Search

JWST has discovered a large population of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshift, which are weak in the X-rays. Here we present the NIRSpec spectrum of the most extreme of these objects, GN-28074, an AGN at |$z=2.26$| with prominent hydrogen and He  i  broad lines, and with the highest limit on the bolometric to X-ray luminosity ratio among all spectroscopically confirmed AGN in GOODS. This source is also characterized by a mid-IR excess, likely associated with the AGN torus' hot dust. The high bolometric luminosity and moderate redshift of this AGN allow us to explore its properties more in depth relative to other JWST -discovered AGN. The NIRSpec spectrum reveals prominent, slightly blueshifted absorption of H |$\alpha$|⁠ , H |$\beta$|⁠ , and He  i   |$\lambda$| 10830. The Balmer absorption lines require gas with densities of |$n_{\rm H}\gt 10^8~{\rm cm}^{-3}$|⁠ , consistent with clouds in the broad-line region (BLR). This finding suggests that part of the X-ray weakness is due to high (Compton-thick) X-ray absorption by clouds in the BLR, or in its outer regions. GN-28074 is also extremely radio-weak. The radio weakness can also be explained in terms of absorption, as the inferred density of the BLR clouds makes them attenuate the radio emission through free–free absorption. Alternatively, the nuclear magnetic field may be underdeveloped, resulting both in intrinsically weak radio emission and lack of hot corona, hence intrinsic X-ray weakness. Finally, we show that recently proposed scenarios, invoking hyper-dense outflows or Raman scattering to explain the broad H |$\alpha$|⁠ , are ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the impact of mobile apps on language learning, focusing on the improvement of linguistic competencies and student motivation. Five popular applications (Duolingo, Babbel, Rosetta Stone, Memrise, and Busuu) were analyzed in an experimental group through standardized tests and qualitative evaluations, before and after a study period. The results showed that students who used these apps experienced significant improvements in their language skills compared to a control group. Interactivity, personalization and gamification were identified as the main contributions to these positive outcomes, with gamification highlighted as a crucial driver of motivation. Nonetheless, the study also emphasized the need for a more robust pedagogical design in the apps to equitably address all language areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We spectroscopically confirm the M UV = −20.5 mag galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 to be at redshift z = 12.34. The source was selected via NIRCam photometry in GLASS-JWST Early Release Science data, providing the first evidence of a surprising abundance of bright galaxies at z ≳ 10. The NIRSpec PRISM spectrum shows detections of N iv, C iv, He ii, O iii, C iii, O ii, and Ne iii lines and the first detection at high redshift of the O iii Bowen fluorescence line at 3133 Å rest frame. The prominent C iv line with rest-frame equivalent width (EW) ≈ 46 Å puts GHZ2 in the category of extreme C iv emitters. GHZ2 displays UV lines with EWs that are only found in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or composite objects at low/intermediate redshifts. The UV line-intensity ratios are compatible with both AGNs and star formation in a low-metallicity environment, with the low limit on the [Ne iv ]/[N iv ] ratio favoring a stellar origin of the ionizing photons. We discuss a possible scenario in which the high ionizing output is due to low-metallicity stars forming in a dense environment. We estimate a metallicity ≲0.1 Z / Z ⊙, a high ionization parameter log U > −2, a N/O abundance 4–5 times the solar value, and a subsolar C/O ratio similar to the recently discovered class of nitrogen-enhanced objects. Considering its abundance patterns and the high stellar mass density (104 M ⊙ pc−2), GHZ2 is an ideal formation site for the progenitors of today's globular clusters. The remarkable brightness of GHZ2 makes it a "Rosetta stone" for understanding the physics of galaxy formation within just 360 Myr after the Big Bang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research delves into the intricate web of linguistic borrowings in trade terminologies between Ancient Indian languages (Sanskrit, Prakrit) and Egyptian languages (Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Demotic script) spanning from approximately 3300 BCE to 500 CE. Through a meticulous analysis of selected literary texts and inscriptions, including the Hathigumpha Inscription, Rudradaman I Inscription, Junagadh Rock Inscriptions, Nasik Cave Inscriptions, Rosetta Stone, Satirical Papyrus, and Turin Taxation Papyrus, the study unravels the linguistic evolution and cultural exchanges embedded within ancient trade networks. Contextualizing these linguistic borrowings within the historical framework of trade routes, maritime activities, and economic exchanges, the research sheds light on the nuances of communication and adaptation in commercial interactions. By employing rigorous research methodologies and comparative studies, the findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how language served as a bridge for commerce, diplomacy, and cultural exchange between these ancient civilizations. This study not only contributes to the fields of linguistic history and ancient trade studies but also offers valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of language, trade, and cultural connectivity in the ancient world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for numerous malignancies and is emerging as an increasingly revolutionary and promising approach for cancer treatment. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) screening, a potent tool for unbiased functional genomic screening, has unveiled novel molecular targets for cancer immunotherapy. CRISPR/Cas9 screening facilitates the identification of targets in both cancer cells and immune cells, including T and natural killer cells. Various CRISPR screening methods such as in vitro and in vivo screening, along with diverse techniques including CRISPR-ko, CRISPRi, and CRISPRa screening, are utilized for target identification across various cancer models. In vivo CRISPR screening replicates human cancer by preserving the native microenvironment and facilitating high-throughput analysis of intricate cancer processes. Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based technology, a powerful toolset for the unbiased functional genomic screening of biological processes, has facilitated several scientific breakthroughs in the biomedical field. Cancer immunotherapy has advanced the treatment of numerous malignancies that previously had restricted treatment options or unfavorable outcomes. In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, the application of CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genetic perturbation screening has enabled the identification of genes, biomarkers, and signaling pathways that govern various cancer immunoreactivities, as well as the development of effective immunotherapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the advances in CRISPR/Cas9-based screening for cancer immunotherapy and outline the immunotherapeutic targets identified via CRISPR screening based on cancer-type classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ongoing change in legislation means decision‐makers in Aotearoa New Zealand need to incorporate 'mātauranga' (Māori knowledge/knowledge system) in central and local government legislation and strategy. This paper develops a 'te ao Māori' (Māori worldview) disaster risk reduction (DRR) framework for non‐Māori decision‐makers to guide them through this process. This 'interface framework' will function as a Rosetta Stone between the 'two worlds'. It intends to help central and local officials trained in Western knowledge‐based disciplines by translating standard DRR concepts into a te ao Māori DRR framework. It draws on previous work examining Māori DRR thinking to create a novel framework that can help these stakeholders when they are converting higher‐level theoretical insights from mātauranga Māori into more practical 'on the ground' applications. This type of interface is essential: while Indigenous knowledge's utility is increasingly recognised nationally and internationally, a gap remains between this acknowledgement and its practical and applied integration into emergency management legislation and strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges faced by a medical student and later a physician who has bipolar disorder and autism. The individual recounts experiences of stigma, discrimination, and struggles with the medical education system due to their neurodiversity. Despite facing adversity, the individual eventually finds self-compassion and advocates for greater acceptance and accommodation of non-normative practitioners in the medical field. The article highlights the need for understanding, support, and inclusivity for individuals with disabilities in medical education and practice. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Herz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This mixed-methods study examined the effectiveness of Rosetta Stone, a mobile-based language learning application, on Chinese EFL students' listening, speaking, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and foreign language anxiety (FLA). Two groups of intermediate Chinese EFL students from a language institute, with 33 students in the control group and 36 in the experimental group, were recruited as the participants. The treatment lasted for 3 months, with the experimental group using Rosetta Stone in addition to in-class instruction whereas the control group received only the regular in-class instruction. Data collection involved administering IELTS module tests of speaking and listening, FLE and FLA scales, as well as semistructured interviews. ANCOVA, paired samples test, and content analysis were used for the data analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. The results indicate that the experimental group showed significant improvements in their listening, speaking, FLE, and reduced FLA more than the control group. The results of the qualitative data indicated that the students had positive attitudes toward mobile-based language learning. The qualitative findings provided further support to the quantitative results and highlighted the convenience, flexibility, and engaging nature of the application. The outcomes stressed the potential benefits of using mobile-based language learning tools like Rosetta Stone as an effective supplementary method for improving EFL learning outcomes and promoting positive affective variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

