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27 results on '"Rachen, Jörg Paul"'

1. Towards real-time identification of cosmic rays with LOw-Frequency ARray radio antennas

Author

Bonardi Antonio, Buitink Stijn, Corstanje Arthur, Enriquez J. Emilio, Falcke Heino, Hörandel Jörg R., Mitra Pragati, Mulrey Katie, Nelles Anna, Rachen Jörg Paul, Rossetto Laura, Schellart Pim, Scholten Olaf, Thoudam Satyendra, Trinh Gia, ter Veen Sander, and Winchen Tobias

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Cosmic rays entering the Earth’s atmosphere produce Extensive Air Showers, which emit a radio signal through Geo-magnetic radiation and Askaryan emission. At the present time, one of the biggest challenges for assessing the Radio detection as a valuable technique for Cosmic-ray observation is to identify in real-time the very short (less than 100 ns) radio signals over the background noise. In this work, we present the latest updates on the real-time identification of radio signals from Extensive Air Showers by using the data from LOFAR Low Band Antenna stations, which are sensitive in the 30-80 MHz region.

Published
2017
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2. The influence of the atmospheric refractive index on radio Xmax measurements of air showers

Author

Corstanje Arthur, Buitink Stijn, Bonardi Antonio, Falcke Heino, Hörandel Jörg R., Mitra Pragati, Mulrey Katie, Nelles Anna, Rachen Jörg Paul, Rossetto Laura, Schellart Pim, Scholten Olaf, Thoudam Satyendra, Trinh Gia, ter Veen Sander, and Winchen Tobias

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The refractive index of the atmosphere, which is n ≈ 1:0003 at sea level, varies with altitude and with local temperature, pressure and humidity. When performing radio measurements of air showers, natural variations in n will change the radio lateral intensity distribution, by changing the Cherenkov angle. Using CoREAS simulations, we have evaluated the systematic error on measurements of the shower maximum Xmax due to variations in n. It was found that a 10% increase in refractivity (n – 1) leads to an underestimation of Xmax between 8 and 22 g/cm2 for proton-induced showers at zenith angles from 15 to 45 degrees, respectively.

Published
2017
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3. TEC, Trigger and Check, preparing LOFAR for Lunar observations

Author

ter Veen Sander, Mevius Maaijke, Bonardi Antonio, Buitink Stijn, Corstanje Arthur, Enriquez J. Emilio, Falcke Heino, Hörandel Jörg R., Mitra Pragati, Mulrey Katey, Nelles Anna, Rachen Jörg Paul, Rossetto Laura, Schellart Pim, Scholten Olaf, Thoudam Satyendra, Trinh Gia, and Winchen Tobias

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

One of the main ways to use radio to detect Ultra High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic Rays is the Lunar Askaryan technique, that uses the Moon as a target and searches for nanosecond pulses with large radio telescopes. To use low frequency aperture arrays, such as LOFAR and the SKA, pose new challenges and possibilities in detection techniques of short radio pulses and to measure the Total Electron Content (TEC). As a prepatory work, we have used other measurements that use similar techniques, or that can answer a specific question, with the LOFAR radio telescope. This contribution reports on our work on triggering on short radio signals, post-event imaging of radio signals from buffered data and methods to determine the TEC-value.

Published
2017
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4. Cosmic Ray Mass Measurements with LOFAR

Author

Buitink Stijn, Bonardi Antonio, Corstanje Arthur, Enriquez J. Emilio, Falcke Heino, Hörandel Jörg R., Mitra Pragati, Mulrey Katie, Nelles Anna, Rachen Jörg Paul, Rossetto Laura, Schellart Pim, Scholten Olaf, Thoudam Satyendra, Trinh Gia, ter Veen Sander, and Winchen Tobias

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In the dense core of LOFAR individual air showers are detected by hundreds of dipole antennas simultaneously. We reconstruct Xmax by using a hybrid technique that combines a two-dimensional fit of the radio profile to CoREAS simulations and a one-dimensional fit of the particle density distribution. For high-quality detections, the statistical uncertainty on Xmax is smaller than 20 g/cm2. We present results of cosmic-ray mass analysis in the energy regime of 1017 - 1017.5 eV. This range is of particular interest as it may harbor the transition from a Galactic to an extragalactic origin of cosmic rays.

