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El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el impacto de la pandemia sobre los ingresos, en una municipalidad de Lima, aplicando una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, dentro del tipo de investigación descriptiva y comparativa. Los datos fueron recolectados usando la técnica de revisión documentaria, la misma que fue aplicada a una muestra de 28 registros contables, pertenecientes a 14 meses antes del inicio de la pandemia y 14 meses en pandemia. El estudio produjo los resultados de un impacto negativo, que en el caso del impuesto predial tuvo un valor de p=0.510; en el caso de los arbitrios, tuvo un valor de p de 0.331; y en el caso de los impuestos tuvo un valor de p de 0.510. De esta manera, se concluyó en dentro del periodo de pandemia los ingresos municipales fueron afectados, pero no de manera significativa.

Aortic dissection is infrequent and affects mainly males. We present a 44-year-old male patient with a history of arterial hypertension who presented chest pain which was alleviated spontaneously, in the guardhouse a restless patient was seen, with pain in the upper abdomen, BP 170/100, saturation 98%, FC 100x´, FR 20x´, oliguria. Complementary tests were indicated and while the patient was on guard duty, he suffered sudden death. Aortic dissection is life threatening, an immediate diagnosis is essential, although in many cases it is carried out postmortem.

This work shows a practical experience involving the following sequence of tasks on eight binary solutions of alkyl (propyl, butyl) propanoate with four alkanes (hexane to nonane): experimentation ...

Fundamento: la educación a distancia, desarrollada en las ciencias médicas en tiempos de COVID-19, constituye un modelo de aprendizaje autodirigido por el estudiante, que requiere este posea adecuados hábitos de estudio para garantizar el aprender con eficiencia. Objetivo: describir hábitos de estudio desarrollados por estudiantes de la carrera Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante la educación a distancia en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, aplicándose un cuestionario a 29 estudiantes del curso 2020-2021, de segundo año de la carrera y universidad, declarados en el objetivo. Se evaluaron las variables: motivación por la carrera, factores ambientales, planificación, eficacia en la lectura, métodos y estrategias de estudio, eficiencia en la resolución de tareas. Resultados: 25 estudiantes (86,2 %) expresan motivación por la carrera. Los factores ambientales son favorables en el 79,31 % de los casos, obligaciones familiares afectan al 13,79 %. El 89 % dedica cinco horas o menos al estudio, solo siete estudiantes (24,13 %) elaboran un horario para ello. El 44,82 % no concluye a tiempo las actividades orientadas. Los indicadores de eficacia en la lectura mostraron resultados negativos. Los métodos y estrategias más empleados fueron los resúmenes y toma de notas. La mayoría (93,10 %) refieren dificultades en la comunicación profesor-alumno para aclarar dudas. Conclusiones: los estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina poseen componentes motivacionales favorables al estudio, pero evidencian dificultades.

Objetivo: El objetivo general del presente lineamiento es proponer una normativa para realización de cateterismos programados o de emergencia en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 confirmado o sospechoso. Pregunta de salud cubierta por la Guía: ¿Cómo deben ser atendidos los pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico o sospecha de COVID-19 que requieren un cateterismo cardíaco programado o por emergencia? Población: La población objetivo es pacientes en edad pediátrica con enfermedades cardiovasculares que requieren cateterismo cardíaco programada o por emergencia y en quienes se sospecha el diagnóstico de COVID-19. Guías: se hacen recomendaciones de bioseguridad en la atención de este grupo específico de pacientes.

The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic threats. The current knowledge on the spatial distribution of the freshwater fish species is greatly deficient in this basin, preventing a comprehensive understanding of this hyper-diverse ecosystem as a whole. Filling this gap was the priority of a transnational collaborative project, i.e. the AmazonFish project - https://www.amazon-fish.com/. Relying on the outputs of this project, we provide the most complete fish species distribution records covering the whole Amazon drainage. The database, including 2,406 validated freshwater native fish species, 232,936 georeferenced records, results from an extensive survey of species distribution including 590 different sources (e.g. published articles, grey literature, online biodiversity databases and scientific collections from museums and universities worldwide) and field expeditions conducted during the project. This database, delivered at both georeferenced localities (21,500 localities) and sub-drainages grains (144 units), represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater fish biodiversity, biogeography and conservation., Measurement(s)Diversity • Fish • spatial patternTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)geographic locationSample Characteristic - OrganismfishSample Characteristic - Environmentdrainage basinSample Characteristic - LocationAmazon Basin Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11920800

The first findings and distribution of larvae of the species Diplophos proximus, family Gonostomatidae, in the Pacific of Colombia are presented. The analyzes show larvae between Bahía Málaga and Tumaco (limits with Ecuador), with low abundances during the seasons of September 2003 and 2005, July and December 2010, December 2013, February-March 2014, June 2016 and June and September 2017, always collected at stations located more than 113 km away from the coast and around Malpelo island. The larvae are elongated and have noticeable changes during development, initially oval eyes, poorly pigmented body without photophores and finally rounded eyes, dorsal pigments and photophores during transformation. The present work contributes with information about distribution and ecology of larvae of D. proximus becoming the first records of catches for the Colombian Pacific, including the description of the larval stages found.