tRNAs are among the most abundant and essential biomolecules in cells. These spontaneously folding, extensively structured yet conformationally flexible anionic polymers literally bridge the worlds of RNAs and proteins, and serve as Rosetta stones that decipher and interpret the genetic code. Their ubiquitous presence, functional irreplaceability, and privileged access to cellular compartments and ribosomes render them prime targets for both endogenous regulation and exogenous manipulation. There is essentially no part of the tRNA that is not touched by another interaction partner, either as programmed or imposed by an external adversary. Recent progresses in genetic, biochemical, and structural analyses of the tRNA interactome produced a wealth of new knowledge into their interaction networks, regulatory functions, and molecular interfaces. In this review, I describe and illustrate the general principles of tRNA recognition by proteins and other RNAs, and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms that deliver affinity, specificity, and functional competency. [Display omitted] tRNAs are virtually everywhere in cells and every part of the tRNA is recognized by a protein or RNA partner. From a structural perspective, Jinwei Zhang summarizes and illustrates the principles, interfaces, and mechanisms of tRNA recognition from birth to death, by both endogenous partners and exogenous manipulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Objective of the study was to ascertain how Rosetta Stone in English class affected students' ability to pronounce English. This methodology employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with 30 samples split into two groups. The technique used was non-probability sampling. Pronunciation test technique was employed for data collecting. To compare Pronunciation abilities before and after using Rosetta Stone, data analysis used a t-test. The findings demonstrated that the t-Stat statements derived from the material discussed had value. A key element of Pronunciation is the students' capacity to pronounce the words and sentences that are practiced by imitating the application. The findings of this study have significance for students' knowledge of how to pronounce the words and sentences correctly and influence their level of pronunciation. The findings demonstrated that the t-test-table value was (1,699 <9,950 > 1,331), indicating that Rosetta Stone gave a significant effect on treatment class on students' pronunciation. This result finding recommend other researcher to use the Rosetta Stone as an alternative media used for future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout human history, imperial powers colonized other countries and, subsequently, took much of their cultural property. Today, previously looted countries actively seek the return of their cultural property while former colonial powers face the decision of whether to return appropriated artifacts and remains. The United States and United Kingdom (U.K.) serve as two juxtaposing case studies, highlighting the willingness to and resistance against the repatriation of cultural property. The United States maintains a large and successful repatriation program. Under the 1990 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, federally funded museums must inventory and return cultural property with connections to Native American tribes. Conversely, the U.K. enacted two weak laws to govern the return of cultural property: the Human Tissue Act of 2004 and the Holocaust (Return of Cultural Objects) Act of 2009. Because neither U.K. Act mandates the repatriation of relevant cultural property, the Acts leave the decision of whether to repatriate to the museums benefiting from possessing the property. The British public largely abhors their government's strong stance of ownership over previously colonized countries' cultural property--notably the British claim of ownership over the Parthenon Marbles, Benin Bronzes, and Rosetta Stone. Furthermore, international organizations promote repatriation and reproach the U.K.'s resistance toward repatriation. With little to no international or domestic support regarding their retention of such property, the U.K. should reconsider a practical repatriation framework. This Comment recommends that the U.K. should look to the United States's successful framework and adopt a similar approach. Nevertheless, the Comment also addresses issues with the United States's framework of dealing with cultural property--principally, the lack of an exception for scientific studies--and presents the U.K. with strategies to mediate such issues. This Comment ultimately proposes legislation that would be amenable to the U.K., with the hope that the legislation balances the public's desire to repatriate cultural property with the British government's apparent desire to retain as much cultural property as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the impact of utilizing the Rosetta stone application as a means to improve English speaking skills among second-grade junior high school students. The study employs a qualitative case study approach and data content analysis to delve deeply into the experiences and perceptions of the students regarding their English-speaking skill development through the application. Using a modified questionnaire and depth interviews, the researcher collected data through share the questionnaires to 34 students and interviews conducted with three participants. The results reveal that the majority of students express positive perceptions about the application's impact on English speaking abilities, citing improvements in confidence, vocabulary, accent, and overall learning experience. Overall, these findings underline the dynamic nature of language learning and the potential for continuous improvement in educational technology through targeted enhancements and further empirical exploration. These findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating technology like Rosetta Stone in language learning environments, offering diverse speaking practice opportunities, immersive learning experiences, and targeted feedback that contribute to overall language proficiency. The findings of this study could be useful for language learners who are seeking to improve their language skills as well as for educators and developers who are interested in creating effective language learning tools.

