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The Leptophlebiidae family of mayflies is diverse, with over 640 species and 140 genera worldwide. One of its subfamilies, Terpidinae, is restricted to the Neotropical region and consists of three genera, including Fittkaulus, which have four South American species. This paper describes the male imago of F. cururuensis, which was previously unknown, based on specimens collected in streams in the Caatinga and Amazon Forest regions of northern and northeastern Brazil. It can be differentiate by having the following combination of characteristics: upper portions of eyes on short stalk; forewing with reddish brown macula; abdominal terga I–VIII with posterior and lateral margins washed with black; penes with proximal half fused, distal half with a globose lateral lobe, and with a long, apically pointed and tubular medial lobe.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described and illustrated, based on recent collections and specimens deposited in the Zoological Collection of Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), northern Brazil. Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and slightly directed laterally, and the penis lobes with a medial knob between them. Simothraulopsis rainori sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, mid-sized (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and ventrally directed with the apex bent outward, and the penis lobes fused in their basal 1/3, with a well-marked sclerotized region; each lobe is laterally swollen and protruding.

A new taxon of Hermanellonota or subtribe Hermanellina (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) was found from Northern Brazil, in the limits of Pacaraima in Brazil and Santa Helena de Uairén in Venezuela. While nymphs of this taxon are similar to those of the genus Farrodes, the adults could not be assigned to any of the genera included in the group. In order to clarify the systematic relationship of this taxon and to provide a reliable hypothesis concerning its generic placement, we analyzed it using an available matrix from the literature and performed a new cladistic analysis. As a result we describe Rondophlebia rubra gen. nov. et sp. nov. sister to the Perissophlebiodes complex + Hermanella complex. Our analyses also shed new insights on the systematics of Hermanellonota.

Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do Estado de Rondônia, Norte do Brasil. Uma lista preliminar das espécies de Baetidae para o estado de Rondônia é apresentada tendo como base estudos da literatura, adultos e ninfas recém coletados em 20 localidades. Previamente, apenas dez espécies de Baetidae pertencentes a cinco gêneros eram registradas para o estado. Incluindo os novos registros, o estado passa a conter 27 espécies de Baetidae pertencentes a 16 gêneros: Americabaetis, Apobaetis, Aturbina, Baetodes, Callibaetis, Camelobaetidius, Chane, Cloeodes, Corinnella, Cryptonympha, Guajirolus, Harpagobaetis, Paracloeodes, Rivudiva, Spiritiops e Waltzoyphius. Dois morfótipos não puderam ser identificados e duas espécies foram consideradas novas.

In stream ecosystems, waterfalls intercept the fluvial continuum and limit the dispersion of aquatic organisms. However, the barrier effect may be minimized or absent for insects whose life cycle is not restricted to the aquatic environment (i.e., winged adults), such as the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT). In this study, we investigated EPT diversity (abundance, richness, and composition) in savanna headwater streams (Cerrado Domain, Brazil) to investigate the hypothesis that large waterfalls have little effect on instream assemblage structure. During 2017 and 2018, we sampled EPTs and measured environmental conditions at reaches adjacent (downstream and upstream) to waterfalls (5 to 70 m high). We collected 2532 immature specimens of 33 genera, including the first record of 14 genera of Ephemeroptera, 11 Trichoptera, and three Plecoptera for the Tocantins State. Hydro-geomorphic and streambed conditions varied among sites, but they were not related to the presence of waterfalls. Assemblage structure was similar between downstream and upstream reaches, with no significant difference in taxa richness, abundance, and composition. This pattern was consistently observed considering all data combined, and each order separately. These results support the hypothesis that physical barriers have weak effects on EPT assemblages at small spatial scales, where strong dispersal and habitat similarity probably homogenizes the structure of local assemblages in stream corridors adjacent to large waterfalls. The study provides important information about factors driving the distribution of biodiversity in savanna streams, which are relevant to support conservation and management plans in the Brazilian Cerrado.

An annotated checklist with complementary information for leptophlebiid mayflies from Tocantins State, Brazil is provided. Additionally, we describe a new species of Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 based on male adults. New reports are based on collections conducted between August 2017 and August 2019 in 13 localities of 10 municipalities. A total of 436 adults distributed in 11 genera, 16 species and five morphospecies treated as undescribed species were collected. Of the total species examined, 11 are new records.