Low drinking water intake in Mexico is considered a public health problem due to its linkage with some other negative factors related to lifestyle and eating behavior. Choosing beverages is the result of the interaction between physiological mechanisms, common knowledge and social context; including social interaction, availability, convenience, marketing, peer pressure and cultural practices. Until recently, there was limited interest on these ecological factors related to water consumption in Mexican children and adolescents. Understanding the relationships among this population habits and psychosocial or environmental factors, which shape drinking behavior, will enable the identification of specific populations at the risk of low water intake and allow to understand the problem of low drinking water consumption and the need to consider this factors while planning an strategy or policy to improve water intake among children and adolescents. In Mexico, one sixth of the population has no access to drinking water and almost 40% lack basic sanitation. These figures are worse in marginalized vulnerable urban communities where it has been suggested that only 18% of children and adolescents reach water consumption recommendations. As this population spends most of their time in schools and home, these places should been considered key places to promote water consumption as long as the availability, quality of water, sociodemographic conditions, water security, and social norms/cultural behaviors being ensured. Despite drinking water promotion has gained a global spotlight and even though numerous campaigns and policy interventions to promote water intake has been considering for creating population-wide improvements in health behavior, there is a need to innovate campaigns and widespread government public health initiatives through a novel approach which involves multicomponent environmental modification. Thus, in this paper, we provide an overview of the major environmental and psychosocial factors related to water consumption behavior that should be considered to guarantee a better impact of drinking water policies.

In this work, a methodology is established to manage and use, in a more rigorous way, the experimental information that reflects the thermodynamic–mathematical behavior of dissolutions. The management of experimental information is carried out with an application on binaries of esters and alkanes which is useful in any other case. Specifically, for this work a new real database (of several properties under different conditions) is generated for eight binaries formed by four alkanoates, with a carbon number number ≥ 4, and two alkanes C6 and C8. A sequence of operations is proposed, ranging from experimentation to simulation, with two highly relevant intermediate stages, modeling↔verification of the quality of data, whose impact on the simulation is evaluated. The experimental contribution of some properties vE, cPE, hE, gE, gives rise to two very important operations, such as the combined modeling of the properties, taking into account the thermodynamic formalism, and the verification of the vapor–liquid ...

Diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) generate high costs and are the most common cause of mortality in the Americas. In the case of Peru, given demographic and epidemiological changes, particularly the alarming increase in overweight and obesity, the burden of these diseases is constantly increasing, resulting in the need to budget more financial resources to the health services. The total care costs of these diseases and their complications represent a financial burden that should be considered very carefully by health institutions when they draft their budgets. With this aim, the Pan American Health Organization has assisted the Ministry of Health (MINSA) with a study to estimate these costs. This article graphically describes the methodology developed to estimate the direct costs of comprehensive care for DM and HT to the health services of MINSA and regional governments. Enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus (DM) y la hipertensión arterial (HTA) generan altos costos y son la causa más frecuente de mortalidad en la región de las Américas. En el caso del Perú, dados los cambios demográficos y epidemiológicos, y particularmente el aumento alarmante del sobrepeso y la obesidad, la carga de estas enfermedades tiene un crecimiento constante que implica la necesidad de asignar cada vez más recursos financieros a los servicios de salud. Los costos de la atención integral de estas enfermedades y sus complicaciones representan una carga económica que debe ser considerada por las instituciones de salud al elaborar su presupuesto. Con ese propósito, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) ha apoyado al Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) con la realización de un estudio para la estimación de estos costos. En el presente artículo se describe esquemáticamente la metodología desarrollada para la estimación de los costos directos en la atención integral de la DM e HTA en los servicios de salud del MINSA y gobiernos regionales.

El turismo rural sustentable representa una alternativa para el desarrollo económico, social y ecológico de las comunidades rurales, para lo cual es necesario desarrollar productos y servicios turísticos apropiados. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en identificar los recursos pasivos de una comunidad para el desarrollo de productos turísticos rurales sustentables. Mediante la revisión de literatura se explicaron los conceptos del turismo alternativo así como el turismo rural, idenficandose los diversos recursos pasivos con que cuenta una comunidad y que son factibles de ofertar como atractivos turísticos. Mediante esta investigación conceptual se pudieron identificar toda una serie de recursos naturales factibles de aprovechar y comercializar como productos turísticos rurales. Concluyendo que para el desarrollo de producto y servicios turísticos rurales sustentables en relación con los recursos pasivos de una comunidad, solo será posible con el trabajo coordinado de los principales actores habitantes, gobiernos, empresarios.

