Search

The 21st century has created new societies, states and communities that defend their uniqueness and difference. This phenomenon is not new, its age is comparable and may be equal to the age of humanity. The greatest instrumental opportunities for studying the phenomenon of identity are provided by the theory of values, in particular of the Baden school of neo-Kantianism. The transfer of basic values from one generation to another is extremely important for preserving social identity which is manifested in the feeling of a value connection with the past and other generations not only by history and culture, but also by ethics and teleology. Values are transferred through language, everyday practices and space organization. The values of space, along with ethnic, religious and linguistic ones, predetermine social identity; interrelation and mutual influence of values act as the identification basis of society. Using examples from France, Germany and Russia, the authors show the mutual influence of values, space and language, and the attempts to change social space and values through targeted linguistic policy, describing the impact of spatial structures on social identity and the effect of reverse influence under changes in social space due to the transformation of the field formed by the structured positions of actors. Thus, the article presents differences in the value bases of the space perception in the French, German and Russian sociological and geopolitical schools. The authors pay special attention to the axiological features of Eurasianism as focused on the traditional values of Russia’s peoples and on partnerships with those countries of the Eurasian space that reject globalism and radical liberalism in favor of multipolarity and national traditions.

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the spatial distribution of the rigidity of the carrier frame and the body of the Ukrainian electric locomotive DC3 as a single system during operation and repair. The research was carried out on the basis of the finite element method with the application of design and computing complex SCAD for Windows. The numerical model of the electric locomotive was built, tested and then used to identify the causes and providing guidance on solving some specific operational questions. They are included, for example, the possibility of eliminating the body skew when jacking up on jacks and jamming the door as a result. The researches showed that the structure of the electric locomotive DS3 in general has a rather high spatial rigidity, both in transverse and longitudinal directions, and on torsion. However, for some practical repair tasks there is not enough for that rigidity. It was recommended to increase the thickness of the shell of its body up to 4 mm or the roof up to 8 mm, which leads to an increasing in the total mass of the machine by about 2,5 and 3,5 tons, respectively.

Features of the expression of membrane importers of 5-ALA, as well as transporters involved in the removal of photoactive precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) (uro-, copro- and protoporphyrinogens), may cause differences in the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of malignant neoplasms using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Increased expression of ALA transporters is associated with an increase in the intensity of PPIX synthesis. When the expression of PPIX exporters increases, there is a decrease in PPIX concentration. The review describes the main transporters of 5-ALA, uro-, copro- and protoporphyrinogens, provides data on their expression in various tissues, and discusses the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy considering the expression of the corresponding transport proteins in malignant tissues.

A mathematical model was developed, during which the voltage equations of the three-phase winding of a brushless DC motor with permanent magnets, the electromagnetic torque of a brushless DC motor, electromagnetic power, the induced emf of each winding, and the differential torque equation of the servo system were obtained. Based on the constructed mathematical model of the BLDC for a specific motor with given parameters, simulation modeling was carried out and the dependences of electromechanical quantities were obtained: angular velocity of the rotor, electromagnetic torque, stator phase current and rotor rotation angle on time. The simulation results confirmed the theoretical justification of the mathematical model. The resulting mathematical description of the BLDC can be used to build the architecture of a control unit based on a neural network controller.

The problem of an approximate solution to hydrodynamic problems is the consideration of pressure. To exclude it from the equations, the transition to “non-primitive variables” (vortex and velocity vector divergence) is made. In this case, there are difficulties in the algorithmization of new equations for solving the inverse problem of hydrodynamics and a lot of internal iterative calculations. The object of this study includes equations in “non-primitive” variables. The research methods are based on the transformation without simplifications and assumptions of hydrodynamic equations into a form containing “non-primitive” variables and the demonstration of the possibilities of solving the equations. The GAMS programming language was used for approximate solutions for the first time. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of solving the full equations in “non-primitive” variables for various conditions. The results showed the possibility of considering the compressibility of the medium when solving the inverse problem of hydrodynamics; the identity of solutions of the proposed system of equations and equations using the potential; and the possibility of using optimizing programming languages for hydrodynamics problems. The scientific novelty of this research consists of solving the full equations of hydrodynamics with the use of “non-primitive” variables but without the use of the current function. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-021 Full Text: PDF

