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This study described the experiences, analyzed the reasons for bullying, and described the lessons learned by the disheartened learners of a central elementary school. The study employed a qualitative narrative case study approach, with five learners as the participants. Semi-structured interview guide questions were formulated and divided into three parts: beginning, middle and ending stories. These questions were designed to gather rich, in-depth information about the learners' experiences and perspectives. The beginning stories revealed the following emergent themes: physical abuse, verbal abuse, poverty, upsetting, unmotivated, ashamed and doubted. The middle stories had the following emergent themes: bullying as revenge, haughty bullies, discrimination, afraid to retaliate, ignoring, skipping school, seeking justice, and call parent's attention. The ending stories had the following themes: perseverance, do not harm others, striving, calmness, faithful, and trust in the teacher's authority. This study sheds light on the often-overlooked voices of disheartened learners, emphasizing the need for educational systems worldwide to prioritize student well-being and provide support for those who may be struggling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Introducing Shakespeare and His Contemporaries" explores Shakespeare's place in the early modern literary and theatrical scene, emphasizing the collaborative nature of writing during that period. It discusses the diverse contributions of contemporary poets, dramatists, and pamphleteers, shedding light on their works that influenced Shakespeare. The article also delves into the dramatic genres, language developments, and collaborative efforts among playwrights of the time, highlighting Shakespeare's interactions with his literary peers and the broader community of writers in that era. [Extracted from the article]

Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality warns that revenge's reactiveness can jeopardize salutary change in shared values. I identify an overlooked revenge-mitigating praxis in the spatial movements of Nietzsche's fictional prophet Zarathustra, who seeks collaborators to overcome Christian morality and create new world-affirming values. Zarathustra's well-known response to revenge, specifically the revenge against time undergirding interpersonal revenge, is willing the eternal return of the same. But he also exemplifies a more available response. "Passing by" is a coming close to, followed by a veering away from, the most insistent embodiments of reigning values. Although Nietzsche inspires agonistic political theory, Zarathustra avoids direct contest in the usual late modern milieux, which he finds constitutively vulnerable to revenge. When revenge floods the communal passional reservoir, it forestalls recovery—essential to new-values creation—of passions effaced by reigning values. Zarathustra still approaches the usual milieux to know the present-past as the raw material of the future. But by then veering away he practices relaxing his value-creative will and not raging against the present-past. Repeated passing by helps him accept and thus better take up the raw material of the future and accept value change's slow temporality. Since passing by's concern is the value horizon, not the political sphere, and since it minimizes direct resistance, it may be less reactive to the political sphere than directly contestatory versions of "refusal." Analysis of Gandhi's value-praxis confirms passing by as a tactic for less reactive value-creation and as a lens on the reactiveness of different value-praxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study is looking at how young adults comprehend and execute revenge against their parents. Despite convincing evidence that the combination of profound emotional attachment and high degrees of interdependence with competitiveness and power struggles almost invariably leads in an enhanced ability to harm and be harmed, the question of revenge has received little attention among family academics. Aim: The goal of this study was to contribute to the growing body of research about how different groups perceive, execute, and experience vengeance. Method and material: For this study, the transcript of 4 semi-structured video interviews was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The IPA identified three superordinate themes (1) Revenge as a catalyst for change (2) From comparative suffering to mutual understanding (3) Towards a more adaptive homeostasis. Result: The findings challenge traditional views of revenge as solely punitive, highlighting its strategic role as a mechanism for change inside family dynamics. The study also emphasizes the interplay between emotion and cognition in revenge decisions. Several motivations were identified, assert autonomy, competence, and improve emotional connections within the family. The findings also suggest that revenge seeks to establish communication through comparative suffering. Conclusion: In summary, this study finds revenge to be a multifaceted emotional response, capable of serving as a strategic tool for instigating positive change. The findings provide new insights into revenge, demonstrating its potential as a catalyst for transformation within family dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses is the property of Universidad de La Laguna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Of all the images generated by the French Revolution it is the guillotine that is the most notorious. From the beginning the apparatus constituted an elaborate visual spectacle, one that not only efficiently dispensed justice but also offered up a form of popular entertainment and ritualised collective vengeance. The paper seeks to shed fresh light on one of the most perplexing mysteries of the revolutionary era. How did enlightened individuals who had helped create the most democratic and egalitarian society yet seen in the world, descend into a totalitarian regime in which many thousands were arrested, tried