This work presents an experimental contribution with values of properties arising from mixing processes (enthalpies and volumes) of ternaries of octane and iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) with methyl pentanoate or methyl butanoate and methyl ethanoate, measured at 298.15 K. Values of hE and vE of the binaries of these compounds are also obtained. In all cases, the mixtures are endothermic with expansive volumetric effects. The structural interpretation of these is analyzed in relation to the two most important effects, van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions due to the presence of dipoles on the esters. A slightly different interpretation is made for the ester–ester binaries, which have less significant effects in the ternaries. Experimental data of binaries and ternaries are represented using the authors own model with excellent results. The UNIFAC model gives good representations of hE for the octane–ester systems, but values much higher than real ones for the ester–ester systems. The re...

RESUMEN Se presentan los primeros hallazgos y distribución de larvas de la especie Diplophos proximus, familia Gonostomatidae, en el Pacífico de Colombia. Los análisis muestran larvas entre bahía Málaga y Tumaco (límites con Ecuador), con abundancias bajas durante las épocas de septiembre de 2003 y 2005, julio y diciembre de 2010, diciembre de 2013, febrero-marzo de 2014, junio de 2016 y junio y septiembre de 2017; siempre colectadas en estaciones ubicadas a más de 113 km de distancia de la costa y en los alrededores de la isla de Malpelo. Las larvas son alargadas y tienen notorios cambios durante el desarrollo, inicialmente ojos ovales, cuerpo poco pigmentado y sin fotóforos y finalmente ojos redondeados, pigmentos dorsales y en transformación presentan fotóforos. El presente trabajo contribuye con información de distribución y ecología de larvas de D. proximus, convirtiéndose en los primeros registros para el Pacífico colombiano, incluida la descripción de los estadios larvales encontrados. ABSTRACT The first findings and distribution of larvae of the species Diplophos proximus, family Gonostomatidae, in the Pacific of Colombia are presented. The analyzes show larvae between Bahía Málaga and Tumaco (limits with Ecuador), with low abundances during the seasons of September 2003 and 2005, July and December 2010, December 2013, February-March 2014, June 2016 and June and September 2017, always collected at stations located more than 113 km away from the coast and around Malpelo island. The larvae are elongated and have noticeable changes during development, initially oval eyes, poorly pigmented body without photophores and finally rounded eyes, dorsal pigments and photophores during transformation. The present work contributes with information about distribution and ecology of larvae of D. proximus becoming the first records of catches for the Colombian Pacific, including the description of the larval stages found.

Thirty one C. difficile isolates recovered in 2015 were characterized. Nineteen/31 were positive for tcdA/B, among them, 4 isolates were also positive for CDT coding genes. Two/4 cdtA/B positives isolates corresponded to ST 1 resembling BI/NAP1/027/ST 1 strain, while the others corresponded to ST 226 and ST 377. Fil: Cejas, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ríos Osorio, Néstor Raúl. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina Fil: Quirós, Rodolfo. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; Argentina Fil: Sadorin, Roxana. Universidad Austral. Hospital Universitario Austral; Argentina Fil: Berger, María Alejandra. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fernández Canigia, Liliana. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Radice, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Nuestras ciudades generan cada vez mas cantidad de residuos cuya disposicion final se realiza en botaderos a cielo abierto constituyendo un problema para la salud publica, ademas los elevados volumenes suponen importantes costos de recoleccion. Pese a esto, los residuos organicos tambien son una fuente importante de compuestos bioactivos que pueden ser reutilizados debido a sus propiedades favorables, pudiendo tener un efecto benefico para la salud humana. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la tecnica del secado por aire convectivo (AC) combinado con variables de temperatura y tiempo sobre el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales para el aprovechamiento de los residuos agroindustriales del membrillo ( Cydonia oblonga L. variedad “Serrano”). Fue utilizado un Diseno Compuesto Central Rotable (DCCR) con temperatura entre 50 y 70 °C y tiempo entre 150 y 240 minutos. Se utilizo Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Resolucion (HPLC) para determinar el contenido de flavonoides totales en los ensayos. Se determino que el secado por AC produjo una reduccion del 35% aproximadamente en contenido de fenoles totales cuando se trabaja con temperaturas de 48 a 58 °C y tiempo de 140 a 220 minutos, con respecto a las muestras frescas. Mientras que, para el contenido de flavonoides totales, los analisis revelaron que las cascaras de membrillo secadas con tratamientos que combinan temperaturas entre 54 y 64 °C y tiempo entre 160 y 220 minutos, producen un aumento considerable de hasta 5 veces mas respecto a la muestra original. La tecnica de secado por aire convectivo (AC) puede ser utilizada para darle valor agregado a la recuperacion de compuestos bioactivos de residuos agroindustriales tales como las cascaras del membrillo. La explotacion de estos productos podria incrementar el valor de la agroindustria en paises tropicales y favorecer el cuidado del medio ambiente.

