1. Type I interferon and HIV: Subtle balance between antiviral activity, immunopathogenesis and the microbiome
- Author
-
Guido Antonelli and Carolina Scagnolari
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,BST-2, bone marrow stromal antigen 2 ,PRR ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,TREX1, intracellular enzyme 3′ repair exonuclease ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,DR5, death receptor5 ,IFI16, IFNγ-inducible protein ,Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta ,ISGs ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus Replication ,Mx2, and myxovirus resistance 2 ,MSM, men who have sex with men ,pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells ,PRRs, pattern recognition receptors ,Interferon ,CPSF6, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 ,Immunology and Allergy ,Gut ,ISGs, IFNstimulated genes ,PDL-1, programmed death-ligand 1 ,TLR, toll-like receptors ,MYD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ,Bak, Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer ,Desensitization (medicine) ,Ifn response ,IL-10, interleukin-10 ,IFNAR, IFNA receptor ,SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism ,JAK-STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription ,MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α ,HCV, hepatitis C virus ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Interferon Type I ,IFITMs, IFN-induced transmembrane proteins ,NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of B cell ,DCs, dendritic cells ,cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthasec ,APOBEC, apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3 ,medicine.drug ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,LCMV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ,SNP ,Biology ,IFN ,IFNα subtypes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,PKR, protein kinase R ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,CCL20, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 ,Age ,medicine ,Humans ,IFN, interferon ,Microbiome ,TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand ,TF, transmitted founder ,SOCS3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,SAMHD1, sterile alfa motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain containing protein 1 ,IRFs, IFN regulatory factors ,IFNλ ,IFNα receptor ,RIG1, retinoic acid inducible gene 1 protein ,Gender ,HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue ,Chronic infection ,030104 developmental biology ,HIV-1 ,IP10, IFNγ-inducible protein 10 ,2-5 OAS, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase - Abstract
Graphical abstract, Highlights • Induction and action of IFN during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection. • Host and viral factors influencing IFN response in HIV-1 infected patients. • Type I IFN and IFNα subtypes signatures and their antiviral activity during HIV-1 infection. • The microbiome and intestinal IFN responses relationship in HIV-1 infection and disease., Type I interferon (IFN) response initially limits HIV-1 spread and may delay disease progression by stimulating several immune system components. Nonetheless, persistent exposure to type I IFN in the chronic phase of HIV-1 infection is associated with desensitization and/or detrimental immune activation, thereby hindering immune recovery and fostering viral persistence. This review provides a basis for understanding the complexity and function of IFN pleiotropic activity in HIV-1 infection. In particular, the dichotomous role of the IFN response in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis will be discussed, highlighting recent advances in the dynamic modulation of IFN production in acute versus chronic infection, expression signatures of IFN subtypes, and viral and host factors affecting the magnitude of IFN response during HIV-1 infection. Lastly, the review gives a forward-looking perspective on the interplay between microbiome compositions and IFN response.
- Published
- 2018