Triplocania Roesler, 1940 has a high rate of endemism per country, with only five species out of a total of 118 described species, occurring in more than one country. Brazil is the second most diverse country in terms of Triplocania species, with 34 species recorded. In this paper, Triplocania furcatoides González-Obando, Carrejo-Gironza & García Aldrete, 2017 was recorded for Brazil and new records of Triplocania furcata New, 1972 made for four Brazilian states (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima and Tocantins), thus decreasing Wallace shortfall of these two species.

skola emmerichi Domínguez, Molineri & Mariano, 2009 (Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae), new record from Roraima state, Brazil. Askola emmerich Domínguez, Molineri & Mariano, 2009 known to Colombia, Venezuela and to the state of Amazonas in Brazil is record for the fisrt time to state of Roraima.

The genus Stenhelmoides comprises 15 species spread over all Central and South America and its greatest species richness is clearly associated with Amazonian regions. Based on examination of type specimens and additional material, we describe and illustrate the true male genitalia of Stenhelmoides strictifrons, which had until now been incorrectly illustrated in the literature. We also report new records of the genus Stenhelmoides from Brazil and Guyana. In addition to pictures of the species’ habitus, we provide pictures of the type specimens of Stenhelmoides grandis, S. grouvellei, S. guyanensis; S. strictifrons and S. submaculus. Based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we recognize additional paralectotypes for S. guyanensis and for S. grouvellei. RESUMO O gênero Stenhelmoides compreende 15 espécies espalhadas por toda a América Central e do Sul e sua maior riqueza de espécies está claramente relacionada às regiões amazônicas. Com base no estudo de espécimes-tipo e material adicional, nós descrevemos e ilustramos a genitália verdadeira do macho de Stenhelmoides strictifrons, que, até então, estava representada de maneira equivocada na literatura. Nós também reportamos novos registros de Stenhelmoides para o Brasil e Guiana. Além de imagens do habitus das espécies, fornecemos fotografias dos espécimes-tipo de Stenhelmoides grandis, S. grouvellei, S. guyanensis; S. strictifrons e S. submaculus. De acordo com as regras e recomendações do Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, reconhecemos paralectótipos adicionais das espécies S. guyanensis e S. grouvellei.

The genus Camelobaetidius is the second most diverse genus of the family Baetidae in America. Also, two other genera were described as closely related to Camelobaetidius: Corinnella, and Tapajobaetis. A peculiar spatulate tarsal claw is the character shared among them. We used TNT (Tree analysis using New Technology) and GEM (Geographically explicit Event Model) to recover the phylogenic and biogeographic history of these genera. A matrix of 42 taxa and 77 morphological characters was constructed, of which 68 were treated as discrete and nonadditive (unordered), and eight as continuous. All available records of Camelobaetidius plus Corinnella, Tapajobaetis, and the species's outgroup were included in the biogeographic analysis. Corinnella and Tapajobaetis were obtained into Camelobaetidius and, therefore, are here considered junior synonyms. The founder events were the most frequent in this genus, followed by vicariance, sympatry and point sympatry. The long-distance dispersal ability in mayfly seems to be the rule instead of the exception in the history of this clade. Fil: Nieto Peñalver, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Boldrini, Rafael. Universidade Federal de Roraima. Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Gonzalez, Juan Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Pes, Ana Maria. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil Fil: Falcao Salles, Frederico. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Entomologia. Museu de Entomologia; Brasil

The genus Apobaetis Day is known by its small size and larval shifting-sand habitat preference (psammophilous). Three species of this genus are recorded in North America, from these, only Apobaetis lakota McCafferty needs to be redescribed because its original description is incomplete, turning difficult to distinguish it from species with similar morphology. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study is to redescribe A. lakota. Based on this redescription, two new species from Brazil, with similar morphology could be identified and are described (Apobaetis biancae sp. nov. and Apobaetis jacobusi sp. nov.). Apobaetis lakota can be differentiated by the labrum rectangular, distal margin without medial emargination, medial area of distal margin with three sockets of setae on dorsal surface; maxillary palp long, more than 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia, segment I with the same length as galea-lacinia; lingua subcircular with one medial lobe; glossa distally rounded; inner projection of labial palp segment II rounded and distally directed, segment III triangular; tarsal claws 1.3× the length of tarsus, without row of denticles. Apobaetis jacobusi sp. nov. can be differentiated from other species by fore tarsal claw I with the same length of tarsus, labrum medially with two protuberances and glossa with pointed apex. Apobaetis biancae sp. nov. can be differentiated by the absence of a ventral row of long thin setae near distolateral margin of labrum, four marginal spines on the paraproct, a subrectangular hypopharynx, and by the absence of robust setae on inner margin of the glossa.