En la zona de Challapata, se cultivan variedades de arveja de bajos rendimientos y de ciclo largo. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el comportamiento de catorce líneas de arveja mejoradas por el CIFP en la zona de Challapata (Oruro). Las 14 líneas y la variedad local, fueron sembradas en campo en un diseño generalizado de filas y columnas con cuatro repeticiones en tres localidades tomadas al azar en la zona de Challapata (Oruro), durante el periodo agrícola octubre 2011 a abril 2012. Los resultados mostraron que en general, todas las líneas mejoradas fueron superiores en rendimiento en vaina verde a la variedad local (3.69 t.ha-1), con rendimientos que oscilan entre 6.13 y 16.58 t·ha-1, las cuales representan una superioridad entre 65.9 y 349.3%. Entre las líneas mejoradas, la Pea5_102-1, Pea5_102-6, Pea5_102-5, Pea5_102-2, Pea5_102-3 y Pea5_102-14, con rendimientos en vaina verde (13.05 y 16.58 t.ha-1), mayor longitud de vaina (8.49 a 9.25 cm), mayor número de granos por vaina (5.27 a 7.20 granos) y de ciclo intermedio (85 días a la floración), fueron las más sobresalientes. Las líneas Pea5_102-14, Pea5_102-10 (Pairumani 3) y Pea5_102-13, debido a sus características de elevado rendimiento en vaina verde, mayor longitud de vaina, mayor número de granos por vaina, mayor precocidad, mejor preferencia, amplia adaptabilidad y de acuerdo a los agricultores son las más recomendables para su cultivo en la zona de Challapata (Oruro).

espanolEn el ano 2010-2011 en el Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogeneticas de Pairumani (CIFP) en Cochabamba-Bolivia, se cruzaron ocho lineas parentales de arveja bajo el diseno dialelico Griffing IV, con el objetivo de determinar las bases geneticas que condicionan el numero de vainas por nudo, la relaciones geneticas con caracteres afines y las lineas que posean genes favorables para incrementar el numero de vainas por nudo. Las progenies F1 evaluadas de acuerdo al diseno experimental de filas y columnas incompletas con cuatro repeticiones, indican que el numero de vainas/nudo esta condicionado por efectos aditivos y de dominancia; sin embargo, los efectos aditivos fueron de mayor importancia con una heredabilidad en sentido estrecho moderado (0.49). Por otro lado, el numero de vainas/nudo esta alta y positivamente correlacionada con el numero de vainas/planta y densidad de grano, en las cuales los efectos aditivos fueron de mayor importancia y heredabilidades en sentido estrecho de 0.72 y 0.36, respectivamente. El numero de vainas/nudo esta alta y negativamente correlacionada con dias a floracion, dias a madurez en verde, largo de vaina, ancho de vaina, peso de grano, altura de planta y altura a la primera vaina, en las cuales excepto en altura de planta y altura a la primera vaina, los efectos aditivos fueron de mayor importancia, con una heredabilidad en sentido estrecho entre 0.19 y 0.81. Para desarrollar variedades con mayor numero de vainas por nudo se puede optar por desarrollar variedades con vainas a menor altura, de granos mas pequenos y con vainas mas delgadas; o variedades con mas dias a madurez en verde, de granos menos densos, pedunculo corto y vainas cortas. Las lineas M-2, calle-calle, Pairumani-1, PH-91-3 poseen genes favorables para desarrollar variedades con mayor numero de vainas por nudo y por ende mayor cantidad de vainas por planta, pero con vainas pequenas y delgadas, y de ciclo corto, ademas de mayor cantidad de granos por vaina y granos mas densos. Pairumani-3, Lincoln, Snap Pea e INIAP-433 poseen genes favorables para desarrollar variedades con menor numero de vainas por nudo, pero con vainas largas y anchas, con mayor peso de grano, mayor altura planta y con mayor altura a la primera vaina. EnglishIn the year 2010-2011 at the Pairumani Research of Phytoecogenetics Center (PFIC) in Cochabamba, Bolivia, eight parental lines were crossed pea under the diallel Griffing IV design, with the objective of determining the genetic bases that conditioned the number of pods per node, the genetic relations with associated traits and the lines that have favorable genes to increase the number of pods per node. The F1 progenies were evaluated according to incomplete rows and columns experimental design with four replications. The results shown that the number of pods per node is conditioned by additive effects and dominance; nevertheless, the additive effects were of greater importance with moderate narrow sense heritability (0.49). Additionally, the number of pods per node is highly and positively related to the number of pods per plants and grain density, for which the additive effects were of greater importance and narrow sense heritability of 0.72 and 0.36 respectively. The number of pods per node is highly and negatively related to days to flowering, days to green pod maturity, pod length, pod width, grain weight, plant height and first pod height, in which except plant height and first pod height, the additive effects were of greater importance, presenting a narrow sense heritability between 0.19 and 0.81. For developing varieties with higher number of pods per node, an option can be to developing varieties with lower height to the first pod, of smaller grains with thinner pods, or varieties with more days to green maturity, of grains with less density, short peduncule and short pods. The M-2, Calle-Calle, Pairumani-1 and PH-91-3 lines have favorable genes to developing varieties with and therefore greater amount of pods per plant, but with small and thin pods, and of short cycles, besides of greater amount of grains per pods and dense grain. The Pairumani-3, Lincolns, Snap Pea and INIAP-433 possess favorable genes for developing varieties with reduced number of pods per node, but with long and wide pods, with heavy grain, taller plants and with greater.