Bowen’s disease is a form of non-invasive (in situ) squamous cell skin cancer localized in the non-genital area. Russian and European clinical guidelines include photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the standard of care for patients with Bowen’s disease. In the present review, the efficacy and safety profile of different PDT regimens for Bowen’s disease are analyzed according to the available literature data. PDT can be used to treat large Bowen’s disease lesions localized in areas of the body characterized by severe healing and in cases where surgery is not feasible. Analysis of the results of studies shows that PDT is superior in efficacy and cosmetic results to traditional local treatments such as 5-fluorouracil or cryotherapy. In all analyzed studies in patients with Bowen’s disease, PDT achieved a significant clinical effect. Complete regression of pathologic foci was achieved in 67-100% of patients. In studies evaluating the recurrence rate of Bowen’s disease after PDT, this value ranged from 2-28% with the range of 6-18% in most of the studies. Most often, 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester are used for PDT in Bowen’s disease. According to some researchers, aminolevulinic acid allows to achieve a more long-term positive clinical effect with a lower incidence of painful reactions during treatment

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions in the world. A number of studies have shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is safe and effective for both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne and can significantly improve skin conditions in this disease. The effectiveness of PDT against acne is mainly due to a decrease in the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands due to a decrease in their activity as a result of direct photodynamic damage to the sebaceous glands, eradication of Cutibacterium acnes, and a decrease in the level of hyperkeratosis. Compared with systemic drug therapy, PDT treatment of severe acne has the following advantages: fast results, high efficiency, high selectivity, no systemic adverse reactions and drug resistance, and low recurrence rate. Most often for PDT in patients with acne, drugs based on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its methyl ester (ME-ALA) are used. At the moment, there are no unified recommendations on PDT regimens for the treatment of this skin pathology. Various studies demonstrate the high efficiency of PDT with a wide range of doses of 5-ALA (3-20%) and ME-ALA (4-16%), light doses (15-120 J/cm2 ), and exposure time (30-90 min). The general trend in studies by different authors is that gentle low-intensity PDT regimens for acne demonstrate the same high efficiency with a significant reduction in pain during irradiation and local skin reactions (erythrema, edema, and hyperpigmentation).

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of psoriasis remains the subject of much debate. There is no consensus in the scientific community about effective and safe PDT regimens for psoriasis. Described in the published materials doses and concentrations of photosensitizers for psoriasis, as well as light doses, differ by dozens of times. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy and safety profile of various PDT regimens for psoriasis. Some studies demonstrate 100% effectiveness of the method in certain modes (complete or partial clearance of psoriasis foci after PDT). In particular, such efficiency was obtained with the application of 20% 5-ALA (light dose 15 J/cm2) and 0.1% methylene blue (light dose 15 J/ cm2). The main factor limiting the use of PDT in psoriasis, and in some cases even being the reason for treatment interruption, is severe pain during the irradiation procedure. This requires careful development of PDT regimens in patients with psoriasis.

Huntington’s disease is a serious inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by of motor, cognitive and psychiatric features. The disease is caused by an abnormally expanded CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene and the production of mutant huntingtin protein.The disease usually manifests in adulthood, but the manifestation in childhood and youth is also described, which is noted in 5–10 % of cases. The disease predominantly affects the neostriatum, resulting in a characteristic clinical picture.The most promising approaches to etiotropic therapy of Huntington’s disease are a number of DNA- (CRISPR/Cas9 system) and RNA-directed methods (antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference), methods that directly reduce the level of mutant gentingtin (chimera molecules), as well as approaches based on inactivating the DNA mismatch repair system using the FAN1 enzyme.

