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Background: Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has been widely used by humans throughout its history for a variety of purposes (medicinal, alimentary and other uses). Armenia, with its rich cultural history and diverse ecosystems, offers a unique context for ethnobotanical research about traditional uses of Cannabis. The present work aims to study and preserve the local traditional knowledge about Cannabis in Armenia by conducting interviews with informants and through a literature review. Methods: The first part of the dataset was gathered with ethnobotanical surveys, through questionnaires conducted with 27 informants. The second part of the data was obtained from a comprehensive bibliographic search in English, Armenian and Russian language. Since the data acquisition was different, the quantitative analyses (calculation of the number of use reports and percentages) were performed separately. Results: During the interviews 52 use reports and 3 vernacular names were recorded, while the bibliographic data from 20 references, provided us with 56 use reports and 17 Cannabis vernacular names, from the 5th century to 2020. Our results indicate that medicinal applications, particularly for human ailments, and fibre use have markedly dwindled, contrasting with earlier epochs. However, the Cannabis seeds continue to be consumed in celebrative and symbolic dishes such as aghandz and tolma. Conclusions: The recent decline in the medicinal use of Cannabis contrasts with earlier periods when access to pharmacological remedies was limited, and societal views of the plant were more positive. This shift can be partly attributed to the impact of legal restrictions. In contrast, the use of Cannabis seeds for alimentary purposed is importantly maintained nowadays. As medicinal use, fibre use has also declined, largely due to the availability of more competitive modern products. The loss of vernacular names over time, as detected in this study, also reflects the erosion of traditional knowledge, which correlates with diminishing use. Despite the small sample size and limited geographic scope, the combination of two approaches—information from contemporary informants and a systematic bibliographic review—has provided valuable insights into the changes in the traditional use of Cannabis in Armenia, that has not been explored in this way before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary translation is an intercultural and interlinguistic discourse, one of the most difficult of which is the translation of classical plays. In this research, we are trying to provide solutions in the field of translation of classic Russian plays by analyzing the challenges in the translation of Alexander Pushkin's play written by Mikhail Bulgakov, a famous writer of the first decade of the 20th century Russia. In other words, the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the linguistic challenges faced by the translator when translating classical Russian plays. What are the most important challenges facing the translator in the process of literary translation? What methods should the translator use in dealing with specific realities of the source language? In this research, library research method and descriptive and analytical sample mining are used. The results of the research indicate that the translator of the play needs to know the realities of the source language in order to be able to find an accurate equivalent for them. The translator must have a good understanding of the speech situations in the writing and try to create the same effect as the source text on the reader of the target text. In addition, the translator must have the ability to analyze the discourses in the play and recognize the purpose of each of the characters in the discourse process in order to be successful in translating the illocutionary functions of the syntactic structures. The results of this research can be effective in the accurate translation of literary works, especially the translation of classical plays from Russian language to Persian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we aim to investigate the structural features of negative pronouns in Russian language to find the appropriate Persian equivalents for these pronouns and the errors in the translation of sentences containing these pronouns into Persian language. Since the topic of negative pronouns is different in terms of lexical, semantic, and functional features in Russian and Persian languages, Iranian language learners always face many problems when learning, understanding, and using these pronouns in speech. In this research, the question is raised, what were the causes of these problems and also the occurrence of errors in the translation of negative pronouns into Farsi. The purpose of this research is to find the cause of this problem by examining negative pronouns in Russian and Persian languages and showing their structural, semantic and grammatical differences and to provide solutions to solve it. The authors of this article, using the analytical-comparative method and relying on the available theoretical sources and also through the comparison of 160 cases of negative pronouns in the three existing translations of the literary novel ‘The Gambler’, carefully examined these pronouns and also the errors in their translation into Persian language. It should be noted that Iranian linguists in the semantic and grammatical classification of pronouns have never named negative pronouns as an independent group of pronouns. From the results of this research, it is possible to point to the presentation of suitable solutions for the translation of negative pronouns from Russian to Persian, the division of errors in the translation of these pronouns and the sentences containing them into Persian and how to correct them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary choices, especially vegetarianism, have attracted much attention lately due to their potential effects on the environment, human health, and morality. Despite this, public discourse on vegetarianism in Russian-language contexts remains underexplored. This paper introduces VegRuCorpus, a novel, manually annotated dataset of Russian-language social media texts expressing opinions on vegetarianism. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that contrastive learning significantly outperforms traditional machine learning and fine-tuned transformer models, achieving the best classification performance for distinguishing pro- and anti-vegetarian opinions. While traditional models perform competitively using syntactic and semantic representations and fine-tuned transformers show promise, our findings highlight the need for task-specific data to unlock their full potential. By providing a new dataset and insights into model performance, this work advances opinion mining and contributes to understanding nutritional health discourse in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a classic test used to assess episodic verbal memory in research and clinical practice. We aimed to adapt the RAVLT materials into Russian, provide performance norms across the adult lifespan for the Russian adaptation, and develop a mobile application for automated RAVLT administration across languages. Method: We created three psycholinguistically matched alternative versions of the RAVLT materials in Russian and incorporated them into a new RAVLT World tablet application. We tested 354 neurologically healthy 21-to-89-year-old Russian speakers, modeled their performance using multivariate multiple regression, and calculated demographically adjusted norms. We also tested the equivalence of performance across the three alternative Russian versions and between the pen-and-paper and digital form. Results: Performance across three alternative versions and between the pen-and-paper and digital form was equivalent, although test-retest reliability measured via intraclass correlation coefficients was limited. Older age, male gender and fewer years of education were associated with lower performance on both raw trial scores (R2 = .515) and composite scores (R2 = .961). Demographically adjusted norms are now available in a paper form and as part of the RAVLT World application. Conclusions: The new RAVLT adaptation can be used to assess verbal memory in Russian-speaking adults, serving their clinical needs and diversifying research on verbal memory. The equivalent alternative versions can serve for repeated testing in longitudinal designs. The RAVLT World tablet application, with automated administration and scoring, makes the test more accessible to patients and allows to incorporate multiple language versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ukraine's peace strategy in the context of the ongoing war with russia, particularly the «Formula for Peace,» serves as a pivotal political instrument for achieving a stable and just peace in Europe while strengthening global security. This process largely depends on the active participation and support of the international community, which must be ready not only politically, but also practically to assist in the implementation of peace agreements. Russian aggression against Ukraine has persisted for a decade. Since 2014, attempts at peaceful resolution, including the Minsk Contact Group and the Normandy Format, failed to secure a ceasefire or reintegration of Donbas, nor did they avert russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022. Bilateral negotiations commenced in the early days of the invasion: the first meeting