This paper presents the experimental measurements of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria (iso-p VLE) and excess volumes (vE) at several temperatures in the interval (288.15 to 328.15) K for six binary systems composed of two alkyl (methyl, ethyl) propanoates and three odd carbon alkanes (C5 to C9). The mixing processes were expansive, vE > 0, with (δvE/δT)p > 0, and endothermic. The installation used to measure the iso-p VLE was improved by controlling three of the variables involved in the experimentation with a PC. Experimental iso-101.32 VLE data showed a positive consistency with Fredenslund’s point-to-point method. Systems of methyl propanoate + heptane and ethyl propanoate + heptane presented azeotropes (xaz,Taz) at (0.844, 351.86) and (0.481, 366.61), respectively. Representations were obtained of pvE = φ(x,T) and hE = φ(x,T), using a model proposed previously [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2010, 49, 406], and the behavior of the binary systems studied was interpreted. An adequate extended version of the same ...

In this work, the measurements of the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.32 kPa and the excess molar volumes (vE), obtained at 10 K intervals of temperature in the range (288.15 to 328.15) K, for four binary systems comprised of methyl or ethyl butanoate with two alkanes (heptane and nonane) are presented. The vE are positive for the four mixtures, and their variation with temperature presents a thermal coefficient (∂vE/∂T)p > 0, and the behavior of these systems is interpreted. Experimental VLE data (p,T,x,y), obtained in a small capacity ebulliometer, present a positive consistency according to the method of Fredenslund. The methyl butanoate + heptane system presents a minimum boiling-temperature azeotrope with the following coordinates at the working pressure: (x1,az = 0.404; Taz = 367.65 K). Measurements of (T,pio) are also shown for all of the compounds and were determined using the same equilibrium equipment. Experimental data are correlated with an appropriate polynomial model prop...

Somatic embryogenesis in scutella of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a well documented phenomenon and it has been shown through transcriptome analysis that genes involved in antioxidant responses, particularly in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, participate in the process. Thus, we investigated the influence of post-transcriptional silencing (PTGS) of the glutathione biosynthesis genes GSH1 and GSH2 on somatic embryogenesis in wheat. We found that PTGS of either of the target genes drastically inhibits callus regeneration and overall efficiency of transformation, in a similar manner as the GSH biosynthetic inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine. Supplementing the medium with glutathione did not overcome the observed low efficiency of wheat transformation. Furthermore, of the small number of obtained transformants, none exhibited altered GSH1 and GSH2 levels of transcription. Thus, it is concluded that GSH is essential for somatic embryogenesis and, as a consequence, it is difficult to regenerate wheat plants with silenced GSH1 and GSH2 genes. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Fil: Bossio, Adrian Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Díaz Paleo, Antonio Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina Fil: del Vas, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Baroli, Irene Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Acevedo, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Rios, Raul Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina

Se presentan nuevos hallazgos y distribucion de larvas, juveniles y adultos de la familia Callionymidae en la costa del Pacifico de Colombia. Los analisis muestran a larvas y juveniles de la especie Synchiropus atrilabiatus (Garman 1899), con un ambito de distribucion muy amplio a lo largo de toda la costa entre Tumaco (limites con Ecuador) y limites con Panama, con abundancias bajas y medias, durante las epocas de septiembre-octubre de 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 y febrero-marzo de 2006 y 2014, siempre recolectados en estaciones ubicadas a mas de 54 km de distancia de la costa. Mientras los adultos solo fueron recolectados en Bahia Cupica en 1995 y Arusi en 2005 asociados a la pesca de camaron de aguas profundas entre 67 y 700 m de profundidad.

