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This paper analyses the rise of a new kind of urban citizenship in the context of the urban crisis of the 1980s: the vigilant citizen, characterized by a view of citizens as possible victims, who assume and are called upon to take responsibility for social safety. Top-down policy explanations insufficiently clarify why the polarized debate over urban petty crime developed into a consensus by the mid-1980s. Tying in with recent trends in urban police history, this paper shows the diversity of bottom-up actors in Amsterdam that helped to, sometimes unintentionally, further a communitarian “social safety” agenda: vigilantes and victim-support groups, the former based in more conservative circles, the latter partly inspired by women advocacy groups. These actors entered into a sometimes-tense dynamic with the police and municipality, which took up the challenge of providing victim support and of educating the public for neighborhood prevention. This slowly yielded results.

Using historical source material to reconstruct the origin and collecting history of a statuette of a vajrasattva owned by the Loudon family – now in the possession of the Rijksmuseum and selected to be part of the Pilot Project Provenance Research on Objects of the Colonial Era – gives us insights into the function of such objects within particular social groups such as the European colonial elite in Indonesia (to which the Loudon family belonged), the functioning of Dutch (colonial) society and the development of cultural knowledge about the colonized population. This is, however, a limited perspective. It ignores other points of view: it largely excludes the knowledge and insights of the local population, the meanings the object has had for them in the past and present, and people’s agency in these European collecting and knowledge production processes.

Between 1806 and 1810, Napoleon’s younger brother Louis Bonaparte (1778–1846) reigned as King of Holland, a kingdom that encompassed the northern part of the present-day Netherlands.1 Unhappy with the Dutch commitment to the French imperial cause, Napoleon established the Kingdom of Holland by appointing his brother Louis as king on 5 June 1806. This move shocked the revolutionary Batavian Republic (a république sœur), which had been formed by the Netherlands in the previous decade.Apart from political-theoretical objections to hereditary power, no historical precedent existed for the Kingdom of Holland. Following his ascension to the throne, Louis was not instantly accepted by the Batavian Republic and would go on to face issues of legitimacy throughout his entire reign.2 In this article, I will focus on an instrument of cultural propaganda which Louis used to assert his authority, namely the periodical Le Vrai Hollandais.Louis Bonaparte’s policies cannot be separated from his family history. When Corsica declared formal secession from France in 1793, forcing the Bonapartes to flee, Louis was only fourteen years old and barely educated. Napoleon decided to raise Louis himself and train him as a soldier. Although Louis studied the philosophes and learned French, mathematics and geography from his brother, he never completed his education as he had to accompany Napoleon on his military campaigns in Italy.

Over the past century, there have been remarkable changes in the appreciation of T.S. Eliot (1888–1965). From the interwar years up to the 1950s, he was for decades an icon of high culture and outstanding moral values, of everything that is beautiful and good and deserves admiration; while from the 1970s onwards he became a symbol of a completely different kind: one of elitism and conservatism, of everything that is wrong and deserves condemnation. Over the past twenty years, gradually a more balanced view has been established. In this article I outline this development, relate it to general changes in the cultural climate, and argue that, a hundred years after publication of his major poem The Waste Land (1922), T.S. Eliot remains highly significant to us both as a poet and a cultural critic.

When Belgium was founded in 1830 French was the de facto dominant and prestigious language while Dutch indexed inferiority. This article argues how the marginalization of Flemings, i.e. Belgian speakers of Dutch, can be understood as a form of racialization and how Flemish emancipation was also contingent on the Belgian colonial project and impacted perceived Flemish group interests as ‘white’. As participation in the colonial project entailed the promise of upward social mobility, the marginalized Flemings were disproportionally involved in the colonial project. In that process Dutch did not achieve the same prestigious status as French, but reached a social position at least superior to racialized colonized subjects. This paper argues that the role of race and whiteness grounded in that colonial project is still apparent in contemporary Belgium, where political interests of Flemings are systematically framed in contradiction to the interest of racialized citizens.

