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Uvod/Cilj Cilj ove studije je da se identifikuje i ispita upotreba Novog upitnika skorovanja mobilnosti (NUS) u proceni funkcionalnog oporavka tri meseca nakon totalne artroplastike kuka. Metode U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 70 pacijenata, starijih od 60 godina, koji su bili podvrgnuti totalnoj artroplastici kuka. Ispitivana grupa je podvrgnuta sveobuhvatnom programu rehabilitacije, a kontrolna grupa standardnom. Primarni ishod funkcionalnog oporavka je ocenjen Harisovim upitnikom za kuk (HUK) i NUS, a sekundarni Opštim upitnikom o zdravlju (SF-36). Upitnici su popunjavani preoperativno i tri meseca postoperativno. Rezultati Ispitivana grupa je u odnosu na kontrolnu pokazala značajnije poboljšanje tri meseca posle artroplastike kuka. Korelacija u obe grupe između HUK i NUS je bila vrlo jaka (r > 0,700). U ispitivanoj grupi je tri meseca postoperativno pokazana jaka povezanost između ukupnog fizičkog oporavka (UFO) SF-36, HUK i NUS (r > 0,700), umerena do jaka između kategorija bola, HUK (r = 0,380; r = 0,583) i NUS (r = 0,424). U kontrolnoj grupi je pokazana jaka korelacija između UFO SF-36, HUK (r = 0,704) i NUS (r = 0,568) i umerena između kategorija bola i HUK (r = 0,546; r = 0,466). Područje ispod krive (AUC) pokazalo je validnost svih korišćenih mernih instrumenata: AUCNUS = 0,724, r = 0,001, AUCHUK = 0,788, p = 0,000 i AUCUFO = 0,747, r = 0,001. Zaključak NUS može uspešno da se koristi u rutinskoj kliničkoj proceni funkcionalnog oporavka starijih pacijenata posle totalne artroplastike kuka. Istraživanje je registrovano u registru ISRCTN (https://doi. org/10.1186/ISRCTN73197506)., Introduction/Objective The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the use of New Mobility Score (NMS) in estimating functional recovery three months after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods In total, 70 patients, aged > 60 years, underwent THA. Treatment group was subjected to the comprehensive rehabilitation program and control group to the standard one. Primary outcome was assessed with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and NMS, and secondary one by Medical Outcomes Health Survey (Short-Form Health Survey - SF-36). Questionnaires were collected before and three months after hip surgery. Results Treatment group showed significant improvement three months postoperatively. The correlation in both groups between HHS and NMS was very strong (r > 0.700). Treatment group following surgery showed strong correlation between Recovery through Personal Care Services (PCS) and HHS and NMS (r > 0.700), moderate to strong between pain categories and HHS (r = 0.380; r = 0.583) and NMS (r = 0.424). Control group showed strong correlation between PCS and HHS (r = 0.704), and NMS (r = 0.568) and moderate to pain categories and HHS (r = 0.546; r = 0.466). The area under the curve (AUC) described the inherent validity of all measurement used AUCNMS = 0.724, p = 0.001, AUCHHS = 0.788, p = 0.000 and AUCPCS = 0.747, p = 0.001. Conclusion The NMS could be successfully used in routine clinical assessment of elderly patients following THA. The trial is registered in ISRCTN Register with https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN73197506.

Background Anterior mitral leaflet prolapse repair is a highly effective procedure, but despite excellent operative results still has an inferior long-term durability when compared to posterior leaflet repair. Methods We analysed mitral repair durability in 74 consecutive patients operated for anterior leaflet prolapse between 2010 and 2021. Their pre- and postoperative clinical, echocardiographic data and repair durability as well, were compared with 74 randomly assigned posterior leaflet prolapse patients who underwent valve repair during the same period. Results While groups were of similar age, patients with anterior leaflet prolapse had an inferior preoperative status in terms of functional reserve, atrial fibrillation, operative risk, ejection fraction and had more dilated left heart chambers as well. 1, 5, and 10-year freedom from repair failure was 87.1 +/- 4.6%, 79.8 +/- 6.5% and 50.7 +/- 12.5% in the anterior, and 98.5 +/- 1.5% respectively in the posterior leaflet group. Atrial fibrilation (hazard ratio [HR] 5.365; 95%; confidence interval [CI] 1.093-26.324 p = .038) and left ventricle end-systolic diameter (HR 1.160 95%; CI 1.037-1.299 p = .010) independently predicted anterior leaflet repair failure. Receiver Operating Curve analysis established left ventricle end-systolic diameter LT = 42 mm as a cut-off value associated with improved anterior leaflet repair durability. Accordingly, 10-year repair durability in a subset of patients, with preserved left ventricle end-systolic diameter ( LT = 42 mm) was 86.4 +/- 7.8%. Conclusion Better long-term repair durability in patients with anterior mitral leaflet prolapse and preserved sinus rhytm and left-ventricle diameters justifies early reconstructive approach.

