for the period from October 2019 to August 2020. The results assume that the COVID-19 can have a black swan effect on the cosmetic micro-market. These findings are remarkable for the cosmetic sector's investors and marketers to enhance their understanding of cosmetic retail market behavior during unpredictable events such as pandemics.

This study aimed to review the scientific literature on the quality and safety of beef sold in retail, methodologies used for quality evaluation, and proposed interventions for the sector. Bibliographical research was performed to identify scientific articles using the electronic databases Ovid, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, Scopus, and Embase. Thirty-three articles were included in the review. Given the different dimensions of the studies, the results were organized into three categories, according to the following approaches: food, environment, and handlers; consumers and selection criteria; and intervention strategies for the retail sector. The applied methodological strategies revealed inadequate conditions and neglect in several processing and operation stages that are fundamental to the maintenance of quality standards. The results confirm a worrying scenario and the presence of risks to consumers. Based on the studies evaluated, it is necessary to emphasize consumer concern about the importance of the integrated information chain—all stages involved in the production process and meat distribution for retail meat stores. The reported conditions from different studies indicate the need for interventions with a view to prevention of health risks, continued training of food handlers, and transformation of evidenced realities. In this context, it is possible to point out the predominance of diagnostic studies, in contrast with interventional studies focused on the training and qualification of food handlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work is to determine the indicators of the peculiarities of the market of veterinary preparations; To carry out studies on the level of saturation and appropriate provision of the agricultural animals sector with veterinary drugs included in the List of Veterinary Immunobiological Drugs registered in Ukraine; to analyze the market of registered immunobiological drugs for medicinal forms; to research the market share of pharmaceutical companies – holders of registration certificates (Ukrainian and foreign) and companies – producers (Ukrainian and foreign) of this product; to summarize the dependence of the range of used vaccines for birds from their most frequent diseases in a particular farm and the general epizootic situation in the region. Materials and methods. We used synthetic, analytical, information retrieval, systematization, comparison, graphical, statistical, descriptive, generalization methods. The materials of the study were the Law of Ukraine “On Veterinary Medicine”; The list of veterinary immunobiological preparations registered in Ukraine as of 04/10/2019; official information of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (Department of Agriculture and Environment Statistics) for 2018 – June 2019, reports of the consulting group Pro-Consulting and IndexBox Marketing. Results. The results of the study provide an opportunity to control the saturation of the market for veterinary immunobiological preparations; adjusting its volume and filling drugs, depending on the needs of the time; creating healthy competition between foreign market players and domestic producers; identification of the main market indicators (market conditions, demand, and consumption of immunological products), which will allow to make business development forecasts; assess the growth potential, opportunities and threats in the market; attracting to the Ukrainian market veterinary foreign firms –holders of registration certificates and firms – manufacturers of effective, affordable and quality vaccines in order to maintain a stable epizootic situation in rural areas, the private sector of the regions and the general well-being of the epizootic state in the state. Conclusions. Development, elements of systematization, comparison and generalization of the regulatory framework, namely: the Law of Ukraine “On Veterinary Medicine”The list of veterinary immunobiological preparations registered in Ukraine as of 04/10/2019; official information of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (Department of Agriculture and Environment Statistics) for 2018 – June 2019, showed that at the present time there were opportunities in the Ukrainian market for new players to enter (from among domestic producers) who were more convenient for the distributor than for the manufacturer. Risks and barriers to entry to the market are mainly related to the high level of competition in the industry.

The idea of ​​segmentation of markets is assumed by the different needs and desires between individuals, ie there are different markets (or sectors) and each market (sector) includes individuals who share needs and desires, so this division should be taken into account in the preparation of marketing programs and strategies by the institutions in order to Market segmentation helps to guide and focus marketing efforts and prepare and design appropriate programs for each sector according to its characteristics, importance and degree of competition in order to achieve the objective or set of objectives set by the institution. There are many variables that can be used to segment consumer and business markets and the marketer should try different retail variables on their own. These variables include: - Geographical variables: Segmentation of the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, states, cities or regions. Demographic variables: Demographic segmentation divides the market. Population variables are the most commonly used segmentation of the market for two reasons: the average needs and desires of consumers usually vary with different population variables. Ease of measuring population variables Psychological variables: market segmentation Behavioral variables: dividing the market into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes and use of the product after evaluating different market segments. It fits your target to enter and specify the target market (Target Market), which defines a group of buyers who participate in the needs of the properties or joint, which the company decides to Tkhaddmhaimkn target marketing at several different levels:Undifferentiated Mass Marketing A strategy to cover the market in which the company decides to neglect the differences of the market segments and targets the market with only one offer (the strategy of prolific marketing). Of subscribers

This study is evaluating the customer-based retail brand equity by the effect of consumption value and brand experience. Considering Holbrook’s value typology, this study is investigating the value dimensions of efficiency, entertainment, excellence, and aesthetics of retail setup. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of retail value i.e. efficiency, entertainment, excellence, aesthetics on retail brand equity by intervention of brand experience. This study would be applied on sample population who purchase products from various retail supermarket in Karachi and Lahore. This study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) by using the SmartPLS 3.0 software. The study revealed that there was a significantly positive impact of efficiency, service, entertainment and aesthetic value on brand experience, but the impact of product excellence on brand experience was insignificant. Similarly, brand experience fully mediated the relationships of efficiency, service, entertainment and aesthetic value with retail brand equity but brand experience didn’t mediated between product excellence and retail brand equity. Although, there was a positively direct relationship between product excellence and retail brand equity. This study gives very important suggestions to retail marketing strategists in order to give customers memorable retail brand experience and creating retail brand equity.

