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This article focuses on the sale and purchase of TV programs and formats at international trade fairs and its implications for our understanding of global television audiences, fans, and texts. Through analytic engagement with the core concept of flow, the authors explore three related issues: (a) how viewers and fans are positioned in distribution practices, (b) the ease through which various televisual elements travel through the distribution process, and (c) the limitations of a conceptual reliance on 'traveling' discourses to our understanding of global TV trade. Keywords: global television; television distribution; flow; fan studies

This case study explores soap opera fan activism in regard to the decade-long grassroots effort to keep the daytime drama Another World on the air. Using the author's experience with the campaign and a snowball sample, key participants were interviewed about their involvement. Results show that the majority of respondents were not activists prior to or after their campaign membership and that their perceptions of success were closely correlated to how connected they became to the soap community. Recommendations for future research include examining pending soap cancellations and the link between programming creation and fan feedback management. Keywords: soap opera; daytime television; media activism; fan studies

This study examines the content of primetime Spanish-language programming available in the United States. Four alternate nights of primetime, serial programming, which included 6 telenovelas and 1 drama, were analyzed on three Spanish TV networks--Telemundo, Univision and Azteca America. Content analysis included gender roles, class, sexual talk, and physical and verbal aggression. Women were represented comparably to men in overall numbers, but with more childcare responsibilities, less job status and a greater emphasis on attractiveness. Lighter skill characters were more likely to play major roles, were more fit and younger, and more likely to be upper class than their darker skin counterparts. Sexual talk followed a pattern similar to U.S. soaps but was more pronounced on Spanish-language television. Verbal and physical aggression were less prevalent compared to U.S. programming. The potential impact of stereotypical class and gender roles on U.S. viewers is discussed. KEY CONCEPTS Spanish television network: Telemundo, Univision, Azeca America, visual or verbal incidents, sexual talk, verbal agression, stereotypical class and gender roles

An epic fifteen-part series that moves television history into the common culture should be done with a single scriptwriter, who also appears on camera as 'presenter' and with no other talking heads. The history channel and its various historical stories shown in it are mentioned along with the story of the challenge in 'Fine Cutting Clio'.

This article examines the political and social implications of broadening public discourse and facilitating a collective mediated space in which gendered inequities, interests, and identities are debated via the feminist reproductive health radio program Bienvenida Salud! The article describes the mediascape in rural and indigenous Peruvian Amazonian communities and the ways in which feminist reproductive rights discourse has been introduced and interpreted in communities that have limited exposure to global feminism. By analyzing the reception and listening practices among the Bienvenida Salud! audience, the authors explore arguments about the limits and possibilities of participatory media to effect social change. Finally, the article examines the capacity of Amazonian women to use alternative media to voice their traditionally ignored reproductive health priorities, goals, and practices, and in so doing, critically assesses the potential of participatory media interventions to influence the discourses of global feminism and population planning.

This paper presents the measurement results obtained in an extensive field test campaign developed in two large cities of Spain (Madrid and Bilbao) with the aim of characterizing the portable outdoor reception of digital terrestrial television (COFDM) and continue the studies carried out by the authors during the past years [1], [2]. Index Terms--Digital terrestrial television, measurement campaign, portable reception.

This study examined how listening to radio or watching television while doing homework affected the performance of students. Watching soap operas interfered with performance while background music left performance unaffected.

This study of newspaper articles about Arab Americans before and after Sept. 11 revealed that a dominant theme of the pre-Sept. 11 stories was of Arab Americans resisting stereotypes and discrimination. After the attacks, newspapers tended to present Arab Americans as doubly victimized, as loyal patriotic members of the community and as targets of government detention., As news organizations mobilized to cover the Sept. 11 terror attacks, Arab Americans suddenly showed up on the news agenda. Even before it was determined that the hijackers were Arab […]

This study of university undergraduates examined the role of television coverage of terrorism in perpetuating fright and fear following the Sept. 11 attacks. Viewer characteristics, rather than television exposure, were the most consistent predictors of fear, safety and faith in others., At least since the RKO Mercury Theater production of H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds, communication scholars have been interested in the media's ability to generate fright. (1) Some have […]

This study found that the use of local TV news and network TV news increased significantly in the weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks, but readership of newspapers and news on the Internet did not. Five months after the attacks 41 percent of respondents said their news media use had increased., Sept. 11, 2001, touched every aspect of American society. It destroyed lives and devastated families. It ravaged property, wiped out businesses and crippled the American economy. Sept. 11 changed the […]