Uvod/Cilj. Prethodne studije potvrdile su pozitivnu korelaciju između nivoa homocisteina i većeg rizika od nastanka akutnog koronarnog sindroma i moždanog udara, ali nije bilo istraživanja koja su ispitivala povezanost između vrednosti homocisteina i inflamacijskih markera i težine koronarne arterijske bolesti prema kliničkom SINTAKS skoru kod bolesnika sa stabilnom anginom pektoris. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi povezanost između koncentracije homocisteina i inflamacijskih biomarkera: interleukina (IL)-6, visoko senzitivnog C-reaktivnog proteina (hs-RCP), fibrinogena i sedimentacije eritrocita (SE) i stepena težine koronarne arterijske bolesti prema kliničkom SINTAKS skoru. Metod. Kod 82 bolesnika sa stabilnom anginom pektoris (prosečne starosti 65 ± 8 godina, 28,9% žena) urađena je koronarografija, nakon čega su podeljeni u tri grupe prema kliničkom SINTAKS skoru: I grupa LT 22 (39 bolesnika), II grupa 23-32 (16 bolesnika), III grupa > 33 (27 bolesnika). Stepen težine koronarne arterijske bolesti određen je prema kliničkom SINTAKS skoru, množenjem SINTAKS I skora i modifikovanog ACEF skora, koji uzima u obzir ejekcionu frakciju leve komore, starost bolesnika i klirens kreatinina (izvedenog pomoću Cockcroft-Gault-ove jednačine). Rezultati. Vrednosti homocisteina bile su značajno više kod bolesnika sa visokim kliničkim SINTAKS skorom [I grupa: medijana (interkvartilini raspon - IQR): 10,20 (3,97), II grupa: 10,45 (5,77), III grupa: 14,70 (7,50), p = 0,005]. Bolesnici III grupe imali su značajno više vrednosti homocisteina u poređenju sa I grupom (p = 0,001). Takođe smo detektovali pozitivnu korelaciju između inflamacijskih markera (IL-6, hs-CRP, fibrinogena i SE) i težine koronarne arterijske bolesti prema kliničkom SINTAKS skoru (p = 0.017, 0.001, 0.032, 0.049 redom). Detektovali smo značajno niže vrednosti vitamina B12 u grupama III i II u odnosu na grupu I (I grupa: medijana (IQR): 238 (160), II grupa: 171 (160), III grupa: 172 (102), p = 0,022) što, Background/Aim. Previous studies have confirmed a positive correlation between homocysteine levels and a greater risk for acute coronary syndrome and stroke, but there are no available data to support an association between homocysteine and inflammatory markers and the severity of coronary artery disease according to the clinical SYNTAX score in patients with stable angina. The aim was to determine the association between homocysteine and inflammatory biomarker levels: interleukin (IL)-6, high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the severity of coronary artery disease according to clinical SYNTAX score. Methods. Eighty-two patients with stable angina pectoris (average age 65 ± 8 years, 28.9% females) underwent coronary angiography and were divided into three groups according to the clinical SYNTAX score: the group I LT 22 (39 patients), the group II 23-32 (16 patients), the group III > 33 (27 patients). The severity and complexity of coronary artery disease were calculated by clinical SYNTAX score, multiplying the SYNTAX score with the modified ACEF score, based on the patients' left ventricular ejection fraction, age and creatinine clearance (derived with Cockcroft-Gault equation). Results. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in patients with high clinical SYNTAX score [the group I: median (interquartile range - IQR): 10.20 (3.97), the group II: 10.45 (5.77), the group III: 14.70 (7.50), p = 0.005]. Patients in the group III had significantly higher homocysteine levels compared to the group I (p = 0.001). We also found a positive association between inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, hsCRP, fibrinogen, ESR) and the severity of coronary artery disease according to the clinical SYNTAX score (p = 0.017, 0.001, 0.032, 0.049 respectively). We detected significantly lower plasma levels of vitamin B12 in the group III and group II in comparison with the group I (the group I: median (IQR): 238 (160), the group II