Fluorescent diagnostics is a promising method for diagnosing non-melanocytic skin tumors, which makes it possible to identify clinically undetectable skin cancer foci and clarify the margin of the tumor lesion. The main drugs for fluorescent diagnostics are drugs based on 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester. Sensitivity indicators of fluorescent diagnostics in basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget’s disease reach 79.0-100.0%, speci city – 55.6-100%. But the effectiveness of this method may be reduced due to hyperkeratinization, keratinization, and the presence of necrotic tissue on the surface of tumor foci. Comparative studies of the results of fluorescent diagnostics and histological mapping during tumor removal using Mohs micrographic surgery showed approximately equal results in the determining of the tumor edges by these methods, which indicates that safe and technically easily performed fluorescent diagnostics can serve as a good alternative to Mohs micrographic surgery, one of the most accurate, but rather labor-intensive and technically complex method for determining the margin of skin cancer foci.

Objective. To analyze three methods of cleaning and disinfection of removable plate prostheses (protected by patents) available for elderly and senile persons with psychoneurological diseases living in boarding schools. Materials and methods. Technologies of application of the following methods of cleaning and disinfection of removable plate prostheses are described: 1) using an ultrasonic dispersant UZDN-A with a complex of individual reagents; 2) using the ozonizer-sterilizer « Ozon-stom»; 3) with the help of an ultrasonic washing machine «Retona» and an original complex of domestic reagents. Results. Their positive and negative aspects are revealed; it is established: that each method carried out according to the instructions gives 100% disinfection of removable dentures; the most rational method of ultrasonic treatment with the use of a washing machine of the «Retona» type; for the removal of old and dense deposits of plaque, the method with the use of a dispersant UZDN-A is preferable; the method of ozonation for the elderly and senile people suffering from neuropsychiatric diseases can only be used with the participation of medical staff. Conclusion. The considered methods of cleaning and disinfection of removable plate prostheses can be applied to a greater or lesser extent for the elderly and senile in residential homes of psycho-neurological profile, with complete success can be applied to this category of persons living in a family or in residential homes for the elderly without diseases of this profile. According to the volume of positive aspects, the method of cleaning removable plate prostheses using a washing machine of the “Retona” type and the original complex of domestic reagents is most preferable.

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare tumor that predominantly affects the skin containing apocrine glands. Due to insufficient data on the effectiveness of different methods, there is no single therapeutic approach to the treatment of patients with EMPD and their subsequent management. The use of surgical methods, laser therapy and local cytotoxic drugs has a number of limitations. The advantages of using photodynamic therapy (PDT) in EMPD are the absence of systemic toxicity, non-invasiveness, selectivity of action, the absence of carcinogenic potential, the possibility of conducting several courses of treatment, and good cosmetic results. In our review, we analyzed those published in 2000-2022 data on the results of PDT treatment of 114 patients with EMPD. As a result of treatment, complete regression of tumor foci was achieved in 40% of patients. Most authors note that PDT is more effective for small areas (up to 4 cm2).

Oxygen content is one of the most important indices of the atmospheric air quality, on which the health and working capacity of the population depend. Many researchers do not consider a constant decrease in oxygen concentration to be dangerous for human health. Nevertheless, a local drop in the oxygen content in the air near the highways can cause negative consequences for human health. Undoubtedly, the constant growth of motorization in Tashkent leads to intensive oxygen absorption from the urban atmosphere to realize the fuel combustion processes. The purpose of this study is to assess the decrease in oxygen concentration in the air of Tashkent city near the highways due to the motor transport traffic. As was experimentally determined, a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the atmospheric air was observed near the highways; and the intensity of the decrease was related to the intensity of vehicle traffic. During rush hours, oxygen concentration near the highways could reach the values that are hazardous to humans, up to 19.6 - 19.5% O2. A modified Kitsenko equation was proposed to perform an express assessment of the oxygen concentration; the authors have introduced the coefficients of irregularity of movement into this equation. The proposed method will make it possible to assess the oxygen content by an indirect indicator (traffic intensity) and timely inform the population about the air quality.