Recently opened in October 2015 for the World Bank and International Monetary Fund meeting, the Lima Convention Centre (LCC) is a major milestone in South American construction. The building presents a great architectural and structural singularity, and was designed and completed in just one and a half years.LCC has a rectangular shape in plan, with dimensions of 100 x 60 meters, and a total height of around 45 metres above ground. The building required several column-free large spaces, to meet the demands of its use (large meeting rooms and exhibition areas, with the main one located at an upper level and occupying almost the entire floorplate) and its architectural intention, including a large opening that houses an open-air terrace hall. The structure has therefore to accommodate spans of more than 40 metres. In addition, being located in a highly seismic area, the building is subject to significant horizontal forces.The main seismic resistant structure is formed by a very rigid structural macro-system, composed of four big concrete cores and a large steel truss that goes all around the main meeting hall at the upper level. The steel trusses are rigidly connected to the concrete cores, strategically placed close to the corners, creating a system of huge rigid frames in both directions, which provides horizontal stability. This macro-system is complemented by a set of smaller rigid frames located at every level, which contributes to distribute and control horizontal stresses and displacements.The structure combines prefabricated concrete elements below ground and a composite steel- concrete structure above ground, and despite its apparent irregularity and its large openings and extensive spans, responds efficiently to structural and seismic requirements, while enhancing its architectural intentions.

The use of transgenic plants as vectors for the expression of viral and bacterial antigens has been increasingly tested as an alternative methodology for the production of experimental vaccines. Here, we report the production of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the genes encoding the polyprotein P1 and the protease 3C of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The immunogenicity of the expressed products was tested using a mouse experimental model. Parenterally immunized mice developed a strong antibody response and were completely protected when challenged with the virulent virus. This report demonstrates the possibility of using transgenic plants to express polyprotein P1 and the protease 3C of FMDV and their utilization as effective experimental immunogens.

The objectives of this work were to isolate regenerative genotypes from the alfalfa Canadian cultivar ‘Rambler’ to perform the genetic analysis of somatic embryogenesis in this species and to introgress regeneration favourable alleles into Argentinean alfalfa elite germplasm. For regeneration inheritance studies, greenhouse established plants from a cross between a ‘Rambler’ derived regenerative clone and a non-regenerative Argentinean clone as well as self-pollinated progenies of these clones were analyzed. The results showed that somatic embryogenesis is under the control of two complementary genes. The introgression of somatic embryogenesis favourable alleles was performed using two populations derived from crosses between regenerative clones, obtained in the first step of this work, and non-regenerative clones of Argentinean alfalfa elite populations. Twenty-seven plants obtained through this process showed somatic embryogenesis ability. Two of them, designated as INTA R1 and INTA R2, exhibited a high regeneration capacity as well as high regeneration multiplicity. Our results demonstrate that ‘Rambler’ derived somatic embryogenesis favourable alleles are successfully expressed in Argentinean elite alfalfa genetic background rendering it suitable for tissue culture-based breeding methodologies.

The objectives of this study were to optimize RAPD and AFLP techniques in B. catharticus, and to determine the genetic variability of populations and commercial prairie grass cultivars with the aforementioned molecular markers. Two populations with contrasting morphological characteristics were evaluated from individual and bulked DNA samples using RAPD markers. Both analyses showed a similar information about inter population variability. Each accession was sampled by a single leaf bulk of 10 plants. Accession similarities were established with 276 RAPD and 714 AFLP bands using Jaccard similarity coefficient. The dendrogram of the accessions using RAPD markers showed that they shared high similarity values (>94%). A similar result was obtained with AFLP markers (similarity values >98%), revealing a narrow genetic basis in the analyzed accessions. Consequently, molecular characterization of germplasm should be considered in addition to morphological criteria, to choose the parental genotypes for breeding programs of this forage crop. The AFLP technique was more efficient to detect DNA polymorphism in our experiments and unique fingerprints were detected for all the accessions. RAPD is a simple and non expensive technique, suitable to estimate genetic similarity.