Background: Transsexuality is explained and defined as a gender-identity disorder, characterised by very strong conviction of belonging to the opposite sex and has been associated with a distinct neuroanatomical pattern. Materials and methods: We performed a structural analysis in search of possible differences in grey matter structures based on magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brains of 26 individuals between 19 and 38 years of age. The participants were divided into two groups of 15 controls and 11 transgender individuals. The segmentation of subcortical grey matter was performed using FIRST model a model-based segmentation/registration tool, from FSL software package. Results: The results showed that the volume of the brain region called nucleus accumbens on the left side was significantly smaller in the group of transgender individuals compared to the control. It was the most important parameter which was shown to make distinction between two examined groups. Conclusions: The results also showed decreased volumes of the left thalamus, right hippocampus and right caudate nucleus.

Achieving sustainability in constant development in every area in today's modern business has become a challenge on the one hand, and an imperative on the other. If the aspect of business excellence achievement is also added to it, the complexity of the system increases significantly, and it is necessary to model a system considering several parameters and satisfying the multi-criteria function. This paper develops a novel integrated model that involves the application of a subjective-objective model in order to achieve business sustainability and excellence. The model consists of fuzzy PIPRECIA (fuzzy pivot pairwise relative criteria importance Assessment) as a subjective method, CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) and I-distance method as objective methods. The goal is to take the advantages of these approaches and allow for more accurate and balanced (symmetric) decision-making through their integration. The integrated subjective-objective model has been applied in a narrow geographical area to consider and evaluate banks as a significant factor in improving the social aspect of sustainability. An additional contribution of the paper is a critical overview of multi-criteria problems in which the levels of the hierarchical structure contain a different (asymmetric) number of elements. A specific example has also been used to prove that only a hierarchical structure with an equal number of lower-level elements provides precise weights of criteria in accordance with the preferences of decision-makers referring to subjective models. The results obtained are verified throughout the calculation of Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, and throughout a sensitivity analysis involving a dynamic reverse rank matrix.

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je formiranje metodologije za otkrivanje multivarijacionih nestandardnih opservacija kroz unapređenje metode Ivanovićevog odstojanja. Otkrivanje nestandardnih opservacija u k-dimenzionom prostoru je podjednako važno kao i njihovo otkrivanje u jednoj dimenziji. Pod pojmom „nestandardna opservacija” se podrazumeva ona opservacija koja je na neki način nekonzistentna sa preostalima iz posmatranog skupa. Otkrivanje multivarijacionih nestandardnih opservacija se najčešće sprovodi korišćenjem metode Mahalanobisovog odstojanja. Ivanovićevo odstojanje se koristi u cilju merenja intenziteta neke pojave, korišćenjem većeg broja izabranih indikatora. Unapređena metoda Ivanovićevog odstojanja testira značajnost svakog od posmatranih indikatora korišćenjem odgovarajuće F statistike. Kroz upotrebu definisanih procedura za eliminaciju i/ili selekciju indikatora, nova metoda teži formiranju „optimalnog” skupa indikatora, redukujući dimenziju posmatranog kompleksnog problema. Metoda sekvencijalnog Ivanovićevog odstojanja uzima u obzir diskriminacionu moć svakog od korišćenih indikatora. U skladu s tim, formira se jedinstvena vrednost odstojanja za svaku opservaciju iz posmatranog skupa. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da se ova metoda može uspešno koristiti za otkrivanje multivarijacionih nestandardnih opservacija., The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the development of the methodology for detecting multivariate outliers through the modification of the Ivanović (I-distance) distance method. Detecting outliers in the k-dimensional space is as important as detecting them in a single dimension. The term outlier refers to the observation which is in some way inconsistent with the rest of the observations in a data set. Multivariate outliers are most commonly detected using the Mahalanobis distance method. I-distance is used to measure the intensity of an occurrence, using a number of selected indicators. An improved method of I-distance tests the significance of each of the observed indicators using the appropriate F statistics. Through defined procedures for the elimination and /or selection of indicators, the new method seeks to form an optimal set of indicators, while reducing the dimension of the complex problem at hand. The stepwise I-distance method takes into account the discriminatory power of each of the indicators used. Accordingly, a unique I-distance value is formed for each observation from the observed set. The research results show that this method can be used to detect multivariate outliers.