BackgroundClients are invited to play a role in decisions about their care. Collaborative deliberation comprises constructive engagement, recognition of alternative actions, comparative learning, construction and elicitation of preferences and preference integration. Collaborative deliberation between clients and professionals is a process that requires an interest in each other, sharing of views on alternatives and preferences and integrating into decisions. The aim is to gain insight into collaborative deliberation in consultations and the clients’ perception of arranging long-term care.DesignA descriptive qualitative study to explore collaborative deliberation in consultations between clients and professionals. Six organisations providing long-term care were included. Data collection of nine clients involved observations of consultation with field notes and audio-records, interviews with clients and professionals shortly and 3–6 months after the consultation and questionnaires to collect background information. The data were analysed by deductive content analysis.FindingsConstructive engagement was visible in all consultations. Clients and professionals showed respect, empathy and curiosity towards each other. In most consultations, two or more alternative actions are recognised and discussed. Comparative learning appears to be two sided, the client and the professional learn from each other's knowledge and experiences. Construction and elicitation of preference, and preference integration, seems to be present, but difficult to recognise in all consultations.Discussion/conclusionAlthough all propositions could be identified, there seems room for improvement in preference elicitation and integration of these preferences in the discussions on courses of action. Assistance seems needed with preference elicitation, both for the clients and for the professional.

In this article, I discuss the illness and recovery of the depressed Moses Herzog, the protagonist of Saul Bellow’s novel Herzog (1964). Using this novel as a case study, I criticize a one-sided (neuro)biological and drug-based approach to depression. Referring to the hermeneutic anthropology of philosophers like Paul Ricoeur and Marya Schechtman, I argue that the treatment of depression could benefit from a broader approach that takes into account existential and social-cultural factors as well as biological factors. I suggest that narrative psychiatry offers a framework wherein various models of mental illness may be combined in ways that move beyond a pro/contra bio-psychiatry binary. By investigating depression using philosophical ideas and a literary text, this article aims to illustrate how the humanities may contribute to our thinking about depression.

Poster for the DH Benelux conference 2023 in Brussels, Belgium. How to simulate hands-on media practices in a virtual environment using 3D-represented cultural heritage objects in such a way that the material characteristics of the objects and their usages become part of the virtual and immersive user experience? In this project, we have explored this question by focusing on two media historical objects: the Kinora motion picture viewer (ca. 1907) and the Pathé Baby 9.5mm film projector (ca. 1924) as early-twentieth-century technologies of home cinema. The application development was carried out in four stages: (1) digitization, (2) conceptualization, (3) contextualization, and (4) digital storytelling. The project was developed within the framework of a research internship at the Open University of the Netherlands in collaboration with Maastricht University, the Netherlands. It was conducted in support of the project CRAFTED: Enrich and promote traditional and contemporary crafts, co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility of the European Commission. Video demonstration of the application:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UnoPSDZCiw. Application:https://zenodo.org/record/8011420

In this paper we aim to explain and illustrate the theory of Distributed Morphology for non-specialists. The goal is to take away any misunderstandings and to provide some illustrations of the workings of the theory, mainly on the basis of data from Dutch. Distributed Morphology is a theory of morphology that embraces the so-called Separation Hypothesis: derivation – the forming of a new word by some abstract operation – is separated from affixation – the realization or spell-out of the abstract operation by the addition of some phonologically specified element. The means used by DM to implement the Separation Hypothesis is by late (after syntax) insertion of affixes. Furthermore, Distributed Morphology claims that there is no separate component of the grammar where word-formation takes place. The operations that form new words are the same operations that may create syntactic phrases. Starting from these fundamental claims, we go into some detail of the way Distributed Morphology accounts for different morphological patterns. The paper also points at some cognate, but alternative, approaches to word-formation and inflection. In particular, we briefly address Borer’s so-called exo-skeletal model, and the nanosyntactic approach.

Our study focuses on myths about older people’s smartphone use. Self-reported data, from Eurostat for example, report access rather than actual usage and are of limited use. What respondents report does not necessarily correspond with their actual smartphone usage behaviour in everyday life. We therefore conducted a tracking study to gain insight into smartphone usage among older adults. Smartphone activity logs were collected from individuals aged 60–79 (N = 303) throughout a period of 28 days between February and May 2019 in Canada, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. The data thus obtained on actual smartphone use were critically examined in the light of seven myths related to the smart phone usage of older people in everyday life. We also analysed the data in the context of empirical studies in the field of older people’s digital behaviour. Finally, after drawing our conclusions, we present limitations and sketch implications for future research.

