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Mood deterioration in response to exercise cessation is well documented, but moderators of this effect remain unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that physically active individuals with higher levels of cognitive vulnerability (i.e., tendencies toward negative thought content and processes in response to stress or negative mood states) are at greater risk for increased anxiety and depressive symptoms when undergoing exercise cessation. Community adults meeting recommended physical activity guidelines (N = 36) participated in a 4-week prospective, longitudinal study with 2 weeks each of maintained exercise and exercise cessation. Cognitive vulnerability measures included dysfunctional attitudes, brooding rumination, and cognitive reactivity (i.e., change in dysfunctional attitudes over a dysphoric mood induction). Anxiety and depression symptoms increased during exercise cessation. Brooding emerged as a risk factor for increases in tension scores on the Profile of Mood States–Brief during exercise cessation. Future studies should explore brooding as a mediator (i.e., potential mechanism) of exercise-induced mood deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Subjective cognitive concerns (SCCs) entail perceived difficulties in thinking or memory, often reported without substantial objective evidence of cognitive impairment. These concerns are prevalent among individuals with a history of brain injuries, neurological conditions, or chronic illnesses, contributing to both psychological distress and functional limitations. They are increasingly considered to be a risk factor for future objective decline. A considerable number of individuals reporting SCCs also exhibit mental health symptoms, such as a history of trauma, depression, or anxiety. Interventions that address modifiable emotional and cognitive factors related to SCC could improve functioning and quality of life. Therefore, the use of emotion regulation strategies, especially those directed at minimizing rumination, could serve as a promising focus for interventions aimed at mitigating subjective cognitive concerns in veteran populations. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a brief, 1-session emotion regulation intervention called Worry Less, Remember More. The Worry Less, Remember More intervention was designed to reduce rumination and improve subjective cognitive functioning in veterans with subjective cognitive changes (N=15). METHODS: We randomized 15 veterans to either the active telehealth condition or waitlist control and completed the intervention. Participants were aged between 31 and 67 (mean 49.5, SD 10.1) years, and the sample was primarily male (12/15, 83%) and White (10/15, 67%). The most common diagnoses were posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. Following the intervention, veteran input was sought through semistructured interviews with a subset of 12 participants, examining feasibility, acceptability, and perceived efficacy. Preliminary efficacy was also measured using pre- and postintervention self-report measures. RESULTS: Veterans reported that this intervention was acceptable, with 92% (11/12) of the sample reporting that they benefited from the intervention and would recommend the intervention to others with similar difficulties. Semistructured interviews revealed difficulties with feasibility, including problems with the remote consenting process, forgetting appointments, and needing additional strategies to remember to consistently use the interventions. The intervention improved self-reported cognitive symptoms on quantitative measures but did not improve self-reported rumination. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study establishes the preliminary feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the Worry Less, Remember More intervention for veterans with subjective cognitive symptoms. Future iterations of the intervention may benefit from simplifying the electronic consent process, providing reminders for appointments, and incorporating compensatory cognitive strategies to assist with using the telehealth system, as well as applying the strategies learned in the intervention. While future research is needed with larger samples, including nonveteran populations, the intervention may also be a useful clinical tool to bridge care between neuropsychology clinics and mental health treatment.

This research aimed to examine the effects of an eclectic group counseling intervention based on the cognitive and behavioral counseling approach and positive psychology-based practices on the rumination and life satisfaction levels of university students with childhood trauma in Turkey. The research was designed as an exploratory sequential mixed-method study. The first phase of the research focused on discovering what university students with traumatic stories needed to reduce their rumination levels and increase their life satisfaction. The themes that were obtained contributed to the content of the program. In the second phase, forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Rumination Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were applied as data collection tools. A 12-session group psychological counseling program was provided once a week to the experimental group. No intervention was made in the control group. One week after the sessions were completed, the posttest was administered to the experimental and control groups, and follow-up measurements were carried out two months later. The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in decreasing rumination levels and increasing life satisfaction compared to the participants in the control group, and these improvements were maintained in the follow-up measurements. In the last phase, the qualitative data collected during the sessions were analyzed to evaluate the program. In conclusion, the group counseling intervention was effective in reducing the rumination levels and increasing the life satisfaction levels of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation as a basis, this study explored whether, among participants with substance use disorders (SUDs), metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking were associated with emotion dysregulation. 127 participants with SUDs and 127 controls without SUDs were recruited. Emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, rumination, worry, anxiety, and depression were assessed. t -tests, Mann–Whitney tests, logistic regression, correlation, and hierarchal regression analyses were run. Participants with SUDs reported significantly higher levels of emotion dysregulation, positive beliefs about worry, beliefs about the need to control thoughts, rumination, and worry, compared to controls without SUDs. Among participants with SUDs negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence, beliefs about the need to control thoughts, rumination, and worry were significantly associated with an increase of emotion dysregulation. The cross-sectional design. Emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, and repetitive negative thinking may contribute to increase the risk of substance use. Among participants with SUDs emotion dysregulation is associated with the tendency to endorse dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and report repetitive negative thinking. Metacognitive beliefs and repetitive negative thinking could be a suitable therapeutic target to reduce emotion dysregulation among participants with SUDs. • Emotion dysregulation may increase the risk of substance use. • Dysfunctional metacognitions are associated with emotion dysregulation in SUDs subjects. • Engagement in worry is associated with emotion dysregulation in SUDs subjects. • Engagement in rumination is associated with emotion dysregulation in SUDs subjects. • Metacognitions may be a therapeutic target to reduce emotion dysregulation in SUDs subjects. • Repetitive negative thinking may be a therapeutic target to reduce emotion dysregulation in SUDs subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThe present study examined the existence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its association with cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning in family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Family caregivers (N = 114) were surveyed using measures of cognitive processing, resilience, family functioning, and PTG. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses.The average PTG score in the sample was 48.6 (SD = 18.7; range 14–105). Race, education level, severity of the patient’s AD, cognitive processing, resilience, and family functioning explained 25.8% of the variance in PTG (F [9, 95] = 5.025, p < 0.001). Race was significantly correlated with PTG; specifically, non-White caregivers reported higher PTG than White caregivers (p < 0.05). When controlling for race and education level, mild AD, intrusive rumination, and family satisfaction were significant predictors of PTG (p < 0.05). However, deliberate rumination, resilience, and family communication were not significant predictors PTG (p > 0.05).These findings provide insight into factors that may influence the development of PTG in family caregivers of patients with AD. Results may inform intervention strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of caregiving and promote PTG in this caregiver population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eveningness has been associated with both disturbed sleep and depression. It is unclear, however, if deprived sleep explains evening types' vulnerability to depression. The role of pre‐sleep rumination in these associations also remains understudied. The present study assessed the relationship between eveningness and sleep quality, as well as the possible mediating effect of pre‐sleep rumination and the moderating effect of a history of depression, under naturalistic conditions. Eighty‐eight Dutch‐speaking participants (87.5% females, 21.4 ± 3.7 years) were selected on the basis of their non‐intermediate chronotype using the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (evening types (n = 53); morning types (n = 35)). Depression status was assessed through a diagnostic interview (healthy (n = 61); remitted depressed (n = 27)). Participants' sleep characteristics were monitored via actigraphy and sleep diaries for seven consecutive days and nights. Pre‐sleep rumination was measured via a self‐report questionnaire. Evening types had longer subjective and actigraphic sleep onset latency than morning types. Pre‐sleep rumination did not mediate the former associations but predicted longer subjective sleep onset latency. Furthermore, the relationship between chronotype and subjective sleep onset latency was moderated by depression history. Remitted depressed evening types reported longer sleep onset latency than healthy evening and morning types, possibly posing the former at a higher risk for depressive relapse. Overall, the current findings address the need to further investigate the physiological signature of circadian rhythms and sleep latency. This could serve as a foundation for the development of prevention and early intervention programs, tailored for mood and sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tackling poor mental health in university students has been identified as a priority in higher education. However, there are few evidence-based prevention initiatives designed for students. Repetitive Negative Thought (RNT, e.g. worry, rumination) is elevated in university students and is a well-established vulnerability factor for anxiety and depression. Furthermore, there are now evidence-based cognitive-behavioural interventions to tackle RNT. A mobile self-help cognitive-behavioural app targeting RNT, adapted for students may therefore be an effective, scalable, and acceptable way to improve prevention in students. Methods: An online single blind, two-arm parallel-group Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) to examine the incidence of major depression and symptoms of anxiety and depression across 12 months in university students aged over 16 who screen into the study with self-reported high levels of worry and/or rumination and no current diagnosis of major depression. Eligible participants will be randomised to the active intervention arm (usual practice plus using a self-guided mobile app targeting RNT) or to the control arm (usual practice). In total, 648 participants aged over 16, with no current major depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis will be recruited from UK universities. Assessments will take place at baseline (pre-randomisation), 3 months and 12 months post- randomisation. Primary endpoint and outcome is incidence of major depression as determined by self-reported diagnostic criteria at 12-month follow-up. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, well-being, health-related quality of life, functioning and academic outcomes are secondary outcomes. Compliance, adverse events, and potentially mediating variables will be carefully monitored. Discussion: The trial aims to provide a better understanding of the causal role of tackling RNT (worry, rumination) using a self-help mobile app with respect to preventing depression in university students. This knowledge will be used to develop and disseminate innovative evidence-based, feasible, and effective mobile-health public health strategies for preventing common mental health problems. Trial registration: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN86795807 Date of registration: 27 October 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the many negative outcomes of anger, including physical aggression and violence, there is a need to improve treatment outcomes. As such, several treatment approaches were evaluated in this study. The autobiographical essay memory task (AEMT) was given to 157 participants on Amazon's Mturk. Using a four (intervention) by three (state anger) mixed design, participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control group (a distraction task), rumination, self-help Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). All participants were instructed to write an anger-evoking memory for ten minutes. Following this, participants were then asked to partake in their respective intervention. Using the State Anger Scale from the State-Trait Anger Expression-2, state anger was measured at baseline, after writing about the anger-evoking memory, and post-intervention. As expected, there was a significant difference across the three time points, p <.001, η2 =.30. Once the AEMT was completed, participants received an intervention. Participants indicated lower levels of state anger post-intervention compared to post-AEMT, p <.001; however, participants post-intervention still reported higher levels of state anger compared to baseline, p <.001. Using the LSD post-hoc test, participants in the rumination condition reported higher levels of state anger post-intervention compared to participants who engaged in PMR (p <.001), self-help REBT (p =.04), and the control condition (p <.001). There were no significant differences noted between PMR, self-help REBT, and the control conditions post-intervention. The AEMT was an effective tool to evoke state anger in a lab setting. Additionally, self-help REBT, PMR, and distraction are effective tools to decrease state anger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The perseverative cognition hypothesis stipulates that rumination (repetitive, passive, uncontrollable negative thinking) prolongs the experience of a stressor which impacts stress physiology. In line with this hypothesis, we proposed that in response to real-life experiences of social rejection, adolescent girls who ruminate would show a blunted diurnal cortisol slope the next day relative to girls who do not ruminate. We also examined the effects of social rejection and rumination on waking cortisol levels and the cortisol awakening response. Method: Participants were (n = 50) adolescent girls (mean age = 13.30, SD = 2.34) who varied on psychiatric risk and provided saliva samples 4 times a day for 3 days, as well as, daily diary reports of social rejection and rumination. A lagged multilevel model was utilized to examine the interactive effects of rejection and rumination on diurnal cortisol. Results: There was a significant interaction between social rejection and rumination. Specifically, rumination following social rejection was associated with a flatter diurnal cortisol slope. In the absence of rumination, social rejection was marginally associated with a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. The effects for waking cortisol levels and the cortisol awakening response were null. Conclusion: Findings support the perseverative cognition hypothesis and suggest that cognitive mechanisms such as rumination can impact stress physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Existing measures of rumination assess ruminative thought without reference to the content of ruminations. The present studies describe the construction and validation of the Rumination Domains Questionnaire, a new measure of rumination which considers the domain specificity of ruminative thought. Methods: A theoretical definition of rumination and domains of life were formulated through a literature review. Items were based on these domains, clinical/counselling case studies, and expert feedback. In Study 1, 106 preliminary items were reduced to 60 items through empirical analyses. In Study 2, the content and structural validity were assessed. Results: Items were retained based on empirical criteria and the final scale demonstrated acceptable fit for both a 10-factor model and a hierarchical model. Content validity and criterion validity were