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације је формирање методологије за откривање мултиваријационих нестандардних опсервација кроз унапређење методе Ивановићевог одстојања. Откривање нестандардних опсервација у k-димензионом простору је подједнако важно као и њихово откривање у једној димензији. Под појмом „нестандардна опсервација” се подразумева она опсервација која је на неки начин неконзистентна са преосталима из посматраног скупа. Откривање мултиваријационих нестандардних опсервација се најчешће спроводи коришћењем методе Махаланобисовог одстојања. Ивановићево одстојање се користи у циљу мерења интензитета неке појаве, коришћењем већег броја изабраних индикатора. Унапређена метода Ивановићевог одстојања тестира значајност сваког од посматраних индикатора коришћењем одговарајуће F статистике. Кроз употребу дефинисаних процедура за елиминацију и/или селекцију индикатора, нова метода тежи формирању „оптималног” скупа индикатора, редукујући димензију посматраног комплексног проблема. Метода секвенцијалног Ивановићевог одстојања узима у обзир дискриминациону моћ сваког од коришћених индикатора. У складу с тим, формира се јединствена вредност одстојања за сваку опсервацију из посматраног скупа. Резултати истраживања показали су да се ова метода може успешно користити за откривање мултиваријационих нестандардних опсервација., The subject of this doctoral dissertation is the development of the methodology for detecting multivariate outliers through the modification of the Ivanović (I-distance) distance method. Detecting outliers in the k-dimensional space is as important as detecting them in a single dimension. The term outlier refers to the observation which is in some way inconsistent with the rest of the observations in a data set. Multivariate outliers are most commonly detected using the Mahalanobis distance method. I-distance is used to measure the intensity of an occurrence, using a number of selected indicators. An improved method of I-distance tests the significance of each of the observed indicators using the appropriate F statistics. Through defined procedures for the elimination and /or selection of indicators, the new method seeks to form an optimal set of indicators, while reducing the dimension of the complex problem at hand. The stepwise I-distance method takes into account the discriminatory power of each of the indicators used. Accordingly, a unique I-distance value is formed for each observation from the observed set. The research results show that this method can be used to detect multivariate outliers.

Убрзани развој информационо-комуникационих технологија, експанзија Интернета и друштвених мрежа довео је до информационе експлозије-појаве велике количине података који су на располаганју практично свима..., The rapid development of information and communication technologies, the expansion of tht Internet and social networks has led to an explosion of information-the appearance of large amounts of data that are practically available to everyone...