The article discusses the development of a tool called PSYCHS, which aims to bridge the gap between two existing frameworks for assessing individuals at risk of developing psychosis. The tool addresses challenges related to the criteria for attenuated positive symptoms and the use of antipsychotic medication. The article emphasizes the importance of considering not only positive symptoms but also negative and disorganized symptoms in assessing individuals at risk. It also suggests the need for a comprehensive exploration of the experiential foundations of psychotic symptoms and a developmental focus on precursors of psychopathological vulnerabilities. Overall, the article acknowledges the progress made with the PSYCHS tool but highlights the need for further refinement and enhancement in the assessment of individuals at risk of psychosis. [Extracted from the article]

With the widespread application of virtual reality (VR) in education, optimizing foreign language learning in VR has become a focal point of research. This paper introduces a comprehensive theoretical framework (VR-CCL) based on constructivism and cognitive load theory to enhance foreign language learning in VR. Through a literature review, we explore the applications of VR in education, foreign language learning theories, and prior works on technology-assisted language learning. We further detail the three main components of the VR-CCL framework and validate its effectiveness through two case studies: Duolingo VR and Rosetta Stone VR. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the framework and its implications for educators and developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physical model, based on energy balances, is proposed to describe the fractures in solid structures such as stelae, tiles, glass, and others. We applied the model to investigate the transition of the Rosetta Stone from the original state to the final state with three major fractures. We consider a statistical corner-breaking model with cutting rules. We obtain a probability distribution as a function of the area and the number of vertices. Our generic results are consistent with the current state of the Rosetta Stone and, additionally, predictions related to a fourth fracture are declared. The loss of information on such heritage pieces is considered through entropy production. The explicit quantification of this concept in information theory stays examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the impact of digital teaching method in the form of Rosetta Stone program on the quality of English language acquisition. The study involved 320 third-year students who study in the People's Republic of China. Group B post-assessment results show an increase in scores on the four assessment criteria: reading, listening, writing, and speaking after the Rosetta Stone intervention. Reading skills increased by 33.6%, listening by 26.0%, writing by 48.6%, and speaking by 20.5%. Students from group B who were additionally Rosetta Stone users had a 7.4% higher average achievement rate than the control group, which proves the effectiveness of the program in the context of English language learning. Correlations were calculated between the cumulative score of the specific criteria and the general criteria as well as the individual assessment categories, all correlations were positive, weak, medium, or strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Riddle of the Rosetta" by Jed Buchwald and Diane Josefowicz is a book that explores the lives and careers of Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion, two individuals who played significant roles in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs. The book is divided into four parts, with the first part focusing on Young's upbringing, scientific training, and his interest in languages and medicine. The second part discusses the discovery of the Rosetta Stone and the subsequent studies conducted by English and French scholars. The third part delves into Champollion's background, education, and his work on hieroglyphs. The final section explores the race to decipher hieroglyphs and Champollion's eventual success. The book challenges the notion of a rivalry between Young and Champollion, emphasizing that their relationship was more of an emulation rather than a quarrel. It also highlights the contributions of other scholars in the field and the reliance of Young and Champollion on the work of their predecessors. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a memorial for Michael B. A. Oldstone, a renowned researcher in the field of infectious diseases and virology. Oldstone's interest in the subject began in junior high school and he went on to receive a medical degree in 1961. He conducted his research career at the Scripps Research Institute, focusing on the immune pathology of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). His work with LCMV led to important discoveries in viral pathogenesis and immunity, with implications for human diseases. Oldstone received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the field and trained over 80 postdoctoral fellows. He was also committed to communicating biomedical science to the public and authored a book on the subject. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Dearq is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Sangdanlin section in southern Tibet represents a geologic Rosetta stone to constrain the initiation of the India--Asia collision from its sedimentary and paleomagnetic records. However, geoscientists have arrived at fundamentally divergent interpretations surrounding the age of the strata and its paleomagnetic record. Here, we report paleontologic, petrographic, and paleomagnetic data from the Sangdanlin section that recognize the sequence as a thrust complex containing interlaced Barremian--Albian (Early Cretaceous) and Paleocene strata, each separated by thrust faults. Recognizing two complexly interwoven formations of distinctly different ages contradicts a continuous stratigraphic superposition. Assigning an Early Cretaceous, instead of Paleocene, age to the units collected for paleomagnetic data revises paleogeographic models thereby supporting a large (2,000 to 3,000 km) extent of Greater India, with collision initiating at 55 ± 5 Ma in the western Himalayas. A contiguous plate in the Neotethys Ocean precludes that Asia's southern margin was built through a succession of accreted terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So widespread was Paisiello's fame that when Mozart and Clementi competed as keyboard players they were given a theme from a Paisiello opera (4), and both Mozart and Beethoven wrote variations on themes by Paisiello (91). His near contemporary Domenico Cimarosa (1749-1801) would win positions and commissions that Mozart must have envied, and his somewhat older contemporary Giovanni Paisiello (1740-1816) achieved heights of fame and fortune beyond what the Salzburg Wunderkind likely thought a musician could attain. The four music conservatories of Naples were originally orphanages (they conserved children) and they chose music as the trade to teach their wards (44). [Extracted from the article]

Experimental results are presented that serve to lower the barrier for developing the science and technology of non‐classical thermotropic glycolipid mesophases, which now include dodecagonal quasicrystal (DDQC) and Frank–Kasper (FK) A15 and σ mesophases that can be produced under mild conditions from a versatile class of sugar‐polyolefin conjugates. By employing "alloys" comprised of mono‐ and disaccharide‐polyolefin conjugates, and optionally with vitamin E as a small molecule phase modulator, we report the spontaneous formation of stable A15 mesophases at ambient temperature. We further document a rich thermotropic phase map that includes DDQC, A15, and σ mesophases of tunable periodicity that are connected through rapid thermotropic phase transitions as a function of increasing temperature in the order: liquid‐like packing (LLP)→DDQC → A15→σ→ disorder. This first direct observation of a rapid thermotropic A15→σ phase transition provides support for a diffusionless martensitic process proceeding through strain‐induced introduction of planar defects into the A15 lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stratum at Tell Timai shows extensive evidence of violent destruction dating to the early 2nd century b.c. Burning, rapid abandonment of objects in a house, destruction of a kiln complex, weaponry, and unburied bodies spread over a wide area in North Tell Timai indicate the city of Thmouis was subject to an episode of warfare. The destruction at Thmouis parallels an account of the destruction of another Nile Delta city, Lycopolis, in the nome of Busiris, during The Great Revolt described on the Rosetta Stone (196 b.c.). Another stela from Memphis also refers to the Ptolemaic campaign in the region. The evidence from Tell Timai provides the first archaeological correlate of destruction during the Great Revolt in the Nile Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the history of the recognition of principal regulatory capacities of estrogen hormones having been mistakenly regarded as breast cancer promoting agents for more than 120 years. Comprehensive analysis of the results of clinical, epidemiological, immunological and molecular studies justified that endogenous estrogens are the principal regulators of embryonic development, survival and reproduction via orchestrating appropriate expression and even edition of all genes in mammalians. Medical use of chemically modified synthetic estrogens caused toxic complications; thromboembolic events and increased cancer risk in