Published
2017
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5. Towards an improved mass composition analysis with LOFAR

Author

Corstanje, Arthur, Mulrey, Katharine, Buitink, Stijn, Winchen, Tobias, Hörandel, Jörg, Huege, Tim, Krampah, Godwin Komla, Mitra, Pragati, Pandya, Hershal, Rachen, Jörg Paul, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The LOFAR radio telescope measures air showers in the energy range 1017 to 1018 eV. For each measured shower, the depth of shower maximum Xmax is reconstructed by simulating the radio signal for an ensemble of showers using Corsika and CoREAS. Fitting their radio ‘footprints’ on the ground to the measured radio data yields an Xmax estimate to a precision of about 20 g/cm2 . Compared to previous works, we have improved the method in several ways. Local atmospheric data and refractive index profiles are now included into the simulations. The energy estimate and the fitting procedure are now done using the radio signals only, thus limiting systematic uncertainties due to the particle detector array (LORA). Using selection criteria from a more elaborate characterisation of the radio and particle detection, we reduce a composition bias in the Xmax reconstruction. A possible residual bias has been bounded from above. Thus, the systematic uncertainties on hXmaxi have been lowered, reducing an important limiting factor for composition studies at any level of statistics.

Published
2019

6. The energy scale of cosmic rays detected with LOFAR

Author

Mulrey, Katharine, Buitink, Stijn, Winchen, Tobias, Corstanje, Arthur, Hörandel, Jörg, Huege, Tim, Krampah, Godwin Komla, Mitra, Pragati, Pandya, Hershal, Rachen, Jörg Paul, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) measures radio emission from extensive air showers. Precise knowledge of the electric field at each antenna in the 30 − 80 MHz range is obtained using a newly developed, frequency-dependent calibration built on knowledge of the Galactic emission and a detailed model of the signal chain. The energy fluence for each event is then determined, allowing for the calculation of the radiation energy of the air shower. The radiation energy, corrected for geometrical effects, scales quadratically with the energy contained in the electromagnetic component of the air shower. These measurements, combined with predictions that rely only on first-principle electrodynamics, provide an energy estimate for the primary particle. In this contribution we present the radio-based energy scale of cosmic rays detected with LOFAR, and compare it to particle-based energy measurements made using the scintillator array located at the LOFAR core.

Published
2019

7. Reconstructing air showers with LOFAR using event specific GDAS atmospheres

Author

Mitra, Pragati, Mulrey, Katharine, Buitink, Stijn, Winchen, Tobias, Corstanje, Arthur, Hörandel, Jörg, Huege, Tim, Krampah, Godwin Komla, Pandya, Hershal, Rachen, Jörg Paul, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Abstract

Estimating the depth of shower maximum Xmax with high precision is of great interest for the study of primary particle composition. One of the systematic uncertainties in reconstructing Xmax from the radio emission of air showers is the limited knowledge of the atmospheric parameters like humidity, pressure, temperature and the index-of refraction. Using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), a global atmospheric model, we have implemented time-dependent realistic atmospheric profiles in the air shower simulation codes CORSIKA and the radio plug-in CoREAS. This program is now available within CORSIKA and flexible to be adapted for different air shower experiments. We have analyzed the LOFAR cosmic ray data with dedicated simulations for each detected air shower with event specific GDAS atmospheres and investigated the effects of pressure and humidity on the reconstructed Xmax. This study shows that for bulk of the events, where the ground pressure is close to US standard atmosphere values, there is a small systematic shift in Xmax that is less than 2 g/cm2 and for very low pressure values the shift is up to 15 g/cm2 .