Ispitati efekte primene bowel menadžmenta na urinarnu inkontinenciju, učestalost javljanja urinarnih infekcija, kao i uticaj na kvalitet života kod pacijenata sa spina bifidom sa hiperaktivnom mokraćnom bešikom i detrusor sfinkter disinergijom. Metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2014 do 2017 godine, a period uključivanja u studiju je trajao od juna 2014. do marta 2016 godine. Prva grupa (Grupa 1) je obuhvatala 35 pacijenata kod kojih je sprovoden bowel menadžment u kombinaciji sa antiholinergičkom medikamentnom terapijom i čistim intermitentnim kataterizacijama (CIC-om). Druga grupa (Grupa 2) je obuhvatala 35 pacijenata koji su tretirani isključivo antiholinergičkom medikamentnom terapijom i CIC-om. Bowel menadžment je uključivao svakodnevnu primenu klizmi, primenu laksativa, kao i specijalnu dijetu u cilju lečenja opstipacije i prateće fekalne inkontinencije, koju smo procenjivali na osnovu Roma III kriterijuma i ehosonografske vrednosti transverzalnog dijametra rektuma. Uticaj bowel menadžmenta na urinarnu inkontinenciju smo procenjivali na osnovu vrednosti prosečnog suvog vremenskog intervala između dva CIC-a, za sve pacijente. Uticaj bowel menadžmenta na urinarne infekcije smo procenjivali na osnovu broja urinarnih infekcija pre i posle tretmana. U pogledu kvaliteta života koristili smo Kindl upitnik za decu i roditelje, u cilju procene ukupnog kvaliteta života, ali takođe i različitih aspekata kvaliteta života dece (fizička dobrobit, emocionalna dobrobit, samopouzdanje, porodica, prijatelji, škola, bolest). Skor na testu ima vrednost od 0 do 100, pri čemu 0 označava najlošiji a 100 najbolji kvalitet života. Period praćenja za sve pacijente je iznosio godinu dana., To examine the effects of bowel management on urinary incontinence, on the frequency of urinary infections, and to assess the impact on the quality of life in spina bifida patients with overactive bladder and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out from 2014 to 2017, with the recruitment process from June 2014 to March 2016. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 35 patients who were administered bowel management combined with anticholinergic medication therapy and clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). The second group (Group 2) consisted of 35 patients who were treated only with anticholinergic medication therapy and CIC. Bowel management included daily enema, laxative application, and a special diet, with a view to treating constipation and accompanying fecal incontinence, that was estimated on the basis of Roma III criteria and echosonographically determined transversal rectal diameter. The effects of the administered bowel management on urinary incontinence were assessed according to the mean dry interval between two CICs for all patients. The effects of the administered bowel management on urinary infections were estimated on the basis of the number of urinary infections before and after the administered therapy. Regarding the quality of life, we used a Kindle questionnaire for children and parents in order to determine the overall quality of life, but also the various aspects of the quality of children’s life (physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-confidence, family, friends, school, disease). The test score ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 is the lowest, and 100 the highest quality of life. The follow-up period of every patient was one year...

Objective. Evaluation of the efficiency of practicing step-by-step (SBS) BLS/AED (basic life support/automatic external defibrillator) sequence by emergency medical technicians (EMT) and ambulance drivers (AD) working in medical transport teams. Methods. A prospective two-month study was conducted in which EMTs and ADs working in medical transport teams performed their regular 4-hour annual training (1 h of lectures, 1.5 h of practical training and 1.5 h of testing). Each participant performed SBS of BLS/AED sequences in front of a three-member team of instructors. The implementation of BLS/AED sequence was evaluated by scoring from 0 to 2 (0 - not, 1 - partially, 2 - properly), separately for EMI's, ADs and in total. The final analysis compared a properly implemented SBS sequence (S1-S36) of actions: IA initial assessment (S1-S10), BLS (S11-S18), AED (S19-S25), RP - recovery position (S26-532) and FBAO - foreign body airway obstruction (S33-S36) for use by the BLS/AED between EMTs and ADs. The criterion for a completed regular training was at least 47 (65.0%) of the total number of points won for properly implemented procedures. Results. The study involved 31 EMTs and 63 Ads, regardless of gender and average age, with EMTs having slightly longer work experience (p>0.05). The results of our study show that EMTs are more skilled at IA, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and AED, whereas ADs were better at implementing RP and performing the Heimlich maneuver (p LT 0.001). Conclusion. Although EMTs and ADs implement SBS BLS/AED procedures correctly and satisfactorily in more than 65.0%, future research should focus on finding more efficient, shorter and cheaper BLS/AED trainings.