Adults of Plecoptera of the family Perlidae were studied from seven municipalities of Roraima State, Brazil. One new species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein, 1909 was discovered and is described. We also report seven species of Anacroneuria Klapálek 1909 that represent two new country records for Brazil, A. caraca Stark, 1995 and A. cruza Stark, 1995, and five species, A. atrifrons Klapálek, 1922, A. blanca Stark, 1995, A. minuta Klapálek 1922, A. marlieri Froehlich 2001 and A. pictipes Klapálek 1923 that are new records for Roraima State. Additionally, we reported variant specimens of A. marlieri and A. minuta.

A new species of Macrelmis Motschulsky, 1859 (Macrelmis rodrigoi sp. nov.) is described and illustrated based on specimens found in mountainous areas of the northern Roraima State, Brazil. Pagelmis amazonica Spangler, 1981, Potamophilops bostrychophallus Maier, 2013 and Stegoelmis geayi Spangler, 1990 are recorded in Brazil for the first time and new records for Gyrelmis obesa Hinton, 1940, Macrelmis thorpei Hinton, 1945 and Neolimnius palpalis Hinton, 1939 are presented.

A família Sisyridae é a única exclusivamente aquática da ordem Neuroptera no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta os primeiros registros de espécies do gêneroClimacia McLachlan para o estado de Roraima. Os espécimes adultos foram coletados utilizando armadilhas do tipo lençol iluminado e Pennsylvania. Em seguida, os espécimes foram fixados em etanol 80% e transportados ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), onde ocorreu triagem e identificação utilizando estereomicroscópio. No estado de Roraima havia apenas o registro de Sisyra. Como resultados neste trabalho, encontraram-se quatro espécies para o gênero Climacia (C. basalis Banks, C. nota Parfin & Gurney, C. punctulata Flint e C. townesi Parfin & Gurney), que constituem, portanto, os primeiros registros para o estado de Roraima. Além disso, a espécie C. basalis tem seu primeiro registro para a região Norte do Brasil.

The Baetidae family is represented by 32 genera from the Neotropics. A new genus, Tapajobaetis , and a new species, T. labiosus , are described based on nymphs and adults from the Brazilian Amazon region. The nymph, with highly modified head and mouth parts is readily distinguished from other genera of this family by the following combination of characters: presence of fine, simple setae on scape and pedicel, labial and maxillary palpi elongated, hind wing pads vestigial, and claws spatulate, with about 140 denticles. Adults, on the other hand, are more similar to other Baetidae and are characterized by the absence of hind wings, anteronotal protuberance slightly truncate and genitalia with posterior margin of subgenital plate convex, forceps segment III elongate. The nymphs were found exclusively over leaves of Thurnia sphaerocephala (Thurniaceae), in areas with moderate currents, and possess modification in the labial palp, which seems to be adapted to collect fine material.

There are seven genera and eight species of mayflies recorded for Tocantins state, Brazil, but only three belonging to the family Leptophlebiidae. Based on male imagoes, Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov. is described from Tocantins state, Northern Brazil. The species is characterized by the male genitalia being short, lanceolate, with a straight spine and by the “U” shape between the penis lobes. Other distinguishing features are the brown thorax and yellowish brown abdomen.

Three species of Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966 have been reported from Colombia until now, based on nymphs. We describe a fourth species based on nymphs from the Colombian Orinoco river basin. The new species can be recognized by: 1) labrum narrowly rounded anteriorly; 2) segment II of labial palp with a short rounded distomedial projection; 3) incisors of right mandible with eleven denticles; 4) gills absent from the bases of coxae; 5) tarsal claws with ten denticles; 6) outer margin of forefemur with a row of about 23 long, spine-like setae; 7) posterior margin of tergum IV with truncate spines, and 8) terminal filament almost as long as cerci. [Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:500CF998-8EF3-43E3-BA8B-F062B92768F3]

A new species Coryphorus is presented, based on recent collections from Northeastern Brazil and specimens deposited in the Museu Regional de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFVB) and Coleção Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR). Coryphorus molinerii sp. nov. is described based on male imagos and can be distinguished by the penis with rounded margins and forceps with segment II narrow and sharpening towards apex. Besides, C. aquilus Peters, (1981) is reported for Tocantins State for the first time.