occurred at the Belarusian border on 28 February 2022, followed by discussions on humanitarian corridors on 3 March in the Bialowieza Forest, and another on 7 March, which yielded no significant political outcomes. The final round of talks on 29-30 March in Istanbul explored Ukraine's potential rejection of NATO integration in exchange for security guarantees. Initially, russia proposed to «reduce activity» in the Kyiv and Chernihiv directions, contingent on Ukrainian military reductions, continued aspirations for EU membership, and freezing Crimea's status for 15 years. Conversely, russia demanded the recognition of Crimea, withdrawal of Ukrainian forces from Donbas, expanded rights for the russian language, and other concessions. However, after russia's retreat from northern Ukraine in April 2022 and mounting evidence of war crimes against civilians, the Ukrainian government withdrew from negotiations and abandoned the Istanbul proposals. The Peace Formula strategy has since become a cornerstone of Ukraine's efforts to navigate the conflict. In 2023, this initiative gained momentum, with extensive discussions involving representatives from all continents. These dialogues took place during meetings between Andriy Yermak, Head of the Office of the President of Ukraine, and foreign diplomats, as well as through consultations among national security advisers. Working groups were established to evaluate the 10 points of the Ukrainian initiative, encapsulating its vision in a document titled Philo sophy of the Peace Formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal language is a unique form of communication full of technical terms and clichés. Even words used in everyday life can take on completely different meanings in legal contexts. For this reason, a branch of linguistics called legal linguistics has recently emerged in the field of linguistics. Modern Russia and Turkey use the same legal system. However, legal translation between the Russian and Turkish legal languages is a very challenging field. To produce a quality translation in this field, it is necessary to know the two national legal systems, the terms used, and the meanings of the clichéd expressions. It is noticeable that the number of common legal terms used in the Russian and Turkish legal languages is low. The reason for this situation is that the Turkish legal language is based on Islamic law, and most of the terms are of Arabic origin. There are terms related to Islamic law that are used in the Russian legal language. However, the introduction of these terms into the Russian language through borrowing may lead to changes in their meanings. Therefore, the main purpose of the research is to identify the terms of Arabic origin used in the Russian legal language, to compare them with the fiqh terms in terms of meaning, and to determine the changes in the meaning of the borrowed fiqh terms in the explanations. During the research, linguistic research methods such as document analysis, comparative analysis, and descriptive analysis were used. In addition to these research methods, component analysis and contextual analysis which are used in semantic research were also employed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that most of the fiqh terms in the Russian legal language have undergone phonetic changes. In some cases, these changes even make it difficult to find the equivalent of the terms among fiqh terms. Furthermore, the conceptual frameworks of the terms of Arabic origin were created, and it was concluded that the conceptual frameworks of many terms contain incomplete information compared to the fiqh terms. Some terms are included in the dictionaries of legal terms in order to provide more encyclopaedic explanatory information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to linguists, language interactions have emerged as a result of oral communication between individuals of communities speaking the same or different languages. These interactions have a great impact on the vocabulary of languages. This disciplinary field in linguistics studies the historical processes and consequences of interaction between two or more languages under certain historical or social conditions. In the historical process, there have been cultural, geographical, political, military, commercial, religious, etc. interactions between Russian and Turkish peoples. In this direction, the use of language by Russian and Turkish peoples in all areas to meet their needs in daily life has caused Russian and Turkish to lend many loanwords to each other. In this framework, the study analyzes the loanwords that entered the vocabulary of Russian and Turkish, which are from different language families and clarifies the extent of the interaction at the level of vocabulary. The unique value of the study is that it analyzes the linguistic traces of historical interactions between Turkish and Russian through loanwords. This analysis sheds light on the rich lexical interaction between the two languages by showing the cultural and social effects of word exchange. The study aims to provide a useful study on the borrowings in the lexicon of Russian and Turkish by analyzing the loanwords common to the etymological dictionaries of important linguists such as E.N Şipova, M. Fasmer, and G. Karaağaç. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we introduce parafoveal letter confusion matrices for the Russian language, which uses the Cyrillic script. To ensure that our confusion rates reflect parafoveal processing and no other effects, we employed an adapted boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) that prevented the participants from directly fixating the letter stimuli. Additionally, we assessed confusability under isolated and word-like (crowded) conditions using two modern fonts, since previous research showed that letter recognition depended on crowding and font (Coates, 2015; Pelli et al., 2006). Our additional goal was to gain insight into what letter features or configurational patterns might be essential for letter recognition in Russian; thus, we conducted exploratory clustering analysis on visual confusion scores to identify groups of similar letters. To support this analysis, we conducted a comprehensive review of over 20 studies that proposed crucial properties of Latin letters relevant to character perception. The summary of this review is valuable not only for our current study but also for future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Slavic Studies is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper delves into the temporal interpretation of fronting constructions in English, a topic that has received limited attention in the literature on tense semantics. It presents new empirical findings revealing that specific fronting configurations, involving present tense morphology in a complement CP under a matrix past tense, can yield a theoretically unexpected simultaneous interpretation. A novel theoretical framework for understanding English tense is proposed, which accounts for the temporal interpretation of both fronting and non-fronting versions of attitude reports. The framework introduces a null simultaneous tense as a replacement for the conventional indexical present and the Sequence-of-Tense (SOT) de se tense. It is argued that in complement CPs the null simultaneous tense, as well as past tense, can be anchored either to the attitude time or to the utterance time. In either case, each tense receives a de re interpretation. Moreover, the paper contends that evidence from fronting constructions supports Kratzer's (Proceedings of semantics and linguistic theory 8, pp. 92–110, 1998) proposal that the transmission of temporal features (as part of the mechanism of SOT) occurs at PF. Finally, the proposed revision of the English tense system contributes to a more unified cross-linguistic perspective on tense. It is demonstrated how the temporal readings of attitude reports arising in such non-SOT languages as Russian, Japanese, and Hebrew can be captured within the system developed for English, with known contrasts attributed to the absence of Feature Transmission in those languages. Further known and new data from English, Modern Greek, and German are examined, revealing variations in SOT effects across SOT languages. These data are used as additional evidence supporting the claim that cross-linguistic variation in the interpretation of complement tense stems solely from differences in Feature Transmission. Regarding the semantic profile of tenses, it can be considered largely invariant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the origins and functioning of the lexeme tseninnyi throughout the history of the Russian language, focusing on its role as a color term with Oriental roots. Its semantic evolution was traced using a variety of sources, including historical, etymological, and dialect dictionaries, as well as Old Russian texts. The analysis is based on 1) systemic-linguistic, or paradigmatic, and 2) etymological aspects. In Old Russian texts, this term refers to a shade of blue (tseninnyi1 ) and glazed ceramics with blue enamel (tseninnyj2 ). Both of these meanings emerged almost simultaneously in the second half of the 16th century. As a color name, tseninnyi fell out of use before the end of the 17th century, largely due to changing fashion trends as the expensive textiles in this color gradually became unpopular. At the same time, tseninnyi, when used in architectural language to denote glazed ceramics and tiles with a monochrome pattern, has proved to be more enduring and survived up to the present day.