female organs as they proved to be endocrine disruptors deregulating estrogen receptors (ERs) rather than their activators. Synthetic estrogen treatment exhibits ambiguous correlations with cancer risk at different sites, which may be attributed to an inhibition of the unliganded activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) coupled with compensatory liganded activation. The principle of estrogen induced breast cancer led to the introduction of antiestrogen therapies against this tumor; inhibition of the liganded activation of estrogen receptors and aromatase enzyme activity. The initial enthusiasm turned into disappointment as the majority of breast cancers proved to be primarily resistant to antiestrogens. In addition, nearly all patients showing earlier good tumor responses to endocrine therapy, later experienced secondary resistance leading to metastatic disease and fatal outcome. Studying the molecular events in tumors responsive and unresponsive to antiestrogen therapy, it was illuminated that a complete inhibition of liganded ER activation stimulates the growth of cancers, while a successful compensatory upregulation of estrogen signal may achieve DNA restoration, tumor regression and patient's survival. Recognition of the principal role of endogenous estrogens in gene expression, gene edition and DNA repair, estrogen treatment and stimulation of ER expression in patients may bring about a great turn in medical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While qualitative scholars may agree that the set of considerations that Small and Calarco suggest are good ones, it is actually much less straightforward to identify whether researchers have done them well. While qualitative researchers may not be shocked by the standards that the authors provide, as these have been discussed by numerous qualitative researchers and methods-books, putting different discussions in one place in clear writing is important. While Small and Calarco leverage some powerful examples of existing studies to showcase work that excel in the standards, the examples of shoddy research are conjured up. [Extracted from the article]

In previous studies, we have identified the tumor suppressor proteins Fhit (fragile histidine triad) and Nit1 (Nitrilase1) as interaction partners of β-catenin both acting as repressors of the canonical Wnt pathway. Interestingly, in D. melanogaster and C. elegans these proteins are expressed as NitFhit fusion proteins. According to the Rosetta Stone hypothesis, if proteins are expressed as fusion proteins in one organism and as single proteins in others, the latter should interact physically and show common signaling function. Here, we tested this hypothesis and provide the first biochemical evidence for a direct association between Nit1 and Fhit. In addition, size exclusion chromatography of purified recombinant human Nit1 showed a tetrameric structure as also previously observed for the NitFhit Rosetta Stone fusion protein Nft-1 in C. elegans. Finally, in line with the Rosetta Stone hypothesis we identified Hsp60 and Ubc9 as other common interaction partners of Nit1 and Fhit. The interaction of Nit1 and Fhit may affect their enzymatic activities as well as interaction with other binding partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polanyi is widely known for his development of personal knowledge, but he was also keenly interested in what can be called, personal existence. The historical backdrop of reviving, the once dead language of, Egyptian Hieroglyphics provides valuable insights into Polanyi's critique of objectivism and deciphering a human ontology. From applying physiognostic to telegnostic information to understanding static and dynamic meaning, Polanyi's philosophy of language and machines provides a wealth of vantage points from which to study who and what we are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Educação & Formação is the property of Revista Educacao & Formacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary scientific goal of ICARUS (Investigation of Coronal AcceleRation and heating of solar wind Up to the Sun), a mother-daughter satellite mission, proposed in response to the ESA "Voyage 2050" Call, will be to determine how the magnetic field and plasma dynamics in the outer solar atmosphere give rise to the corona, the solar wind, and the entire heliosphere. Reaching this goal will be a Rosetta Stone step, with results that are broadly applicable within the fields of space plasma physics and astrophysics. Within ESA's Cosmic Vision roadmap, these science goals address Theme 2: "How does the Solar System work?" by investigating basic processes occurring "From the Sun to the edge of the Solar System". ICARUS will not only advance our understanding of the plasma environment around our Sun, but also of the numerous magnetically active stars with