Uvod: Cilj studije je bio da se ispita povezanost cistatina C (CisC) i biohemijskih markera metabolizma kosti i mineralne kostane gustine, kao i da se proceni prognostički značaj CisC kod starijih muskaraca sa hroničnom srčanom insuficijencijom (HSI). Metode: Ovo istraživanje je prospektivna studija kohorte koju je činilo sezdeset osam muskaraca (prosečne starosti 68±7 godina života) sa blagom do umerenom HSI i 19 zdravih osoba odgovarajuce starosti i indeksa telesne mase. Svi ispitanici su podvrgnuti proceni kardiovaskularnog sistema, mineralne kostane gustine i telesnog sastava. Biohemijska merenja kod svih ispitanika su uključivala određivanje NTpro-BNP paratiroidnog hormona (PTH), 25-hidroksi vitamina D (25 (OH) D), CisC i biohemijskih markera metabolizma kosti, uključujuci osteokalcin (OC), alkalnu fosfatazu (ALP), beta-CrossLaps (b-CTx), osteoprotegerin (OPG) i ligand za receptor aktivator nuklearnog faktora B (RANKL). Rezultati: Serumski CisC je značajno povecan u muskaraca sa HSI u poređenju sa nivoom kod zdravih osoba. Značajna pozitivna povezanost detektovana je između nivoa CisC i OC kod muskaraca sa HSI, i vrednosti OC i b-CTx su povecane kod pacijenata u rastucim CisC tercijarima. U multivarijantnoj regresionoj analizi je pokazano da su OC i pusenje značajne determinante nivoa CisC kod muškaraca sa HSI. Nivo CisC je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa povecanim rizikom za mortalitet kod muškaraca sa HSI. Zaključak: Serumski osteokalcin je nezavisan prediktor nivoa CisC kod starijih muškaraca sa HSI. Povecan nivo CisC je pokazao negativnu povezanost sa preživljanjem i gubitkom kosti kod muškaraca sa HSI. Potrebno je da buduca istraživanja potvrde potencijalnu ulogu CisC u komunikaciji između srca, bubrega, kosti i energetskog metabolizma u hroničnoj srčanoj insuficijenciji., Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the association of Cystatin C (CysC) to biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mass, and to evaluate its prognostic significance in elderly males with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: A prospective cohort study was executed on sixtyeight males (mean age 68±7 years) with mild to moderate CHF, together with 19 of corresponding ageand body mass index-matched healthy individuals who underwent cardiovascular, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition assessment. Biochemical assessment of all subjects included NT-pro-BNP, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(O h )D), CysC, and biochemical markers of bone turnover including osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), b-CrossLaps (b-CTx), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor k B ligand (RANKL). Results: Serum CysC was significantly increased in males with CHF in comparison to healthy control ones. A significant positive association was found between CysC levels and OC in males with CHF, while OC and b-CTx increased in increasing CysC tertiles. In multivariate regression analysis, OC and smoking were a significant determinant of CysC in males with CHF Level of CysC was found to be positively associated with an increased fatal risk in males with CHF. Conclusions: Serum osteocalcin is an independent predictor of CysC level in elderly males with CHF. Higher CysC level showed a negative relation to survival and bone loss in males with CHF. Further research is needed to confirm the potential role of CysC in the crosstalk between heart, kidney, bone, and energy metabolism in CHF.