supported, and both 10-factor and hierarchical models demonstrated acceptable fit. Conclusions: Overall, we present strong evidence supporting the validity of the RDQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The objectives of this observational cohort study were to evaluate the associations of rumination time (RT) in the last week of pregnancy with transition cow metabolism, inflammation, health, and subsequent milk production, reproduction, and culling. Pregnant nulliparous (n = 199) and parous (n = 337) cows were enrolled 21 d before expected calving. Rumination time and physical activity were monitored automatically by sensors from d −21 to 15 relative to calving. Blood samples were collected on d −14, −5, 4, 8, and 12 ± 1 relative to calving. Diagnoses of clinical health problems were performed by researchers from calving to 15 DIM. In classification 1, cows were ranked based on average daily RT in the last week of pregnancy and classified into terciles as short RT (SRT), moderate RT (MRT), or long RT (LRT) for association analyses. In classification 2, RT deviation from the parity average was used in a receiver operating characteristic curve to identify the best threshold to predict postpartum clinical disease. Cows were then classified as above the threshold (AT) or below the threshold (BT). Compared with cows with LRT, cows with SRT had greater serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (0.47 vs. 0.40 ± 0.01 mmol/L), BHB (0.58 vs. 0.52 ± 0.01 mmol/L), and haptoglobin (0.22 vs. 0.18 ± 0.008 g/L) throughout the transition period, and reduced concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and magnesium in a time-dependent manner. Parous cows with SRT had higher odds of postpartum clinical disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.1–6.4), lower odds of pregnancy by 210 DIM (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.15–0.75), and lower milk production (46.9 vs. 48.6 ± 0.5 kg/d) than parous cows with LRT. Deviation in prepartum RT had good predictive value for clinical disease in parous cows (area under the curve = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.60–0.71) but not in nulliparous (area under the curve = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.42–0.59). Separation of parous cows according to the identified threshold (≤−53 min from the parity average) resulted in differences in serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (AT = 0.31 ± 0.006, BT = 0.38 ± 0.014 mmol/L), BHB (AT = 0.49 ± 0.008, BT = 0.53 ± 0.015 mmol/L), and globulin (AT = 32.3 ± 0.3, BT = 34.8 ± 0.5 g/L) throughout the transition period, as well as in serum cholesterol, urea, magnesium, albumin, and haptoglobin in a time-dependent manner. Below threshold parous cows had higher odds of clinical disease (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.1–6.4), reduced hazard of pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.89), greater hazard of culling (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.6), and lower milk production (46.3 ± 0.7 vs. 48.5 ± 0.3 kg/d). External validation using data from 153 parous cows from a different herd and the established threshold in RT deviation (≤−53 min) resulted in similar predictive value, with the odds of postpartum disease 2.4 times greater in BT than AT (37.5% vs. 20.1%). In conclusion, RT in the week preceding calving was a reasonable predictor of postpartum health and future milk production, reproduction, and culling in parous cows but not in nulliparous cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a serious mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food in a short period, accompanied by feelings of loss of control. Individuals with BED often experience negative emotional states such as selfblame and mental rumination, which can exacerbate their binge-eating behaviors. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment approach that focuses on developing skills to manage emotions, improve interpersonal relationships, and regulate behaviors and in this population has not been studied. Aims: The aim of the present study was investigate of the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on self-blame and mental rumination of patients with binge-eating disorder. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and 3-month followup design and a control group. The statistical population include all obese and overweight women aged 18 to 45 suffering from overeating in Karaj, who had regular visits to Overeaters Anonymous Association in Karaj between July 2022 and May 2023. A convenience method was used to select the sample (n=40) from among the statistical population, who volunteered to participate in the intervention and met the inclustion criteria. The subjects were assigned equally in two experimental (20 patients) and one wait-list control (20 patients). After the pretest, the subjects of the experimental group received the dialectical behavior therapy intevention in 2-hour weekly sessions for 9 sessions. Then the posttest stage and three months later follow-up was carried out. The tools used in this research were the levels of self-criticism scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004), the mental rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema and Maro, 1991) and the overeating questionnaire (Gormali et al., 1982). The data obtained from this research were analyzed using SPSS-27 software using mixed ANOVA. Results: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy has a significant effect in reducing selfblame and mental rumination in binge eating patients and this effect has been stable after three months. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study adds to the evidence supporting Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for treating binge-eating disorder. It shows that DBT reduces self-blame and mental rumination, and these improvements last at least three months. DBT's focus on addressing cognitive distortions and improving emotion regulation skills offers hope for long-term recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Job strain has been implicated in a variety of adverse health outcomes, particularly cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. One possibility is that the maladaptive coping response to stress, (perseverative cognition (PC); the cognitive representation of past stressful events (rumination) or feared future events (worry)), either in work or more generally, mediates the relationship between job strain and physical disease. The aim of this study was thus to test the potential role of both general, and work- related PC as a mediating, or potentially moderating, mechanism between job strain and ill- health outcomes. Design & Measures: Using an online cross- sectional design, 650 full- time employees completed measures of job strain, general and work- related PC (rumination & worry) and health outcomes (burnout, somatization, health behaviours & sleep quality). Results: General and work- related worry and rumination significantly mediated, often independently, the relationship between job strain and burnout, somatization, and sleep quality. No significant mediation effects were observed for health behaviours and no type of PC (general or work- related) moderated job strain- health outcome relations. Conclusion: Both general and work- related worry and rumination are likely to play important, and partly independent, roles in understanding the adverse relationships between job strain and various health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination is a vulnerability for depression and potentially linked to inhibitory control weaknesses. We aimed to replicate the association observed in adults between inhibitory control and rumination in adolescents, and to examine putative moderating roles of childhood maltreatment and perceived family cohesion in an adolescent sample at risk for depression due to familial/personal history. Ninety adolescents aged 11–17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.8) completed self-report scales of rumination, maltreatment, and family cohesion, and performed a task assessing inhibitory control. Hierarchical regression models showed no significant relation between inhibitory control and moderator variables on rumination. However, adolescents who reported higher levels of maltreatment and who perceived lower family cohesion tended to indicate higher levels of rumination (BChilhood Maltreatment = 27.52, 95% CIs [5.63, 49.41], BFamily Cohesion = -0.40, 95% CIs [-0.65, -0.15]). These findings demonstrate an alternative understanding of factors that increase depression onset risk and recurrence in adolescents. Summary Statement: This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health grants R61MH116080 and F31MH117856. S.A.L. reports financial disclosures from EPI-Q, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Development and Commercialization, Inc, and