hot plasma coronae. ICARUS I will perform the first direct in situ measurements of electromagnetic fields, particle acceleration, wave activity, energy distribution, and flows directly in the regions in which the solar wind emerges from the coronal plasma. ICARUS I will have a perihelion altitude of 1 solar radius and will cross the region where the major energy deposition occurs. The polar orbit of ICARUS I will enable crossing the regions where both the fast and slow winds are generated. It will probe the local characteristics of the plasma and provide unique information about the physical processes involved in the creation of the solar wind. ICARUS II will observe this region using remote-sensing instruments, providing simultaneous, contextual information about regions crossed by ICARUS I and the solar atmosphere below as observed by solar telescopes. It will thus provide bridges for understanding the magnetic links between the heliosphere and the solar atmosphere. Such information is crucial to our understanding of the plasma physics and electrodynamics of the solar atmosphere. ICARUS II will also play a very important relay role, enabling the radio-link with ICARUS I. It will receive, collect, and store information transmitted from ICARUS I during its closest approach to the Sun. It will also perform preliminary data processing before transmitting it to Earth. Performing such unique in situ observations in the area where presumably hazardous solar energetic particles are energized, ICARUS will provide fundamental advances in our capabilities to monitor and forecast the space radiation environment. Therefore, the results from the ICARUS mission will be extremely crucial for future space explorations, especially for long-term crewed space missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar gravity modes are considered the Rosetta Stone for probing and subsequently deciphering the physical properties of the solar inner-most layers. Recent claims of positive detection therefore shed some new light on the long-standing issue of estimating solar gravity mode amplitudes. In this article, our objective is to review the theoretical efforts intended to predict solar gravity-mode amplitudes. Because most of these studies assume analogous driving and damping properties to those of the observed acoustic modes, we also provide a short overview of our current knowledge for these modes in the Sun and solar-type stars (which show solar-like oscillations) before diving into the specific problem of solar gravity modes. Finally, taking recent estimates into account, we conclude and confirm that the low-frequency domain (typically between 10 μ Hz and 100 μ Hz ) is certainly best suited to focus on for detecting solar gravity modes. More precisely, around 60 μ Hz (approximately four-hour period), the theoretical estimates are only slightly lower than the observational detection threshold as provided by the GOLF (Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies) instrument by about a factor of two. This is typically within the current uncertainties associated with theoretical estimates and should motivate us to improve our knowledge on turbulence in the whole solar convective region, which is key to improving the accuracy of g -mode amplitude estimates. The recent detection of solar inertial modes (Gizon et al., Astron. Astrophys.652, L6, 2021) combined with the continuous development of numerical simulations provide interesting prospects for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous noninvasive and invasive electrophysiological recordings provide a unique opportunity to achieve a comprehensive understanding of human brain activity, much like a Rosetta stone for human neuroscience. In this review we focus on the increasingly-used powerful combination of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). We first provide practical insight on how to achieve these technically challenging recordings. We then provide examples from clinical research on how simultaneous recordings are advancing our understanding of epilepsy. This is followed by the illustration of how human neuroscience and methodological advances could benefit from these simultaneous recordings. We conclude with a call for open data sharing and collaboration, while ensuring neuroethical approaches and argue that only with a true collaborative approach the promises of simultaneous recordings will be fulfilled. • Complementary views of simultaneous scalp EEG / MEG and intracranial EEG in humans. • Simultaneous recordings are advancing our understanding of epilepsy. • Simultaneous recordings are improving our understanding of human neuroscience. • Simultaneous recordings provide a ground truth for source localization. • Data sharing within neuroethical boundaries is essential to advance the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]