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2,369 results on '"Radi, P. P."'

1. On the limits of informationally efficient stock markets: New insights from a chartist-fundamentalist model

Author

Gardini, Laura, Radi, Davide, Schmitt, Noemi, Sushko, Iryna, and Westerhoff, Frank

Subjects
Economics - Theoretical Economics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

We utilize a chartist-fundamentalist model to examine the limits of informationally efficient stock markets. In our model, chartists are permanently active in the stock market, while fundamentalists trade only when their mispricing-dependent trading signals are strong. Our findings indicate the possible coexistence of two distinct regimes. Depending on the initial conditions, the stock market may exhibit either constant or oscillatory mispricing. Constant mispricing occurs when chartists remain the sole active speculators, causing the stock price to converge toward a nonfundamental value. Conversely, the stock price oscillates around its fundamental value when fundamentalists repeatedly enter and exit the market. Exogenous shocks result in intricate regime-switching dynamics.

Published
2024

2. The green transition of firms: The role of evolutionary competition, adjustment costs, transition risk, and green technology progress

Author

Radi, Davide and Westerhoff, Frank

Subjects
Economics - Theoretical Economics
Abstract

We propose an evolutionary competition model to investigate the green transition of firms, highlighting the role of adjustment costs, dynamically adjusted transition risk, and green technology progress in this process. Firms base their decisions to adopt either green or brown technologies on relative performance. To incorporate the costs of switching to another technology into their decision-making process, we generalize the classical exponential replicator dynamics. Our global analysis reveals that increasing transition risk, e.g., by threatening to impose stricter environmental regulations, effectively incentivizes the green transition. Economic policy recommendations derived from our model further suggest maintaining high transition risk regardless of the industry's level of greenness. Subsidizing the costs of adopting green technologies can reduce the risk of a failed green transition. While advances in green technologies can amplify the effects of green policies, they do not completely eliminate the possibility of a failed green transition. Finally, evolutionary pressures favor the green transition when green technologies are profitable.

Published
2024

3. Stiff and Deformable Quasicrystalline Architected Materials

Author

Rosa, Matheus I. N., Karapiperis, Konstantinos, Radi, Kaoutar, and Kochmann, Dennis M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Architected materials achieve unique mechanical properties through precisely engineered microstructures that minimize material usage. However, a key challenge of low-density materials is balancing high stiffness with stable deformability up to large strains. Current microstructures, which employ slender elements such as thin beams and plates arranged in periodic patterns to optimize stiffness, are largely prone to instabilities, including buckling and brittle collapse at low strains. This challenge is here addressed by introducing a new class of aperiodic architected materials inspired by quasicrystalline lattices. Beam networks derived from canonical quasicrystalline patterns, such as the Penrose tiling in 2D and icosahedral quasicrystals in 3D, are shown to create stiff, stretching-dominated topologies with non-uniform force chain distributions, effectively mitigating the global instabilities observed in periodic designs. Numerical and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of these designs in combining stiffness and stable deformability at large strains, representing a significant advancement in the development of low-density metamaterials for applications requiring high impact resistance and energy absorption. Our results demonstrate the potential of deterministic quasi-periodic topologies to bridge the gap between periodic and random structures, while branching towards uncharted territory in the property space of architected materials.

Published
2024

4. Torsion elements in branch pro-$p$ groups

Author

Fariña-Asategui, Jorge and Radi, Santiago

Subjects
Mathematics - Group Theory
Abstract

We show that the set of torsion elements of a topological group admitting a branch pro-$p$ quotient has Haar measure zero., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2024

5. Blind Image Deblurring with FFT-ReLU Sparsity Prior

Author

Radi, Abdul Mohaimen Al, Majumder, Prothito Shovon, and Khan, Md. Mosaddek

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Blind image deblurring is the process of recovering a sharp image from a blurred one without prior knowledge about the blur kernel. It is a small data problem, since the key challenge lies in estimating the unknown degrees of blur from a single image or limited data, instead of learning from large datasets. The solution depends heavily on developing algorithms that effectively model the image degradation process. We introduce a method that leverages a prior which targets the blur kernel to achieve effective deblurring across a wide range of image types. In our extensive empirical analysis, our algorithm achieves results that are competitive with the state-of-the-art blind image deblurring algorithms, and it offers up to two times faster inference, making it a highly efficient solution., Comment: The first two authors have equal contributions to this work. The paper has 10 pages

Published
2024

6. Video Anomaly Detection in 10 Years: A Survey and Outlook

Author

Abdalla, Moshira, Javed, Sajid, Radi, Muaz Al, Ulhaq, Anwaar, and Werghi, Naoufel

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Video anomaly detection (VAD) holds immense importance across diverse domains such as surveillance, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. While numerous surveys focus on conventional VAD methods, they often lack depth in exploring specific approaches and emerging trends. This survey explores deep learning-based VAD, expanding beyond traditional supervised training paradigms to encompass emerging weakly supervised, self-supervised, and unsupervised approaches. A prominent feature of this review is the investigation of core challenges within the VAD paradigms including large-scale datasets, features extraction, learning methods, loss functions, regularization, and anomaly score prediction. Moreover, this review also investigates the vision language models (VLMs) as potent feature extractors for VAD. VLMs integrate visual data with textual descriptions or spoken language from videos, enabling a nuanced understanding of scenes crucial for anomaly detection. By addressing these challenges and proposing future research directions, this review aims to foster the development of robust and efficient VAD systems leveraging the capabilities of VLMs for enhanced anomaly detection in complex real-world scenarios. This comprehensive analysis seeks to bridge existing knowledge gaps, provide researchers with valuable insights, and contribute to shaping the future of VAD research.

Published
2024

7. Differentiable nuclear deexcitation simulation for low energy neutrino physics

Author

Alzás, Pablo Barham and Radev, Radi

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Neutrino-nucleus interactions play an important role in present and future neutrino experiments. The accurate simulation of these interactions at low energies ($<$100 MeV) is crucial for the detection and study of supernova, solar and atmospheric neutrinos. In particular, the reconstruction of the incoming neutrino properties depends on the ability to measure the products from the deexcitation of the final state nucleus after the initial neutrino-nucleus scattering reaction. A realistic nuclear deexcitation model that can correctly manage the theoretical uncertainties in the process is key to determine the response of a detector to low energy neutrinos and estimate the overall systematic uncertainties that affect it. Automatic differentiation frameworks like PyTorch or JAX, widely used in the field of Machine Learning, provide us the tools to compute exact gradients of the simulation outputs with respect to the model parameters. Such differentiable simulators can be applied in simulator tuning to match observed data and forward modeling to efficiently infer the impact of parameter distributions to the physics output, or for parameter inference acting as a likelihood estimator. This paradigm can pave the way to a fully differentiable analysis of the whole simulation chain or direct integration with preexisting Machine Learning tools. As a proof of concept, in this work we implement a fully differentiable nuclear deexcitation simulation based on a simplified version of the Hauser-Feshbach statistical emission model., Comment: This contribution was presented as a Talk/Poster at NuPhys2023