Published
2019

8. Extension of the LOFAR Radboud Air Shower Array

Author

Mulrey, Katharine, Buitink, Stijn, Winchen, Tobias, Corstanje, Arthur, Hörandel, Jörg, Huege, Tim, Krampah, Godwin Komla, Mitra, Pragati, Pandya, Hershal, Rachen, Jörg Paul, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The detection of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube has opened a new window for the observation of our universe. The use of antennas for detecting astroparticles has been proven useful and accurate after many years of radio cosmic-ray detections, and will be a valuable asset for increasing the statistics for the detection of neutrinos < 10PeV and reaching out to the highest energies. The radio technique requires realistic and precise simulations of the electric field created after the neutrino interacts with the detector volume, how it propagates through media, and what measurable signal it produces in the detector. With the goal of providing accurate, fast simulations of neutrino-induced electric fields, we have created the NuRadioMC code. It builds on the experience of software used for current radio neutrino and cosmic ray experiments.

Published
2019

11. The circular polarization in radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Scholten, Olaf, primary, Trinh, Gia, additional, Bonardi, Antonio, additional, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hare, Brian M., additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Mitra, Pragati, additional, Mulrey, Katharine, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Winchen, Tobias, additional

Published
2017
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12. Cosmic ray mass composition with LOFAR

Author

Buitink, Stijn, primary, Bonardi, A., additional, Corstanje, A., additional, Falcke, H., additional, Hare, B.M., additional, Hörandel, J.R., additional, Mitra, P., additional, Mulrey, K., additional, Nelles, A., additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, L., additional, Schellart, P., additional, Scholten, O., additional, ter Veen, S., additional, Thoudam, S., additional, Trinh, T.N.G., additional, and Winchen, T., additional

Published
2017
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13. Characterisation of the radio frequency spectrum emitted by high energy air showers with LOFAR

Author

Rossetto, Laura, primary, Bonardi, Antonio, additional, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hare, Brian M., additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Mitra, Pragati, additional, Mulrey, Katharine, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Olid Gonzalez, Alejandro, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, Trinh, Thi Ngoc Gia, additional, and Winchen, Tobias, additional

Published
2017
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14. Study of the LOFAR radio self-trigger and single-station acquisition mode

Author

Bonardi, Antonio, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hare, Brian M., additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Mitra, Pragati, additional, Mulrey, Katharine, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rosetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, Trinh, Thi Ngoc Gia, additional, and Winchen, Tobias, additional

Published
2017
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15. The influence of the atmospheric refractive index on radioXmaxmeasurements of air showers

Author

Corstanje, Arthur, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Bonardi, Antonio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Mitra, Pragati, additional, Mulrey, Katie, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, Trinh, Gia, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, and Winchen, Tobias, additional

Published
2017
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16. Measuring the cosmic ray mass composition with LOFAR

Author

Buitink, Stijn, primary, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Huege, Tim, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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17. Polarization and radio wavefront of air showers as measured with LOFAR

Author

Corstanje, Arthur, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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19. Xmax reconstruction based on radio detection of air showers

Author

Buitink, Stijn, primary, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Huege, Tim, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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20. The cosmic-ray energy spectrum above $\sim 10^{16}$ eV measured with the LOFAR Radboud Air Shower Array

Author

Thoudam, Satyendra, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Trinh, Gia, additional, and Kessel, Luc van, additional

Published
2016
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21. Calibration of the LOFAR antennas

Author

Hörandel, Jörg R., primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Karskens, Tijs, additional, Krause, Maria, additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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22. Probing atmospheric electric fields in thunderstorms through radio emission from extensive air showers

Author

Trinh, Gia, primary, Schellart, Pim, additional, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, van den Berg, A.M., additional, Ebert, U., additional, and Rutjes, C., additional

Published
2016
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23. NuMoon: Status of ultra high energy particle searches with LOFAR

Author

ter Veen, Sander, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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24. A lateral distribution function for the radio emission of air showers

Author

Nelles, Anna, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Rossetto, Laura, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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25. A study of radio frequency spectrum emitted by high energy air showers with LOFAR

Author

Rossetto, Laura, primary, Buitink, Stijn, additional, Corstanje, Arthur, additional, Enriquez, Emilio, additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Hörandel, Jörg R., additional, Nelles, Anna, additional, Rachen, Jörg Paul, additional, Schellart, Pim, additional, Scholten, Olaf, additional, ter Veen, Sander, additional, Thoudam, Satyendra, additional, and Trinh, Gia, additional

Published
2016
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26. The influence of the atmospheric refractive index on radio Xmax measurements of air showers.

