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There is limited data on the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with recurrent in-stent restenosis (R-ISR).To compare the long-term outcomes of patients treated with either a thin-strut drug-eluting stent (thin-DES) or a drug-eluting balloon (DEB) for R-ISR in a drug-eluting stent (DES).A multicenter DEB-DRAGON registry was used to retrospectively identify patients with R-ISR who received either a thin-DES or a DEB. Propensity score matching was applied to adjust for baseline differences. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR).Out of 311 patients (mean age, 67 years; 63% male) with R-ISR, 86 (27.7%) were treated with a thin-DES and 225 (72.3%) with a DEB. Median follow-up was 2.6 years. TLR occurred in 18 (20.9%) patients who received thin-DES and 61 (27.1%) patients treated with DEB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.98; log-rank P = 0.04). The difference remained significant in a propensity score-matched cohort of 57 patients treated with thin-DES and 57 patients treated with a DEB (17.5 vs. 33.3%, respectively; HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17-0.86; P = 0.01). The risks of device-oriented adverse cardiac events and all-cause mortality were similar after thin-DES or DEB in both unadjusted and propensity score-matched cohorts. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, the treatment with a thin-DES was an independent predictor of a TLR-free survival (HR, 0.33; 95% CI 0.13-0.84; P = 0.02).In patients with R-ISR implantation of a thin-DES is associated with a lower risk of repeated revascularization compared with angioplasty with a DEB.

Low operator and institutional volume are associated with poorer procedural and long-term clinical outcomes in the general population of patients treated with percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).To assess the relationship between operator experience and procedural outcomes of patients treated with PCI and rotational atherectomy (RA).Data for conducting the current analysis were obtained from the national registry of percutaneous coronary interventions (ORPKI) maintained in cooperation with the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions (AISN) of the Polish Cardiac Society. The study covers data from January 2014 to December 2020.During the investigated period, there were 162 active CathLabs, at which 747,033 PCI procedures were performed by 851 operators (377 RA operators [44.3%]). Of those, 5188 were PCI with RA procedures; average 30 ± 61 per site/7 years (Me: 3; Q1-Q3: 0-31); 6 ± 18 per operator/7 years (Me: 0; Q1-Q3: 0-3). Considering the number of RA procedures annually performed by individual operators during the analyzed 7 years, the first quartile totaled (Q1: =2.57), the second (Q2: =5.57), and the third (Q3: =11.57), while the fourth quartile was (Q4: 11.57). The maximum number of procedures was 39.86 annually per operator. We demonstrated, through a nonlinear relationship with annualized operator volume and risk-adjusted, that operators performing more PCI with RA per year (fourth quartile) have a lower number of the overall periprocedural complications (p = 0.019).High-volume RA operators are related to lower overall periprocedural complication occurrence in patients treated with RA in comparison to low-volume operators.

Basic life support (BLS) is one of the most efficient ways to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims’ outcomes. Resuscitation initiated by a random witness of OHCA is essential to increase the chances of survival. To assess the impact of BLS training in cardiac patients on knowledge about first aid for OHCA. The study group consisted of 68 participants who completed a questionnaire prior to BLS training. Forty-three of them then filled out the same questionnaire again after the BLS course. Participants’ knowledge was assessed with a self-designed questionnaire, which comprised 41 questions divided into six domains, namely legal aspects, resuscitation technique, resuscitation algorithm, knowledge about using an automated external defibrillator (AED), “calling for help” knowledge and identifying sudden cardiac arrest. The average score before the BLS course was lower compared with final results (43.8% ± 15.6% vs. 68.6% ± 22.7% [% of max. score], p = 0.001). The best scores, both before and after the BLS course, were gained in the “calling for help” knowledge (79.5% ± 33.5% vs. 80.4% ± 17.4% [% of max. score], p = 0.5) and “knowledge about using AEDs” domains (62.4% ± 35.2% vs. 74.7% ± 29.3% [% of max. score], p = 0.1). Patients who completed first aid courses gained better scores in the “knowledge about using an AED” domain (93.3% ± 14.9% vs. 58.6% ± 35.4% [% of max. score], p = 0.02). No differences between the other domains and overall scores were reported (total score: 48% ± 12% vs. 42% ± 17.5% [% of max. score], p = 0.5). General knowledge about BLS is poor. BLS training in cardiac patients improves knowledge about first aid for OHCA. Education and hands-on training are crucial to improve outcomes.

Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with rotational atherectomy (RA) have massively calcified coronary arteries and their prognosis differs between sexes.The aim of the study was to evaluate the trends in the percentage of sexes in the subsequent years, to compare demographic characteristics between men and women, and to identify factors associated with the risk of periprocedural complications and death.We analyzed data on 751 113 patients treated with PCI between 2014 and 2020 from the Polish National Registry of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (ORPKI). We extracted data on 5 177 (0.7%) patients treated with RA of whom 3 552 (68.6%) were men. To determine risk factors of periprocedural complications and death, a multivariable analysis was performed.The proportion of PCIs involving RA increased between 2014 and 2020 (P0.001). Almost twice as many RA procedures were performed on men (68.55%), and that proportion did not change in the following years. The female patients were older (75.2 [8.3] vs. 70.5 [9.2] years; P0.001). When considering periprocedural complications, their overall rate (3.45% vs. 2.31%; P = 0.01) and death rate (0.68% vs. 0.17%; P = 0.006) were greater among women. Also, via multivariable analysis, female sex was found to be a risk factor for greater periprocedural mortality (P = 0.02) and overall complication rate (P = 0.007).The majority of patients treated with RA are men and sex-related distribution was stable during the analyzed period. Female sex is a risk factor for greater periprocedural complications and mortality in patients treated with RA.

Introduction Patients treated within chronic total occlusions (CTO) using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at increased risk of periprocedural complications. Aim To assess the frequency of periprocedural complications with particular emphasis on coronary artery perforations (CAPs) among patients treated with PCIs stratified according to CTOs and their predictors. Material and methods Based on a nationwide registry (ORPKI), we analysed 535,853 patients treated with PCI between 2014 and 2018. The study included 12,572 (2.34%) patients treated with CTO PCI. We compared CTO PCI to a non-CTO PCI group before and after propensity score matching (PSM). Multifactorial mixed regression models were used to assess predictors of periprocedural complications and CAPs which occurred within the catheterization laboratory. Results Frequencies of all periprocedural complications (2.75% vs. 1.93%, p < 0.001) and CAP (0.72% vs. 0.16%, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the CTO PCI group. Multifactorial regression analysis performed in the all-comers group of patients treated with PCI showed that PCI within CTO was related to a higher CAP rate (odds ratio (OR) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.68–2.82, p < 0.001). After PSM, we extracted 5,652 patients treated within CTO and 5,652 patients with non-CTO PCI. CTO PCI was also related to a higher frequency of CAPs (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.11–3.31, p = 0.01). Conclusions The frequency of periprocedural complications and CAPs remained stable during the assessed period of time. CTO PCI was confirmed to be among the predictors of increased CAP rate in the overall group of patients treated within CTO.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the most perilous complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). For years, the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has had to be achieved before the patient could be treated at the catheterization laboratory, as simultaneous manual chest compression and angiography were mutually exclusive. Mechanical chest compression devices enabled simultaneous resuscitation and invasive percutaneous procedures. The aim was to characterize the poorer responders that would allow one to predict the positive outcome of such a treatment. We retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of 94 patients with SCA due to AMI, who underwent mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation during angiography. In total, 48 patients, 8 (17%) of which survived the event, were included in the final analysis, which revealed that 83% of the survivors had mild to moderate hyperkalemia (potassium 5.0–6.0 mmol/L), in comparison to 15% of non-survivors (p = 0.002). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, patients with serum potassium > 5.0 mmol/L had 4.61-times higher odds of survival until discharge from the hospital (95% CI: 1.41–15.05, p = 0.01). Using the highest Youden index, we identified the potassium concentration of 5.1 mmol/L to be the optimal cut-off value for prediction of survival until hospital discharge (83.3% sensitivity and 87.9% specificity). The practical implications of these findings are that patients with potassium levels between 5.0 and 6.0 mmol/L may actually benefit most from percutaneous coronary interventions with ongoing mechanical chest compressions and that they do not need immediate correction for this electrolyte abnormality.