without appeal and executed? Why did revolutionaries begin to kill one another, and how did the guillotine come to represent an ideal of Revolution? To answer these questions, the paper begins by looking more closely at the relationships between popular violence and state violence in the Revolution, before describing the invention of the guillotine and how audiences had to adjust to a new kind of spectacle, where terror emerges as a principle of government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the research lies in the fact that it highlights the role that Islamic culture can play in correcting tribal customs and customs related to issues of revenge and tribal wars in Yemeni society, which helps to confront them and limit their spread. The research aims to explain the causes and effects of tribal hatred, in addition to explaining the role of Islamic culture in improving information related to cases of murder and assault in Yemeni society. The research was divided into an introduction, an introductory chapter, two sections, and a conclusion. The introduction included the importance of the research, its objectives, the reason for choosing it, its problem, its methodology, previous studies, the research plan and its sections. The introductory chapter included an introduction to the research terms and an introduction to it. The title of the first section was: Revenge and tribal wars in Yemeni society, their causes and effects The second topic was entitled: The role of Islamic culture in correcting customary rules related to cases of murder and assault. Conclusion: The results and recommendations included the most important of which are: Among the causes of the phenomenon of tribal revenge and wars in Yemeni society is the weakness of religious belief, the lengthy litigation procedures, and the resort to tribal customs and customs. Customs that violate Islamic law, the spread of weapons, and that Islamic culture can play a major role in confronting this phenomenon. Revenge and tribal wars by correcting the customary rules related to cases of murder and assault, which include: the rules of felony murder, the rule of fines, the rule of responsibility and punishment, and the rule of sacrifice, as these rules lack the principle of justice and equality, and many of them do not achieve sufficient deterrence and rebuke, as Many take cover behind them. Of people after they assaulted others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Brief history of modern political thought: from Machiavelli to the coronavirus" by Miguel Saralegui, published in the magazine Tópicos, analyzes modern political thought, highlighting the interaction between word and politics and the formal principles that characterize it. The author contrasts the ideas of Machiavelli and Hobbes, and explores various ideologies such as liberalism, Marxism, anarchism, totalitarianism, and feminism. The blurring of liberalism in the context of the 2020 coronavirus crisis is discussed, as well as the need to use different interpretive guidelines to approach individual modern thinkers. The article also reflects on the coronavirus crisis as a revenge of "what is given" against its scant recognition in the recent past. The article also addresses the importance of context in understanding classical texts and criticizes current liberalism, mentioning geopolitical crises and migration issues as relevant topics today. Despite points of disagreement, the value of Saralegui's text as an introduction to political thought in Spanish is recognized. [Extracted from the article]

A 2021 article in HTS Teologiese Studies advances the thesis that in the book of Esther 'lawlessness by the Jewish diaspora community triggered genocide in the Persian Empire' and that 'Jews provoked the Persian authorities by disobeying the laws of the land'. Much of that article is devoted to a defense of Haman in responding to what the author portrays as the 'lawlessness' of the Jewish diaspora community. This article offers a three-fold response: (1) a critical analysis of both Haman and his accusation of 'lawlessness' against the Jewish diaspora minority, along with that article's affirmation of that lawlessness; (2) a critique of that article's accusation of 'genocide' against the Jewish diaspora community along with a discussion of the alleged violent vengeance of that same community vis-à-vis Esther 8–9; (3) a warning that the attempted vindication of Haman is nothing new, but possesses a disturbing Wirkungsgeschichte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a new Ancient North Arabian (ANA)-Safaitic inscription from the north-eastern basaltic region of Jordan. Its author registers a revenge-taking action for a man called S1TR. In contrast to the usual type of Safaitic inscriptions that deal with revenge, we encounter here a case of revenge in which the Arabian goddess Allāt is called for s 2hdt ‘testimony’. The onomastic and lexical components, with special focus on the lexeme s2hdt and its semantic field, are investigated and analyzed in light of the Semitic lexicon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented research results provide a theoretical generalization of the phenomenon of revenge, its nature and qualitative characteristics. Taking into account the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of revenge and the mutual influence of various cultural matrices, the author considered the voiced phenomenon through the prism of domestic violence. The topicality of the topic is due to insufficient scientific development of the motivational function of revenge in the formation and deployment of domestic violence. The purpose of the research involved the formation of theoretical aspects regarding revenge as a sociolegal phenomenon and as a motive for committing domestic violence. In the course of the conducted research, the state of scientific development of the problems of the phenomenon of revenge, forgiveness and domestic violence is highlighted. It has been established that revenge is based on the desire or obligation to punish the offender for an