Published
2024

8. Predicting Species Occurrence Patterns from Partial Observations

Author

Abdelwahed, Hager Radi, Teng, Mélisande, and Rolnick, David

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

To address the interlinked biodiversity and climate crises, we need an understanding of where species occur and how these patterns are changing. However, observational data on most species remains very limited, and the amount of data available varies greatly between taxonomic groups. We introduce the problem of predicting species occurrence patterns given (a) satellite imagery, and (b) known information on the occurrence of other species. To evaluate algorithms on this task, we introduce SatButterfly, a dataset of satellite images, environmental data and observational data for butterflies, which is designed to pair with the existing SatBird dataset of bird observational data. To address this task, we propose a general model, R-Tran, for predicting species occurrence patterns that enables the use of partial observational data wherever found. We find that R-Tran outperforms other methods in predicting species encounter rates with partial information both within a taxon (birds) and across taxa (birds and butterflies). Our approach opens new perspectives to leveraging insights from species with abundant data to other species with scarce data, by modelling the ecosystems in which they co-occur., Comment: Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning workshop at ICLR 2024

Published
2024

9. Iron Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Enantioselective Electro-Organic Carboxylation of Styrenes with CO2 Using Graphene Oxide Modified with PyrCO-cyclo@Fe in the Presence of Deep Eutectic Electrolyte and Solvent

Author

Zen, Amer Alhaj, Jabir, Majid S., Alaridhee, Zaman Abdalhussein Ibadi, Jameel, Rafid Kamal, Mahdi, Morug Salih, Mansoor, Aseel Salah, Radi, Usama Kadem, Idan, Ameer Hassan, Bahair, Hala, Berdimurodov, Elyor, Majdi, Hasan, and Almehizia, Abdulrahman A.

Published
2024
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16. Research and development of time resolution and time reference adjustment for CMS improved resistive plate chambers (iRPCs)

Author

Song, J., Zhao, J., Hou, Q., Diao, W., Cao, P., Kou, H., Gong, W., Wang, N., Liu, Z.-A., Samalan, A., Tytgat, M., Alves, G. A., Marujo, F., Coelho, E. A., Da Costa, E. M., Nogima, H., Santoro, A., Fonseca De Souza, S., De Jesus Damiao, D., Thiel, M., Mota Amarilo, K., Barroso Ferreira Filho, M., Aleksandrov, A., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Shopova, M., Soultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Shumka, E., Qian, S. J., Avila, C., Barbosa, D., Cabrera, A., Florez, A., Fraga, J., Reyes, J., Assran, Y., Mahmoud, M. A., Crotty, I., Aly, R., Laktineh, I., Grenier, G., Gouzevitch, M., Mirabito, L., Balleyguier, L., Combaret, C., Tromeur, W., Galbit, G., Luciol, A., Chen, X., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, I., Tsamlaidze, Z., Kemularia, O., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Mohammad Najafabadi, M., Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Iaselli, G., Pugliese, G., Loddo, F., De Filippis, N., Ramos, D., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Piccolo, D., Meola, S., Buontempo, S., Carnevali, F., Lista, L., Paolucci, P., Braghieri, A., Salvini, P., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Vitulo, P., Asilar, E., Choi, J., Kim, T. J., Choi, S. Y., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Lee, Y., Estrada, C. Uribe, Pedraza, I., Castilla-Valdez, H., Sanchez-Hernandez, A., Fernandez, R. L., Ramirez-Garcia, M., Vazquez, E., Shah, M. A., Zaganidis, N., Radi, A., Hoorani, H., Muhammad, S., Ahmad, A., Asghar, I., Eysermans, J., and Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F.

Published
2024
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28. Ambiguity aversion as a route to randomness in a duopoly game

Author

Radi, Davide and Gardini, Laura

Subjects
Economics - Theoretical Economics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract

The global dynamics is investigated for a duopoly game where the perfect foresight hypothesis is relaxed and firms are worst-case maximizers. Overlooking the degree of product substitutability as well as the sensitivity of price to quantity, the unique and globally stable Cournot-Nash equilibrium of the complete-information duopoly game, loses stability when firms are not aware if they are playing a duopoly game, as it is, or an oligopoly game with more than two competitors. This finding resembles Theocharis' condition for the stability of the Cournot-Nash equilibrium in oligopolies without uncertainty. As opposed to complete-information oligopoly games, coexisting attractors, disconnected basins of attractions and chaotic dynamics emerge when the Cournot-Nash equilibrium loses stability. This difference in the global dynamics is due to the nonlinearities introduced by the worst-case approach to uncertainty, which mirror in bimodal best-reply functions. Conducted with techniques that require a symmetric setting of the game, the investigation of the dynamics reveals that a chaotic regime prevents firms from being ambiguity averse, that is, firms are worst-case maximizers only in the quantity-expectation space. Therefore, chaotic dynamics are the result and at the same time the source of profit uncertainty.

Published
2023

29. SatBird: Bird Species Distribution Modeling with Remote Sensing and Citizen Science Data

Author

Teng, Mélisande, Elmustafa, Amna, Akera, Benjamin, Bengio, Yoshua, Abdelwahed, Hager Radi, Larochelle, Hugo, and Rolnick, David

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, impacting ecosystem services necessary to ensure food, water, and human health and well-being. Understanding the distribution of species and their habitats is crucial for conservation policy planning. However, traditional methods in ecology for species distribution models (SDMs) generally focus either on narrow sets of species or narrow geographical areas and there remain significant knowledge gaps about the distribution of species. A major reason for this is the limited availability of data traditionally used, due to the prohibitive amount of effort and expertise required for traditional field monitoring. The wide availability of remote sensing data and the growing adoption of citizen science tools to collect species observations data at low cost offer an opportunity for improving biodiversity monitoring and enabling the modelling of complex ecosystems. We introduce a novel task for mapping bird species to their habitats by predicting species encounter rates from satellite images, and present SatBird, a satellite dataset of locations in the USA with labels derived from presence-absence observation data from the citizen science database eBird, considering summer (breeding) and winter seasons. We also provide a dataset in Kenya representing low-data regimes. We additionally provide environmental data and species range maps for each location. We benchmark a set of baselines on our dataset, including SOTA models for remote sensing tasks. SatBird opens up possibilities for scalably modelling properties of ecosystems worldwide., Comment: 37th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023) Track on Datasets and Benchmarks

Published
2023

30. Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in pps=13TeV-collisions at pps=13TeV pps=13TeV