This news diffusion study showed that 44 percent of the college students surveyed learned of the Sept. 11 attacks from television and radio and 48 percent from another person. Only two percent of respondents found out about the attacks from the Internet., The terrorist acts of Sept. 11 riveted the attention of the nation as hijacked commercial airliners hit first one tower and then the second tower of the World Trade Center […]

I was no different than most Americans, glued to my set as the carnage of Sept. 11 and its ensuing developments unfolded before my eyes. Watching reporters as they tried […]

Tower 1 was struck shortly before I boarded my commuter train in North Jersey for my ride to work. Tower 2 was hit not long after, and I watched the […]

Drawing on interviews with more than thirty international television executives from around the world, this article provides a case study of how distribution and acquisition practices in international television trade extract profit from television culture. While previous research in international television has tended to ignore or to oversimplify the importance of the distribution industry, this article demonstrates how studying distribution gives us insights into the contents and directions of transborder television flows that other methods and research foci miss. Specifically, the article explores how economic and cultural forces intersect to shape the global flow of African American situation comedies. As the television industry continues to globalize, cultural differences such as race will prove pivotal in attracting multinational viewers, and this article calls for more research into how such differences are commodified by the international distribution industry.

The results of an extensive study on analog PAL signals interfered with by digital DVB-T signals are presented in this paper. The study covers a theoretical evaluation of the interference problems, field and laboratory measurements, and even a national survey among TV installation companies. The field measurements are reported in part I of the paper. These measurements explain the origin of co-channel and some of the adjacent channel interference problems. However, some customers reported interference in areas where the field measurements showed that the protection ratios for PAL signals interfered with by DVB-T adjacent channel signals were met. As these customers lived in flats in multistory buildings with Master Antenna TV (MATV) installations the study was extended to analyze the role of these installations in the interference problems. As will be seen, it has been found that part of the interference problems are due to the amplifiers of the MATV installations in buildings. These amplifiers, designed to operate in an analog scenario, are not prepared to cope with adjacent channel DVB-T signals. The nonlinear effects of the amplifiers give rise to intermodulation problems. The ITU-R recommendations [1] recognize that the presence of non linear amplifiers at the receiver could be a source of problems and that higher protection ratios may be needed. However, no value of the required increase of the protection ratios is given in the recommendations. As result of the laboratory tests of commercial amplifiers conducted in the study presented in this report, it has been found that an increase of the protection ratios between 12 to 16 dB would be needed to avoid a significant degradation of the PAL TV signal in these amplifiers. It has also been found that most of the interference situations are not due just to the fact of the interfering signal being a DVB-T format but that the signal amplitude of any significant signal in the passband of the filter will cause interference. Therefore, MATV system distribution needs planning factors associated with the distribution of any signals near the main signal. To be able to generalize the conclusions and to evaluate the importance of the interference problems a survey among companies who install communal telecommunication infrastructure in Spain was conducted. The results of this poll are present in Section HI. Index Terms--Adjacent-channel, co-channel, digital television, DVB-T, interference, measurement.

The results of an extensive study on analog PAL signals interfered with by digital DVB-T signals are presented in this paper. The research work covers field measurements, laboratory measurements, a theoretical evaluation of the interference problems, and even a national survey among TV installation companies. The main objective is the identification and explanation of the interference problems reported at several towns since the start of DVB-T broadcasting. This paper is organized in two parts. Part I includes the description of the field measurements, whereas the laboratory measurements and the poll results are described in Part II. It has been found that the frequency plan is part of the source of the interference problems, particularly in the case of co-channel interference. Another source for the problems is that different radiation elements are used, at the same site, for broadcasting DVB-T and analog TV signals. As it is stated in ETSI documents [1], the use of a different antenna dedicated to DVB-T may require ERP restrictions to protect existing analog services. The power ratios between digital and analog TV signals at the broadcasting station should be adjusted in order to meet the protection ratios at every point within the coverage area. The required power ratio would depend on the specific shape of the radiation pattern of each antenna. Finally, it has been found that an important part of the interference problems are due to the amplifiers of the Master Antenna Television (MATV) systems in buildings. The results of the laboratory tests and the theoretical analysis conducted to determine the increment of the protection ratio required by the presence of these amplifiers are presented in Part H of the paper. Index Terms--Adjacent-channel, co-channel, digital television, DVB-T, field measurement, interference.

A comparative study of the radio-television or broadcast curricula of colleges and universities in the United States, Britain and Korea was carried out to understand the structure of the curricula and the similarities and differences between the same. The study traces the history and status of broadcast education in the three nations and provides recommendations on the core courses that should be a part of all broadcast majors in these countries.