The article examines linguistic means of representing geometric terminology in the Russian translated written records of the early 17th century “Charter of Martial, Cannon and Other Matters Related to Military Science”. The text of the military treatise Kriegsbuch (1573) by L. Fronsperger served as a source for the Russian text. The undertaken contrastive analysis of German and Russian texts resulted in the conclusion that Russian translators, when rendering German terms into Russian, mainly followed the strategy of domestication with the focus on the system of nominations that existed in the Russian language of that time. If there were correlated concepts in Russian, relatively stable ways of conveying them were used: Punct – stat’ya (article), Linie – cherta, chertezh (line), Winckel – ugol (angle), Tryangel – tregranets (triangle), etc. In the absence of equivalents, the translator could transliterate a foreign word and simultaneously use the words of the native language that are close in meaning: Diameter is expressed as diamet(e)r, razmer, mera. If the translator failed to give the appropriate Russian analogue or explanation, a word could have been omitted or rendered based on the information in the drawing (Centro, Hipotenusa, Cathetus, etc.). The lack of developed and generally accepted geometric terminology and models of scientific narration missing in the Russian language of the early 17th century hindered the translator’s striving for increased readability of the text.

The Russian term for the Erzya and Moksha Peoples, Mordva, attested since the 12th century, is an exoethnonym with no roots in the Mordvinic languages. The common theory that it was formed with the Russian collective suffix -va is inaccurate, as this suffix, in combination with nominal stems, likely did not exist in Old Russian. A grammatical analysis of the Russian term Mordva suggests that it developed within a noun-declension paradigm ending in -ū, originating from the ethnotoponym mordy. Early attestations, such as the toponym Μορδία in Constantine Porphyrogenitus’s writings (10th century) and the ethnonym Mordens (< Goth. *mordja /*mordi) in Jordanes (6th century, based on earlier 4th-century accounts), support the existence of a proto-form mordi, generally traced to the Iranian *marta-/mart(i)i̯a, meaning ‘man, mortal’. However, the exact pathways of this borrowing from Iranian remain uncertain. The ethnonymic model of “‘man, people’ → autoethnonym” is not typical for societies in early political formation stages, and in Iranian onomastics, marta alone was never used as an ethnonym. The likely source of these terms is the Iranian ethnonym (possibly originally a socionym) må̄rdi- (Avestan marəδa, Μάρδοι/Ἄμαρδοι in ancient sources), meaning “killer” — a designation for nomadic, warlike Iranian tribes of the southern and eastern Caspian regions, potentially extending further north, from the second half of the 1st millennium BC. The term reached the Volga region in the early centuries AD, carried by migrating military groups who left Andreevsko-Piseralian-type artefacts on the Volga’s right bank below the mouth of the Oka. From these Iranians, the ethnonym (or socionym) må̄rdi- was adopted by the Goths (as Mordens), passed to the Byzantines (as Μορδία), and, by the early 2nd millennium AD, entered Old Russian (as Mordians, later Mordva).