The past tense inflection has been a popular phenomenon to study the representational status of morphologically complex words. While several experiments in the processing of past tense verbs across languages have shown these verbs are stored via their constituent morphemes, experiments in the processing of the Dutch past tense indicate that these words are lexically stored in their surface form and therefore not decomposed. However, the experiments in Dutch past tense processing have not made use of experimental paradigms that can tap the earliest stages of word processing, where some theories predict decomposition would take place. We used the mismatch negativity response to study the representational status of monomorphemic and morphologically complex Dutch words. We were able to obtain different responses for monomorphemic and morphologically complex words, suggesting these are processed by different mechanisms. We cannot, however, discard the possibility that some past tense forms in Dutch do have surface form representations.

During the Age of Revolutions, the Dutch colonial world changed fundamentally. An early modern system of trading settlements gave way to modern colonies. During the Napoleonic period, the British takeover of Dutch Asian colonies marked the beginning of a profoundly intertwined British-Dutch colonial world that emerged in Asia. Thus, empire-building and identity-building in this Asian sphere were a transnational process. A second, related, historiographical trend is the attention paid to travelling officials as part of empire-building, both in Commonwealth history and more recently in post-Napoleonic history. Studying individuals’ mobility can deepen the understanding of the dynamics within colonial empires.

Animals populate our artistic and philosophical discourses in critical ways. From Jacques Derrida's or Karen Barad's cat, to Donna Haraway's dog, to the fish in Lucien Castaing-Taylor and Véréna Paravel's Leviathan (2012), these animals feature heavily in discussions regarding limits – the limits of the human and thus its relation with non-humans, but also the limits of knowledge itself. Cute or dangerous, real or fantasised, dead or alive: in this article, I juxtapose the various ways that such animals confront us with what Jacques Derrida describes as “the point of view of the absolute other”. Similarly, recent texts stage encounters with animals – thus distributing agency towards a larger variety of beings, carving out space for a previously excluded non-human other. Yet these encounters are mediated in profoundly different ways. In researching how encounters with the animal are differentially inflected and “defracted” respective to the medium in which they are staged, this article invokes questions of form and style within the critical dialogue that attempts to centre non-human animals. Highlighting how formal decisions are not accidental, but rather integral, to the praxis of the philosophy of animality, this article aims to draw attention to how specific forms and styles allow for a moment of contact with a non-human other. To this end, this article examines three oft-cited encounters: Derrida's encounter with his cat, an intense stare with a fish in Leviathan, and Barad's inflection of Schrödinger's cat. This juxtaposition gives insight into the (ethical) limits of certain styles of producing thought and critically reflects on these works in their discussion of non-human life and agency.

The publication of these notebooks, or ‘thought-books’, as Jacobi called them, constitutes a momentous occasion for Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi research. It is also a critical source of information f...

As colonial Indonesia never was intended to be a “settler colony”, many Dutch citizens spent only a certain period of their lives there before returning to the Netherlands. However, there were also Europeans, many with Asian-European roots, who had called the colony home for generations and were forced to leave that home after 1945.All these different types of colonial migrants were displaced and maintained, built and reinforced their relations with the country (whether it was the colony or the “motherland”) they had left. This transnationalism (or, as I argue here, imperial orientation) took shape not only legally or relationally but also experientially (D. Ip, C. Inglis, and C.T. Wu 1997).In this article I show how, in both the colonial and post-colonial periods, objects helped European colonial migrants establish and maintain social relationships. Objects shaped identities and people’s status; bolstering increase migrants’ sense of “a continuous transnational self and identity”, a feeling of home, but also feelings of displacement.