Secondary Triad, Inc, all of which are unrelated to the present work. S.A.L. is supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants (Grant Nos. MH116080, MH112705, MH120660, and MH120168). K.L.B. is supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health grant F31MH117856. All other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expressive suppression is an abnormal emotion regulation strategy, and its relationship with rumination traits is unclear. In this study with 395 participants in China (33.9% female, Mean age = 21.22, SD = 2.11), we estimated the association between expressive suppression and rumination traits, using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) respectively. Considering there may be complex correlations between different behavioral symptoms of expressive suppression ("Keeping emotions to myself", "Inhibiting positive emotion responses", "Controlling emotions by not expressing them", "Inhibiting negative emotion responses") and different subtypes of rumination traits, this study employed a symptom-based network analysis method to uncover the differential association between rumination traits and expressive suppression, and the key symptoms linking the two. The study found the S3 node (Controlling emotions by not expressing them) had significant positive correlations with symptom rumination, brooding, and reflective pondering. Among the network, the S3 node acts as a bridge between two variables. This suggests that interventions targeting the S3 symptom may improve rumination traits. The present study was a cross-sectional study with limitations in revealing the causal relationships between expression suppression and rumination traits. Future studies could employ longitudinal tracing methods to explore the relationship between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep quality is an important factor that affects the physical and mental development of adolescents. Based on the evolutionary theory of loneliness and the I-PACE model, this study aims to explore the influence and mechanism by which adolescents' loneliness impacts sleep quality. It adopts a questionnaire method to investigate 1436 adolescents. The results show that adolescents' loneliness was significantly positively correlated with problematic social network usage, rumination, and sleep quality, but negatively correlated with self-compassion. Adolescents' loneliness can directly affect their sleep quality, but can also indirectly affect sleep quality through the solitary mediating and chain mediating effects of problematic social network usage and rumination. Self-compassion negatively moderates the chain mediation linking problematic social network usage to rumination. This study reveals the internal mechanism by which adolescent loneliness impacts sleep quality, and the results provide a theoretical reference for interventions for adolescent sleep problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has primarily focused on elucidating the role of specific cognitive vulnerability factors in the intricate relationship between childhood trauma and depression. To advance existing research by integrating two prominent cognitive theories of depression (the Beck's cognitive theory and hopelessness theory), this study proposed a moderated mediation model aimed at investigating the mediating role of the sense of control and the moderating effect of rumination in this complex association. A sample of 1,091 college students (comprising 436 males; age range 17–25) was recruited through poster advertisements and a snowball sampling approach. Participants voluntarily engaged in the study and completed a battery of assessments, including measures of depression, childhood trauma, sense of control, and rumination. Our findings suggest that childhood trauma affects depression not only directly but also indirectly through the mediating influence of the sense of control. Furthermore, the result reveals that the mediating role of the sense of control is moderated by the intensity of rumination. Specifically, this mediating effect is more pronounced among college students with higher levels of rumination. The outcomes of this investigation provide prospective empirical support, suggesting that the loss of control and rumination may serve as viable targets for preventative and interventional measures in addressing depression among individuals who have experienced childhood trauma. This research enhances our understanding of the intricate interplay between cognitive determinants and depression, informing future research in this critical domain of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine whether rumination has a mediating role in the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and self-compassion levels of professionals who provide psychosocial assistance to survivors after the earthquake in Turkey on 6 February 2023. The research was organized in accordance with the relational screening model. Within the scope of Turkey Disaster Response Plan, 153 professionals including social workers, psychologists and psychological counselors who provide psychosocial assistance to earthquake survivors participated in the study. The research data were collected through an online survey link using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Ruminative Reaction Scale and Personal Information Form. In the analysis of the data; descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and PROCESS Macro (Model 4) were used in the mediation test. According to the results of the study, the direct (β = −0.204) and indirect (β = −0.175) effects of self-compassion on secondary traumatic stress are statistically significant and negative. Therefore, it was determined that rumination played a significant mediating role in this interaction. Accordingly, it is understood that increasing self-compassion and regulating rumination reactions are important in reducing the secondary traumatic stress levels of professionals providing psychosocial assistance. There is a need for more research into the factors that influence the secondary traumatic stress of mental health workers who intervene with traumatized people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent around the world. Previous research mainly adopted variable-centered analyses, which overlooked different latent patterns. Moreover, few studies focused on the comorbidity patterns and risk factors of depression and anxiety within the Chinese context. This study aims to explore the comorbidity patterns of depression and anxiety among psychiatric patients in China and examine the potential predictors of their severity categorization. We recruited 282 patients diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety in China and used questionnaires to collect data. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed to identify subgroups within the sample. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression to explore the factors predicting those subgroups. The LPA results revealed three subgroups: Mild Symptoms Group, Moderate Symptoms Group, and Severe Symptoms Group. The regression results indicated that poor family function, high neuroticism, and rumination were significant predictors of classification into more severe symptom groups. The findings suggest that clinicians should assess patients more accurately and implement tailored interventions based on the severity levels of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mind wandering (MW) is intricately linked to sleep and affect, bearing clinical relevance for various psychiatric conditions, notably attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. Most reviews concur that the relationship between disturbed sleep and negative affect is bidirectional. The directional relationships between MW propensity and disturbed sleep, as well as MW propensity and negative affect, are less clear. Therefore, this brief review aims to examine the limited studies that have directly explored temporally sequential relationships. These studies provide clear evidence for an impact of affect on MW and of MW on sleep, along with less unequivocal evidence for an influence of MW on affect and sleep on MW. Collectively, these individual reinforcement loops may constitute a threefold vicious cycle, which may contribute to the development and perpetuation of psychiatric disorders. Available data convincingly suggest an impact cycle in the direction "MW propensity → disturbed sleep → negative affect → MW propensity," while evidence for the inverse impact cycle is less pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While advancements in cancer treatments have improved survival rates, they also lead to adverse effects such as insomnia, which significantly impacts survivors' sleep quality. Objective: This study explores the influence of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), and psychological distress, with rumination