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Byline: Deepak. Menon, Sruthi. Nair, Neelima. Radhakrishnan, Udit. Saraf, Muralidharan. Nair Objectives: Clinical spectrum of mitochondrial myopathy extends beyond chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). While information on encephalomyopathies is abundant, [...]

Byline: Ritu. Menon, Asha. Arjunan, Anitha. Mathews, Jiji. Valsalamony, Neelima. Radhakrishnan Atypical choroid plexus papilloma is classified as WHO (World Health Organization) Grade II subtype of choroid plexus tumor, and [...]

Byline: Deepti. Narasimhaiah, Sapna. Sreedharan, A. Anoop, Neelima. Radhakrishnan, Rajalakshmi. Poyuran Sir, Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease of autoimmune origin characterized by autoantibodies to various components of the [...]

Byline: Kamble. Harsha, Sujit. Jagtap, Tirur. Kapilamoorthy, Chandrasekharan. Kesavadas, Bejoy. Thomas, Neelima. Radhakrishnan Background: Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is an uncommon disease, which is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge [...]

Byline: C. Gopalakrishnan, Adesh. Shrivastava, Suresh. Nair, Neelima. Radhakrishnan Gangliogliomas are well differentiated, usually low grade, neuroepithelial tumors that comprise of neoplastic ganglion cells in combination with neoplastic glial cells. [...]

Byline: Sajith. Sukumaran, E. Jayadevan, Alok. Mandilya, Sapna. Sreedharan, S. Harikrishnan, Neelima. Radhakrishnan, P. Sylaja Sir, The safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke due to infective endocarditis [...]

Sphere formation is an indicator of tumor aggressiveness independent of the tumor grade; however, its relation to progression‐free survival (PFS) is less known. This study was designed to assess the neurosphere forming ability among low grade glioma (LGG) and high‐grade glioma (HGG), its stem cell marker expression, and correlation to PFS. Tumor samples of 140 patients, including (LGG; n = 67) and (HGG; n = 73) were analyzed. We used sphere forming assay, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to characterize the tumors. Our study shows that, irrespective of the pathological sub type, both LGG and HGG formed neurospheres in vitro under conventional sphere forming conditions. However, the number of neurospheres formed from tumor tissues were significantly higher in HGG compared to LGG (P < 0.0001). Different grades of glioma were further characterized for the expression of stem cell marker proteins and lineage markers. When neurospheres were analyzed, CD133 positive cells were identified in addition to CD15 and nestin positive cells in both LGG and HGG. When these neurospheres were subjected to differentiation, cells positive for GFAP and β‐tubulin III were observed. Expression of stem cell markers and β‐tubulin III were prominent in HGG compared to LGG, whereas GFAP expression was higher in LGG than in HGG. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that neurosphere forming ability was significantly associated with shorter PFS (P < 0.05) in both LGG and HGG. Our results supports earlier studies that neurosphere formation may serve as a definitive indicator of stem cell population within the tumor and thus a better predictor of PFS than the tumor grades alone. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):244–253, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a heterogeneous neurocutaneous syndrome with facial and leptomeningeal angiomas, glaucoma, seizures, stroke-like episodes, and mental retardation. The authors critically evaluated the clinical manifestations, outcome, and natural history in 30 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome followed up from January 1985 to May 2010. Of the patients, 15 were males, age at diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 43 years. Typical port-wine stain nevus occurred in 26 (86%), it was bilateral in 2 (8%), and it was absent in 4 (4%). Nine patients had glaucoma (30%), 3 required surgery. Four had transient hemiparesis. All patients had seizures; they were well controlled in 22 (73.3%); in 8 they remained drug resistant. Three patients underwent surgery and became seizure-free. Of the 17 who had mental subnormality, 14 (82.4%) had seizure onset before 2 years. An early age at seizure onset and those with drug-resistant seizures had more severe degree of mental subnormality. Uncontrolled seizures, mental subnormality, visual handicap, and cosmetic disfiguration were the major impediments in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a recently recognized and extremely rare glioneuronal tumor occurring in the fourth ventricle. It is crucial for the cytopathologist to be aware of this entity as it can be easily mistaken for more common neoplasms occurring at this site. We present here the cytology of such a rare case of RGNT that was misdiagnosed as ependymoma. The varying cytological features of this entity, as well as the common diagnostic diffi culties encountered in cytology, are highlighted in this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most lethal tumors of the urologic system and has high metastatic potential. The usual sites of metastasis are lung, bone, liver adrenal, lymph node, and brain. Thumb and oral cavity metastasis are unusual sites of metastasis. This case report describes two cases reported with unusual thumb and oral cavity metastasis. Patients with acral and oral metastasis are often misdiagnosed as benign inflammatory disease and treatment initiation is often delayed. This case report helps in drawing the attention that such lesions can be metastatic also., (Copyright © 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.)