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This study gives an insight into the agriculture sector in Romania, over the last 10 years (2011-2020). The analysis draws on secondary data recorded in different databases and reports. An aggregate assessment of main agricultural macroeconomic indicators has been carried out at a wider scale. The country-specific analysis aims at identifying and evaluating main insights impacting the supply and demand side of agricultural or agriculture-related products and services and serves as a basis in quantifying the need for different interventions and mechanisms to support the agricultural sector. The target group consisted of agricultural holdings dealing with the primary production of agricultural products listed in Annex I of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

In the contemporary era of medicine, exploring the complexity of the human body and its intricate interactions has become a central concern for health researchers. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the current understanding of relevant pathophysiological factors such as chronic inflammation, dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), and metabolic disorders, as well as etiological factors including dietary habits, lifestyle choices, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and genetic predispositions, as well as to emphasize potential avenues for upcoming studies and their medical significance. Additionally, this article aims to assess the potential impact of integrated treatment approaches on patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between gastroenterologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals to develop comprehensive care plans that address both oral and digestive health issues simultaneously. Among the branches with a significant impact on general well-being are oral cavity health and digestive diseases, which have been the subject of intensive research in recent decades. In this context, analysis of the current state of knowledge on oral cavity disorders in relation to "modern" digestive diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) becomes essential for a deeper understanding of the interconnections between oral and digestive health. The temporal overlap or succession, whether preceding or following, of oral manifestations and digestive disorders should be taken seriously by both gastroenterologists and dentists to facilitate early diagnosis and explain to patients the correlation between these two body systems. In summary, this article underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between oral and digestive health, advocating for interdisciplinary approaches to improve patient outcomes and guide future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present action comes as a result of some recent legislative changes, at the level of Romania, more precisely the criminalization of "revenge pornography", but not as a distinct act, according to the provisions of the Criminal Code, but as a variant of committing the crime of violation of private life. Taking into account the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights on the right to private life, we want to analyse to what extent and how the national legislator of other Member States of the European Union understood to criminalize the behaviour mentioned above. Moreover, considering the criminalization of child pornography, from the European Council Convention on Computer Crime, as well as from the Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 13, 2011, we want to analyse the opportunity of the existence in Romanian legislation of a distinct criminalization, with the name of "revenge pornography", in the same title of the special part of the Criminal Code as the crime of child pornography, taking into account the protected social value, while observing whether such an orientation is found in the criminal legislation of other Member States. Another aspect that will be considered from the perspective of applying the law to different cases brought to justice is that related to international judicial cooperation when the object of criminal protection is private life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollution of surface or underground water sources is done by physical, chemical, and biological means, the ecological effects manifesting themselves through the modification of abiotic factors and implicitly all trophic levels. Evacuated unprocessed, untreated and accidentally ending up in emissions or on the ground, the liquid wastes contribute to the heating of the water and the decrease of oxygenation degree determined by the acceleration of the organic mass decomposition phenomena and on the soil by degrading its quality by increasing the amount of nitrogen. These effects the more visible in the researched area, Arad County in the vicinity of swine farms and especially in the area of former treatment plants belonging to disused farms, where the waters of the area, due to the activity of aerobic microorganisms, flourished and some species of fauna and flora even disappeared if the discharged faeces, after a certain processing the CBO5 parameter had 45.1-55.0 mg·L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to identify risks and challenges for alternative forms of work during online classes for teaching personnel. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) affect the body’s bones, muscles, joints, ligaments/tendons, and nerves. Musculoskeletal health risk in the educational sector should be taken into consideration to ensure the safety and healthy employees, especially when online classes require a physical inactivity and a prolonged sitting in front of the computer. MSD management requires an integrated approach integrating wellbeing with a focus on prevention, recognizing physical, social and emotional influences and early intervention. Workplace wellness has been a valuable tool and technique for maximizing employee health and workplace efficiency.

In 29 October 1975 Council Regulation of European Economic Community (EEC) provided the common organization of the pig meat market. In 1984, EEC considered it necessary to lay down general rules ensuring uniform grading of pig carcasses. The main objective of this paper is to describe how pig carcass classification implemented by EU legislation has become a core strategic competition between manufacturers. In the European Commission the carcass classification system is assimilated as an instrument of intervention. This guarantees the agricultural community a decent life. The classification and payment system promoted by EU producers ensure greater transparency of the market, providing to the economic agents involved in the sector quick access to information on evolution of prices in different markets.

