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The present study investigated the need for intervention and application of the case management process in medical social services projects of the Punjab province, Pakistan. The study attained information from Medical Social Officers (MSOs) about the effectiveness of the case management process at Medical Social Services Projects (MSSPs) of Punjab. Medical Social Officers are not to distribute Zakat and Bait-Ul-Maal funds only; but to deal with the case of the individual client in a medical setting to achieve early recovery along with psycho-social rehabilitation and readjustment of the patient, in the family and society which can best be dealt by the application of case management process, a specialized approach of Social Work profession that involves coordinated efforts of multi-disciplinary team members in a medical setting.

Aim: To find clinical efficacy of oral administration of finasteride at a dose of 2.5mg/day in women with female pattern hair loss. Study design: Descriptive cases series Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology, Unit II, Mayo Hospital Lahore from 01-10-2019 to 31-03-2020. Methodology: A total of 137 cases were taken. Trichoscopy was performed at enrollment and after 5 months. At the standardized resolution of each image, ratio of terminal to vellus hair measured at two sites of the scalp. Clinical efficacy was determined as per operational definition at 5th month of treatment. Results: Patients ranged between 40-70 years of age with mean age of 49.5±6.9 years. Pre-menopause women were 99 (72.3%) while post-menopause were 38(27.7%). Mean duration of FPHL was observed 4.4±1.3 months. Out of 137 cases, 92 women (67.2%) belonged to Ludwig scale-I and remaining 45 women (32.8%) belonged to Ludwig scale-II. Clinical efficacy of finasteride 2.5mg/day was found in 85 women (62%). Stratification for age, duration of FPHL, menopause status, and baseline Ludwig scale was also carried out. Four to six months duration of FPHL, premenopausal women and lower Ludwig scale showed significant effect of finasteride (p

Aim: To determine the frequency of influencing factors for the use of skin whitening creams. Study design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology, D.H.Q Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad from 7th August 2018 to 6th February 2019. Methodology: A total of 420 patients presenting with complaints of acne, excessive hair growth, permanent redness, skin sensitivity, irritation and dark complexion after the use of skin whitening creams of age 15-50 years were included. Patients with diabetes mellitus, asthma, hypertension and tuberculosis, pregnancy and PCOS were excluded. The demographic data, socioeconomic status, education level and the major influencing factors for the use of commercially available skin whitening creams were inquired. Results: In this study, I have found the frequency of influencing factors for the use of skin whitening creams were as follows; television commercials in 108 (25.71%), print media/magazine in 61 (14.52%), friends in 131 (31.19%), spouse in 48 (11.43%), beauticians in 42 (10.0%) and self-desire in 30 (7.14%) patients. Conclusion: This study has shown that the friends and television commercials are main influencing factors for the use of skin whitening creams. Keywords: Skin whitening creams, Factors, Television commercials.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of Narrowband Ultraviolet B therapy for management of patients presenting with hand vitiligo. Study design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration of study: Department of Dermatology Unit-II, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 15-03-2018 to 5-09-2018. Methodology: This descriptive case series study was done at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 15-03-2021 to 05-09-2018. A total of 355 patients were included in this study from 16-60 years of age either gender. Results: The mean age was 37.79±12.66 years from 16 to 60 years. There were 176(49.6%) male and 179(50.4%) female cases. According to operational definition, 25(70.4%) cases achieved efficacy of treatment. Conclusion: It is concluded that efficacy of Narrowband Ultraviolet B therapy for the management of patients presenting with hand vitiligo is 70.4%. So, using this treatment method we can improve patient quality of life and can reduce the psychological squeal. Keywords: Vitiligo, Phototherapy, Treatment, Targeted Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy, Efficacy.

Histopathological effects of Diazinon (DZ) were studied on adrenal gland in virgin young female mice divided into five groups (10 animals each): (1) Control (untreated); (2) and (3) 9 and 18 mg kg−1 single exposure groups (given distilled water on day 1 and 2 and DZ on day 3); (4) and (5) 9 and 18 mg kg−1 multiple exposure groups (given respective DZ doses on days 1–3). All doses were applied by gavage. Animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation on day 6. Adrenals were removed surgically for histological and micrometric assessments of medulla and cortex. Histological examination of adrenal medulla revealed apoptotic changes and granular depletion in chromaffin cells while cortex gave impression of increased thickness of Zona Fasciculata following multiple DZ exposures. Mean cell sizes in cortical and medullary regions showed dose and exposure dependent significant decline. In conclusion, DZ exposure caused granular depletion in chromaffin cells indicating a rapid release of adrenaline and increased f...