Three cultivars of wheat showing different levels of spontaneous karyotypic instability were studied regarding their stability in vitro for a number of characters, i.e. chromosome structure, gliadin pattern, glume and grain colour, awn type, chlorophyll pigmentation and plant morphology. The progenies of somaclones derived from immature embryos of both aneuploid and euploid plants were used in this study along with foundation seeds and a large number of their sexual progeny in order to discriminate between pre-existent variability and any novel variation induced by the in vitro culture. Only one translocation not described before and a new gliadin pattern were detected which could be ascribed to the effects of tissue culture, suggesting that this technique is not effective for inducing novel variation for breeding purposes in wheat.

WildPhaseolus vulgaris is distributed between northern Mexico and northern Argentina. Analysis of phaseolin and molecular markers (isozymes, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms or RFLPs) indicate that this gene pool consists of two major groups, Mesoamerican and Andean, and a third intermediate group found in northwestern South America. Previous to this study, only four accessions of wildP. vulgaris beans from Bolivia had been collected and their genetic relationship with other wild beans from Latin America was not known. Due to the problem of intense erosion in some areas of Bolivia, it was our objective to survey and documentPhaseolus spp. in this area before their extinction. We conducted a collection expedition in May 1994 in the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Tarija. This resulted in collections of four populations ofP. augusti, two of cultivatedP. lunatus and two mixtures of cultivatedP. vulgaris. The first mixture was made of “k’opurus” or beans consumed after toasting, and represented an addition of 17 accessions to the Bolivian collection. The second mixture was made of “porotos” and resulted in the addition of 10 new accessions. Seven germplasm collections of wildP. vulgaris were found, which allowed us to increase the number of known populations of wild common bean for Bolivia. Another accession was found as a wild-weed-crop complex. Seven of these wildP. vulgaris accessions along with another accession from Bolivia collected previously, and a number of P. vulgaris accessions from Mexico (17), Guatemala (3), Colombia (10), Ecuador (6), Peru (17) and Argentina (16) were analyzed with RAPDs. The use of 14 random primers and one SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) resulted in 90 bands, of which 83 were polymorphic. This data was used to construct a dendrogram which shows clear separation into three clusters, corresponding to each of the gene pools and an intermediate group. The Bolivian wild P. vulgaris beans grouped with the accessions of southern Peru and Argentina into the Andean gene pool. RAPD analysis of genetic diversity correlated well with genetic diversity obtained with other markers. Moreover, the ease of analysis allowed us to obtain a large number of bands which was conducive to greater sensitivity and identification of geographic subgroups and accessions of hybrid origin.

Certain species of the Pooideae subfamily develop stress tolerance and herbivory resistance through symbiosis with vertically transmitted, asexual fungi. This symbiosis is specific, and genetic factors modulate the compatibility between partners. Although gene flow is clearly a fitness trait in allogamous grasses, because it injects hybrid vigor and raw material for evolution, it could reduce compatibility and thus mutualism effectiveness. To explore the importance of host genetic background in modulating the performance of symbiosis, Lolium multiflorum plants, infected and noninfected with Neotyphodium occultans, were crossed with genetically distant plants of isolines (susceptible and resistant to diclofop-methyl herbicide) bred from two cultivars and exposed to stress. The endophyte improved seedling survival in genotypes susceptible to herbicide, while it had a negative effect on one of the genetically resistant crosses. Mutualism provided resistance to herbivory independently of the host genotype, but this effect vanished under stress. While no endophyte effect was observed on host reproductive success, it was increased by interpopulation plant crosses. Neither gene flow nor herbicide had an important impact on endophyte transmission. Host fitness improvements attributable to gene flow do not appear to result in direct conflict with mutualism while this seems to be an important mechanism for the ecological and contemporary evolution of the symbiotum. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Fil: Gundel, Pedro Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. MTT Agrifood Research; Finlandia Fil: Ghersa, Claudio Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Omacini, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina Fil: Cuyeu, Romina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Pagano, Elba Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Ríos, Raúl. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Genética; Argentina Fil: Ghersa, Claudio Marco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina

So lüporta Xilopagurus cancellaríus por segundo vez para ia costa Pacífica de Colombia. So presentan notas sobro las adaptaciones morfológicas y hábitos de esta especie, asi como de- su color en vida y figuras de ella.

Se presenta una lista anotada de las 213 especies de cangrejos braquiuros conocidos hasta ahora de ta Costa Pacifica de Colombia. Esta lista es ul primer intento para recopilar toda la información de los cangrejos de esta costa. Se incluye un breve análisis sobre las afinidades zoo- geográficas de la fauna de cangrejos braquiuros del Pacifico do Colombia

In the title compound, [Pd(C(5)H(4)NS)(C(18)H(14)PS)(C(18)H(15)P)], the Pd(II) atom has a slightly distorted square-planar environment. Two coordination sites are occupied by a P,S-chelating 2-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)benzene-thiol-ate ligand and the other two by a P atom from a triphenyl-phosphine ligand and an S atom from a pyridine-2-thiol-ate ligand, exhibiting a trans arrangement of the two P-donor atoms. In the crystal structure, weak intra- and inter-molecular C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions are observed. The pyridyl ring is equally disordered over two positions.