Uvod/Cilj. Dijabetesna nefropatija predstavlja jedan od vodećih uzroka hronične bubrežne bolesti i terminalne bubrežne insuficijencije. Zastupljena je kod 20%-40% bolesnika sa dijabetes melitusom, a kao prvi znak dijabetesne nefropatije još uvek se smatra mikroalbuminurija. Niska senzitivnost i specifičnost mikroalbuminurije su doveli do ispitivanja novih urinarnih biomarkera koji bi mogli biti rani pokazatelji postojanja dijabetesne nefropatije. Ova studija spovedena je da bi se utvrdilo da li urinarni transferin može biti rani marker dijabetesne nefropatije. Metode. U našu studiju bilo je uključeno 80 bolesnika sa tipom 2 dijabetesa, podeljenih u dve grupe: grupa 1 - normoalbuminurični bolesnici (ekskrecija albumina do 30 mg/dan); grupa 2 - mikroalbuminurični (ekskrecija albumina od 30-300 mg/dan) i 10 zdravih osoba. Svi bolesnici bili su stariji od 18 godina, imali su dijabetes melitus duže od jedne godine i jačinu glomerulske filtracije veću od 60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Svim bolesnicima određivan je nivo serumskog kreatinina, glikozilovanog hemoglobina i transferina u urinu. Koncentracija transferina određivana je u 24 časovnom uzorku urina i u prvom jutarnjem urinu primenom visoko senzitivnog ELISA kita. Rezultati. Koncentracija urinarnog transferina bila je značajno veća kod bolesnika koji su imali mikroalbuminuriju u poređenju sa bolesnicima koji su bili normoalbuminurični i zdravim osobama, a Pearson-ov koeficijent korelacije bio je r = 0,584 (p LT 0,001). Nismo dobili povezanost između nivoa urinarnog transferina i glikoregulacije, kao ni nivoa transferina i dužine trajanja dijabetesa. Zaključak. Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da bi urinarni transferin mogao biti rani marker dijabetesne nefropatije., Background/Aim. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. It occurs in 20%-40% of patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria is still considered as the first sign of diabetic nephropathy. Low sensitivity and specificity of microalbuminuria lead to more sensitive biomarkers that may be used to detect diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage with a higher accuracy. This study was carried out to determine whether urinary transferrin can serve as an indicator of diabetic nephropathy. Methods. Our study included 80 type 2 diabetic patients who were classified into two groups: group 1 - normoalbuminuric patients (albumin excretion up to 30 mg/d); group 2 - microalbuminuric patients (albumin excretion from 30-300 mg/d), and 10 healthy controls. All patients were older than 18, having the diabetic disease more than one year, glomerular filtration rate more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Serum creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and concentration of transferrin in the 24 h urine samples as well as in spot urine were measured using a highly sensitive one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay kit. Results. Urinary transferrin was significantly higher in the microalbuminuric patients than in the normoalbuminuric ones and healthy control subjects. When comparing these goups according to the urinary transferrin concentration, we found a statistically significant positive correlation r = 0.584 (p LT 0.001). There was no correlation between level of urinary transferrin and glycoregulation, and no correlation was found between transferrin and duration of diabetes. Conclusions. The results from this study provide the evidence that the urinary transferrin levels could be used as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy.

Background: The World Bank (WB) acknowledged the importance of business regulatory environment and therefore created a metric which ranks 190 countries based on their level of business regulation for domestic firms measured by the Doing Business Index (DBI). Objectives: The question which attracted our attention is whether all the observed entities should be given the same weighting scheme. Methods/Approach: The approach we propose as an answer is two-fold. First, we cluster the countries covered by the DBI. In the next step, we apply the statistical multivariate Composite I-distance Indicator (CIDI) methodology to determine new, data-driven weights for each of the retained clusters. Results: The obtained results show that there is a difference between the weighting schemes proposed by the CIDI methodology. Conclusions: One can argue that one weighting scheme does not fit all the observed countries, meaning that additional analyses on the DBI are suggested to explore its stability and its weighting scheme.