The genus Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) is represented by 23 species: two of them aredescribed based solely on nymphs, 10 based solely on male adults, and three based on nymphs and adults (Domínguez et al., 2006; Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2013, 2014; Raimundi et al., 2017). Currently, the genus is represented by six species in Roraima State, Brazil, all are described as adults but only one of them has the nymphal stage described (Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2013, 2014; Gama-Neto et al., 2018; Raimundi et al., 2017).

A new species of the rare genus Corinnella is described based on nymphs from the Rio Pindaíba, a river located close to the Cerrado - Amazonian border. The new species is more related to C. eximia than to C. thomasi, but can be distinguished from them by the following combination of characters: 1) distomedial emargination of labrum broad and with very small process; 2) maxillary palp 2.0× length of galea-lacinia; 3) posterior margin of terga I–IX with pointed spaced spines; 4) claws with four denticles.

The Roraima state in Brazil is part of Northern Amazon, an area harboring high biodiversity and high degree of endemism. Nevertheless, there are few studies on diversity of social wasps occurring in this region. This study presents a list of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) collected actively and using Malaise, Suspended and Light trap in six localities in Roraima state. A total of 85 species of 14 genera were collected. Fourty-five of these species are new distribution records to Roraima state, some species are not common found in the collections and lists of species, and some are recorded for the second time to Brazil or the Amazon region. This increase may be an indication that the Polistinae richness is probably higher in the regions studied and that Roraima may well contain a number of additional (as yet unrecorded) social wasp species. More comprehensive studies are needed in order to increase the knowledge of wasp species in Roraima, contributing to increased knowledge of the diversity in Northern Brazil.

The genus Caenis Stephens, 1835 is well represented in South America with 24 recorded species (14 in Brazil). Based on additional material from Brazil, we describe for the first time the nymphal and egg stages of C. reissi, and re-describe the eggs of C. cuniana. New distributional records for these species and Caenis elidioi are given, and C. teipunensis (previously described from Venezuela) is reported for the first time from Brazil.

The monotypic genus Corinnella Thomas & Dominique, 2006, was described based on nymphs from French Guyana, and since the original description nothing has been added to knowledge of its systematics. The aim of the present paper is to describe a new species of the genus from Northern Brazil, to improve its diagnoses, and to report the genus for the first time from Brazil. The new species can be recognized by: labrum with discernible anteromedial emargination and process; posterior margin of terga IV with rounded spines; and tarsal claw with seven to nine denticles, with the outer and inner denticles distinctly longer than the others.

Tortopus Needham & Murphy, 1924 and Tortopsis Molineri, 2010 with six and 10 species, respectively, are sister genera distributed in the Neartic and Neotropical regions. In spite that most species are known from the tropics of South America, only one species of each of these groups have been recorded from Brazil. Here we present distributional data expanding greatly the range of these groups including three new country records for Brazil: Tortopus igaranus Needham & Murphy, 1924, Tortopsis limoncocha Molineri, 2010 and Tortopsis spatula Molineri, 2010. We describe a distinct new species, Tortopus ipixuna sp. nov., from male imagos, that present a unique subrectangular pedestal. Additionally we redescribe the male imago of Tortopus harrisi Traver, 1950 (previously known only from the holotype), and we give the first records for Tortopsis canum Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian, 2011 from Espírito Santo and for Tortopsis spatula from Ecuador. Some variations in morphological structures of these species are also described, illustrated and discussed. Tortopus Needham & Murphy, 1924 e Tortopsis Molineri, 2010 com seis e 10 espécies, respectivamente, são gêneros irmãos distribuídos nas regiões Neártica e Neotropical. A despeito da maioria das espécies ser conhecida de áreas tropicais da América do Sul, apenas uma espécie de cada um dos gêneros foi registrada para o Brasil. No presente estudo apresentamos dados que expandem significativamente a distribuição desses grupos, incluindo três registros inéditos para o Brasil: Tortopus igaranus Needham & Murphy, 1924, Tortopsis limoncocha Molineri, 2010 e Tortopsis spatula Molineri, 2010. Descrevemos uma nova espécie, Tortopus ipixuna sp. nov., a partir de imagos que apresentam um distinto pedestal subretangular. Adicionalmente redescrevemos a imago macho de Tortopus harrisi Traver 1950 (previamente conhecida apenas pelo holótipo), e registramos Tortopsis canum Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian, 2011 pela primeira vez para o Espírito Santo, e Tortopsis spatula para o Equador. Algumas variações em estruturas dessas espécies também são descritas, ilustradas e discutidas. Fil: Molineri, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.naturales E Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Salles, Frederico. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas. Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Insetos; Brasil Fil: Boldrini, Rafael. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Divisão de Curso de Entomologia; Brasil