Objectives: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for endometrial cancer. The negative impact of individual parameters of obesity on the procedural effects of endometrial cancer surgical treatment has been suggested. The aim of the current study was to estimate the relationship of particular parameters of obesity and in-hospital outcomes in patients treated surgically due to endometrial cancer. Material and methods: The study included 70 women treated surgically for endometrial cancer. Pre-operatively, mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and selected anatomical indices were measured. The duration of surgery, hospitalisation, and the loss of haemoglobin served as parameters of in-hospital procedure success. Also, procedural-related complications were estimated. Results: There were 37 (52.8%) obese females in the current study. They were obese patients presenting more advanced clinical stages of endometrial cancer before operation. The duration of operation (94.9 ± 21.6 min. vs. 76.1 ± 13.5 min., p < 0.0001), hospitalisation (12.4 ± 3.4 days vs. 10 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.0009) and haemoglobin loss (2.5 ± 0.9 g/dL vs. 1.9 ± 0.8 g/dL, p = 0.004) were significantly greater in obese patients. Multivariate analysis, among the independent predictors of the duration of operation, has confirmed the correlation between BMI, waist circumference and weight and the duration of hospitalisation. Waist and hip circumference and BMI coupled with external conjugate dimension and intertrochanteric distance have been linked with haemoglobin loss. The strongest correlation for the duration of operation, hospitalisation and haemoglobin loss was noticed for waist circumference (r = 0.7, r = 0.57 and r = 0.59). Conclusions: Waist circumference and BMI are strong predictors of in-hospital outcomes among patients with endometrial cancer treated via traditional surgical operation.

Background: This study is to assess differences in periprocedural outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and rotational atherectomy (RA). Methods: Under assessment were 221,187 patients from the Polish Cardiovascular Intervention Society national registry (ORPKI) including all PCIs performed in Poland in 2015 and 2016. Data was extracted of 975 patients treated with RA — 336 (34.5%) diabetics and 639 (65.5%) non-diabetics. Periprocedural complications were defined as overall rate or particular complications such as deaths, no-reflows, perforations, dissections, cerebral strokes or bleedings. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess predictors of periprocedural complications. Results: The mean age was similar in diabetics and non-diabetics (70.9 ± 9.0 vs. 72.1 ± 9.9; p = 0.06). Diabetics were more often females (p < 0.01), with arterial hypertension (p < 0.01), kidney failure (p < 0.01) and prior myocardial infarction (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in overall or individual periprocedural complications and angiographic success was expressed as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3 flow after PCI. At baseline, de-novo lesions accounted for 96.5% in diabetics and 99% in non-diabetics (p < 0.01), while overall rate of restenosis was 3.5% and 1%, respectively (p < 0.01). Diabetes was an independent predictor of periprocedural complications in the overall group of patients treated with PCI (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.194; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The negative impact of diabetes on the incidence of periprocedural complications and angiographic effectiveness in the group of patients treated with RA is mitigated in the comparison to the non-RA group.