serving as a mediating factor, on the insomnia experienced by cancer survivors. Methods: The study involved 220 cancer survivors attending Shohada‐e‐Tajrish Hospital's oncology center in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed several questionnaires: the Insomnia Severity Index, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Rumination Response Scale. Results: The results showed that the tested model had a good fit, and the correlation matrix demonstrated significant positive correlations between CRF (0.46), FCR (0.15), psychological distress (0.55), and rumination (0.42) with insomnia in cancer survivors (p < 0.05). Notably, CRF (B = 0.356, p < 0.001) and psychological distress (B = 0.339, p < 0.001) affect insomnia both directly and indirectly through mediation by rumination, while the impact of FCR on insomnia was indirectly significant (B = 0.73, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions focused on managing rumination could be potential targets to alleviate insomnia and improve the sleep quality of cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) has been found in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of major depressive disorder (MDD). We used electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence as an index of functional connectivity to examine group differences in DMN between the MDD and healthy control (HC) groups during the resting state. MDD patients with comorbid anxiety symptoms (n = 154) and healthy controls (n = 165) completed the questionnaires of depression, anxiety, and rumination. A 19-channel EEG recording was measured under resting state for all participants. EEG coherences of the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and high beta in the anterior DMN (aDMN), posterior DMN (pDMN), aDMN-pDMN, DMN-parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and DMN-temporal gyrus were compared between the two groups. The correlations between rumination, anxiety, and DMN coherence were examined in the MDD group. (1) No difference was found in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta within the DMN brain regions between the two groups; the MDD group showed higher high beta coherence within DMN brain regions than the HC group. (2) Rumination was negatively correlated with theta coherence of aDMN, and positively correlated with beta coherence of aDMN and with alpha coherence of pDMN and DMN-PHG. (3) Anxiety was positively correlated with high beta coherence of aDMN, pDMN, and DMN-PHG. MDD patients with comorbid anxiety symptoms exhibited hypercoherence within the DMN brain regions. Hypercoherences were related to symptoms of rumination, and anxiety may be a biomarker for MDD patients with comorbid anxiety symptoms. • Depression had higher high beta coherences within default mode network (DMN). • Rumination was positively correlated with alpha coherence of posterior DMN. • Anxiety was positively correlated with high beta coherence of posterior DMN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Previous research found that self‐concealment was associated with rumination in younger adults. However, no study had investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and rumination in older adults. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between self‐concealment and the two subfactors of rumination: brooding and reflection, in older adults.In this study, we investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and rumination in older adults. Considering that rumination has two subfactors: brooding, which reflects the more maladaptive aspects of rumination; and reflection, which reflects the more adaptive aspects of rumination, we separately investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and the two subfactors of rumination.We found that after controlling for other potentially relevant variables and the interrelationship between these two subfactors, self‐concealment was associated with brooding, but not with reflection.Self‐concealment was only associated with the maladaptive aspect of rumination (i.e. brooding), and not with the adaptive aspects of rumination (i.e. reflection). These findings have important implications for enhancing the understanding of older adults' mental health, and imply that improving self‐concealment could potentially mitigate the maladaptive aspects of rumination, which may offer valuable insights for guiding future psychogeriatrics interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of developing posttraumatic stress symptoms following exposure to traumatic events is well documented, however, emerging research also lends support to the potential development of growth in some people. Rumination and memory have been identified as important factors in post-trauma outcomes, yet, current research in this area is limited, particularly in the context of a multidimensional view of rumination (i.e., intrusive and deliberate rumination) and metamemory beliefs. This study explored the association between rumination styles, beliefs about memory, and posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth. Participants (N = 151) who experienced a traumatic event completed relevant measures online. Path analysis showed that intrusive rumination was significantly related to higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), while deliberate rumination was related to higher levels of both posttraumatic growth (β =.52, p < 0.001) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). Additionally, negative beliefs about memory were significantly related to higher posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = 0.48, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found for positive beliefs about memory. The findings suggest that rumination may be understood as multidimensional, incorporating both adaptive and maladaptive processes. Further, the present study contributes to the limited literature concerning metamemory beliefs and may provide an increased understanding of factors contributing to stress or growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repeated suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for suicide, and anxiety sensitivity has been proposed as one of the individual characteristics that increase such attempts. However, there is a lack of research that explores the underlying mechanism of how anxiety sensitivity is associated with suicide attempts. The present study examined the mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts among psychiatric patients. The moderating effect of gender in this mediating relationship was also investigated. Two hundred twenty-nine patients who visited the psychiatric department at a university hospital in Seoul completed self-report measures and structured clinical interview. Data on demographic characteristics as well as anxiety sensitivity (ASI-3), rumination (RRS), and hopelessness (BHS) were collected. Structured interviews (SCID-5-CV) were also administered to identify their history and frequency of suicide attempts. The results indicated a significant mediating effect of rumination and hopelessness in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and repeated suicide attempts. This association differed by gender, demonstrating a moderated mediation effect. More specifically, the mediation effect was not significant among men. In the case of women, the simple mediation effect of hopelessness was significant (indirect effect = 0.008, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.016]), and the serial mediation effect of rumination and hopelessness was also significant (indirect effect = 0.006, Boot SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.003, 0.012]). The results imply a significant link between hopelessness and suicide attempts, specifically observed in women (interaction effect = 0.081, SE = 0.033, 95% CI [0.015, 0.146]). The present study highlights the prominent role of anxiety sensitivity regarding suicidal risks among patients with mental disorders. Moreover, it is vital to consider both rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy, and feelings of hopelessness to understand their repeated suicide attempts better. In addition, this study provides evidence of the importance of gender-specific interventions in suicide prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination behavior in cattle can provide valuable information for monitoring health status and animal welfare, but continuous monitoring is essential to detect changes in rumination behavior. In a previous study validating the use of a respiration rate sensor equipped with a triaxial accelerometer, the regurgitation process was also clearly visible in the pressure and accelerometer data. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to measure the individual lengths of rumination cycles and to validate whether the sensor data showed the same number of regurgitations as those counted visually (video or direct observation). For this purpose, 19 Holstein Friesian cows equipped with a respiration rate sensor were observed for two years, with a focus on rumination behavior. The results showed a mean duration of 59.27 ± 9.01 s (mean ± SD) per rumination cycle and good agreement (sensitivity: 99.1–100%, specificity: 87.8–95%) between the two methods (sensor and visual observations). However, the frequency of data streaming (continuously or every 30 s) from the sensor to the data storage system strongly influenced the classification performance. In the future, an algorithm and a data cache will be integrated into the sensor to provide rumination time as an additional output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research examining gender differences in perseverative cognition (repetitive, negative, and difficult-to-control thoughts) has focused on depressive rumination and internalizing syndromes. This study examines the transdiagnostic role of depressive rumination, anger rumination, and repetitive negative thinking across gender on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Utilizing an ethnoracially diverse sample (33% Black, 35% Latinx, 32% White non-Hispanic) of n = 1,187 young adults (49.5% women), we found equivalent instrument functioning across gender for depressive rumination (specifically brooding), anger rumination, and internalizing problems. Differential item functioning was found for repetitive negative thinking and externalizing problems; partial metric and scalar invariance were established for repetitive negative thinking, and partial metric invariance was established for externalizing problems. After accounting for bias in measurement, women engaged in more perseverative cognition, though effects were small for brooding and anger rumination and large for repetitive negative thinking. Different types of perseverations were positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms across gender. Perseverative cognition may be a transdiagnostic mechanism beyond internalizing problems. Public Significance Statement: This study demonstrated that women engage in more perseverative cognition (repetitive, negative, and difficult-to-control thoughts); however, this thinking process is related to various mental health problems in both women and men. Thus, targeting perseverative cognition in psychological treatment may be important to ameliorate a host of mental health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Avoidance/rumination predicted poorer health outcomes among people living with HIV. • Findings over time were significant after accounting for depression severity. • Avoidance/rumination may be a useful treatment target. Pain, substance use, and mental health conditions are common among people living with HIV (PLWH), and avoidance and rumination may influence the co-occurrence of these conditions. The present study examined longitudinal associations between avoidance/rumination and pain outcomes, anxiety, anger, and substance use among PLWH. Participants (N = 187) with chronic pain and depressive symptoms completed self-report assessments over a 1-year period. Greater avoidance/rumination was positively associated with mental health outcomes (anxiety, anger), pain interference, and alcohol use across participants after controlling for depression severity. At time points with greater avoidance/rumination than average, participants also reported increased pain severity and interference, anxiety and anger symptoms, and alcohol use. No associations were found between avoidance/rumination and cannabis use. Results suggest a mechanistic effect of avoidance/rumination, such that increases in avoidance/rumination correspond with poorer health outcomes among PLWH over time. Targeting avoidance/rumination through intervention approaches may be beneficial for addressing comorbid health conditions among PLWH. Additional research is necessary to investigate this possibility and further characterize the effects of avoidance/rumination on health outcomes for PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job demands can negatively affect sleep. However, previous studies have provided inconclusive results regarding the mediating role of work‐related rumination in this relationship. Integrating prolonged activation theory with the challenge‐hindrance framework, we hypothesized that – on a day level – hindrance demands, but not challenge demands, are negatively associated with sleep quality and sleep duration via work‐related rumination. We tested this assumption in a 14‐day ambulatory assessment study with a sample of employees (N = 175). As predicted, we found that only hindrance demands, but not challenge demands, are related to sleep quality via work‐related rumination. No relationships with sleep duration were found for any type of job demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination is a maladaptive response to distress characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). It is unclear to what degree rumination is associated with depression severity prior to treatment and how it responds to antidepressant treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the association between rumination and depression severity in 92 untreated patients with MDD and explored the changes in rumination after initiation of antidepressant medication. We measured rumination using the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and depression severity with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS 17 or HDRS 6) before and after initiation of 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. The association between RRS and pre-treatment HDRS 17 was evaluated using a linear regression model. RRS at week 4, 8, and 12 across treatment response categories (remission vs. non-response) were evaluated using a mixed effect model. RRS was positively associated with depression severity prior to treatment at a trend level (p = 0.06). After initiation of treatment RRS decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) and remitters exhibited lower rumination compared to non-responders at week 4 (p = 0.03), 8 (p = 0.01), and 12 (p = 0.007). The study had no placebo group. Although pre-treatment rumination did not significantly associate with depressive symptoms, rumination was closely connected to change in depressive symptoms. Tormented patients could be reassured that rumination symptoms may be alleviated over the course of antidepressant treatment. • Pre-treatment rumination associate with depression severity at a trend level. • Rumination is connected to change in depressive symptoms during treatment. • Different rumination time-courses are created after 4 weeks of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional outcomes associated with subjective well-being (SWB) and the detrimental aspects of psychological distress (PD) make it essential to explore contributing factors. The present study investigated a model about the existing gap in the determining role of trait anger (TA), state anger (SA), cognitive reappraisal (CR), rumination and cognitive failure (CF) as predictors of SWB and PD. The study contributes by exploring the interaction of dispositional, situation factors and emotional regulation strategies in shaping SWB and PD in the Indian Sample. A cross-sectional survey design was employed wherein 600 young adults aged 18–40 (Mage = 22.13, SDage = 4.06) were recruited from Uttar Pradesh, India using a multi-level cluster sampling method. The data were collected using questionnaires in the field setting during August–December 2021. Regression and path analysis revealed that the proposed predictors explained significant variance in SWB and PD, i.e., R2 = 0.24, F (5, 594) = 38.03, p < 0.01, Cohen f2 =0.31 and R2 = 0.35, F (5, 594) = 66.40, p < 0.01, Cohen f2 = 0.53, respectively. The models also fit well with the statistical indices. Except CR, all predictors emerged as significant risk factors. The findings suggest that the interventions to reduce PD and enhance SWB may consider inculcating CR and reducing higher levels of TA, SA, rumination and CF to enhance an individual's adaptive functioning. The findings pave the way for conducting a pre-planned experiment to study the outcomes of various levels of TA in regulating incidental anger (SA) employing CR and rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale (PBRS) in Chinese college students. Methods: A total of 968 college students were selected. Exploratory factor analysis, criterion validity and internal consistency reliability test were performed on sample 1 (n=496). The Rumi- native Responses Scale (RRS), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used as criteria for criterion validity test. Confirmatory factor analysis and Measurement invariance across gen- der were performed on sample 2 (n = 472). The 87 college students in sample 1 were retested 6 weeks later. Results: The exploratory factor analysis found 1 factor, which explained 54. 39% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 1-factor model fitted well (x²/df=3. 38, CFI = 0. 962, TLI = 0.940, SRMR =0.043, RMSEA = 0.071). The scores of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale were positively correlated with the scores of RRS, MCQ and BDI-II (ICC = 0. 37, 0. 41, 0. 12, Ps <0.01). The Cronbach a coefficient of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale was 0. 89. The retest reliability (ICC) of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale was 0. 72. The configural, weak, strong and strict invariance of the PBRS across gender were all acceptable (ACFI, ATLI <0.01). Conclusion: The Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale has good validity and reliability in Chinese college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Core self-evaluation (CSE) has demonstrated a role in emotional distress, with rumination and forgiveness mediating this. This paper aimed to extend on such research by exploring the relationships that CSE, rumination, and forgiveness have with state and trait anger, and with the expression and control of anger. Participants (N = 193) completed an online survey measuring CSE, rumination, forgiveness, and their experiences and expression of anger. The analysis demonstrated that CSE was negatively correlated with state anger, trait anger, outward expressions of anger, and internalised expressions of anger. It was positively correlated with efforts to control external demonstrations of anger and to internally control the experience of anger. Rumination and forgiveness were subsequently found to provide full and serial mediation of the relationships that CSE demonstrated with state anger, trait anger, and the internalised expression of anger. Only rumination mediated the relationship between CSE and the external expression of anger. Rumination did not directly influence the positive relationships between CSE and both forms of anger control. These findings provide further insight into the beliefs and cognitive processes that influence an individual's experiences of anger, their expression of anger, and their efforts to control anger. They also have implications for how interventions targeting CSE, rumination, and forgiveness may be used in related treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current article, we describe the development and validation of the Social Comparison Rumination Scale. This measured was developed as a supplement to existing social comparison measures and to enable us to determine its potential relevance to perfectionism and other personality constructs. The Social Comparison Rumination Scale (SCRS) is a six-item inventory assessing the extent to which an individual is cognitively preoccupied and thinking repetitively about social comparison outcomes and information. Three studies with five samples of university students are described. Psychometric analyses established the SCRS consists of one factor assessed with high internal consistency and the measure is reliable and valid. Analyses showed that elevated levels of social comparison rumination are associated with trait perfectionism, perfectionistic automatic thoughts, perfectionistic self-presentation, ruminative brooding, burnout, depression, and fear of negative evaluation. Links were also established between social comparison rumination and both narcissism and dispositional envy. Overall, our findings support the further use of the SCRS and highlight the tendency of many people to think in deleterious ways about social comparisons long after the actual comparisons have taken place. We discuss social comparison rumination within the context of concerns about excessive social media use and young people being exposed to seemingly perfect lives that became a vexing cognitive preoccupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) express concern about self-perceived cognitive decline despite no objective impairment and are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Despite documented links between SCD and repetitive negative thinking (RNT), the specific impact of RNT on brain integrity and cognition in exacerbating the SCD condition remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the influence of RNT on global cognition and brain integrity, and their interrelationships among healthy middle-aged and older adults experiencing SCD. Methods: Out of 616 individuals with neuroimaging and neuropsychological data available, 89 (mean age = 56.18 years; 68.54% females) met SCD criteria. Eighty-nine non-SCD individuals matched by age, sex, and education were also selected and represented the control group (mean age = 56.09 years; 68.54% females). Global cognition was measured using the preclinical Alzheimer's cognitive composite (PACC5), which includes dementia screening, episodic memory, processing speed, and category fluency tests. RNT was calculated through three questionnaires assessing intrusive thoughts, persistent worry, and rumination. We generated cortical thickness (CTh) maps and quantified the volume of white matter lesions (WML) in the whole brain, as grey and white matter integrity measures, respectively. Results: SCD individuals exhibited higher RNT scores, and thinner right temporal cortex compared to controls. No differences were observed in PACC5 and WML burden between groups. Only the SCD group demonstrated positive associations in the CTh-PACC5, CTh-RNT, and WML-RNT relationships. Discussion: In this cross-sectional study, RNT was exclusively associated with brain integrity in SCD. Even though our findings align with the broader importance of investigating treatable psychological factors in SCD, further research may reveal a modulatory effect of RNT on the relationship between cognition and brain integrity in SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well-established that general anxiety associates with the lower use of adaptive emotion regulation and the higher use of maladaptive emotion regulation. However, no study has previously investigated the impact of cognitive emotion regulation on academic anxieties. Using a sample of secondary school students (N = 391), this study examined the impact of cognitive emotion regulation on math and science anxieties. Math anxiety showed stronger correlations with adaptive than maladaptive emotion regulation, whereas general anxiety showed stronger correlations with maladaptive than adaptive emotion regulation. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that math anxiety was associated with the high uses of acceptance, rumination and other-blame and the low uses of positive reappraisal and putting into perspective. However, with controlling science and general anxieties, math anxiety was associated with the high use of rumination and the low use of positive reappraisal. In contrast, science anxiety was associated with the high uses of acceptance and other-blame and the low use of positive reappraisal. Importantly, however, with controlling math and general anxieties, those science anxiety associations did not remain. Accordingly, these results might provide important insights for the specificity, etiology, and intervention of math anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Response styles to depressive mood, which are ruminative or distractive responses, have both adaptive and maladaptive forms. The adaptiveness of ruminative/distractive responses is associated with decentering. However, whether decentering increases using adaptive response styles or adaptive (maladaptive) response styles heighten (lower) decentering levels remains unclear. This short-term longitudinal survey examined the sequential influence of decentering on response styles and the indirect effect of decentering on depression through response styles. One hundred twenty-six Japanese undergraduates completed questionnaires on response styles, decentering, and depressive symptoms at two points in time, four weeks apart. Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that decentering predicted lower maladaptive ruminative and distractive responses and a higher adaptive ruminative response. Adaptive ruminative response predicted higher decentering. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that decentering influenced depression through adaptive/maladaptive ruminative responses. Results suggest that an individual's decentering level partly determines which response style is likely to be used when an initial depressive mood is experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) has an association with psychological issues, increasing the risk of suicide. Social exclusion is a common and negative phenomenon, arising as a great risk factor for individuals' physical and mental health. College students are in a development period featuring challenges and opportunities, making them vulnerable to social exclusion and NSSI. In this context, this study explored the mechanism of rumination between social exclusion and NSSI among college students and its significance as a mediator. Participants were 674 Chinese college students selected using random cluster sampling. The questionnaires included the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Undergraduates (SEQU), the Adolescent Self-Injury Scale (ASIS), and the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS). Additionally, Bootstrap analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of rumination between social exclusion and NSSI among college students. The results indicate significant positive correlations among social exclusion, NSSI, and rumination (r = 0.171,0.383,0.243, all p < 0.001). This suggests that college students' social exclusion can directly affect the occurrence of NSSI and indirectly influence NSSI through the mediating role of rumination (β = 0.20,t = 4.97,p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic interplay between emotion regulation and seasonal fluctuations in depressive symptoms remains poorly understood. Our study therefore investigated the prospective relationship between everyday emotion regulation and depressive symptoms across summer, autumn, early winter, and late winter. At each season, participants (N = 194) were asked to report their use of emotion regulation strategies (rumination, suppression, reappraisal, acceptance) using ecological momentary assessment, and to fill in online questionnaires. We observed an increase in depressive symptoms and rumination from summer to early winter, while acceptance decreased over the seasons. Participants with an overall higher use of acceptance demonstrated lower depressive symptoms. In contrast, participants showing a greater engagement in suppression, rumination, and reappraisal exhibited higher depressive symptoms, with the latter two strategies emerging as temporal precursors of symptom severity. These findings highlight the clinical importance of emotion regulation in explaining seasonal fluctuations in depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craving is a core feature of addiction. Rumination and depression play a crucial role in the process of methamphetamine addiction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rumination, depression and craving in methamphetamine patients, which has not been explored yet. A total of 778 patients with methamphetamine user disorder (MUD) at the Xinhua Drug Rehabilitation Center, located in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. We used a set of self-administered questionnaires that included socio-demographic, detailed drug use history, rumination, depression and craving information. The Rumination Response Scale (RRS) was used to measure rumination, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure craving. There was a significant positive correlation between rumination and craving, or depression, and between depression and craving. Furthermore, depression mediated between rumination and craving, with a mediation effect of 160%. Our findings suggest that there is a close interrelationship between rumination, craving and depression in MUD patients, and that depression may play a mediating role between rumination and craving. This is the first study to investigate the relationship between rumination and craving during withdrawal in methamphetamine dependent patients and the mediating role of depression. Among methamphetamine patients, it was found that reflection was positively correlated with rumination and depression, depression and craving, rumination and craving, and depression plays the mediating role between rumination and craving. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce depression and rumination may also be effective for withdrawal and relapse reduction in methamphetamine patients, providing further rationale for the treatment of methamphetamine patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals have different rumination patterns after experiencing traumatic events in different cultural backgrounds and situations. This study aimed to explore the experience of Chinese young and middle-aged patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to understand the content and nature of their rumination. Sixteen participants were selected using the purposive sampling method in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological method. The participants went through two successive stages: non-adaptive rumination and adaptive rumination. During the initial admission phase, all the participants experienced varying degrees of non-adaptive rumination. Non-adaptive rumination included four sub-themes: worry or anxiety of daily activities and medical therapy (37.50%), fear of unpredictable outcomes and death (37.50%), sadness of maladjustment (25.00%), and remorse of carelessness (12.50%). During the period of stable condition and pre-discharge, the participants received health education and gradually all transitioned to adaptive rumination. Adaptive rumination included four sub-themes: tracing of disease processes (100%), enhancement of disease cognition (81.25%), improvement of health awareness (62.50%), and adjustment of lifestyle cognition (100%). In conclusion, although the Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS experienced negative emotions after a traumatic cardiac event, they gradually made positive changes, and optimism and information support played important roles in this transition. The results of this study provide a fundamental understanding of rumination experiences in Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS and provide new data for healthcare providers when designing intervention programs to enhance post-traumatic growth in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphone distraction (SD) is closely related to depression, and the prevalence of SD among nursing students is gradually increasing. However, the potential mechanism of the effect of SD on nursing students' depression is unclear. A total of 574 nursing students were assessed using Smartphone Distraction Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, Hikikomori Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The results indicated that SD among nursing students had an impact on depression through four pathways: (1) SD was positively associated with depression (β = 0.353, P < 0.001); (2) Rumination (β = 0.199, 95% CI: 0.081 to 0.162) and social withdrawal (β = 0.061, 95% CI: 0.034 to 0.091) mediated the effects of SD on depression, respectively; and (3) Rumination and social withdrawal played a chain mediating role in the effect of SD on nursing students' depression (β = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.015 to 0.042). The negative impact of SD on nursing students' mental health should not be taken lightly. Schools and hospitals should guide nursing students to use smartphones correctly, including providing mental health education and professional psychological counselling; families could play a supervisory role and communicate regularly to understand the psychological state and learning of nursing students. These measures can help nursing students cope with stress and reduce the risk of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rumination is a transdiagnostic correlate and risk factor for mental disorders. However, few studies have explored rumination and its components in everyday life, or their associations with other transdiagnostic processes, such as deficits in attention control, which may be an explanatory mechanism or consequence of rumination. Inspired by the Nolen-Hoeksema's operationalization of rumination, we investigated the associations between five features of rumination and attention control. Method: We conducted a study relying upon experience sampling methodology: forty participants answered six items four times per day over a two-week period. Using a multilevel vector autoregressive approach, we computed three networks representing temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subjects associations. Results: The results showed that negativity of thoughts temporally drives all other features of rumination and was the only feature impoverishing attention control over time. Negativity was also the only feature negatively associated with attention control within the same time frame. In contrast, brooding was the only rumination feature to be associated with attention control in the between-subject network (i.e., similar to cross-sectional approach). Conclusion: These results highlight negativity as a driving force of rumination and as a potent pathway in the interplay between rumination's features and attention control. Although these results appear inconsistent with the hypothesis that impoverished attention control drives rumination, they fully align with the resource allocation hypothesis that engaging in negative thoughts depletes attentional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]