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Latvia has been altering its language policy towards the Russian language as a language of national minority. The article describes the evolution of language-related laws, as well as the social and role of the Russian language in Latvia. The authors combined various methods of linguistics, history, and politics to establish the importance of the Russian language in Latvian education and socio-cultural life. The current language policy focuses on consolidation, self-identity, and historical memory of the Latvian population. The resulting social tension requires more diversity and inclusivity to maintain the balance between the languages and preserve the cultural heritage. Stronger language rights for ethnic minorities could improve the social development and unity of Latvia. Latvia’s experience is important for China as a multinational country as it strives to find a balance between promoting the state language and protecting the languages of national minorities. The study of Latvia’s modern language policy and its historical roots contributes to the mutual cooperation between Latvia and China in economics, education, and culture. A good understanding of the national language is a key factor for business communications and cultural exchange.

The Kyrgyz sector of the Internet relies both on Russian and Kyrgyz. The research objective was to identify the roles of Russian and Kyrgyz in the Kyrgyz Internet space, including social networks. Although the Russian language remains the main meta-language of digital communication support in Kyrgyzstan, it serves as an engine of promoting Kyrgyz as a state language. The study revealed the major problem in the use of the Kyrgyz language in the digital space: it simply has no linguistic resources to describe this sphere of life. Most Kyrgyz citizens are bilingual, and they prefer to use Russian in the sphere of social services and social networks due to the weak development and poor implementation of digital Kyrgyz-language platforms. The state is currently trying to introduce Kyrgyz into various digital products. These imperative measures take into account neither the actual needs of Kyrgyz citizens nor the actual potential of the state language. The best practice belongs to the countries that choose not to put an unbearable burden on their own languages in certain social spheres and turn to those that are more effective for this or that particular purpose of social communication.

This exploratory research examines the possibilities of applying new teaching approaches and working methods in the acquisition of Russian and German languages in the pedagogical profession under specific conditions of distance learning in an online environment. The theoretical context in which the draft of this research is placed refers to the elements of theories that are the basis of the self-regulation of learning (Sternberg, Deci, Rijan, Bandura), among which motivational aspects are at the top of the list. The method of the systematic non-experimental observation, in which statistical analyses are a substitute for experimental controls, seeks answers to questions about the advantages and limitations of online teaching in foreign language learning. In the research, a convenient sample was used, which consists of 107 students of the Faculty of Education, University of Belgrade, with Teaching Departments in Vršac and Novi Pazar, and Vocational Education and Medical College in Vršac. For the purposes of the research, a Likert-type questionnaire (PONUSJ) was used, which refers to the general assessment of the success of using ICT, and especially to the use of ICT in independent learning of a foreign (German and Russian) language outside of class, then to specific language aspects and skills for which adoption and improvement of online teaching very suitable, to different forms of work that have proven to be particularly interesting and useful during online foreign language teaching, as well as to the forms of classroom interaction that are assumed to be less suitable for online foreign language teaching. The reliability of the instrument determined by Cronbach’s α coefficient is satisfactory (α = 87).

The article deals with the ways of expressing concepts of state in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment and the peculiarities of their reproduction in the translation of the novel into Bulgarian by the poet and translator Georgi Konstantinov. The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient study of Dostoevsky’s linguistic techniques in conveying the state of the characters and the environment, as well as the peculiarities of translating the concepts of state from Russian into Bulgarian. The problem of translatability of grammar, the dependence of discrepancies between the original and translation on the systemic features of languages is investigated. Research methods: comparative, contextual, structural-grammatical, lexico-semantic. The material is collected from the parallel Russian and Bulgarian texts of the novel and the Russian/Bulgarian subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The author of the article concludes that Georgi Konstantinov managed to convey both the global universal meanings of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment and the individual originality of the writer’s language. At the same time, the study reveals natural discrepancies between the original novel and its translation, which are explained by a number of reasons: 1) partial differences in the linguistic conceptualization of the world in the two languages: the Russian language picture of the world is characterized by objectspatial dominance, spatial models serve as a basis for the design of different types of relations, including state concepts; Bulgarian language focuses on the state as an action or a dynamic characteristic of a person; 2) systemic differences between modern Russian and Bulgarian languages, discrepancies in their grammatical, lexicallinguistic, lexical-semantic resources, which is regularly observed in the transition from Russian impersonal sentences to Bulgarian bipartite or definite-personal sentences, from prepositional-padding combinations of Russian to Bulgarian verb forms; 3) the translator’s skill, the nature of his perception of the content of the text, key and precedent words.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a more comprehensive analysis of the linguistic and creative activity of users in computer-mediated communication, achieved through language play. In informal computer-mediated communication, the phenomenon of language play, as a manifestation of linguistic creativity, serves as a means of self-presentation and entertainment, impacting all levels of the language system, primarily the orthographic and lexical level, as well as the level of word-formation. The aim of the study is thus to identify the most frequent patterns of language play in informal computer-mediated communication based on data collected from Russian-language Internet forums. Research material were texts of messages exchanged by users within the framework of informal, relaxed communication on Russian-language Internet forums, participants of which are residents of the Russian Federation, as well as post-Soviet countries and other countries around the world. Based on the material selected by means of a complete sampling from October 2022 to March 2024, the author’s card index was compiled, numbering 396 contexts in which various types of language games are presented. For the purposes of the study, methods of continuous sampling, direct observation of language use, contextual, semantic and stylistic analysis, analysis of word-formation processes as well as descriptive and analytical approach were applied. The novelty of the work is due to the specifics of the linguistic material and is associated with the analysis of specific ways of manifestation of linguistic creativity in Internet discourse. The theoretical framework of the present paper focuses on the studies of Russian and foreign scholars in the field of language play and linguistic creativity. It has been established that anonymity of communication on the forum promotes spontaneity and freedom of expression, and also creates favorable conditions for the linguistic and creative activities of communicants, realized through a language play, which is carried out using linguistic means of different levels. The analysis of the collected data made it possible to identify the most frequent language play techniques in informal computer-mediated communication on Russian-language Internet forums, such as the nonstandard use of graphic characters, the creation of nonce words and the various changes involving phraseological units, quotes and other fixed expressions. Prospects for the research are seen in further study of the linguistic and creative potential of computer-mediated communication using the material of the Russian language, as well as conducting comparative studies using primarily data from other Slavic languages.