Collection of Bromus catharticus Vahl was carried out in the Argentine humid and sub-humid central area. Sixty-eight natural populations are conserved for medium and long term in Pergamino Germplasm Bank and in IRB Germplasm Bank, and ten morphological and agronomic traits were evaluated in the field during two years. There was variability for the traits considered among the accessions. Those populations from the subhumid area showed differences in valuable attributes for breeding. Exploration of marginal areas for this species might be an effective way to add variability to this collection. Coletas de Bromus catharticus Vahl foram conduzidas nas areas úmidas e sub-úmidas centrais da Argentina. Sessenta e oito populações naturais foram mantidas por médio e longo períodos nos bancos de germoplasma Pergamino e IRB, e dez características morfológicas agronômicas foram avaliadas em campo durante dois anos. Foi observada variabilidade para as características entre os acessos. As populações da região sub-úmida mostraram diferenças para características importantes para o melhoramento. A exploração de áreas marginais para esta espécie pode ser um modo efetivo de adicionar variabilidade para esta coleção de germoplasma.

Vaccines produced in transgenic plants constitute a promising alternative to conventional immunogens, presenting the possibility of stimulating secretory and systemic immunity against enteric pathogens when administered orally. Protection against enteric pathogens affecting newborn animals requires, in most cases, the stimulation of lactogenic immunity. Here, the group presents the development of an experimental immunogen based on expression of an immunorelevant peptide, eBRV4, of the VP4 protein of bovine rotavirus (BRV), which has been described as harbouring at least one neutralizing epitope as well as being responsible for the adsorption of the virus to epithelial cells. The eBRV4 epitope was efficiently expressed in transgenic alfalfa as a translational fusion protein with the highly stable reporter enzyme β-glucuronidase (βGUS), which served as a carrier, stabilized the synthesized peptide and facilitated screening for the higher expression levels in plants. Correlation of expression of the eBRV4 epitope in plants with those presenting the highest βGUS activities was confirmed by a Western blot assay specific for the BRV peptide. The eBRV4 epitope expressed in plants was effective in inducing an anti-rotavirus antibody response in adult female mice when administered either intraperitoneally or orally and, more importantly, suckling mice born from immunized female mice were protected against oral challenge with virulent rotavirus. These results demonstrate the feasibility of inducing lactogenic immunity against an enteric pathogen using an edible vaccine produced in transgenic plants.

The expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used as an alternative to the classical methodologies for antigen expression in the development of experimental vaccines. However, an important limitation in most cases is the low concentration of the recombinant antigens in the plant tissues, which reduces the possibilities of practical applications. Because the site of insertion of the transferred DNA into the cellular chromosomal DNA is at random, different levels of foreign protein expression in independent transformants is expected. Strategies to allow the evaluation of a high number of the transgenic individuals, usually an expensive and very time consuming process, would permit the selection of those plants presenting the highest levels of recombinant protein expression. Here, we present the development of an experimental immunogen based in the expression of a highly immunogenic epitope from foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) fused to the glucuronidase (gus A) reporter gene, which allows selection of the transgenic plants by the ß-glucuronidase (ßGUS) enzymatic activity. We produced transgenic plants of alfalfa expressing the immunogenic site between amino acid residues 135–160 of structural protein VP1 (VP135–160), fused to the ßGUS protein. Plants expressing the highest levels of the immunogenic epitope VP135–160, analyzed by Western blot, were efficiently selected based on their levels of ßGUS enzymatic activity. The FMDV epitope expressed in plants was highly immunogenic in mice which developed, after immunization, a strong anti-FMDV antibody response against a synthetic peptide representing the region VP135–160, to native virus VP1, and to purified FMDV particles. Additionally, these mice were completely protected against experimental challenge with the virulent virus. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report of a peptide-based vaccine produced in transgenic plants that induces a protective immune response when used in experimental hosts. Also, these results demonstrated the possibility of using a novel and simple methodology for obtaining transgenic plants expressing high levels of foreign immunogenic epitopes, which could be directly applied in the development of plant-based vaccines. Fil: Dus Santos, María José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Wigdorovitz, Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Trono, Karina Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ríos, Raúl D.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Franzone, Pascual M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Gil, Felix. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal; España Fil: Moreno, Javier Edgardo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Carrillo, Consuelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Escribano, José M.. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal; España Fil: Borca, Manuel V.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina