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The presented paper deals with selected areas of relations (trade, necropolis, religion and sanctuaries, language) between Etruria and Umbria in the Upper Tiber Valley. Etruria and Umbria shared similar cultural foundations, thanks to the influences that crossed the partially permeable borders in the north-eastern Umbro-Etruscan administrative area. The Tiber river itself represented more than just the borderline of the territory. It also formed one of the crucial networks and trade routes between cultures in the region. The reciprocal exchange was primarily based on trade contacts. The social transformation of Umbrian society was a consequence of growing connections with other cultures, especially with the Etruscans, Sabines, and Picentes. According to M. Torelli and M. Micozzi, the acceleration of social and cultural dynamics set in motion by these relations was a fundamental element in the ethnogenesis of Umbrian culture (Torelli 2010; Micozzi 2017, 925). Although the absorption of the border within the Roman administrative apparatus annulled its formal aspects, it did not eliminate it. The borderline was restored in the early Middle Ages, and in certain forms and places, it persists to this day.