Medical discourse as an institutional discourse is considered simultaneously in several aspects: genre palette; discourse participants and their communicative strategies and speech behaviour; forms of communication between patient and doctor; methods and material for transmitting medical information; linguistic means of monocode, polycode and multimodal text of medical discourse; visual means of polycode and multimodal tests; functions implemented by texts of different types. The very identification of the boundaries of medical discourse will remain relevant. The objects of analysis are Russian-language memes, demotivators, which we understand as a type of Internet memes, caricatures on a medical topic, printed advertisements for medical drugs, services and events, and medical posters. The subject of the study are iconic signs, index signs and symbols of medicine. The novelty of the proposed study is the appeal to these elements of a polycode text as a system of signs that are subject to decoding to recognize the author’s intention; their use is not obligatory, while their quality of generalization allows expressing a larger volume of meanings, and the recipient of the text relies on them to identify the text as belonging to medical discourse. The research material are polycode (with verbal and iconic series) texts with a total volume of 500 examples obtained by continuous sampling from the Internet. The study showed that the semiotic system should be recognized as an important element of polycode texts of medical discourse, since each of the three types of signs is noted in the five genres under consideration and performs summarizing, attractive, organizing, replacing and comic functions in the text. As an object of decoding in polycode texts on medical topics, we examined individual examples of the use of precedent phenomena. The algorithm for analyzing the semiotic system of medical discourse can be used to analyze the semiotic system of other types of institutional discourse.

The article presents the analysis of the dialogue nature of written academic communication based on Russian evaluative academic discourse. The texts of 70 official dissertation reviews in humanities and sciences, published on the sites of dissertation councils of Russian universities in 2020–2024, were used as an empiric base for the research. The research aims to identify the role of hedge markers – specific discourse units used to mitigate the claims of the author – in manifestation of the dialogue character of the dissertation review as a speech genre. The author proves that the dialogue character of the review is determined by its polemical and potentially traumatic nature, embedded ness into a broad academic context, orientation on a concrete addressee, public character of dissertation defenses in RF as well as personal acquaintance of many scholars involved in the academic communication. The dialogue nature of the review, which is explored in close relation to such categories as mitigation, tolerance, vagueness, and politeness, simultaneously realizes the addressing strategy (concern about the addressee) and self-presentation strategy (concern about the author’s reputation). The following types of hedge markers are singled out: self-mentions, mitigation signals, reflexives, performatives with speech and thinking verbs, evaluations of the academic message. It is shown that in humanities hedges demonstrate a higher frequency rate and a greater variety than in sciences which may be explained by the anthropocentric and subjective nature of humanities. The author emphasizes the imperative necessity to use hedges in dissertation reviews to avoid or mitigate communicative and professional risks in academic sphere. The use of hedges may be considered as an ecolinguistic strategy, an element of positive communication and a necessary component of the academic competence of a scholar.

The article analyzes headlines and headline complexes of electronic media publications of Ukraine, Poland and Russia. The focus is on media texts for 2022 dedicated to the events of the war in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the main linguistic means of implementing a manipulative strategy of interaction with potential addressees in the modern media discourse in a comparative aspect. The specifics of manipulative influence and manipulation are defined, and the linguopragmatic parameters of the analysis of media texts are characterized. The researcher focused on the communicative strategy of manipulation. This resulted in the representation of the definition of manipulation as a destructive phenomenon in communication. Graphical, lexical and grammatical means of implementing a manipulative strategy are analyzed in the headlines of media texts. The main attention is paid to semantic aspects. The main concepts of the implementation of the manipulation strategy in media headlines have been determined. The analysis was carried out in a comparative aspect. I compared the headlines in the media publications of Ukraine, Poland and Russia. The dominance of manipulative strategy in Russian media texts and suggestive influence in Ukrainian and Polish media discourse is analyzed. The typology of language means of implementing the strategy of manipulation in media headlines is represented.