The aim of the presented study was to assess the relationship between air pollution expressed as particulate air matters less than 10 μm (PM10) and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this observational study, we selected regions with low pollution according to PM10 (non-polluted) and with the highest pollution (polluted). The occurrence of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with ACSs was matched according to the location. The current study included 7678 patients in polluted areas and 4327 patients from non-polluted regions. Analysing the period from January to December 2017, the number of patients undergoing angioplasty in monitored catheterization laboratories and the mean daily concentration of PM10 in all selected cities were calculated for each day. The annual average concentration of PM10 amounts to 50.95 μg/m3 in polluted and 26.62 μg/m3 in non-polluted cities (P 10 pollution levels was related with the increased frequency of PCIs in patients with ACSs in polluted (P P 10 concentration by every 1 μg/m3 causes 0.22 additional ACS angioplasties per week. In polluted regions, the same increase in PM10 concentration causes 0.18 additional ACS angioplasties per week. In non-winter weeks, the mean number of ACS PCIs expressed in promiles was lower than in winter weeks in polluted (P = 0.03) and non-polluted cities (P = 0.02). The study shows that the increase in air pollution expressed as PM10 concentration and winter time influences the frequency of ACS-related PCIs.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective method for the treatment ofcoronary artery disease (CAD) that allows for a short hospital stay and fast recovery. It has been shown that PCI is a predictor of nonattendance at cardiac rehabilitation and correlates with poor adherence to lifestyle changes. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the influence of education offered during PCI‑related hospitalization on knowledge, awareness, and prevalence of self‑reported risk factors for CAD. Methods: We collected data using a self‑designed 56‑item questionnaire. Questions assessed the knowledge of CAD risk factors and the level of their control. The maximal knowledge score was 31 points and the maximal control score, 15 points. Results: The study group consisted of 200 consecutive patients undergoing PCI. Patients with a history of PCI performed at least 8 weeks prior to their current hospitalization were included in the prior‑PCI group (64%), whereas the pre‑PCI group comprised patients with no history of revascularization (36%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) knowledge score was 19 (12.5–23) points in the pre‑PCI and 21 (12.5–24) points in the prior‑PCI group (P = 0.35). The median (IQR) risk control score was 5 (4.5–7) points in the pre‑PCI and 6 (4–8) points in the prior‑PCI group (P = 0.4). There was no correlation between the level of knowledge and the actual prevalence of CAD risk factors. We found that 50% of the prior‑PCI patients did not attend any rehabilitation, which correlated with poor control of CAD risk factors (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Currently used models of postprocedural education do not have an adequate effect on patient knowledge and do not bring recommended lifestyle changes.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Existen pocos estudios que comparen los accesos por la radial izquierda (ARI) y por la radial derecha en intervenciones coronarias percutaneas (ICP) en poblacion general y practicadas por cirujanos con diferentes grados de experiencia en intervencionismo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es comparar la seguridad y el beneficio clinico con cada acceso en pacientes no seleccionados con sindrome coronario agudo (SCA) y angina estable (AE). Metodos Para evitar los posibles sesgos de un estudio no aleatorizado, se uso la puntuacion de propension para comparar ambos accesos radiales. Se recogieron datos de 18.716 pares con AE y 46.241 con SCA sometidos a ICP con implante de stent entre 2014 y 2017, en 151 centros terciarios con cardiologia intervencionista en Polonia (registro nacional de Polonia [ORPKI]). Resultados No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a mortalidad y complicaciones periprocedimiento en AE. El ARI se asocio con mayores dosis de radiacion independientemente de la presentacion clinica (AE, 1.067,0 ± 947,10 frente a 1.007,4 ± 983,5 mGy; p = 0,001; SCA, 1.212,7 ± 1.005,5 frente a 1.053,5 ± 1.029,7 mGy; p = 0,001). En los pacientes con SCA, el ARI se asocio con mayor cantidad de contraste (174,2 ± 75,4 frente a 167,2 ± 72,1 ml; p = 0,001). Ademas, en los pacientes con SCA y ARI, las complicaciones periprocedimiento como diseccion coronaria (el 0,16 frente al 0,09%; p = 0,008), fenomeno de no reflow (el 0,65 frente al 0,49%; p = 0,005) y hemorragia en el sitio de puncion (el 0,09 frente al 0,05%; p = 0,04) resultaron mas frecuentes. No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad entre los 2 grupos (p = 0,90). Conclusiones Los resultados que se presentan podrian estar en relacion con una menor experiencia en el ARI. Ambos accesos son seguros en los pacientes con AE, pero el ARI se asocio con una mayor frecuencia de complicaciones periprocedimiento de ICP en el SCA.

Background: Whereas the efficacy and safety of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) have been confirmed in de novo calcified coronary lesions, little is known about its utility in treating stent underexpansion. This study aimed to investigate the impact of IVL in treating stent underexpansion. Methods and Results: Consecutive patients with stent underexpansion treated with IVL entered the multicenter IVL-Dragon Registry. The procedural success (primary efficacy endpoint) was defined as a relative stent expansion >80%. Thirty days device-oriented composite endpoint (DOCE) (defined as a composite of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization, or target vessel myocardial infarction) was the secondary endpoint. A total of 62 patients were enrolled. The primary efficacy endpoint was achieved in 72.6% of patients. Both stent underexpansion 58.5% (47.5–69.7) vs. 11.4% (5.8–20.7), p < 0.001, and the stenotic area 82.6% (72.4–90.8) vs. 21.5% (11.1–37.2), p < 0.001, measured by quantitative coronary angiography improved significantly after IVL. Intravascular imaging confirmed increased stent expansion following IVL from 37.5% (16.0–66.0) to 86.0% (69.2–90.7), p < 0.001, by optical coherence tomography and from 57.0% (31.5–77.2) to 89.0% (85.0–92.0), p = 0.002, by intravascular ultrasound. Secondary endpoint occurred in one (1.6%) patient caused by cardiac death. There was no target lesion revascularization or target vessel myocardial infarction during the 30-day follow-up. Conclusions: In this real-life, largest-to-date analysis of IVL use to manage underexpanded stent, IVL proved to be an effective and safe method for facilitating stent expansion and increasing luminal gain.

IntroductionMyocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), infective myocarditis (IM) and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) of anterior wall being a heterogeneous group, may occur in very similar clinical presentations. In this study, it was aimed to compare the prognosis and identify predictors of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and all-cause mortality in these groups of patients.Material and methodsAt 2 Polish Academic Cardiology Centres among 596 patients, we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes in 4 groups: MINOCA (318, 53.3%), TTC (31, 5.2%), IM (22, 3.7%) and STEMI (225, 37.7%). MACCE were defined as myocardial infarction (MI), revascularisation (either percutaneous or surgical), all-cause death and stroke/transient ischemic attacks. Survival curves were presented using Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared using log-rank test.ResultsKaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that in the 3-year follow-up period, patients with anterior wall STEMI were at the highest risk of MACCE (p < 0.001). During the follow-up period, the greatest mortality rate was observed in the TTC group, however, this was without statistical significance. Multivariable regression analysis showed that long-term mortality was significantly related to age (p < 0.001), creatinine level (p < 0.001), platelet count (p < 0.001), white blood cells (p < 0.001) and hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.001).ConclusionsDuring the 3 years of follow-up, anterior wall STEMI had significantly poorer prognosis in terms of MACCE when compared to the TTC, IM and MINOCA groups. TTC was related to the greatest all-cause mortality, however, without statistical significance.

The left circumflex (LCx) artery is the most diagnostically challenging of the coronary branches in terms of diagnostics because the clinical presentation and electrocardiography (ECG) do not always suggest critical occlusion despite its presence. Therefore, it is important to determine the factors contributing to the clinical manifestation and outcome, such as the culprit location.To determine the relationship between the location of the culprit plaque and clinical outcomes in the LCx artery.Data from the Polish Registry of Invasive Cardiology Procedures (ORPKI) from the years 2019-2020 concerning percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures were extracted and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.97 899 clinical records were analyzed. Patients with proximal occlusion received a worse grade using the Killip classification. Patients with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score 0 had worse clinical presentation in each of the occlusion locations. The periprocedural cardiac arrest and death rates were the highest among patients with proximal circumflex (Cx) occlusion. The death rate among patients with proximal occlusion and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was greater than among patients with distal occlusion and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Among patients with proximal occlusions of the Cx artery and TIMI 0 grade flow on initial angiogram, a STEMI-like approach should be undertaken apart from initial ECG findings. This is driven by a higher rate of critical and fatal complications such as cardiac arrest and periprocedural death. Fatal complications occur more often in patients with proximal occlusion of Cx than in medial or distal occlusion. Grade IV according to the Killip classification can suggest a proximal culprit location.