The article deals with the problem of organising the monitoring of saline soils using the example of farms in the Hungry Steppe and the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Due to the variability of salinity levels, continuous monitoring is required, which is difficult to organise using existing methods. The authors propose the use of a bioindication of soil salinity based on the condition of cotton plants. The aim of the study was to test the possibility of using cotton plants as bioindicators of soil salinity and to search for measurable indicators for the practical implementation of bioindication. As a result of the field studies, possible bioindicators such as leaf thickness, leaf area and the pattern of change in planting density were investigated. It was found that as soil salinity increases, cotton planting density changes according to Poisson's law. In order to minimise the time and work involved in organising the monitoring, it was proposed to use the thickness of the cotton leaf blade, measured with a digital micrometer, as a bioindicator parameter. For the practical implementation of salinity assessment by leaf thickness, the relationship "soil salinity - leaf thickness" was established in the form of a regression equation. The results obtained are similar to those of previous studies on a decrease in plant density, as well as a decrease in the area of the leaf plate and an increase in its thickness with increasing soil salinity. At the same time, the problem of the bioindication of soil salinity by the state of the cotton plant has not been considered so far.

The increase in average annual and summer temperatures in cities adversely affects the health of residents. To address the effects of climate change on urban populations, outdoor microclimate systems that spray liquid droplets are utilized. However, these systems have significant drawbacks, including high water usage and limited efficiency in reducing temperatures. In areas facing water scarcity, such as many Asian countries, microclimate systems that utilise ultrasonic mist generators appear to be a more viable option. This article presents a study examining the operation of a physical model of a climate system incorporating ultrasonic mist generators. Experimental data indicate that the cooling effect is evident within the first 2-3 minutes of system operation, with a temperature decrease rate of 0.7 oC/min observed. A mathematical model has been derived that describes the process of temperature reduction in the unit operation zone. The model is based on a hyperbolic function.

The review highlights the current understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, existing classifications of mycosis fungoides. Methods for diagnosis and treatment of the pathology are described, among which photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays an important role. The main advantages of PDT for mycosis fungoides include the absence of systemic toxicity, non-invasiveness, selectivity, absence of carcinogenic potential, the possibility of repeated courses of treatment, and good cosmetic results. This review collects and analyzes the results of clinical trials of PDT in patients with mycosis fungoides. The analysis showed high efficiency of PDT in patients with mycosis fungoides with isolated or limited spots and plaques. PDT can be considered as the therapy of choice in patients with facial lesions when a good cosmetic result is one of the main requirements, and radiation therapy, nitrogen mustard or carmustine can leave permanent and visible scars. Plaques located in the axillary or inguinal skin folds that are inaccessible to phototherapy can also be treated with PDT.

The article presents the results of the search for methodological ways to improve the quality of sociological information obtained in the focus group discussion. Today the scientific sphere is changing, and, in addition to the development of new methods, the existing interdisciplinary ones are being adapted to the specific research goals. An important way for improving sociological methods is the study of psychological aspects of respondents behavior during focus groups, since unconscious reactions can indicate the potential information bias and affect the quality of the project results. In the RUDN University, a three-stage methodological experiment was conducted based on the psychological technique 7 radicals, the Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF) and the personal differential method. At the first stage, the experiment aimed at examining the ability of respondents without special knowledge in the field of psycho-typing to identify the dominant radicals. At the second stage, representatives of different psycho-types assessed each other so that the researchers would develop recommendations for the seating of focus group participants. At the third stage, the quality of the data obtained in focus groups was assessed depending on the moderators special skills (knowledge of psycho-types, FACS and SPAFF). Thus, the recommendations for moderators were developed - to increase the efficiency of work with focus group participants and to improve the quality of sociological data. The moderator needs knowledge in three areas: respondents psycho-types, affects in SPAFF, and the proxemic component (seating of respondents). The authors assess the prospects for introducing psychological techniques into the training system for focus group moderators and provide recommendations for moderators based on the results of the multi-stage experiment. Its results partially solve the problem of the quality of the focus group data by explaining the need to teach moderators interdisciplinary techniques (SPAFF and psycho-typing of the focus-group participants).