insult, injury, damage, or evil. It is emphasized that revenge is a deliberate, purposeful act, which is produced as a response (reaction) to an insult received, a violation of rights, interests, and is associated with the desire of people to satisfy the need to repay the offender for the insult caused. The author's vision of revenge is formulated as a deliberate purposeful punishment in the sense of retribution, which is implemented both by legitimate legal institutions and informal methods, methods in an open or closed form: intentional harm for the purpose of revenge, poisoning, intentional beatings, murder, torture, intentional bodily harm and other criminal acts motivated by revenge. It is substantiated that the learned narratives, value orientations, level, degree, form of inflicted pain, evil, opportunity, ability and readiness in combination with the co-dependence of the participants of domestic violence emphasize the multi-vector nature of revenge, which, in turn, allows the researcher to come to a conclusion about the dualistic nature of the voiced phenomenon when formation and perpetration of domestic violence. The conclusions and proposals formulated in the scientific article can be used in: - the scientific research field - for further scientific research in the field of prevention and countermeasures against domestic violence; - the applicable field of law - as recommendations for improving the procedural activity of pretrial investigation bodies; - the educational process - for the preparation of lectures on the disciplines «Criminal Law», «Criminology», «Legal Psychology», «Preventive Psychology», «Prevention, Counteraction to Domestic Violence». We see the prospect of further investigations in the legal-psychological analysis of the emotionalcognitive, behavioral (conative) components of jealousy and revenge through the prism of the socio-cultural discourse « domestic violence». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there more powerful revenge narrative in contemporary popular culture than that of all-time über-nerd, Carrie White? For Carrie is a figure of abjection nonpareil, one who is, routinely, subjected to ongoing and intensifying humiliations. Given this treatment, it should come as no surprise when, finally, the tormented Carrie turns the tables, quite spectacularly, on her tormenters – and everyone else who gets in her way. A catastrophic state of affairs that Carrie so clearly 'enjoys', embodying what might be called revenge's jouissance. Utilising a perspective that is broadly psychoanalytic, this article will take up Carrie's jouissance of revenge, situating it in terms of three registers: phallic jouissance, juris-jouissance and feminine jouissance. All, with this end in sight: nothing less than the re-inscription of feminist connection and, with it, the possibility of forgiveness – instantiated in Carrie as victimised outlier and victimising jouisseuse – at the very centre of the Law's psychic subjectivity and social bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emotional system is one of the discourses that is examined in the frameworkof the sign semantic model. In this system, the flow of means production is linked to perceptual sensory conditions of the passoniate and the signs - meanings are transformed into dynamic and muitydimensional forms. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to explain the role of the mentioned process in the style of the passoniateˈs presence and the evoluation of discours conditions, based on the method of the sign - semantic discourse,while explaining the emotional process of the story “Al -less va Al -kelb “. Findings show in the story of Al -less and Al -kelab the emotional system is based on passions. The emotions and passions in the novel, of which anger and despair are the most prominent, have created the emotional system of discourse based on a meaningful and logical flow. The occurrence of two events in a passionate life, betrayal of loved ones and failure to avenge betrayers, has played an important role in transforming the discourse by influencing emotions, as well as, fundamentally changing the text. In the initial partes of the text, the emotion of anger while causing a continuous and dynamic presence of passion, cause the value of revenge in the discourse. In the final partes, the feeling of despaire leads to isolation and passionate absence from the scene of events and the value funection of the text has changed from revenge to surrender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of Samuel Beckett's radio play, All That Fall, Mrs Rooney famously forgets her lines: she cannot quite remember the precise phrase that she strains to recall from John Ford's The Lover's Melancholy. However, what has been overlooked is Beckett's own forgetfulness as to the origins of this intertextual reference. Repeatedly, he attributes this line (and others from his wider stock of notes) to one of Ford's close contemporaries: John Marston. This article recovers Beckett's many mistaken allusions to Marston, and begins to think through the ways in which his curious recurrence in Beckett's thinking at the time of All That Fall's composition might betray a particular interest in the revenge genre (in which Marston is so influential). It posits that, in writing All That Fall, Beckett works to 'vaguen' many of the formal tropes that recur over the course of revenge drama's long literary history. It then goes on to explore the possibility that this play for voices might engage specifically with this generic tradition in order to stage a critique of religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Specula is the property of SPECULA UCV and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Punitive house demolitions were intensified by the Israeli government during the Second Intifada with the intent of curbing suicide bombings. Using econometric analysis, Benmelech et al. (2015) suggest that this policy is effective, citing deterrence as the driving factor. In 2014, the Israeli Supreme Court relied on the findings of an earlier draft of the Benmelech paper to reject a petition against the resumption of punitive housing demolition. In this research, I show that the Benmelech findings are spurious due to misspecified modelling and that the reported effect of punitive house demolition camouflages confounding factors. I also show that among the multiple security measures put in place during the Second Intifada, arrest campaigns did negatively impacted suicide bombings. I provide suggestive evidence that explains individual motives for suicide bombings and why punitive house demolition lacks a deterrence effect. The motives are likely related to the aggravation of grievances from excessive state oppression, willingness to exact revenge, and the glorification of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in asymmetric conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women-led revenge films are often lauded for feminist narratives and cathartic reversals of heteropatriarchal hegemony. However, many texts reify femmephobic systems of gender and power by construing violence and revenge as masculine, thus requiring heroines to adopt masculine tactics and weapons. Promising Young Woman (2020) breaks with genre conventions by constructing a world and protagonist that exemplify femme norms, values, and covert ways of operating. Drawing on queer and femme theoretical frameworks, I situate Promising Young Woman in a femme enclave of psychological thriller, positing it as an example of femme worldbuilding that explores how femme subjects assert power over their narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mistreatment in the workplace has been widely acknowledged, the impact of coworker undermining has not been adequately explored in the literature. Using insights from the job demands–resources model, we suggest that coworker undermining is a job demand that is associated with negative affect and somatic complaints. In mitigation of this, we propose two personal resources (i.e. forgiveness and revenge cognitions) as buffers of the positive relationship between coworker undermining and somatic complaints via negative affect. We explore these relationships in a time‐lagged study involving 229 participants who responded to three surveys over a month‐long period. Our findings show that coworker undermining is related to high levels of negative affect in the following week, and that this spills over to somatic complaints. However, this is only true for victims of undermining who do not forgive their colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revenge is a retaliatory behavior following a perceived harm to one's well-being. It can take the form of passive aggression, verbal aggression, physical aggression, and extreme violence. In fact, revenge is related to homicides, school shootings, and bombings. Despite the need to understand revenge, there is a dearth of research examining its different components, thus making it difficult to prevent and treat. Even less is known about revenge among prisoners, which is especially concerning given their propensity for aggression. Much of the research on revenge focuses on undergraduate students and the general population. As such, it is important to understand vengeful experiences among prisoners. In this study, 184 participants were recruited from a federal prison in California to complete the trait anger scale, general questions about revenge, questions about incident reports, and a specific vengeful experience. In terms of the specific vengeful experience, participants answered questions about their triggers, cognitions during the event, what they did, their emotions prior to and after engaging in revenge, the intensity of their urges, and outcomes. Anger was the most frequent of the listed emotions experienced at the time of the provocation (69%), and demandingness was the most frequent irrational belief reported about the provocation (56.5%). Additionally, many participants reported positive, short-term outcomes after taking revenge, but reported negative long-term outcomes. Treatment implications for working with prisoners and revenge are discussed, including the importance of using a cost-benefit analysis and challenging demandingness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The phenomenon of revenge has been widely studied in psychology since the beginning of the 20th century. Acts of revenge are considered in psychoanalysis, social, family, criminal, legal and other areas of psychology. Nowadays behaviour based on the motive of revenge is found in virtual environment. There is an ambivalent attitude towards revenge. On the one hand, a person who does not get revenge seems weak. On the other hand, seeking for revenge can be perceived as an unconstructive way of behaving. Despite the prevalence of revenge, there is no generally accepted opinion in psychological science regarding the definition of revenge. Objectives. The aim of this work is to analyze various ideas about revenge and to highlight the components of vengeful behaviour, based on which the form of reciprocal aggression can be classified as revenge. The problem of distinguishing between the concepts of “revenge”, “retribution”, “resentment” and “punishment” is considered. Results. Revenge has a significant difference from other forms of aggressive behaviour. Revenge is always a reaction to previous aggression. The motivational component includes two aspects: the desire to take revenge (revenge seeking) and the desire to maintain a comfortable level of self-esteem. Society has a dual function in relation to revenge: as an initial motive influencing the choice of response to resentment, and as a deterrent factor. The willingness to forgive is determined by moral development, a number of personal characteristics and changes in the motivational sphere. Conclusions. In psychological science, the phenomenon of revenge is subjected to a thorough theoretical analysis. Due to the fact that revenge is an intrapersonal phenomenon, the development of methodological tools, including psychodiagnostic techniques, is necessary for the development of revenge research.

In collective punishment, a group as a whole receives negative consequences because of the actions of a few. We argue that collective punishments lead to ingroup cohesiveness and adverse intergroup relations by instigating a punishment‐revenge cycle. In four experimental studies conducted in Turkey and Germany (N = 2059), we demonstrated that collective punishment increased ingroup homogeneity, negative outgroup attitudes, and counter‐collective action intention, while it decreased perceived outgroup fairness. However, the impact on perceived fairness and negative outgroup attitudes was consistent regardless of whether all group members or only perpetrators were punished. This reveals that punishment itself influences the perception towards the punishing outgroup, regardless of the legitimacy and the target of punishment. Overall, willingness for retaliation was boosted by collective punishment; therefore, collective punishment not only fails to silence conflicts but, on the contrary, exacerbates them by fueling the urge for revenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This quantitative study explores the concept of “revenge travel” post-crises, investigating its impact on cross-border tourism. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, it assesses 492 China’s Greater Bay Area residents’ intentions regarding such travel. Attitude and social norms significantly influence this intention, while health considerations surprisingly fail. The research highlights a shift in tourists’ motives, with a noticeable trend toward retaliatory travel – viewed as compensation for psychological lockdown effects – rather than just a viable option. It emphasizes how individuals subjected to stringent lockdowns are more inclined toward outbound travel driven by this retaliatory mind-set. This study emphasizes the evolving landscape of cross-border tourism, revealing the emergence of revenge travel as a compelling motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the play "The Double Marriage" by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, focusing on the characters Desdemona, Martia, and Sesse. It draws comparisons between these characters and Shakespearean figures like Miranda, Jessica, Cordelia, and Cleopatra. The play concludes with Sesse opting for self-imposed exile and assuming the role of a banished duke with a loyal daughter. The article also highlights the presence of references and allusions to Shakespeare's works throughout the play. [Extracted from the article]

Findings from a paucity of research suggest that need for cognition (NFC) is negatively correlated with trait aggression. The correlational nature of the data juxtaposed with the reliance on assessing trait aggression negates causal claims regarding this relationship. The objective of the current research to expand our understanding of the relationship between NFC and aggression in the following ways: (1) focus on state, rather than trait, aggressive behavior, (2) examine the role of provocation, and (3) test the mediating influence of state anger and revenge motives. Our study had US emerging adult participants randomly assigned to be provoked or not before completing measures of anger, revenge motives, and aggression. Results showed that only revenge motives mediated the relationship between NFC and aggression, which was found to be significant only for provoked participants. Results are discussed in theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the practice of nightriding in the post-Reconstruction South, highlighting its significant threat to Black communities, which, while similar to lynching, had distinct legal implications. Topics include the legal responses to nightriding in Arkansas, notable Supreme Court cases like U.S. v. Waddell and Hodges v. U.S., and the historical legacies stemming from these legal battles.