Transradial coronaro-angiography (TRA) can be performed with one catheter. We investigate the efficacy of four different DxTerity catheter curves dedicated to the single-catheter technique and compare this method to the standard two-catheter approach. For this prospective, single-blinded, randomized pilot study, we enrolled 100 patients. In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, the DxTerity catheters Trapease, Ultra, Transformer and Tracker Curve, respectively, were used. In group 5 (control), standard Judkins catheters were used. The study endpoints were the percentage of optimal stability, proper ostial artery engagement and a good quality angiogram, the duration of each procedure stage, the amount of contrast, and the radiation dose. The highest rate of optimal stability was observed in groups 2 (90%) and 5 (95%). Suboptimal results with at least one episode of catheter fallout from the ostium were most frequent in group 1 (45%). The necessity of using another catheter was observed most frequently in group 4. The analysis of time frames directly depending on the catheter type revealed that the shortest time for catheter introduction and for searching coronary ostia was achieved in group 2 (Ultra). There were no differences in contrast volume and radiation dose between groups. DxTerity catheters are suitable tools to perform TRA coronary angiography. The Ultra Curve catheter demonstrated an advantage over other catheters in terms of its ostial stability rate and procedural time.

Background and Objectives: Pregnant women are more likely to develop a more severe course of COVID-19 than their non-pregnant peers. There are many arguments for the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review concerning the approach of pregnant women towards vaccination against COVID-19, with particular regard to determinants of vaccination acceptance. Materials and Methods: Articles were reviewed in which the aim was to evaluate—via a survey or questionnaire—the acceptance and decision to undergo vaccination against COVID-19. The articles were subjected to review according to recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). Results: In various studies, the percentage of pregnant women accepting the COVID-19 vaccine was between 29.7% and 77.4%. The strongest factors co-existing with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy were trust in the importance and effectiveness of the vaccine, explicit communication about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant women, acceptance of other vaccinations such as those for influenza, belief in the importance of vaccines/mass vaccination in one’s own country, anxiety about COVID-19, trust in public health agencies/health science, as well as compliance to mask guidelines. The remaining factors were older age, higher education, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This review allowed us to show that geographic factors (Asian, South American countries) and pandemic factors (different threats and risks from infection) significantly influence the acceptance of vaccines. The most significant factors affecting acceptance are those related to public awareness of the risk of infection, vaccine safety, and the way in which reliable information about the need and safety of vaccines is provided. Professional and reliable patient information by obstetricians and qualified medical personnel would significantly increase the level of confidence in vaccination against COVID-19.

Background: Stroke related to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) is an infrequent complication, which can be potentially life-threatening and can lead to serious disability. Aims: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the type of coronary procedure and incidence of stroke, as well as its predictors. Methods: This retrospective analysis was performed on prospectively collected data gathered in the Polish National Registry of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (ORPKI) between January 2014 and December 2019 and included 1 177 161 coronary procedures. Among them, 650 674 patients underwent isolated diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA), and 526 487 PCI. Stroke was diagnosed in 157 patients (0.013%), of which 100 (0.015%) happened during DCA and 57 (0.011%) during PCI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to separate predictors of stroke in patients undergoing coronary angiography and PCI. Results: The percentage of patients with periprocedural stroke was higher in the group treated with isolated DCA during the analyzed time. Among predictors of stroke in patients undergoing DCA, we confirmed prior stroke (P