The interpretation of a legal norm and its correct application to concrete cases depends on its understanding. It is therefore necessary that certain phrases or certain terms benefit from a legal definition. Sometimes, depending on the amendments and additions that are made by the legislator in the content of an incrimination norm, the legal provision that includes the definition of the concept used in that norm is also amended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the medical profession, as well as that of the other categories of personnel in the health system, is undeniable, especially in the context in which we recently faced a pandemic. The people who exercise these professions benefit from the perspective of criminal law also by the protection offered by the provisions of art. 652 of Law no. 95/2006. On the one hand, related to the provisions of the Criminal Code in force, we consider it necessary to intervene in the sense that the legislator has to make changes regarding the content of the article mentioned above. On the other hand, I have not found in the legislation in force criminalization rules that confer increased protection from the perspective of the criminal law for people who exercise professions other than those in the health system, with the exception of the provisions criminalizing acts of outrage, respectively judicial outrage, but the reason for the existence of these criminalization rules resides in protecting mainly the authority of the state, as well as the administration of justice. In this context, it is interesting to analyse what would be the solution from the criminal law point of view to grant protection to all professional categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific paper examines the impact of climate change on the spread and survival of the invasive species Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832 (oak lace bug, or OLB) in Romania. The OLB is native to the Eastern USA and Canada, and in its native habitat, it coexists with minimal impact to the preferred host plant species Quercus. However, in Europe, the OLB in high density causes early defoliation, slowing tree growth. As Quercus spp. is a keystone species, the impact of the OLB on European forests is significant. This paper aims to address several gaps in knowledge about the OLB by presenting findings from a study conducted by the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu (ULBS) in Romania. The study identified the species' chronology of spread, ecology, ethology and biology of the species, in addition to foliage classification to determine the extent of attack. The study found a direct link between the temperature and the speed of the generational lifecycle. The findings support the thesis that climate change is enabling the healthy, rapid density growth of OLB, which is a danger to the Quercus spp. Further research is needed in the area of the thermal tolerance of the OLB, and the research conducted by the ULBS represents the first documented research into the thermal constant of the insect. The paper concludes that further research must be in the direction to understand how and where these insects survive during winter to find future management measures and identify chemical or biological methods as solutions to eradicate and stop the expansion of the invasion of the OLB, and the potential consequences for the Quercus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian legislation must be harmonized with that at the European level. A continuous concern of the legislator is needed in this sense. The fulfilment of this objective also includes the recent changes in the field of criminal legislation, taking into account either the Criminal Code or "the criminal provisions contained in organic laws, emergency ordinances or other normative acts that had the force of law at the time of their adoption ", as stated in the Art. 173 of the Criminal Code. These changes also brought with them some exceptions to the principle of personality regarding the application of the Romanian criminal law in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes made in the Criminal Code, as well as in other normative acts, because of the need to harmonize national legislation with that at the European level, by transposing into our legislation the various directives adopted at the level of the European Union, have generated non-unitary interpretations of the respective norms, in the specialized literature, an aspect that also affects the solutions in judicial practice. Moreover, there are different opinions regarding the applicability, at present, of the solutions pronounced by the High Court of Cassation and Justice, in appeals in the interest of the law, before the entry into force of the current Criminal Code. The changes made in the Criminal Code, as well as in other normative acts, as a result of the need to harmonize national legislation with that at the European level, by transposing into our legislation the various directives adopted at the level of the European Union, have generated non-unitary interpretations of the respective norms, in the specialized literature, an aspect that also affects the solutions in judicial practice. Moreover, there are different opinions regarding the applicability, at present, of the solutions pronounced by the High Court of Cassation and Justice, in appeals in the interest of the law before the entry into force of the current Criminal Code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Couple relationships and satisfaction within them have always been a topic of interest for research in the field of psychology, as the life partner is a central aspect of adult life. A relationship as a couple has a significant impact on life, as it can provide a pleasant psychological experience, being associated with fulfillment, passion, fulfilling the needs of love and sexuality and romance. The theme of satisfaction in a couple, both in those in an unofficial romantic relationship, as well as married ones is analyzed comparatively, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from the premise that significant differences were generated in the dynamics of relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this moment, the question of the application of the more favorable criminal law, as compared to the previous Criminal Code, of the existence of the transitional situations, of the comparative analysis of the criminalization norms of the current Criminal Code and of the provisions of the previous Criminal Code is less and less raised, but not all decisions pronounced by the High Court of Cassation and Justice in appeal in the interest of the law before 1 February 2014 have lost their applicability, as the opinions expressed in the specialised literature, regarding the different criminalization norms, in their evolution over time, are still of interest, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Although it entered into force relatively recently, the Criminal Code has undergone a series of changes, in its content, especially in the special part, either by criminalizing new acts, or by increasing the special punishment limits, or by introducing new aggravated variants of the already existing