Background Mobile health apps are promising tools to help patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improve their health status and thereby achieve diabetes control and self-management. Although there is a wide array of mobile health apps for T2DM available at present, apps are not yet integrated into routine diabetes care. Acceptability and acceptance among patients with T2DM is a major challenge and prerequisite for the successful implementation of apps in diabetes care. Objective This study provides an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of patients with T2DM before use (acceptability) and after use (acceptance) regarding 4 different mobile health apps for diabetes control and self-management. Methods A descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study. Participants could choose 1 of the 4 selected apps for diabetes control and self-management (ie, Clear.bio in combination with FreeStyle Libre, mySugr, MiGuide, and Selfcare). The selection was based on a systematic analysis of the criteria for (functional) requirements regarding monitoring, data collection, provision of information, coaching, privacy, and security. To explore acceptability, 25 semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with patients with T2DM before use. This was followed by 4 focus groups to discuss the acceptance after use. The study had a citizen science approach, that is, patients with T2DM collaborated with researchers as coresearchers. All coresearchers actively participated in the preparation of the study, data collection, and data analysis. Data were collected between April and September 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted using a deductive approach using AtlasTi9. Results In total, 25 coresearchers with T2DM participated in this study. Of them, 12 coresearchers tested Clear, 5 MiGuide, 4 mySugr, and 4 Selfcare. All coresearchers participated in semistructured interviews, and 18 of them attended focus groups. Personal health was the main driver of app use. Most coresearchers were convinced that a healthy lifestyle would improve blood glucose levels. Although most coresearchers did not expect that they need to put much effort into using the apps, the additional effort to familiarize themselves with the app use was experienced as quite high. None of the coresearchers had a health care professional who provided suggestions on using the apps. Reimbursement from insurance companies and the acceptance of apps for diabetes control and self-management by the health care system were mentioned as important facilitating conditions. Conclusions The research showed that mobile health apps provide support for diabetes control and self-management in patients with T2DM. Integrating app use in care as usual and guidelines for health care professionals are recommended. Future research is needed on how to increase the implementation of mobile health apps in current care pathways. In addition, health care professionals need to improve their digital skills, and lifelong learning is recommended.

Nowadays, autobiographical literature is omnipresent and takes many shapes. Despite that combining research methods from different lines of autobiography scholarship would be a welcome practice, so far, explicit methodological dialogues have not been a top priority in Dutch literary studies. This article takes the discussion between the two founders of the main research lines in international autobiography studies, Georges Gusdorf and Philippe Lejeune, as a frame to map the history of Dutch autobiography studies. It suggests that this frame enables us to understand the main research lines in Dutch autobiography studies as an author’s oriented line and a reader’s oriented line and exposes the scarcity of explicit methodological dialogues between them. By mapping a trio of recent research approaches outside of autobiography studies that are equally interested in the literary author, this article in conclusion offers some sources of inspiration for a mixed method-oriented future for the study of autobiographical literature.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of experimental approaches to the study of media histories and their cultures. Doing media archaeological experiments, such as historical re-enactments and hands-on simulations with media historical objects, helps us to explore and better understand the workings of past media technologies and their practices of use. By systematically reflecting on the methodological underpinnings of experimental media archaeology as a relatively new approach in media historical research and teaching, this book aims to serve as a practical handbook for doing media archaeological experiments.Doing Experimental Media Archaeology: Practice is the twin volume to Doing Experimental Media Archaeology: Theory, authored by Andreas Fickers and Annie van den Oever.

The discussion of media often meanders between the way media objects are perceived as written texts, projected audiovisual messages, or recorded music on the one hand and material objects on the other. Materiality in the sense of physical matter is considered multi-sensory and in a direct relation to the perceiving body, traditionally – particularly in the arts – associated with processes of valorisation as in the term and concept of ‘aura’. But media studies have long established perspectives beyond simple notions of matter. Even light, sound, and energy have entered the discourse, and materiality can be traced in any and all understandings of media. This special section brings together some of the latest post-digital perspectives on the long-standing discussion of materiality in our ever-changing media landscapes. The contributions represent today’s broadness of the field and discourse, connecting media from their analogue pasts to their materially ambiguous futures.