The article is devoted to studying verbalization specifics of various emotional states in the texts in the Russian language with the purpose to confirm or refute the hypothesis that texts of different emotional classes reflect the denotative situation not identically, which is reflected in thematic specifics and lexical content. The research material consisted of eight corpus texts in the Russian language, which were extracted from the public pages of the social network VKontakte. The texts were selected according to emotional hashtags that corresponded to eight basic emotions, according to H. Lovheim’s model: anger, surprise, shame, enjoyment, disgust, distress, excitement, fear. The correspondence of emotion and hashtag was established in a preliminary psycholinguistic experiment. While analyzing the text collection, we used the method of computer thematic modeling to identify statistically nonrandom groups of words (topics). We applied the BERTopic neural network model to the collected data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that texts of 8 emotional classes contain an uneven number of topics, despite the fact that their number does not correlate directly with the amount of data: with a relatively small amount of data, there may be many topics, but in a voluminous corpus – few. The sets of words (tokens) that make up each non-random group (topic) differ in each subcorpora, reflecting the specifics of the denotative situation, which is formed under the influence of the emotional state of the speaker. The idea of diverse thematic “granularity” of texts of different emotional classes is theoretically justified.

Introduction. Currently, discursive words in the Karelian language have not been subjected to a comprehensive study, and many questions on the categories of connectors of both closely related and unrelated languages of the world cause controversy and discussion. The solution of these controversial issues is supposed to be possible through the accumulation of a significant amount of linguistic material, as well as data on the pragmatics, evolution, semantics and etymology of discursive words. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the official parts of speech (their composition, functions and semantics) in three dialects of the Karelian language (Karelian proper, Livvikov, Ludikov ones) within the framework of the project “Discursive words in the Karelian language: a comparative typological aspect”. Materials and Methods. The study of Karelian syntax was carried out in terms of comparison with the grammatical structure of the Finnish language, which is closely related to Karelian, and the Russian language. The materials for the research were Karelian dictionaries (dialect and new-written) and samples of dialect Karelian speech, which allow to identify the composition and semantics of discursive words, to determine their origin in dialects and dialects of the Karelian language. General scientific and specifically linguistic (comparative-typological, lexicographic, etymological, comparative-historical) methods were applied. Results and Discussion. The most important result of the conducted research is a comprehensive analysis of discursive words in the dialects of the Karelian language with the use of data from related (Finnish, Veps) and unrelated (Russian) languages. Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the study of pragmatics, evolution, semantics and etymology of discursive words of the Karelian language, and help to clarify the issue of connector categories in closely related and unrelated languages of the world.

This article presents a semantic-syntactic analysis of prepositions / postpositions and conjunctions of the Tatar and Russian languages with the semantics of precedence. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of the functioning of prepositions/postpositions and conjunctions of differently structured languages involved in the representation of the category of precedence. The work defines a range of prepositions and conjunctions of temporal semantics that realize the meaning under study. The scientific novelty is that the dominant functions of preposition/postposition or conjunction have been identified as non-verbal means of expressing temporality, in particular, the meaning of precedence, in determining the temporal meaning of a statement. The results obtained showed that in both languages the potential of representation by prepositions / postpositions and precedent conjunctions is determined by their compatibility. In both languages, postpositions / prepositions and postpositional words are characterized by high frequency functioning. In both languages, there is a preference for expressing precedence towards the evening time of day, which is logically understandable. The Tatar language also contains postpositional words. The semantics of precedence in time correlates with the semantics of precedence in space, the third additional meaning is proportionality, comparison in size. In the Russian language, prepositions are polysemantic and have an extremely high frequency of functioning, that is, the semantics of precedence is only one of the meanings. They often realize the meaning of the degree of manifestation and many others. In both languages, the semantics of precedence in complex sentences is realized by conjunctive expressions, including postpositions and prepositions of the same semantics. In the Tatar language there are subordinate and welded clauses, but in the Russian language only subordinate clauses are presented.

This study presents the experience of calculating the differential features of substantive word forms that explicate in speech different degrees of functional and functional-semantic convergence with the class of adverbs of interval. Using the example of the instrumental case form poroj (sometimes), the combinatorics and proportion of features of nuclear and peripheral nouns, as well as nuclear substantive adverbs, that explicate different stages of adverbialization in typical contexts, are demonstrated. The application of oppositional analysis in the study of different conditions for the use of the instrumental case form made it possible to identify the main stages of its adverbialization – the starting and final points of transposition, as well as the zone of peripheral nouns. The absence of intermediate (hybrid) structures and peripheral, functional proper adverbs in the transition zone between the nuclear noun and the nuclear adverb is substantiated. The dynamics of semantic and grammatical features of the substantive word form poroj (sometimes) are analyzed in different contexts in modern Russian language. The adverbial transposition of the word form under consideration is established to have a functional and semantic character. It is associated with the loss of semantic and grammatical features of a noun and the acquisition of categorical properties of adverbs, as well as with violation of the semantic identity of the original substantive lexeme and the formation of not only a grammatical, but also a lexical homonym, which is included in the subclass of adverbs of an interval exceeding a certain situational norm. The conclusion is relevant for the general theory of transitivity and syncretism in the field of semantics and grammar.

The article investigates the settlement names in Southern (Olonets) Karelia, where the Livvik dialect of the Karelian language has been spoken for centuries. The study highlights that, in the early stages of settlement by Livvik Karelians, the development of villages was shaped by the region’s physical geography and the population’s way of life. Due to the abundance of lakes and rivers in Southern Karelia, early villages were mostly established along these water bodies. However, from the 18th century onwards, settlements began to develop on higher ground, leading to the formation of “settlement” type villages. The article focuses on the types of rural settlements and the structure of their names. The most common single-component names include oikonyms with the -l formant, typically derived from personal names. Less common are deanthroponymic patterns without a formant, and those with the formants -(i)ne, -sto, or the Russian -ovo and -shchina. Among other oikonyms, those based on geographical terms such as pogostu ‘village with a church,’ kylä and hieru ‘village’ are particularly prevalent. The study also identifies terms for smaller settlements and farmsteads, such as kodi, kondu, perti, and taloi, along with terms borrowed from Russian, like myza and khutor. The author examines why certain types of oikonyms are more common, the timeline of their adoption into the local toponymy, and the inclusion of reconstructed terms like moiživo and tula, which likely referred to small homesteads. The author concludes that the formation of the settlement system in Southern Karelia peaked in the early 20th century but began to decline with collectivisation and subsequent repressions, leading to the abandonment of many villages in the 1960s and 1970s.