Author

Tytgat, M., Muhammad, A., De Lentdecker, G., Jaramillo, J., Moureaux, L., Pétré, L., Yang, Y., Rendón, C., Gokbulut, G., Hong, Y., Samalan, A., Alves, G. A., Marujo da Silva, F., Alves Coelho, E., Barroso Ferreira Filho, M., Da Costa, E. M., De Jesus Damiao, D., Ferreira, B. C., Fonseca De Souza, S., Mota Amarilo, K., Nogima, H., Santoro, A., Thiel, M., Aleksandrov, A., Dimitrov, L., Hadjiiska, R., Iaydjiev, P., Misheva, M., Mitev, G., Ratchev, L., Rashevski, G., Shopova, M., Sultanov, G., Dimitrov, A., Litov, L., Pavlov, B., Petkov, P., Petrov, A., Shumka, E., Keshri, S., Thakur, S., Chen, M., Dong, X., Gong, W., Hou, Q., Jiang, C., Kou, H., Liu, Z.-A., Luo, W., Song, J., Sun, L., Wang, N., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., Agapitos, A., Ban, Y., Levin, A., Li, Q., Qian, S. J., Wang, D., Wang, K., You, Z., Avila, C., Barbosa Trujillo, D. A., Cabrera, A., Florez, C. A., Fraga, J., Reyes Vega, J. A., Ramirez, F., Rodriguez, M., Ruiz, J. D., Vanegas, N., Abdalla, H., Abdelalim, A. A., Assran, Y., Radi, A., Crotty, I., Mahmoud, M. A., Balleyguier, L., Chen, X., Combaret, C., Galbit, G., Gouzevitch, M., Grenier, G., Laktineh, I. B., Luciol, A., Mirabito, L., Tromeur, W., Bagaturia, I., Lomidze, I., Kemularia, O., Tsamalaidze, Z., Böttger, U., Eliseev, D., Hebbeker, T., Hoepfner, K., Merschmeyer, M., Ivone, F., Mukherjee, S., Nowotny, F., Philipps, B., Reithler, H., Sharma, A., Torres Da Silva De Araujo, F., Wiedenbeck, S., Zaleski, S., Zantis, F. P., Abbas, M., Mallows, S., Bencze, G., Beni, N., Molnar, J., Szillasi, Z., Teyssier, D., Ujvari, B., Zilizi, G., Babbar, J., Bansal, S., Bhatnagar, V., Chauhan, S., Kaur, A., Kaur, H., Kaur Sahota, A., Kumar, S., Sheokand, T., Singh, J., Choudhary, B. C., Kumar, A., Kumar Saini, M., Naimuddin, M., Majumdar, N., Mukhopadhyay, S., Rout, P., Amoozegar, V., Boghrati, B., Ebraimi, M., Mohammadi Najafabadi, M., Zareian, E., Abbrescia, M., Aly, R., Buonsante, M., Colaleo, A., De Filippis, N., Dell’Olio, D., De Robertis, G., Elmetenawee, W., Ferrara, N., Franco, M., Iaselli, G., Lacalamita, N., Licciulli, F., Loddo, F., Maggi, M., Martiradonna, S., Nuzzo, S., Longo, L., Pellecchia, A., Pugliese, G., Radogna, R., Ramos, D., Ranieri, A., Simone, F. M., Stamerra, A., Troiano, D., Venditti, R., Verwilligen, P., Zaza, A., Abbiendi, G., Baldanza, C., Battilana, C., Benvenuti, A., Borgonovi, L., Cafaro, V., Cavallo, F. R., Crupano, A., Cuffiani, M., Dallavalle, G. M., Fabbri, F., Fanfani, A., Fasanella, D., Giacomelli, P., Giordano, V., Guandalini, C., Guiducci, L., Lo Meo, S., Lunerti, L., Marcellini, S., Masetti, G., Navarria, F. L., Paggi, G., Perrotta, A., Primavera, F., Rossi, A. M., Rovelli, T., Torromeo, G., Benussi, L., Bianco, S., Campagnola, R., Caponero, M., Colafranceschi, S., Meola, S., Passamonti, L., Piccolo, D., Pierluigi, D., Raffone, G., Russo, A., Saviano, G., Buontempo, S., Cagnotta, A., Carnevali, F., Cassese, F., Cavallo, N., De Iorio, A., Fabozzi, F., Iorio, A. O. M., Lista, L., Paolucci, P., Passeggio, G., Rossi, B., Barcellan, L., Bellato, M., Benettoni, M., Bergnoli, A., Bragagnolo, A., Carlin, R., Castellani, L., Checchia, P., Ciano, L., Colombo, A., Corti, D., Gasparini, F., Gasparini, U., Gonella, F., Gozzelino, A., Griggio, A., Grosso, G., Gulmini, M., Isocrate, R., Lusiani, E., Maron, G., Margoni, M., Meneguzzo, A. T., Migliorini, M., Modenese, L., Montecassiano, F., Negrello, M., Passaseo, M., Pazzini, J., Ramina, L., Rampazzo, M., Rebeschini, M., Ronchese, P., Rossin, R., Simonetto, F., Toffano, M., Toniolo, N., Triossi, A., Ventura, S., Zanetti, M., Zatti, P. G., Zotto, P., Zucchetta, A., AbuZeid, S., Aimè, C., Braghieri, A., Calzaferri, S., Fiorina, D., Gigli, S., Montagna, P., Riccardi, C., Salvini, P., Vai, I., Vitulo, P., Amapane, N., Cotto, G., Dattola, D., De Remigis, P., Kiani, B., Mariotti, C., Maselli, S., Pelliccioni , M., Rotondo, F., Staiano, A., Trocino, D., Umoret, G., Asilar, E., Kim, T. J., Merlin, J. A., Choi, S., Hong, B., Lee, K. S., Goh, J., Choi, J., Kim, J., Yang, U., Yoon, I., Jang, W., Heo, J., Kang, D., Kang, Y., Kim, D., Kim, S., Ko, B., Lee, J. S. H., Park, I. C., Watson, I. J., Yang, S., Jeong, Y., Lee, Y., Yu, I., Alasfour, G., Beyrouthy, T., Gharbia, Y., Maghrbi, Y., Otkur, M., Castilla-Valdez, H., Crotte Ledesma, H., Lopez-Fernandez, R., Sánchez Hernández, A., Ramírez García, M., Vazquez, E., Shah, M. A., Zaganidis, N., Pedraza, I., Uribe Estrada, C., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, W., Asghar, M. I., Hoorani, H. R., Muhammad, S., Wajid, A., Alcaraz Maestre, J., Álvarez Fernández, A., Fernandez Bedoya, Cristina F., Blanco Ramos, L. C., Calvo, E., Carrillo Montoya, C. A., Cela Ruiz, J. M., Cepeda, M., Cerrada, M., Colino, N., Cuadrado Calzada, S., Cuchillo Ortega, J., De La Cruz, B., de Lara Rodríguez, C. I., Fernández Del Val, D., Fernández Ramos, J. P., Fouz, M. C., Francia Ferrero, D., García Romero, J., Gonzalez Lopez, O., Goy Lopez, S., Josa, M. I., León Holgado, J., Manzanilla Carretero, O., Martín Martín, I., Martínez Morales, J. J., Martín Viscasillas, E., Moran, D., Navarro Tobar, Á., Paz Herrera, R., Puras Sánchez, J. C., Puerta Pelayo, J., Pulido Ferrero, S., Redondo, I., Redondo Ferrero, D. D., Salto Parra, V., Sánchez Navas, S., Sastre, J., Urda Gómez, L., Vazquez Escobar, J., de Trocóniz, J. F., Frias Garcia-Lago, F., Reyes-Almanza, R., Alvarez Gonzalez, B., Cuevas, J., Fernandez Menendez, J., Folgueras, S., Gonzalez Caballero, I., Leguina López, P., Palencia Cortezon, E., Ramón Álvarez, C., Prado Pico, J., Rodríguez Bouza, V., Soto Rodríguez, A., Trapote, A., Villalba, C. Vico, Kailasapathy, B., Malagalage, K., Sonnadara, D. U. J., Wickramarathna, D. D. C., Dharmaratna, W. G. D., Liyanage, K., Perera, N., Wickramage, N., Aspell, P., Bianco, M., Bozzato, D., Brachet, S., Conde Garcia, A., Dabrowski, A., De Oliveira, R., Fallavollita, F., Kicsiny, P., Sharma, A., Hazen, E., May, S., Peck, A., Salyer, K., Suarez, I., Abbott, S., Bonilla, J., Breedon, R., Cai, H., Cox, P. T., Erbacher, R., Kukral, O., McLean, C., Mocellin, G., Mulhearn, M., Regnery, B., Tripathi, M., Waegel, G., Yao, Y., Carlson, J., Cousins, R., Dasgupta, A., Datta, A., Hauser, J., Ignatenko, M., Iqbal, M. A., Lo, C., Saltzberg, D., Schnaible, C., Valuev, V., Clare, R., Gordon, M., Hanson, G., Amin, N., Bradmiller-Feld, J., Campagnari, C., Danielson, T., Dishaw, A., Dorsett, A., Kim, J., Marsh, B., Mei, H., Oshiro, M., Richman, J., Setti, F., Sevilla, M. F., Siddireddy, P., Wang, S., Aruta, C., Barashko, V., Cherepanov, V., Dittrich, M., Korytov, A., Kuznetsova, E., Madorsky, A., Mitselmakher, G., Muthirakalayil Madhu, A., Rawal, N., Terentyev, N., Wang, J., Alsufyani, B., Butalla, S., Elkafrawy, T., Hohlmann, M., Yanes, E., Eysermans, J., Barberis, E., Haddad, Y., Han, Y., Madigan, G., Morse, D. M., Nguyen, V., Wood, D., Bhattacharya, S., Bueghly, J., Chen, Z., Hahn, K. A., Liu, Y., Miao, Y., Monk, D. G., Schmitt, M. H., Taliercio, A., Velasco, M., Bylsma, B., Carrigan, M., De Los Santos, R., Durkin, L. S., Hill, C., Banicz, K., Liu, J., Matveev, M., Padley, B. P., Aebi, D., Ahmad, M., Akhter, T., Bolshov, A., Bouhali, O., Eusebi, R., Gilmore, J., Huang, T., Juska, E., Kamon, T., Kim, H., Kizlov, M., Malhotra, S., Mueller, R., Rabadan, R., Rathjens, D., Safonov, A., Karchin, P. E., Aravind, A., Black, K., De Bruyn, I., Everaerts, P., Galloni, C., Herndon, M., Lanaro, A., Loveless, R., Madhusudanan Sreekala, J., Mondal, S., Teague, D., Vetens, W., Warden, A., Azhgirey, I., Borshch, V., Chtchipunov, L., Egorov, A., Gavrilov, G., Golovtcov, V., Ivanov, M., Ivantchenko, V., Ivanov, Y., Karjavine, V., Khodinov, A., Kim, V., Kurochkin, I. A., Levchenko, P., Murzin, V., Nasybulin, S., Oreshkin, V., Palichik, V., Perelygin, V., Riabchikova, A., Sosnov, D., Sulimov, V., Uvarov, L., Vavilov, S., and Vorobyev, A.

Published
2024
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31. A systematic review on mediators and moderators of job insecurity–health relation before and after COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Morteza Charkhabi, Naghi Radi Afsouran, Laura K. Johnson, and Frédéric Dutheil

Subjects
Job insecurity, Health outcomes, Mediators, Moderators, Systematic review, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Purpose – Job insecurity is one of the most hazardous work stressors in the twenty-first century, placing employees between employment and unemployment may threaten employees’ health in the workplaces. Using a systematic review, the first aim of this study is to list the mediators and moderators of the link between job insecurity and health-related outcomes, and second, to explain and discuss the mechanisms that could explain the mediating and moderating effects. Design/methodology/approach – We searched four databases (Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link and Google Scholar) from 2008 to 2018 to detect these mediators and moderators. Also, as the study was conducted during COVID-19 pandemic, we particularly searched and reported the same associations over this period (2019–2022). Findings – The results of the review suggest that job insecurity negatively influences a wide range of both health- and safety-related outcomes in the workplace. The results also showed that the most studied mediator and moderator of the job insecurity-health link over the past 10 years has been workload and employability. During COVID-19, the number of studies on mediators were more than moderators and coping strategies appeared to gain more research attention. Additionally, this review suggests that, to explain the mediation and moderation effects, a combination of cognitive appraisal theory and the conservation of resources theory can be used. Originality/value – Although this review suggests that job insecurity detrimentally influences employee health, the severity of this impact on health-related outcomes may vary by the effects of various moderators.

Published
2024
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32. Isolation, characterization, and assessment of Bacillus rugosus potential as a new probiotic for aquaculture applications

Author

Nermeen M. Shokrak, Nabilah Khairi, Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong, Radi A. Mohamed, and Bahaa Abdella

Subjects
Probiotic, Bacillus rugosus, Tilapia, Sustainability, Aqua feed, Gut health, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Aquaculture is an important component of the world food supply and a significant source of protein. However, this industry faces numerous problems. Including poor fish feed digestion and uneconomic nutrient utilization. This can result in unsatisfactory growth rates and poor stock performance. Utilizing probiotics, which are beneficial microbes that can enhance digestive systems and general fish health, is one possible way to address these issues. This study was designed to identify and evaluate a novel strain of Bacillus as a promising probiotic. The strain of Bacillus rugosus that was examined and coded NM007 showed promising probiotic characteristics that could help fish digest and utilize their feed more efficiently, reduce feed waste, and improve their digestive systems. B. rugosus NM007 exhibited the ability to produce digestive enzymes like protease, amylase, and lipase, which are the main digestive enzymes. It showed strong auto-aggregation activity and co-aggregation activity with Aeromonas sp. and Streptococcus sp. It also demonstrated tolerance to the presence of bile salt, acidic pH, and salinity up to 60 ppt. The sensitivity analysis towards antibiotics, hemolytic activity and the safety assessment on Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) confirmed the safety of this isolate. Based on the findings of this investigation and the isolate’s characterization, Bacillus rugosus NM007 could serve as a new promising probiotic bacterium for aquaculture.

Published
2024
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33. Calculations of the principal neutronic characteristics of a hypothetical VVER assembly with minor actinides incorporated into PuO2-ThO2 fuel in a duplex configuration

Author

Achraf Radi, Ouadie Kabach, and El Mahjoub Chakir

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The VVER-1200/AES-2006 is recognized as a leading Gen III+ nuclear reactor design, meeting stringent international safety standards. This study evaluates the use of a novel PuO2-ThO2 duplex fuel, incorporating weapon-grade plutonium (WgPu) and thorium, for a hypothetical VVER-1200 assembly. The research also explores incorporating minor actinides (MAs) for transmutation, comparing two methods: MAs coated on WgPuO2 and MAs mixed with WgPuO2 as integral fuel burnable absorber rods. Neutronic properties of these fuels are compared to those of LEU-fueled assemblies. The results show a 135% higher burnup for the duplex fuel compared to LEU, with extended criticality, reduced reactivity swings, and lower Pu-239 concentrations upon discharge. While Np-237 and Am-241 concentrations decrease, Am-243, Cm-244, and Cm-245 increase, but overall radiotoxic waste is reduced. Enhanced safety coefficients are also observed, within acceptable LWR ranges.

Published
2024
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34. The home-based breathing and chest mobility exercise improves cardiorespiratory functional capacity in long COVID with cardiovascular comorbidities: a randomized study

Author

Bambang Dwiputra, Ade Meidian Ambari, Kevin Triangto, Kelvin Supriami, Tri Widyanti Kesuma, Naufal Zuhdi, Jason Phowira, and Basuni Radi

Subjects
Long COVID, Home-based breathing exercise, Home-based chest mobility, Cardiorespiratory functional capacity, Cardiovascular comorbidities, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Background Beyond the acute phase, a considerable proportion of patients recovering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience long-term sequelae that profoundly impact their quality of life, particularly their physical fitness. This study aims to assess the effect of home-based breathing and chest mobility exercise on the cardiorespiratory functional capacity of long COVID with cardiovascular comorbidity. Methods In this randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial, 46 long COVID with cardiovascular comorbidities were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. The intervention group (n = 23) received additional home-based breathing and chest mobility exercise 3x/week for 12 weeks supervised by attending physicians, whereas the control group only received a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Baseline and post-intervention assessments consisted of laboratory (D-Dimer and CRP levels) and functional capacity, assessed through 6-minute walking test (6-MWT), exercise stress test’s metabolic equivalents (METS), and predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), peak cough flow (PCF), chest expansion, and EuroQoL’s quality of life. Intention to treat analysis was performed. Results At the 12th week, intervention subjects had significantly greater functional capacity with higher mean PEFR (p = .031) and PCF (p = .016). Similarly, 6-MWT was higher in the group receiving home-based breathing and chest mobility training (p = .032). The bottom part of the chest circumference was statistically different between the two groups (p = .01). METS and predicted VO2 peak were also higher in the intervention group. However, laboratory parameters and quality of life did not differ markedly (p > .05). Conclusions Home-based respiratory and chest mobility exercise could be an adjunct to cardiac rehabilitation in long COVID with cardiovascular comorbidities for improving cardiorespiratory functional capacity. Trial registration The study protocol was registered at http://ClinicalTrial.gov.id NCT05077943 (14/10/2021).

Published
2024
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35. Passive fit and time efficiency for prefabricated versus conventionally constructed cobalt chromium CAD\CAM 3-unit implant supported frameworks in free end saddle models: a pilot invitro study

Author

Mohamed El-Sayed Kamel, AlHassan Alaa Eldin Alsayed, Mohamed Amr ElKhashab, Nancy Nader, and Iman AbdelWahab Radi

Subjects
Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Background The passive fit of 3-unit implant supported prefabricated metal screw-retained prosthesis before implant placement might be difficult. Hence, we aim to evaluate the passive fit and time efficiency of CAD/CAM 3-unit implant supported fixed prostheses that were constructed based on virtual versus those based on actual implant positions in Kennedy Class I models. Methods A sample of 5 Kennedy class I models with thin wiry ridges were restored by 20 frameworks bilaterally, 10 based on actual (group A) and 10 based on virtual (group V) implant positions. The models were imaged using cone beam computed tomography and scanned using an intraoral scanner. The STL (Standard Tessellation Language files) and the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files were registered on a 3D planning software. A CAD/CAM surgical guide was planned, resin printed and used for installing 6 implants bilaterally. In group V, the framework was designed based on the virtual scan bodies and virtual multi-unit abutments, while in group A intra-oral scanning of the model after attaching the scan bodies was necessary. Frameworks of both groups were milled and tested for passive fit using 8 clinical tests. McNemar and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to study the effect of the group on passive fit and time efficiency, respectively. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results No statistically significant difference was found between group V and group A frameworks regarding passive fit (p-value = 1, OR = 0.5) and time efficiency (P = 0.179, Effect size = 0.948). Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that in free end saddle cases, prefabricated CAD\CAM 3-unit implant-supported cobalt chromium screw retained prostheses can achieve an adequate passive fit. However, their fit might be negatively affected in thin ridges and they might require some adjustments.

Published
2024
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36. Soft and hard tissue evaluation for vestibular socket therapy of immediately placed implants in infected and non-infected sockets: a 1-year prospective cohort study

Author

Abdelsalam Elaskary, Abdelrahman Thabet, Mai Hussin, and Iman Abd-ElWahab Radi

Subjects
Vestibular socket therapy, Immediate placement, Soft tissue level, Bone graft, Type II sockets, Guided bone regeneration, Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Abstract Background Immediate implant placement using vestibular socket therapy (VST) proved to offer a successful treatment option in compromised sockets. However, the presence of active signs infection complicates immediate implants in sockets with defective labial plates, due to the possible contamination of the implant or the bone graft with existing infected tissues or oral environment via the fistula. This study, therefore, aims to explore the success of immediate implant placement using VST in managing infected compromised sockets. Methods We included 26 age- and sex-matched patients with 41 implants sites. Thirteen patients had 19 infected (group I) and 13 had 21 non-infected type 2 sockets (group N). Both groups were treated using vestibular socket therapy (VST) and a 6-day protocol. Implant survival, changes in facial bone thickness, and mid, mesial, and distal mucosal levels were evaluated 1 year after implant placement. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare both groups. Furthermore, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to study changes with time within each group. The statistical significance level was set at P