Goal. To study the patterns of interaction between the bone structures of the recipient zones and screw dental implants made of titanium nickelide having through permeable porosity in combination with fine-profile mesh titanium nickelide. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 15 mongrel rabbits of both sexes aged 1-1.5 years. Cylindrical porous screw nickel-titanium implants were installed in the thickness of the mandibular bone in combination with knitted thin-profile superelastic mesh titanium nickelide. To study the features of reparative osteogenesis, the material was collected 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after the implants were installed. Results. The conducted studies have shown that in the implantation zone the regenerate was a spongy and compact bone tissue in accordance with the localization, closer or further from the compact layer of the recipient bone. Conclusion. Due to the biocompatibility of titanium nickelide-based alloys with biological tissues, bone tissue from the recipient regions grows into the system of the porous part of the implantable structures and into the thickness of the mesh structure of thin-profile knitted titanium nickelide with the formation of a single bone organotypic regenerate between them.

В статті проведено аналіз впливу навколишнього середовища на несучі металеві конструкції пасажирських вагонів на прикладі вагонів спеціального призначення на основі результатів технічного діагностування з метою подовження терміну експлуатації. За результатами проведеного аналізу, було визначено, що, незважаючи на початкові високі характеристики несучих елементів і оболонки кузова, сама конструкція кузова пасажирського вагона створює сприятливі умови для розвитку процесу корозії внутрішніх поверхонь несучих елементів. Аналіз отриманих результатів свідчить, що основні експлуатаційні пошкодження елементів кузовів можна розділити на механічні та корозійні. Незважаючи на початкові високі характеристики несучих елементів конструкції і оболонки кузова, сама конструкція кузова пасажирського вагона створює сприятливі умови для розвитку процесу корозії внутрішніх поверхонь несучих елементів. Було обстежено кузови вагонів, споруджених у 1982-1990 рр., що надійшли в ремонт з більшості залізниць. Автором протягом тривалого часу проводився аналіз технічного стану кузовів пасажирських вагонів, технічне діагностування з метою подовження терміну служби. Виявлено корозійні пошкодження кузова пасажирського вагона: підлога кузова, пояс нижньої обв’язки, наскрізна корозія обшивки бічних стін. Встановлено, що швидкість корозійного руйнування зростає від нуля в початковий період експлуатації, коли діють захисні властивості протикорозійного покриття, до 0,8 мм на рік. Настільки висока інтенсивність пояснюється специфікою конструкції кузова і умовами його експлуатації.

The results of a 13-year clinical observation of a patient after treatment for basal cell carcinoma of the skin of the right cheek Ist cT1N0M0 are presented. The history of the course of the disease is associated with the fact that the patient underwent radiation therapy in early childhood for hemangioma of the lower eyelid of the right eye and right cheek. In 2008, against the background of post-radiation changes in the area of the right cheek, basal cell carcinoma was diagnosed at the Moscow Oncological Research Institute. P.A. Herzen. At the Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy, the patient underwent organ-preserving PDT treatment. A course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulic acid was carried out. Subsequently, the patient was followed up until 2021 without relapse in the PDT area. In 2016, the patient was diagnosed with a relapse of the disease in the form of a new focus of basal cell carcinoma of the upper eyelid skin on the right Iast cT1N0M0. The patient underwent a course of PDT with a chlorin e6-based photosensitizer. Complete regression of the tumor was achieved, the period of relapse-free follow-up was 5 years.

The article presents a clinical observation. The patient, 72 years old, applied to the MNII them. P.A. Herzen with complaints about the presence of an ulcerated tumor of the left ear. After further examination, a diagnosis was made - basal cell carcinoma of the ear skin with spread to the skin of the parotid region T3N0M0. On July 9, 2021, the patient underwent a course of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a photosensitizer based on chlorin e6 and a diode laser with a wavelength of 662 nm. After one course of PDT, complete regression of the tumor was recorded.