This contribution explores the materiality and histories of use of 9.5mm film and the Pathé Baby projector and camera. In December 1922, the French film production company Pathé Frères released the 9.5mm film format, which together with Kodak’s 16mm small-gauge, released the following year, would ‘bring cinema into the home’ and effectively popularise the screening, distribution, and production of home cinema and amateur films. This article aims to highlight the significance of 9.5mm film within the history of amateur film and to demonstrate the heuristic value of performing historical re-enactments with obsolete media technologies, such as 9.5mm film and the Pathé Baby, so as to better understand how they worked, how they were used at the time, and how their historical, material, and performative dimensions can be preserved for the future. It draws on a series of media archaeological experiments with the Pathé Baby projector and camera, as well as on the hands-on reconstruction of a 9.5mm film from 1929, made by the Italian artist, composer, and amateur filmmaker Pippo Barzizza (1902-1994). Utilising experimental media archaeology as a practice-based and sensorial approach to media historiography, the article investigates the materiality, functionality, and practices of (re)use of 9.5mm film as a remarkable early twentieth-century home cinema technology.

As a “super-wicked problem,” climate change deserves a multidisciplinary approach in higher education that actively engages students with this global issue that has both local and regional consequences. The online short learning program “Climate change: from global to local action” combines environmental scientific, economic, and social knowledge. The conceptual model of Lived Experience of Climate Change (LivExpCC) aims at engaging students with climate change and explicitly adds the human dimension. Students write an essay using the LivExpCC-model: they connect their personal and local experiences with regional proximate influences and with broader global contextual influences of climate change. This stimulates the knowledge–reflection–engagement–action cycle. We analyze student essays from an environmental humanities perspective, looking specifically at distances (spatial and temporal distances and distances in interest). The results of these ecocritical analyses show that limited local distances and vivid inherited histories reflect the awareness of students of the effects of climate change and how they engage with it in different ways.

This article focuses on the emotional resilience of prisoners that affected boththe prison community and their personal selves by using sources from theprison archives of Rotterdam and ‘s-Hertogenbosch from the years 1800-1830.Concentrating on emotional practices of fear, sadness, and anger, this contributionproblematizes the idea of the passive and powerless prisoner. Moreover, itaims to show that prisoners were a small power within the nineteenth-centuryprison by examining the relationship between resilience, emotions, and agency.

In dit artikel laten wij zien hoe het concept van ‘institutioneel werk’ gebruikt kan worden om burgerparticipatie op het gebied van veiligheid te bestuderen. De benadering van institutioneel werk vertrekt vanuit het perspectief van actoren die proberen invloed uit te oefenen op veiligheidsinstituties en niet vanuit het perspectief van de overheid (zoals de participatiesamenleving en -ladder doen). Dit dynamische concept kan een nuttige toevoeging zijn aan het begrippenarsenaal van veiligheidskundigen. Aan de hand van een case study naar het functioneren van de Vereeniging Vrijwillige Brandweer in het negentiende-eeuwse Utrecht (1879-1890) illustreren we hoe het begrip kan worden toegepast op een concrete casus. Ten slotte reflecteren we op de bijdrage die institutioneel werk kan leveren aan ons begrip van burgerparticipatie op het gebied van veiligheid.

In this paper we explore what introducing literary analysis techniques might add to Climate Change Education (CCE). We take as a case study the Master’s course ‘The Lived Experience of Climate Change’. The Short Learning Program of which this course is a part, has successfully proven to combine environmental scientific, economic and social knowledge. A holistic approach to knowledge and learning is taken, in contrast to the traditional reductionist approach in scientific disciplines. The concept of Lived Experience of Climate Change (LivExpCC) combines and integrates epistemological and phenomenological views on knowledge. By analysing student essays with narrative techniques, we propose an innovative, integrated approach as an example of how narratives can be legitimate knowledge sources in a learning-action cycle. Conclusions are drawn with respect to the learning potential of literary analysis for students in the context of cross-curricular designs of Climate Change Higher Education, combining scientific knowledge and knowledge from the humanities.

Book review of 'Anti-Nihilisme. Engagement in de 21e eeuw' by Arthur and Jarmo Berkhout