Published
2024
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37. Variation in the Branching Pattern of the Coronary Artery: A Systematic Review on Anatomical Branching Variation

Author

Deepali Vidhale, Sanket Hiware, Shabina Anjum, Arafat Ahmad, Sujatha Bangalore Bayer, Shilpa Rooplal Hardaha, Yousuf Begum, Essam Elbadawy Ismail, Mohammed Taher Ali, and Radi Ail Mohammed Al Saffar

Subjects
anatomy, branchial pattern, coronary artery, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The coronary arteries, being the major vascular channels, are known to affect the complete circulatory system and hemodynamics of the body. However, as a matter of fact, the coronary arteries are known to have many anatomical and developmental variations along all the morphological aspects, which include location of orifices, various routes that the artery and its tributaries follow, and of course, the pattern of branching of the main artery. The developmental anomalies in the arterial structures result in abnormalities of arterial blood flow, hypoxia, and other conditions which may lead to atherosclerosis of the coronary artery. To the best of our knowledge, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the association between variations in the branching pattern of the coronary artery. Moreover, we propose future studies to assess the association and preventive strategies for clinicians and various health-care workers. Methodology: We performed an electronic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, Web of Science, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and various clinical tribulation registries till 2022. Two independent reviewers extracted the data, and the present meta-analysis was performed with the help of RevMan version 5.4. For the present meta-analysis, we used 10-year database from 2012 to 2022. Results: Appropriate data were fetched from studies that were included for the meta-analysis, and the data were presented in tables for evaluation and drawing of accurate results. A total of 904 articles were found after searching all of the major medical databases. Thirteen more sources of reference were included in the search. After primary screening, full text articles of around 148 were analyzed, and among them, 114 were excluded because those articles were in the category of #case series, reports, or #letters to the editors, #animal studies or #irrelevant documents, reporting duplicate documents, or broadcasting a certain variant as opposed to occurrence. After the complete screening and analysis of the data were done, the final number of articles that were included in the meta-analysis was 29 (n = 29). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis is an attempt to review and analyze the recent literature published on the variation in anatomy and developmental abnormalities of the coronary arteries in the differing population across the geography of the globe. The structural aspects of the coronary arteries, and not just the lifestyle issues, are the ones which are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), a major cause of mortality in the population. However, the anatomical factors are not attending limelight as other obesity- or age-related issues for the same. Hence, the present review aimed to deliver a thorough understanding of the most predominant branching pattern of the coronary artery seen among Asian population. This study will be beneficial to cardiologists and radiologists when performing various treatments such as coronary angiograms, coronary angioplasty, bypass grafting, and other medical procedures and can also lead to prevention of the CAD.

Published
2024
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38. An adapted Black Widow Optimization Algorithm for Financial Portfolio Optimization Problem with cardinalty and budget constraints

Author

Rahenda Khodier, Ahmed Radi, Basel Ayman, and Mohamed Gheith

Subjects
Portfolio optimization, Black Widow Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization, Mean-variance, Meta-heuristic, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Financial Portfolio Optimization Problem (FPOP) is a cornerstone in quantitative investing and financial engineering, focusing on optimizing assets allocation to balance risk and expected return, a concept evolving since Harry Markowitz’s 1952 Mean-Variance model. This paper introduces a novel meta-heuristic approach based on the Black Widow Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization (BWAPO) to solve the FPOP. The new method addresses three versions of the portfolio optimization problems: the unconstrained version, the equality cardinality-constrained version, and the inequality cardinality-constrained version. New features are introduced for the BWAPO to adapt better to the problem, including (1) mating attraction and (2) differential evolution mutation strategy. The proposed BWAPO is evaluated against other metaheuristic approaches used in portfolio optimization from literature, and its performance demonstrates its effectiveness through comparative studies on benchmark datasets using multiple performance metrics, particularly in the unconstrained Mean-Variance portfolio optimization version. Additionally, when encountering cardinality constraint, the proposed approach yields competitive results, especially noticeable with smaller datasets. This leads to a focused examination of the outcomes arising from equality versus inequality cardinality constraints, intending to determine which constraint type is more effective in producing portfolios with higher returns. The paper also presents a comprehensive mathematical model that integrates real-world constraints such as transaction costs, transaction lots, and a dollar-denominated budget, in addition to cardinality and bounding constraints. The model assesses both equality/inequality cardinality constraint versions of the problem, revealing that the inequality constraint tends to offer a wider range of feasible solutions with increased return potential.

Published
2024
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39. Measurement of the background in the CMS muon detector in $${p}{p}$$ pp -collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ s = 13 $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ Te V