In the scenario of extending the organized retail markets to tier II and III cities of India, a preliminary inquiry in Ranga Reddy district highlighted the non-participation of the vegetable growers in the retail marketing system. To understand further, the knowledge level that contributes to the behavior is examined in this study. A total of 150 vegetable growers of the peri-urban area were selected by simple random sampling and were approached with a structured interview schedule. A teacher-made test was posed to elucidate the knowledge in 4 aspects - awareness, marketing process, pricing, and additional services provided. It was found that 64.00 per cent of the respondents had a medium knowledge of retail markets. The correlation analysis disclosed a significant positive relationship of knowledge level with education, the area under vegetables, market orientation, market intelligence, information-seeking behavior at 1 per cent, and economic motivation, landholding at 5 per cent. It was observed that age and experience in vegetable farming are negatively significant with 0.05 per cent of probability. Execution of -step-wise regression to fit the model where education, market orientation, the area under vegetable production, annual income, economic motivation, decision-making ability with unstandardized coefficients 0.994, 0.953, 0.482, - 4.285E-6, 0.197, 0.222 respectively were found significant with 39.7 per cent of coefficient of determination (R2). Converting knowledge into actions requires interactions with retail market agencies that build trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By 2025, 220 million individuals in India are anticipated to purchase online, and the retail sector is forecast to increase to INR 13,97,800crore (US$200 billion) by 2027, thanks to eCommerce. Smallformat vendors and neighborhood Kirana (grocery) shops make up around 90 percent of India's grocery retail commerce. Kirana shops need to adapt to the changing retail landscape and customer expectations quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motile Aeromonas spp. are responsible for several diseases and pathological conditions in fish as well as gastrointestinal diseases in human. The present study aimed at isolating motile aeromonads from the retail market carps of peri-urban Kolkata and assessing their potential threats in terms of antibiotic-resistance. Among the 71 motile aeromonad strains isolated, Aeromonas caviae (36) and A. hydrophila (31) were dominant. The strains were tested for their susceptibility to 12 broad-spectrum antibiotics. Resistance to cefalexin, amoxyclav and nitrofurantoin were the highest. The least resistance was demonstrated against the ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, sulfafurazole and trimethoprim. Majority of the motile aeromonads (74.29–94.44%) were of the multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) group. The MAR index was in the range of 0.33–1.00. Antibiotic-resistance profiling unveiled 29 diverse profiles among the motile aeromonads. The high frequency of MAR motile aeromonads in retail carps and their spread through the food chain are serious threats to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research is an analysis of strategic management for a company in the field of retail in Romania using the model of the 5 forces of Porter. The biggest threats in the Romanian retail market come from the area of the existing competition but also of the new entrants, the company facing real problems due to this, being obliged to identify new spaces on this market. In the case of the company that is the subject of this case study, this is obvious, given the fact that the Romanian market has been invaded in the last 10 years by companies with foreign private capital. Thus, the company makes great efforts to be able to withstand a competitive market of such a nature, this being possible only by developing new approaches. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to determine the strategic mistakes of Romanian retail companies. In order to achieve the objective, the research is trying to answer the question: Is strategic management the cause for which Romanian retail companies fail? The importance of the research is given by the fact that the retail sector is the main component of GDP in Romania, in 2020 it has or gross growth of 2.2% compared to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The surrounding areas of the middle Mekong basin, particularly along the border between Thailand and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), are high-risk areas for many livestock-associated foodborne illnesses, especially salmonellosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella spp. contamination in pork, beef and chicken meats sold at retail markets in the Thailand-Laos border area surrounding the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge I from January to May 2019. We focused on the prevalent serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the multilocus sequence type (MLST) genotypes of the collected Salmonella strains. Results From a total of 370 meat samples collected, 63% were positive for Salmonella, with the prevalence of 73%, 60% and 56% from pork, beef and chicken meat samples, respectively. Of all the positive samples, 53 serotypes were identified. Of these, Salmonella enterica serovar London accounted for the majority (27%), followed by serovars Corvallis (14%), and Rissen (6%). Resistance against tetracycline was found at the highest frequency (50%), followed by ampicillin (35%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (28%). MLST revealed no evidence of shared genetic relatedness of Salmonella at retail sites among Thailand-Laos border zone. However, a diverse range of Salmonella genotypes were spread over the area. Besides, the persistence of the residential pathogen and sharing of the supply route within-country can be inferred. Conclusions Given the high levels of contamination of retail meats, regular disinfecting of all working areas and quality control checking at pre-retail stage must be applied to reduce the transmission of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens to consumers. The findings of this study will make a significant contribution to the current understanding of Salmonella epidemiology to enhance food security in the region.