Osnovni predmet istraživanja u disertaciji je analiza metodologije daljinskog uzorkovanja s aspekta prikupljanja i pripreme podataka u formu pogodnu za obradu, i posebno obrade podataka statističkim metodama u svrhu klasifikacije, sa ciljem identifikacije određenih pojava. Poseban akcenat istraživanja je predlaganje metodologije za definisanje zone osetljivosti pri klasifikaciji pojava, primarmo pomoću statističkih metoda multivarijacione analize. Daljinsko uzorkovanje se najčešće opisuje kao naučna oblast i tehnika za prikupljanje informacija o objektu (najčešće Zemljinoj površini) bez dolaženja u kontakt sa njim. Sprovodi se uzorkovanjem (očitavanjem) putem beleženja reflektovane ili emitovane energije (elektromagnetno zračenje, akustičnost, itd.) objekta, procesiranjem, analiziranjem i primenom informacija. Danas, daljinsko uzorkovanje je prepoznata interdisciplinarna oblast širom sveta. Često je uparena sa disciplinama obrade slika i geografskog informacionog sistema (GIS) za široku oblast geospatijalne nauke i tehnologije, te se u disertaciji čini osvrt na povezanost GIS-a i daljinskog uzorkovanja, gde je GIS nezaobilazan alat u analizi prostornih podataka. Svaka digitalna slika je sastavljena od piksela, koji čine najsitnije komponente jedne slike i koji imaju svoju osvetljenost i zabeležni spektar boja, a koje možemo smatrati pojedinačnim entitetima statističkog uzorka koji predstavlja sama slika. U disertaciji je od posebnog značaja klasifikacija daljinski uzorkovanih podataka i koristi se da identifikuje i klasifikuje delove ili piksele slike. Klasifikacija se izvodi na višestrukim skupovima podataka a cilj je dodeljivanje svakog piksela slike određenoj klasi na osnovu statističkih karakteristika intenziteta i obojenosti piksela. Termin multivarijaciona analiza se koristi da predstavi višedimenzionalni aspekt analize podataka. Mnogobrojne pojave i fenomeni opisani su većim brojem različitih promenljivih, a to se svakako odnosi i na podatke dobijene daljinsk, The main topic of the research in this dissertation is the analysis of remote sensing methodology from the aspect of collecting and preparing data in a form suitable for processing, and in particular data processing by the means of statistical methods for the purpose of classification, to identify certain phenomena. A particular emphasis of the research is to propose a methodology for defining the sensitivity zone in the classification of phenomena, primarily using statistical methods of multivariate analysis. Remote sensing is typically described as a scientific field and technique for collecting information about an object (usually the Earth's surface) without being in direct contact with the object. It is carried out by sampling through recording reflected or emitted energy (electromagnetic radiation, acoustics, and others) of the object, processing, analysing, and applying the information. Today, remote sensing is recognized as an interdisciplinary field all over the world. It is often paired with image processing disciplines and a geographic information system (GIS) for a vast area of geospatial science and technology, hence, in this dissertation a link between GIS and remote sensing is described, where GIS is a necessary tool in spatial data analysis. Each digital image is composed of pixels, which are the smallest components of a single image and have their brightness and a color spectrum recorded, which we can consider as individual entities of a statistical sample representing the image. In this dissertation, the classification of remotely-sensed data is of particular importance and is used to identify and classify parts or the pixels of the image. The classification is performed on multiple data sets, and the goal is to assign each pixel of an image to a particular class based on the statistical characteristics of the intensity and color of the pixels. The term multivariate analysis is used to present a multidimensional aspect of data analysis. Numerous ph

Znanje je dominantan činilac savremene digitalne ekonomije koja je nastala digitalnom transformacijom tradicionalnih načina poslovanja..., Knowledge is a dominant factor in the contemporary digital economy which has been created through the digital transformation of traditional forms of business. The new economy, which is characterized by constant and fast changes, requires changes in the education system as well...

Cardiovascular calcifications (CVC) are present in up to 70% of non-diabetic dialysis patients. Sparse data are available on predictors of very long-term outcomes of such patients. The Belgrade Aachen Study on Calcification in Hemodialysis patients (BASCH study) aimed to study this using a comprehensive CVC assessment. We prospectively analyzed 220 hemodialysis patients followed for a mean of 76 months (median 73 months, range 6-160 months). We compared patients deceased from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and survivors. Analyses included composite calcification scores (determined by combining ultrasound and X-ray analyses), demographic, clinical and laboratory data and pulse wave velocity (PWV). For survival analysis, patients were divided into group according to quartiles (Q). Compared to survivors, deceased patients from CVD were significantly older, more frequently hypertensive, had shorter dialysis times per week and lower Kt/V values, and they exhibited lower serum fetuin A, osteoprotegerin and hemoglobin as well as higher CRP levels. Composite calcification and Adragao scores were significantly higher in deceased patients from CVD as was PWV. Mean survival was 101 +/- 47 months (Q1), 87 +/- 51 month (Q2), 66 +/- 48 (Q3) and 54 +/- 45 months (Q4), p = 0.000. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that independent predictors for cardiovascular mortality were composite calcification score in the range of third and fourth quartiles. Composite calcification score emerged as significant predictors of long-term survival in our group of largely non-diabetic dialysis patient population, finding that should be confirmed by intervention studies.