Author

CMS Muon Group, M. Tytgat, A. Muhammad, G. De Lentdecker, J. Jaramillo, L. Moureaux, L. Pétré, Y. Yang, C. Rendón, G. Gokbulut, Y. Hong, A. Samalan, G. A. Alves, F. Marujo da Silva, E. Alves Coelho, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, E. M. Da Costa, D. De Jesus Damiao, B. C. Ferreira, S. Fonseca De Souza, K. Mota Amarilo, H. Nogima, A. Santoro, M. Thiel, A. Aleksandrov, L. Dimitrov, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, G. Mitev, L. Ratchev, G. Rashevski, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, S. Keshri, S. Thakur, M. Chen, X. Dong, W. Gong, Q. Hou, C. Jiang, H. Kou, Z.-A. Liu, W. Luo, J. Song, L. Sun, N. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, A. Levin, Q. Li, S. J. Qian, D. Wang, K. Wang, Z. You, C. Avila, D. A. Barbosa Trujillo, A. Cabrera, C. A. Florez, J. Fraga, J. A. Reyes Vega, F. Ramirez, M. Rodriguez, J. D. Ruiz, N. Vanegas, H. Abdalla, A. A. Abdelalim, Y. Assran, A. Radi, I. Crotty, M. A. Mahmoud, L. Balleyguier, X. Chen, C. Combaret, G. Galbit, M. Gouzevitch, G. Grenier, I. B. Laktineh, A. Luciol, L. Mirabito, W. Tromeur, I. Bagaturia, I. Lomidze, O. Kemularia, Z. Tsamalaidze, U. Böttger, D. Eliseev, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, M. Merschmeyer, F. Ivone, S. Mukherjee, F. Nowotny, B. Philipps, H. Reithler, A. Sharma, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, F. P. Zantis, M. Abbas, S. Mallows, G. Bencze, N. Beni, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, D. Teyssier, B. Ujvari, G. Zilizi, J. Babbar, S. Bansal, V. Bhatnagar, S. Chauhan, A. Kaur, H. Kaur, A. Kaur Sahota, S. Kumar, T. Sheokand, J. Singh, B. C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, M. Kumar Saini, M. Naimuddin, N. Majumdar, S. Mukhopadhyay, P. Rout, V. Amoozegar, B. Boghrati, M. Ebraimi, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, E. Zareian, M. Abbrescia, R. Aly, M. Buonsante, A. Colaleo, N. De Filippis, D. Dell’Olio, G. De Robertis, W. Elmetenawee, N. Ferrara, M. Franco, G. Iaselli, N. Lacalamita, F. Licciulli, F. Loddo, M. Maggi, S. Martiradonna, S. Nuzzo, L. Longo, A. Pellecchia, G. Pugliese, R. Radogna, D. Ramos, A. Ranieri, F. M. Simone, A. Stamerra, D. Troiano, R. Venditti, P. Verwilligen, A. Zaza, G. Abbiendi, C. Baldanza, C. Battilana, A. Benvenuti, L. Borgonovi, V. Cafaro, F. R. Cavallo, A. Crupano, M. Cuffiani, G. M. Dallavalle, F. Fabbri, A. Fanfani, D. Fasanella, P. Giacomelli, V. Giordano, C. Guandalini, L. Guiducci, S. Lo Meo, L. Lunerti, S. Marcellini, G. Masetti, F. L. Navarria, G. Paggi, A. Perrotta, F. Primavera, A. M. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. Torromeo, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, R. Campagnola, M. Caponero, S. Colafranceschi, S. Meola, L. Passamonti, D. Piccolo, D. Pierluigi, G. Raffone, A. Russo, G. Saviano, S. Buontempo, A. Cagnotta, F. Carnevali, F. Cassese, N. Cavallo, A. De Iorio, F. Fabozzi, A. O. M. Iorio, L. Lista, P. Paolucci, G. Passeggio, B. Rossi, L. Barcellan, M. Bellato, M. Benettoni, A. Bergnoli, A. Bragagnolo, R. Carlin, L. Castellani, P. Checchia, L. Ciano, A. Colombo, D. Corti, F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, F. Gonella, A. Gozzelino, A. Griggio, G. Grosso, M. Gulmini, R. Isocrate, E. Lusiani, G. Maron, M. Margoni, A. T. Meneguzzo, M. Migliorini, L. Modenese, F. Montecassiano, M. Negrello, M. Passaseo, J. Pazzini, L. Ramina, M. Rampazzo, M. Rebeschini, P. Ronchese, R. Rossin, F. Simonetto, M. Toffano, N. Toniolo, A. Triossi, S. Ventura, M. Zanetti, P. G. Zatti, P. Zotto, A. Zucchetta, S. AbuZeid, C. Aimè, A. Braghieri, S. Calzaferri, D. Fiorina, S. Gigli, P. Montagna, C. Riccardi, P. Salvini, I. Vai, P. Vitulo, N. Amapane, G. Cotto, D. Dattola, P. De Remigis, B. Kiani, C. Mariotti, S. Maselli, M. Pelliccioni, F. Rotondo, A. Staiano, D. Trocino, G. Umoret, E. Asilar, T. J. Kim, J. A. Merlin, S. Choi, B. Hong, K. S. Lee, J. Goh, J. Choi, J. Kim, U. Yang, I. Yoon, W. Jang, J. Heo, D. Kang, Y. Kang, D. Kim, S. Kim, B. Ko, J. S. H. Lee, I. C. Park, I. J. Watson, S. Yang, Y. Jeong, Y. Lee, I. Yu, G. Alasfour, T. Beyrouthy, Y. Gharbia, Y. Maghrbi, M. Otkur, H. Castilla-Valdez, H. Crotte Ledesma, R. Lopez-Fernandez, A. Sánchez Hernández, M. Ramírez García, E. Vazquez, M. A. Shah, N. Zaganidis, I. Pedraza, C. Uribe Estrada, A. Ahmad, W. Ahmed, M. I. Asghar, H. R. Hoorani, S. Muhammad, A. Wajid, J. Alcaraz Maestre, A. Álvarez Fernández, Cristina F. Fernandez Bedoya, L. C. Blanco Ramos, E. Calvo, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, J. M. Cela Ruiz, M. Cepeda, M. Cerrada, N. Colino, S. Cuadrado Calzada, J. Cuchillo Ortega, B. De La Cruz, C. I. de Lara Rodríguez, D. Fernández Del Val, J. P. Fernández Ramos, M. C. Fouz, D. Francia Ferrero, J. García Romero, O. Gonzalez Lopez, S. Goy Lopez, M. I. Josa, J. León Holgado, O. Manzanilla Carretero, I. Martín Martín, J. J. Martínez Morales, E. Martín Viscasillas, D. Moran, Á. Navarro Tobar, R. Paz Herrera, J. C. Puras Sánchez, J. Puerta Pelayo, S. Pulido Ferrero, I. Redondo, D. D. Redondo Ferrero, V. Salto Parra, S. Sánchez Navas, J. Sastre, L. Urda Gómez, J. Vazquez Escobar, J. F. de Trocóniz, F. Frias Garcia-Lago, R. Reyes-Almanza, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, J. Cuevas, J. Fernandez Menendez, S. Folgueras, I. Gonzalez Caballero, P. Leguina López, E. Palencia Cortezon, C. Ramón Álvarez, J. Prado Pico, V. Rodríguez Bouza, A. Soto Rodríguez, A. Trapote, C. Vico Villalba, B. Kailasapathy, K. Malagalage, D. U. J. Sonnadara, D. D. C. Wickramarathna, W. G. D. Dharmaratna, K. Liyanage, N. Perera, N. Wickramage, P. Aspell, M. Bianco, D. Bozzato, S. Brachet, A. Conde Garcia, A. Dabrowski, R. De Oliveira, F. Fallavollita, P. Kicsiny, E. Hazen, S. May, A. Peck, K. Salyer, I. Suarez, S. Abbott, J. Bonilla, R. Breedon, H. Cai, P. T. Cox, R. Erbacher, O. Kukral, C. McLean, G. Mocellin, M. Mulhearn, B. Regnery, M. Tripathi, G. Waegel, Y. Yao, J. Carlson, R. Cousins, A. Dasgupta, A. Datta, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko, M. A. Iqbal, C. Lo, D. Saltzberg, C. Schnaible, V. Valuev, R. Clare, M. Gordon, G. Hanson, N. Amin, J. Bradmiller-Feld, C. Campagnari, T. Danielson, A. Dishaw, A. Dorsett, B. Marsh, H. Mei, M. Oshiro, J. Richman, F. Setti, M. F. Sevilla, P. Siddireddy, S. Wang, C. Aruta, V. Barashko, V. Cherepanov, M. Dittrich, A. Korytov, E. Kuznetsova, A. Madorsky, G. Mitselmakher, A. Muthirakalayil Madhu, N. Rawal, N. Terentyev, J. Wang, B. Alsufyani, S. Butalla, T. Elkafrawy, M. Hohlmann, E. Yanes, J. Eysermans, E. Barberis, Y. Haddad, Y. Han, G. Madigan, D. M. Morse, V. Nguyen, D. Wood, S. Bhattacharya, J. Bueghly, Z. Chen, K. A. Hahn, Y. Liu, Y. Miao, D. G. Monk, M. H. Schmitt, A. Taliercio, M. Velasco, B. Bylsma, M. Carrigan, R. De Los Santos, L. S. Durkin, C. Hill, K. Banicz, J. Liu, M. Matveev, B. P. Padley, D. Aebi, M. Ahmad, T. Akhter, A. Bolshov, O. Bouhali, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, E. Juska, T. Kamon, H. Kim, M. Kizlov, S. Malhotra, R. Mueller, R. Rabadan, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, P. E. Karchin, A. Aravind, K. Black, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, M. Herndon, A. Lanaro, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, S. Mondal, D. Teague, W. Vetens, A. Warden, I. Azhgirey, V. Borshch, L. Chtchipunov, A. Egorov, G. Gavrilov, V. Golovtcov, M. Ivanov, V. Ivantchenko, Y. Ivanov, V. Karjavine, A. Khodinov, V. Kim, I. A. Kurochkin, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, S. Nasybulin, V. Oreshkin, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, A. Riabchikova, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, S. Vavilov, and A. Vorobyev