crimes. Considering the multitude of normative acts by which the provisions of the special part were amended and supplemented, we consider it necessary to analyze the way of drafting the various norms, having as a reference point also the various opinions from the recent specialized literature, with regard thereto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every member of society enjoys equal legal protection, including through criminal law. However, the reality shows us that the legislation must be constantly changing in order to be able to maintain the protection of social values and, when it is found that a certain type of acts that contravene the criminal rules are committed in an increasing number, the sphere of the affected subjects of law comprising a category of society's members whose personality is in formation, the prompt intervention of the legislator, by the means at its disposal, appears all the more necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the multitude of situations that can be encountered in real life in terms regarding the violation of the provisions of the legal document that regulates hunting and protects the hunting fund, it is necessary the constant intervention of the legislator to adapt the rules to new methods of acting in committing one or another of the incriminated facts. This is also the reason for the existence of this approach, in the sense that we wanted to briefly analyze the aspects under which the rules found in the articles indicated in the title have been recently amended and supplemented by the provisions of Law no. 13/2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of orientation programs on student soft skills at Engineering Faculty of Sibiu during a period of 8 years. A number of theoretical and conceptual framework are used in our study, as well as a mixed method research (quantitative and qualitative). Specifically, we sought to answer: What soft skills are most important for scientists and recruiters? Are those soft skills learnable? Will a special developed Orientation Program increase students' chances to score higher in employability rankings? The most important findings from the qualitative investigation relate to 3 hypotheses. The survey covers 3 topics: involvement in student unions as a result of a special designed Orientation Program, the number of team building activities students take part in and awareness of their rights. These 3 topics are seen as an indicator of key skill sets employers will look for by 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The text of law describing the offense of rape has undergone a number of changes among which we find some regarding the basic version of the offense, meaning that the material element thereof is more explicitly presented, and also the aggravated versions reffering to the fact of committing the rape on a relative in direct line, brother or sister. All these changes have been imposed through the existing discussions in the criminal literature and through the contradictory solutions given by the courts from various degrees of judgement in solving criminal cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into consideration the impending entry into force of the new Criminal Code, we have thought the analysis of the material element of the offense of injury to the fetus to be necessary because the Criminal Code in force does not contain a similar regulation, whose passive subject to be the fetus. Because we do not have rules of the Court in this field yet we have tried to give possible examples in order to explain the theoretical aspects presented in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legislator has created in the special part of the new Criminal Code a separate chapter in the title relative to the offenses against the persons, dedicated to describing the crimes committed on a family member. In the general part of the code the definition of "the family member" has been changed for the purposes of widening the scope of its applicability for the people who have established relationships like those between spouses or between parents and children, provided they live together. It was aimed to harmonize the definition existing in the Law no. 217/2003 for preventing and combating domestic violence, republished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opportunity of the analysis of how the offense of illegal performing of the abortion was regulated over time in terms of Romanian criminal law lies in the fact that the offense in question is found with another name in the new Criminal Code, whose entry into force is imminent, and in order to fully understand the evolution of the new provisions it is important to know how the fact in question was criminalized in various stages of social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal rules are dynamic, meaning that they change depending on the evolution of the society at a certain time, in order to successfully meet the needs of regulation of social relations. The Criminal Code is no exception to this rule. Insult and slander have been decriminalized by the Law no. 278/2006, a situation which has led to changing legal content of other crimes, such as outrage, referred to in Art. 239 Criminal Code, by repealing its basic variant, relative to insult and slander. Instead, at the offense of abusive behavior, referred to in Art. 250 Criminal Code, the basic variant, represented by „the use of offensive language“, remained in force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we aimed to assess amiodarone's effects on thyroid hormones, C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) profile in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and their relationship with arrhythmias. In 60 patients with AIT (29M/31F), aged 59.7 ± 1.5 years and 105 hyperthyroid patients (25M/80F), aged 59.4 ± 1 years, TSH, total T3, total T4, free T4 were measured by IRMA or microenzymatic immunoassay. In 11 AIT patients and 26 patients with common hyperthyroidism, without significant Graves' ophthalmopathy, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassays. AIT patients showed significantly lower T3 levels (273.82 ± 18.76 ng/dL) as compared to common thyrotoxicosis (361.89 ± 13.47 ng/dL), p<0.001, while T4 and FT4 were similar. AIT patients showed similar CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels to common hyperthyroidism (10.22 ± 3.03 mg/L vs. 6.31 ± 2.33 mg/L, p=0.11, for CRP, 17.46 ± 13.09 pg/mL vs. 6.46 ± 1.14 pg/mL, p=0.65, for IL-6, and 9.9 ± 1.76 pg/mL vs. 12.85 ± 2.22 pg/mL, p=0.22, for TNF-α, respectively. Patients with arrhythmias (n=19) showed significantly higher CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels as compared to patients without arrhythmias (n= 18): 10.81 ± 3.35 mg/L vs. 3.96 ± 1.08 mg/L, p=0.05, for CRP, 15.15 ± 7.52 pg/mL vs. 4.02 ± 0.74 pg/mL, p=0.007 for IL-6, and 15.16 ± 3.33 pg/mL vs. 9.2 ± 0.82 pg/mL, p=0.037 for TNF-α. In conclusion, AIT showed a similar pattern of proinflammatory cytokines to common hyperthyroidism. Increased CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α are found only in patients with thyrotoxicosis associated with atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]