Author

Corstanje, Arthur, Buitink, Stijn, Bonardi, Antonio, Falcke, Heino, Hörandel, Jörg R., Mitra, Pragati, Mulrey, Katie, Nelles, Anna, Rachen, Jörg Paul, Rossetto, Laura, Schellart, Pim, Scholten, Olaf, Thoudam, Satyendra, Trinh, Gia, ter Veen, Sander, and Winchen, Tobias

Subjects
REFRACTIVE index, TEMPERATURE, ATMOSPHERIC pressure, CHERENKOV radiation, RADIO frequency
Abstract

The refractive index of the atmosphere, which is n ∼ 1:0003 at sea level, varies with altitude and with local temperature, pressure and humidity. When performing radio measurements of air showers, natural variations in n will change the radio lateral intensity distribution, by changing the Cherenkov angle. Using CoREAS simulations, we have evaluated the systematic error on measurements of the shower maximum Xmax due to variations in n. It was found that a 10% increase in refractivity (n - 1) leads to an underestimation of Xmax between 8 and 22 g/cm2 for proton-induced showers at zenith angles from 15 to 45 degrees, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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27. Interaction Processes and Statistical Properties of the Propagation of Cosmic Rays in Photon Backgrounds

Author

Rachen, Jörg Paul, Biermann, Peter L., Stanev, Todor, Fahr, Hans-Jörg, and Gaisser, Tom

Subjects
Astronomy, Cosmic Rays
Abstract

Preface 2019 (Instead of an Abstract) On this day, 23 years ago, I received my PhD in astronomy based on this thesis. By a time when the term ‘astroparticle physics’ didn’t even exist, the purpose of this work was to lay down the fundamentals of the propagation of very- and ultra-high energy cosmic rays in photon environments as they are found in extragalactic space (e.g., the cosmic microwave background), but also in the vicinity of potential sources of such cosmic rays. It contains a (by this time) state-of-the-art treatment of photohadronic and photonuclear interactions, plus an attempt to find a simplified description of the stochastic processes governing the propagation of each individual cosmic ray. The idea behind this was to extend the simple continuous differential-equation approach common at these times to a continuous description of moments describing probability distributions, essentially an approximate solution to the Boltzmann-equation governing cosmic ray transport. From today's perspective, I think it is fair to say that my thesis work never reached its main goal, (a) because the intended mathematical description has never been developed to a stage that it became usable, and (b) because the rapid development in computer power has rendered any mathematical approximation to stochastic processes obsolete – nowadays, as anything else, cosmic ray transport is treated in Monte-Carlo simulations. In that respect, immersion into statistics had essentially auto-didactic value, or, as Neil Armstrong didn’t say 50 years ago: a big leap for me, a small step for mankind. For the latter, a much bigger step this thesis had contributed to was that its detailed results on the interaction physics of cosmic ray protons and nuclei have strongly influenced and partly even triggered the development of todays leading Monte-Carlo codes for cosmic-ray interactions and propagation, i.e., SOPHIA [Mücke et al., CoPhC 124 p.290, 2000] and, based on this, CRPropa [Alves Batista et al., JCAP 05 (2016) 038, and references therein]. The reason for making it now, 23 years after its original small-batch publication, part of the Zenodo “Astronomy Thesis Collection” is (i) to honor the special meaning of the number 23 [Rachen & Gahlings, arXiv:1303.7476], (ii) because I feel that it had enough impact on science to belong there, and (iii) because it still contains some interesting approximate treatments of problems where Monte-Carlo methods haven’t gone yet, like photodisintegration of cosmic ray nuclei during Fermi-acceleration in a non-thermal photon-background. I therefore hope that, opened now to a wider audience, it may still catch the interest of the one or other working in astroparticle physics, and if it is only to check out how things were done in the old times. Jörg Rachen, on September 11, 2019

Published
1996
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