Stanley Kubrick's project on the Holocaust, Aryan Papers, was dear to his heart. He worked on it for a long time, but he could not, in the end, bring himself to complete the planned film. This article canvasses some of the reasons other scholars have supplied for this film remaining unmade, including the notion that the Holocaust is unrepresentable. However, it points to a novel explanation. I argue that Kubrick's plot modifications, particularly to the conclusion, doomed the project. Specifically, Kubrick has a Jewish woman take revenge for war-time atrocities. Discussing revenge in relation to the Holocaust has until recently been as impious as representing the Holocaust itself. Jewish revenge was unfashionable in Holocaust films of all kinds when Kubrick was working on Aryan Papers in the early 1990s. Kubrick's planned film was generically ahead of its times. The vengeful Jewish woman had to wait for Inglourious Basterds in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ye, the artist formerly known as Kanye West, admitted to, and then retracted, a personal diagnosis of bipolar disorder. He may be the most polarizing figure in popular culture, a prophet abandoned by his disciples. The author views his myriad of iconoclastic and controversial actions alongside the American public's response to those actions through the lens of Kendrick Lamar's seminal work To Pimp a Butterfly. America's response to Ye's incessant antagonism is examined through the dimensions of defiance, depression, anger, revenge, and, most importantly, duality as illuminated through Lamar's album. An exploration is pursued between the interplay of America's response to Ye's behaviors, the relevance of mental instability, and leveraging Ye as an illustration of the broader assumptions made in response to any given individual's personal mental health struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes Edward Young's nuanced employment of Islam and appropriation of the Qur'an, first translated into English as The Alcoran of Mahomet in 1649, to attack allegorically the Tories' aspirations to support James Francis Edward Stuart (1701–1766), who was nicknamed "the Old Pretender" by the Whigs and James III by the Tories, to restore Catholicism/Islam into Hanoverian England. Edward Young's The Revenge (1721), which adapts Shakespeare's Othello (1604), dramatizes the Moor Zanga, who is of royal Moorish descent and the captive of the Spanish general Don Alonzo, performing Jihad on himself in revenge for the slaughter of his father king and nation by Alonzo/George I. The character of the Muslim Zanga embodies two levels of materialization and refashioning from the Whigs' perspective: Firstly, he connotes George I's Turkish servants, Mahomet and Mustapha, who signify the Hanoverian king's power and dominance over the Turks. Secondly, he draws a parallel to the Old Pretender's and the Tories' rebellions of 1715 and 1719 within a Jihadist and Qur'anic framework, serving as a political allegory of the Tories' attempts to dethrone George I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though polygamy is still prevalent in some southern parts of Iran, it is not considered the dominant culture and brings about challenges for women in local communities. The present study aimed to narrate such women's experiences facing the phenomenon of polygamy. The study implemented a qualitative mythology, using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenology. In depth-interviews with 33 women living in polygamous families showed that they considered the tradition discriminatory and adopted three strategies to deal with it. The included strategies based on hostile vengeance against co-wives, strategies based on compensation to improve relationships and control circumstances, and strategies based on a compromise to maintain one's personal interests and tranquility. The ultimate result of the study showed that the polygamous tradition faced serious challenges from women themselves. In other words, the women were no longer passive and obedient figures but resisted the discriminatory tradition by actively taking stances against it and making it a very costly undertaking for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text explores the themes of masculinity and father-son relationships in August Wilson's plays "Jitney" and "Two Trains Running." It examines how the characters in these plays define their self-worth through their ability to provide for their families and achieve financial security. The text also delves into the strained relationship between Becker and his son Booster, and how Booster's criminal actions affect his father's reputation. Overall, the text suggests that these plays reflect the patriarchal socialization experienced by many black men, emphasizing the importance of financial responsibility and family honor. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to trace some lines of understanding of the conflict between Israel and Palestine. To do so, it employs tools from Greek mythology—in the form of the goddesses Themis and Dike—to provide minimal explanations for the onset of resentment and indignation that fuel robust processes of violence and revenge. Employing the hypothetical-deductive method, the paper advances by proposing honor as a structuring element of the social status within Arab families, and ethics as the Jewish worldview of life, supported by rituals that seek purity (kashrut). The study also innovates by presenting an initial proposal for the peace process between Israel and Palestine based on the system of total exchanges, referred to as potlatch by Marcel Mauss (2016, ebook), aiming to bridge fractures and develop an ethos of trust and overcoming pain, towards a progressive agenda of dialogue and mutual concessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Jean Baudrillard's theorizing of the theme park, this study recognizes the TV show Westworld (2016-2022) as a simulation of contemporary America with intriguing questions about rape culture and justice in a post-#MeToo moment? In seasons 1 and 2, android characters like Dolores (Evan Rachael Wood), Maeve (Thandiwe Newton), and Akecheta (Zahn McClarnon) are violated but rebel against sexist and racist programing, and the "Man in Black" represents the violating nature of the stereotypical, Western hero. The principles of the Old West, like benevolent violence, are reflected in a TV industry where the actors of Westworld document their own violation in #MeToo artifacts, such Wood's documenting of abuse in Phoenix Rising (2022), and interviews with Newton. In thinking about justice, Westworld falters, because it frames redress only in terms of further violence and revenge. Wood and Newton, however, represent the prevention of future violence, offering a possibility of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When looking at the El Salado massacre, we wonder about the factors that led this town of los Montes de María, in the context of the rural war in Colombia at the end of the 20th century, to become a military objective by the A.U.C (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), that is, to receive the brand or stigma of ‘guerrilla people’; that is, to become a massacrable town. This article tries to address this issue, thus analyzing the consequences of the FARC occupation since its entry into the region in the nineties. Ways like this Farean power had warmer logic and left little room for maneuver and freedom for the residents of El Salado; The saladeros had no choice or freedom, and cohabitation was confused with collaboration, passivity with belonging. In a second part, it reviews the effects of the brutal attack by the FARC against a certain group of residents (especially, ranchers and the military); In a way, the 2000 massacre, carried out by the AUC, was an inordinately hateful response to excessive violence by the FARC in the years before the massacre. In this section, we talk about the hatred and revenge that constitute elements that contributed decisively-among others-to the 2000 massacre. The elaborations on the economy of hate by Sara Ahmed (2015) and the elaborations of Laura Quintana on affects (2020 and 2021) will be fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent COVID-19 pandemic was a large-scale, prolonged crisis for the tourism industry. However, there has been an unprecedented surge in travel in the post-pandemic period. This study explores the motivation and coping strategies employed by travelers in the post-pandemic period. A multi-stage qualitative study was undertaken using three waves of data collection with travelers who engaged in revenge tourism in the post-pandemic period. Findings revealed that disengagement was the main motivation to travel during this period. Three coping strategies were employed by travelers to overcome the crisis—engaging in growth, seeking strength, and hope and cautious optimism. Coping strategies employed by travelers enabled them to overcome the tensions experienced during the pandemic lockdown. These findings present a clear delineation of how travelers recover from the adversities of a pandemic crisis to travel again in its aftermath, thus contributing significantly to the tourism literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Derecho Penal y Criminologia is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia, Departamento de Derecho Penal y Criminologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The purpose of this paper is to explore polarization in the discourse of social media commentators over crimes of Revenge Porn. Revenge porn refers to "the nonconsensual sharing of intimate images" (Bond and Tyrrell 2021, 2166), videos, or other intimate material, which are weaponized against its victims. As with other crimes, revenge porn cases are highly discussed on social media, where users might (a) reproduce prejudice and stigma against victims or, contrarily, (b) resist victimblaming and shaming ideologies as a form of activism and call for empathy (Garcés-Conejos Blitvich and Bou-Franch 2019; Palomino-Manjón 2022). In light of this, this paper examines the discursive construction of the phenomenon of revenge porn and the evaluations proposed of victims and perpetrators on the social network YouTube with the aim of unveiling conflicting ideologies online. To this end, the present study analyzes a corpus of 14,000 comments (ca. 411,000 words) from four different YouTube videos tackling revenge porn cases. The paper adopts a Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) approach (Partington et al. 2013) and uses Sketch Engine to analyze the corpus. Additionally, a more detailed analysis of evaluative resources and linguistic patterns is carried out. Results show that polarized understandings of revenge porn abound in the corpus. Specifically, victim-blaming ideologies are discursively concealed, whereas traditional ideologies regarding sex are overtly encoded. Moreover, male users affiliate with newer constructions of masculinity and dissociate from the illegal actions attributed to perpetrators. Women/victims are generally derogated for not conforming to societal views of common-sensical sexual behavior or praised for their strength in standing social judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores practices of humiliating Germans during their forced removal from Eastern Europe in 1945. Despite decades of historical studies of expulsion and violence in modern states and colonial settings, this area of inquiry has not received much attention. Drawing on ego-documents written by displaced persons and official documents from local contexts, I argue that practices of humiliation directed against Germans became an integral part of the rebirth of nation-states shortly before and just after the end of the war on the Eastern front. Accepting popular rites of violence, including acts of humiliation, enabled the authorities to manage the widespread desire for revenge. This toleration simultaneously allowed ordinary people not only to participate in violence during the liminal phase of the transition from war to peace but also to engage in state- and nation-building from below. The state monopoly on violence was thus consolidated by integrating rites of violence and elements of popular justice—vengeance—into the official jurisdiction and institutional procedures for dealing with Nazi crimes. For East European societies, practices of humiliation directed against a hated enemy were perceived as legitimate justice: they redefined the sacral boundaries of national communities by giving ordinary people the feeling that they were protecting their purity and restoring their damaged honor. To explain the longevity and polycentrism of the European culture of violence, I also address the capacity of "deep" emotional memory to reactivate practices of violence across time and space through internalized rituals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a leader's childhood exposure to war influence their propensity to initiate conflicts? While much research explains leaders' national security policies using their combat and rebel experiences, few scholars have examined the effects of childhood wartime violence. I develop and test two competing arguments about the effects of childhood war trauma on future conflict behavior. One argument expects that leaders exposed to war at a young age will be less likely to initiate conflict because they fear its consequences. An alternative perspective expects that these leaders are more likely to initiate conflict out of anger and a desire for revenge. I test my hypotheses using an original dataset and a research design that reduces inference barriers. Leveraging variations in the level of violence experienced during wartime, I only compare leaders who were exposed to foreign military invasions as children. I find that those who experienced severe war trauma, such as family deaths, injuries, or displacement, are less likely to initiate interstate conflicts than those who did not experience such traumatic events. These effects are substantial, particularly when political constraints are weak. My results suggest that childhood war trauma has a long-term impact on leaders' conservatism about using force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelopidarum secunda is an understudied anonymous English adaptation of Seneca's Agamemnon and Sophocles' Electra. The play is preserved only in manuscript and was probably performed at Winchester College around 1590. Through a combination of Marvin Carlson's notions of 'ghosting' and of the 'site of memory' with a neo‐historicist approach, the article offers a close analysis of this neglected school play from an intertextual, performative, and extratextual perspective. The analysis shows that the play is haunted by memories of its classical sources and of other performance contexts, including the church, and contains potential allusions to contemporary royal figures. In so doing, I argue that Pelopidarum secunda showcases the role of classical models in the history of Elizabethan revenge tragedy. By conjuring up memorable sources—Sophocles and Seneca—and events—past performances and executions—the unknown playwright(s) had the ambition to make Pelopidarum secunda equally memorable. Although this attempt has evidently failed given the obscurity into which the play has fallen so far, Pelopidarum secunda deserves a place in the archival memory of classical reception as well as further scholarly attention within early modern English drama studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cruelty as a character trait and as a large‐group praxis has existed from times immemorial. It is witnessed among all religious, ethnic, and national groups. A complex phenomenon, cruelty has five features that refer to its being (i) destructive, (ii) intentional, (iii) pleasurable to the perpetrator, (iv) inhumane, and (v) unethical. The etiology of cruelty is complex and involves myriad biopsychosocial variables. Attempts at its amelioration center upon education, empathy‐building, and victim‐empowerment. All such proposals are thoroughly elucidated and illustrated with the help of clinical vignettes and socio‐historical events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Filling Life with Life: Posthumous Interview with Don Rafael Alvira" is an interview conducted with Rafael Alvira, a philosopher and professor of History of Philosophy. In the interview, Alvira talks about his education and training, highlighting the importance of true love and affection in his family, as well as the influence of his father as an educator. They also discuss love, knowledge, and surprise in life, emphasizing the importance of getting to know the loved one and how love and knowledge are fundamental in a lasting marriage. Additionally, his relationship with colleagues in the profession is mentioned, and the importance of Socratic dialogue in the search for truth is discussed. Lastly, topics such as revenge and education are addressed, where Alvira expresses his opinion on revenge as an act of pettiness and highlights the importance of living knowledge and transmitting it with love. [Extracted from the article]

Although declarations of the death of God seem to be provocations announcing the end of the era of theology, this announcement is actually central to the Christian revelation in its most classic forms, as well as to its reworkings in contemporary religious thought. Indeed provocative new possibilities for thinking theologically open up precisely in the wake of the death of God. Already Hegel envisaged a revolutionary new realization of divinity emerging in and with the secular world through its establishment of a total order of immanence. However, in postmodern times this comprehensive order aspired to by modern secularism implodes or cracks open towards the wholly Other. A hitherto repressed demand for the absolute difference of the religious, or for "transcendence", returns with a vengeance. This difference is what could not be stated in terms of the Hegelian System, for reasons that poststructuralist writers particularly have insisted on: all representations of God are indeed dead. Yet this does not mean that they cannot still be powerful, but only that they cannot assign God any stable identity. Nietzsche's sense of foreboding concerning the death of God is coupled with his intimations of the demise of representation and "grammar" as epistemologically bankrupt, but also with his vision of a positive potential for creating value in the wake of this collapse of all linguistically articulated culture. He points the way towards the emergence of a post-secular religious thinking of what exceeds thought and representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]