This paper is about Sámi children's right to learn their language in school in Russia (henceforth referred to as RtL). First, the core elements of this right are deduced from the international and regional instruments. These elements are legal recognition, non-discrimination, participation, appropriate education, and high-quality education. Then, the Russian legal acts are analysed to identify to what extent these elements are present in the Russian legal acts. The paper demonstrates that the five deduced elements of the RtL are found in the relevant Russian legal acts. However, the contents of some of these elements in the Russian legal acts are different from the contents of the corresponding elements deduced from the international and regional legal instruments. The paper also identifies challenges in the Russian legal acts that hinder the realisation of the RtL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Listening comprehension is central to language learning, yet it remains the least understood and least researched skill. This statement is still relevant today, as there is insufficient research to explore listening comprehension from the perspective of family-related multilingualism and to consider the complete linguistic repertoire of multilingual speakers. Moreover, with regard to home language, listening comprehension is assumed to be a more developed language competence than reading or writing. Based on the mentioned research, the aim of the present study is to investigate listening comprehension and its influencing factors specifically in German-Russian simultaneous bilinguals aged 13–19 (n = 99) by considering the home- and majority language. The study uses quantitative data collection methods such as linguistic tests in Russian and German for the elicitation in different levels of listening and questionnaires for strategy use and background. The research questions are as follows: What does the language proficiency and input in Russian look like? (1) Regarding listening comprehension in Russian as a home language, are there differences between the speakers within comprehension on different levels, e.g., is sound decoding easier than sentence parsing? (2) If there are differences in Russian as a home language, which linguistic and background variables can correlate with the performance of listening comprehension on its different levels? Concerning the first research question, the results show relevant differences between four different levels of listening comprehension (phoneme, word, sentence, and text level), which strengthened the assumed complexity of listening comprehension in the home language. In addition, the results show different connections between the listening comprehension competence and the input from different family members, as well as exposure to film and television in the home and majority language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poetry, as a unique art form, is so intertwined with its specific linguistic, cultural, and aesthetic elements that translating it into another language poses significant challenges. Using a descriptiveanalytical method and providing practical examples from Persian and Russian poetry, this article analyzes the linguistic and cultural challenges in the process of poetry translation. It demonstrates that translating poetry depends not only on conveying the meanings of words but also on preserving the cultural context of the text. Ultimately, it concludes that while a complete and accurate translation of poetry may seem impossible, translators can, by employing creativity and deep cultural understanding, strike a balance between linguistic and cultural elements to produce translations that are as close as possible to the original. The aim of this study is to emphasize that poetry translation is not merely a linguistic activity, but a process in which cultures and worldviews interact and exchange. Therefore, translators must be equipped not only with language skills but also with a deep understanding of the culture and context of the source language. Finally, it is suggested that to improve the quality of poetry translation, translators should adopt a dialectical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of German International Journal of Modern Science / Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für Zeitgenössische Wissenschaft is the property of Artmedia24 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, we investigate knowledge transfer from the RuQTopics dataset. This Russian topical dataset combines a large number of data points (361, 560 single-label, 170, 930 multi-label) with extensive class coverage (76 classes). We have prepared this dataset from the "Yandex Que" raw data. By evaluating the models trained on RuQTopics on the six matching classes from the Russian MASSIVE subset, we show that the RuQTopics dataset is suitable for real-world conversational tasks, as Russian-only models trained on this dataset consistently yield an accuracy around 85% on this subset. We have also found that for the multilingual BERT trained on RuQTopics and evaluated on the same six classes of MASSIVE (for all MASSIVE languages), the language-wise accuracy closely correlates (Spearman correlation 0.773 with p-value 2.997e − 11) with the approximate size of BERT pretraining data for the corresponding language. At the same time, the correlation of language-wise accuracy with the linguistic distance from the Russian language is not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study addresses the gap in understanding the lexico-grammatical-structural types of nouns, particularly how lexico-semantic variants gain new connotations during transposition. Drawing upon Babaytseva's theory of transitivity phenomena and building on Mel'chuk's text semantic theory, we identify the schemes and mechanisms of transposition relations concerning the lexical and grammatical categories of modern Russian nouns, by analyzing transposition phenomena and their semantic mechanisms in 660 Russian nouns with indefinite denotation and lexical and grammatical status. The research details all possible immigration transpositions of the lexical and grammatical categories of nouns at the minimal context level and their mechanisms. Findings reveal that approximately 27% of the examined nouns carry connotative meanings, encompassing functional-stylistic, cultural-ethnic, and emotional-evaluative facets. Additionally, the transposition of nouns can occur within or between categories. The principal mechanisms of transposition at the syntagmatic level include metaphors and metonymy. Transpositions at the lexical and semantic categories of nouns coincide with several phenomena: changes in the numerical paradigm, phraseologization, connotation, and the unveiling of the noun's stylistic potential. Plain language summary: This study analyzes transposition phenomena and their semantic mechanisms in a set of 660 Russian nouns. This study primarily seeks to identify the schemes and mechanisms of transposition relations regarding the lexical and grammatical categories of modern Russian nouns. Nouns with an indefinite denotation and lexical and grammatical status have been noted, and all possible immigration transpositions of the lexical and grammatical categories of nouns at the minimal context level and their mechanisms have been represented. It was discovered that the transposition of nouns can occur within or between categories. The main mechanisms of transposition at the syntagmatic level are metaphors and metonymy. Transpositions at the lexical and semantic categories of nouns are accompanied by the following phenomena: changes in the numerical paradigm, phraseologization, connotation, and disclosure of the stylistic potential of the noun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dissemination of the Russian language and culture is a key objective of Russian education within the framework of the state soft power mechanism. The purpose of the article is to analyse the implementation of short-term programmes on the Russian language and culture at Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Short-term language programmes provide adult learners with an opportunity to gain knowledge of the Russian language and culture. The study showcases the theoretical and methodological framework for teaching Russian as a foreign language the context of promoting Russian education abroad. The research focuses on examining significant issues related to teaching the Russian language and culture to foreign citizens in the present-day socio-political context. The changes that have occurred in the process of implementing programmes for teaching Russian to foreign citizens from 2020 to 2024 are outlined. The research offers a case study of the Russian language and culture programmes and the statistical data for the 2020-2024 period. Participants' survey data are analysed. The study contributes to the development of modern approaches to teaching Russian as a foreign language in the framework of international education initiatives. The results of the analysis can be used to adapt existing approaches to the internationalisation of education and to develop a strategy for recruiting foreign students for professional education programmes at Russian universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today's globalized world, more children are born to parents who speak two or more languages between them. These families manage complex language dynamics, with diverse language practices influencing communication among family members. The complexity intensifies when multilingual and multicultural parents move with their children to a country with a new majority language, while keeping connections to their original society. In such cases, balancing heritage and host country languages affects both cultural preservation and integration into a new society. Based on semi-structured interviews with seven Generation 1.5 Russian–Hebrew bilingual parents living in Finland, this paper explores their strategies for managing their children's multilingual development. The study poses two key questions: What are the language management strategies reported by the parents? What are the major challenges these parents face in maintaining heritage Russian and Hebrew languages in Finland? Thematic data analysis using ATLAS.ti software highlights the parents' persistent commitment to maintaining multilingualism within their families, focusing on preserving existing social connections and fostering new ones for the entire family. The findings reveal key aspects of parental language management, parental involvement and home environments, along with reported challenges, both personal and institutional, in maintaining Hebrew and Russian as heritage languages in Finland. This study offers a new perspective on language management strategies in multilingual families, handling a less-explored language combination. By analyzing individual language management approaches, this study reveals common strategies used to support multilingualism and balance heritage languages with those of a new environment, thereby contributing to discussions on linguistic diversity and multicultural integration in transnational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of selected aspects of family language policies (FLPs) on language proficiency across three generations of Russian-speaking families in Germany using data from a sample of 18 families. The data were collected via questionnaires and a cloze test was used to measure proficiency in Russian. Multiple regression analysis and Dunn's test were employed to analyze the influence of the selected components of FLP and assess differences in language proficiency between family members. The findings highlight a significant generational shift in language proficiency: parents exhibited the highest proficiency in Russian, followed by grandparents, with children showing the least proficiency and greater variation in their language skills. This pattern reflects the dynamics of language practices in families where older generations predominantly use Russian, whereas children display a greater inclination towards German or enhanced bilingualism. Additionally, this study underscores the positive influence of literacy skills in both Russian and German, reading in Russian, and a positive attitude towards maintaining cultural ties through reading on Russian language proficiency. Although attendance of Russian language lessons was positively correlated with the proficiency scores of children, the statistical models were only partially successful in accounting for their overall impact on proficiency, indicating that other unexplored factors may also play a significant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a multifaceted portrait of immigrants to Germany from the post-Soviet states. The article traces the paths of two families over the course almost of a third of a century after immigration, focusing on language use and integration into the new environment. In-depth interviews conducted at various stages of the integration process and age-appropriate tests served as research material. The content, text, and lexical analyses, as well as a linguistic biography method, were used. The research included four generations of Russian Germans and Jews in each family. Russophones in Germany have not had an easy time integrating but, ultimately, have a positive attitude toward their adoptive country. The results show that the German language became the primary means of communication outside the family and partly within the family where Russian dominates among the second and third generations. The oldest generation (great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers) were fluent in German to some extent; those who moved at the age of 20–40 learned it sufficiently for their jobs; their children studied in German preschools and schools and became completely bilingual; and the great-grandchildren were born in Germany. The younger generations have fully integrated into German society, although strong connections with locals exist among the older generations too. Proficiency in the Russian language is still maintained even among the great-grandchildren's generation, although not to the same extent as among the generation of young parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teaching Innovations / Inovacije u Nastavi is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)