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The CMS detector, including its muon system, has been operating at the CERN LHC in increasingly challenging conditions for about 15 years. The muon detector was designed to provide excellent triggering and track reconstruction for muons produced in proton–proton collisons at an instantaneous luminosity ( $$\mathcal {L}$$ L ) of $$1 \times 10^{34}$$ 1 × 10 34 cm $$^{-2}$$ - 2 s $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . During the Run 2 data-taking period (2015–2018), the LHC achieved an instantaneous luminosity of twice its design value, resulting in larger background rates and making the efficient detection of muons more difficult. While some backgrounds result from natural radioactivity, cosmic rays, and interactions of the circulating protons with residual gas in the beam pipe, the dominant source of background hits in the muon system arises from proton–proton interactions themselves. Charged hadrons leaving the calorimeters produce energy deposits in the muon chambers. In addition, high-energy particles interacting in the hadron calorimeter and forward shielding elements generate thermal neutrons, which leak out of the calorimeter and shielding structures, filling the CMS cavern. We describe the method used to measure the background rates in the various muon subsystems. These rates, in conjunction with simulations, can be used to estimate the expected backgrounds in the High-Luminosity LHC. This machine will run for at least 10 years starting in 2029 reaching an instantaneous luminosity of $$\mathcal {L} = 5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ L = 5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 and increasing ultimately to $$\mathcal {L} = 7.5 \times \text {10}^\text {34}\,\text {cm}^\text {-2}\,\text {s}^\text {-1}$$ L = 7.5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 . These background estimates have been a key ingredient for the planning and design of the muon detector upgrade.

Published
2024
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40. Case Report: IgG4-Related Disease Presenting With Isolated Hypophysitis

Author

Suhaib Radi, MD and Michael Tamilia, FRCPC

Subjects
IgG4-related disease, hypophysitis, pituitary adenoma, pituitary hemorrhage, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Background/Objective: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition that affects multiple organs, including the pituitary gland. Here we present a patient with isolated pituitary involvement of IgG4-RD mimicking pituitary apoplexy. Case Report: A 49-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Her blood pressure was low, and she appeared euvolemic with the rest of physical examination being noncontributory. Her electrolytes showed low serum sodium of 118 mmol/L (normal 135-145). Further investigations were significant for low morning cortisol of 20 nmol/L (N:100-500) and low adrenocorticotropic hormone. Magnetic resonant imaging of the pituitary fossa showed a pituitary macroadenoma with hemorrhagic transformation. She was started on glucocorticoids and levothyroxine before undergoing surgical removal of the pituitary tumor. The pathology was positive for IgG-4-related hypophysitis (IgG4-RH) with no evidence of pituitary tumor. Discussion: IgG4-RD is an immune-mediated condition that can affect many organs including the pituitary gland, in the form of hypophysitis. IgG4-RH can affect anterior, posterior, or both pituitary lobes. In 2011, Leporati et al developed a diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RH which includes the following: imaging, serology, histopathology, and response t glucocorticoids. The mainstay of treatment is glucocorticoids and hormone replacement therapy. Conclusion: IgG4-RH might be underestimated and should be suspected in those with hypophysitis or unknown cause of hypopituitarism. Moreover, pituitary macroadenoma with hemorrhagic transformation and panhypopituitarism should be considered as rare and unusual presentations of IgG4-RD.

Published
2024
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41. Effectiveness of Praise on Skill Acquisition in Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Other Impairments Meta-Analysis

Author

Katarina Radi

Abstract

The topic of praise and more specifically, behavior-specific praise, in special education is complex. It requires an investigation of multiple types of praise in a variety of settings and a variety of individuals with even more severe intellectual and developmental disabilities and other impairments (IDDI). Historically, in much research, investigation of praise effectiveness concentrated on strictly mild disabilities, limited settings, or simply assumed that praise is an effective strategy. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the experimental design studies published between 2008 and 2024 examining the effectiveness of praise on skill acquisition among individuals with IDDI. The results of 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria resulted in the analysis of 24 experiments with a total of 80 participants with a variety of single-subject experimental designs. The methodology of design-comparable standardized mean difference was used to estimate the effect size of praise on skill acquisition. While practitioners should create a positive learning environment, the results of this study indicate that there is only limited evidence to support praise as an effective universal strategy to teach skills to individuals with IDDI. Further, the analysis of contemporary research indicates limited variety in participants' ages, diagnoses, and environments, which is concerning given the focus of special education on preparation for transition to adulthood outside of school or clinical settings. Furthermore, there is no research on this topic among adults with IDDI and there is no research on the use of self-praise, or praise outside of educational or clinical settings. Overall results indicate that praise is somehow effective compared to no-praise but is ineffective compared to other low-effort high-effectiveness reinforcers. This meta-analysis also revealed that, following assessments of the preferences of individual participants in the majority of included studies, other reinforcers may be more effective in fast skill acquisition. As an implication for practitioners, praise should not be used as a default reinforcer. Practitioners should not assume that praise is a low-effort, high-effectiveness strategy because current research does not support that. Instead, practitioners should examine students' preferences for a variety of low-effort tools (high-fives, tokens, fidget toys) and use these as highly effective reinforcers, especially if praise is not reinforcing enough. More research is needed to give practitioners, parents, special educators, and administrators effective strategies to teach our individuals with IDD skills they need for the most independent and fulfilling lives. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

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