The genus Camelobaetidius has 38 valid species distributed throughout the Neotropical and Neartic Regions. The incomplete descriptions of some species of the genus, and the vast morphological variation among some specimens, makes the identification at specific level difficult in some cases. Currently there are eight species of the genus in which the nymphs possess the terminal filament reduced, all of them restricted to South America. The aim of this study was to review these species of Camelobaetidius. Camelobaetidius apis is considered a junior synonym of C. billi. The nymphs of six species are redescribed: C. billi, C. francischettii, C. ipaye, C. leentvaari, C. maranhensis and C. rufiventris. No specimen of Camelobaetidius mantis was studied, and the male imago of C. billi is redescribed. A key for the species of Camelobaetidius with reduced terminal filament is presented.

A new species of Apobaetis is described based on nymphs and male imago, and the male imago of A. fiuzai. Specimens were collected in the state of Amazonas, northern region of Brazil. Apobaetis hamadae sp. n. can be easily distinguished from the other congeners by the following combination of characteristics: male imago: (1) abdominal colour pattern; (2) area between forceps not excavated medially. Nymphs: (1) distal margin of labrum with shallow medial emargination and with four to five spatulated setae near midline; (2) maxillary palp 1.4× longer than galea-lacinia; (3) tarsal claws 1.2× times longer than tarsus. The male imago of A. fiuzai can be easily distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) abdominal colour pattern; (2) area between segments I of forceps with a deep V emargination.

In the present work, based on material from several localities in Brazil, we present a contribution to the taxonomy of the Terpides lineage, a monophyletic group of Neotropical mayflies that encompasses three genera: Terpides, Tikuna, and Fittkaulus. A new species of Terpides is described from the States of Espírito Santo and Mato Grosso, based on nymphs, male and female imagos. The male imago of the type species of Terpides, T. guyanensis, the nymph and male imago of Tikuna bilineata, and the nymph of Fittkaulus cururuensis are described for the first time. © EDP Sciences, 2009.

The Serra da Mocidade National Park is a conservation area located in one of the most inaccessible portions of Amazonia Biome in the Roraima State. The first survey of aquatic insects from that in this region was undertaken in January to February 2016 and we present a checklist of eight species of the Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) found in the Park and describe three new species of Miroculis based on male imagos.

A new species of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 is described based on all life stages from Roraima State, Northern Brazil. U. amajari sp. nov. has a forewing coloration and penis shape similar to that of the widespread species U. uruguayensis (Traver) but it differs from the latter by the shape of the penis lobe apex in the male imago and by the lines of pectinate setae on the ventral surface of tibia III, in the nymph. The descriptions of nymph and female imago of U. passorum Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2014 are also presented.

New records and notes on the distribution of the family Caenidae from Roraima state, Brazil are provided. No previous records were known of this family from Roraima. Our study reports four species of Brasilocaenis and Caenis: Brasilocaenis irmleri Puthz, 1975, Caenis chamie Alba-Tercedor & Mosquera, 1999, C. fittkaui Malzacher, 1986 and C. reissi Malzacher, 1986. In addition, an unidentified species of Latineosus, based in a unique exuvia, was also found.

New records of Leptohyphidae for Northeastern Brazil are provided. Previously, only Tricorythopsis bahiensis Dias, Salles & Ferreira had been recorded in this region, but we now record one species of Amanahyphes Salles & Molineri, one of Leptohyphes Eaton, three of Traverhyphes Molineri, three of Tricorythodes Ulmer, and seven of Tricorythopsis Traver. Two of these species are recorded for the first time in Brazil. As all of these species are reported, the Northeastern Brazil became the second most diverse geographic region in Brazil in Leptohyphidae. © 2011 Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil.

In the present work, based on material from several localities in Brazil, the genus Aturbina is reviewed. Two new species, A. maculata, sp. nov. and A. nigra, sp. nov. are described based on nymphs and adults; the type-species, A. georgei, is redescribed based on nymphs and reared adults; the nymphs and adults of A. beatrixae are respectively described and redescribed, as well as recorded from Brazil for the first time. Based on these findings, an updated key to nymphs and adults of the genus is provided. © EDP Sciences, 2010.