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Resumen Objetivo Describir la experiencia clinica con dalbavancina en el tratamiento de la infeccion de pie diabetico en una unidad multidisciplinar de un hospital de segundo nivel. Metodos Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con infeccion de pie diabetico tratados con dalbavancina en la Unidad de Pie Diabetico del Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon de septiembre de 2016 a diciembre de 2019. Se recogieron parametros demograficos y comorbilidades, caracteristicas de la infeccion y del tratamiento con dalbavancina. Se estimo la tasa de curacion a los 90 dias tras finalizar el tratamiento. Resultados Un total de 23 pacientes con infeccion de pie diabetico (osteomielitis) fueron tratados con dalbavancina; 19 eran hombres con una edad media de 65 anos. Los microorganismos mas frecuentemente aislados fueron Staphylococcus aureus (11) y Corynebacterium striatum (7). En 22 casos se uso dalbavancina como terapia de segunda eleccion, en 11 debido a toxicidad de otros antibioticos. La mediana de duracion del tratamiento fue de 5 (4-7) semanas; la dosis mas frecuente de dalbavancina (8 pacientes) fue de 1.000 mg seguido de 500 mg semanales durante 5 semanas. Tres pacientes presentaron efectos secundarios leves (nauseas y molestias gastrointestinales). A los 90 dias de finalizar el tratamiento, el 87% (20) de los pacientes se curaron (IC95%: 65,2-94,52%). Conclusion Los pacientes con osteomielitis por microorganismos grampositivos que recibieron como parte del tratamiento multidisciplinar antibioterapia con dalbavancina tuvieron una elevada tasa de curacion, con una adecuada tolerancia y escasos efectos secundarios. Dalbavancina ofrece una alternativa segura en el tratamiento de la infeccion profunda de pie diabetico.

To describe the clinical experience with dalbavancin in the treatment of diabetic foot infection in a multidisciplinary unit of a second level hospital.A retrospective, descriptive study was made with all patients with diabetic foot infection treated with dalbavancin in the Diabetic Foot Unit of Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, covering the period from September 2016 to December 2019. Demographic parameters and comorbidities, characteristics of the infection and treatment with dalbavancin were recorded. The cure rate is estimated at 90 days after finishing the treatment.A total of 23 patients with diabetic foot infection (osteomyelitis) started treatment with dalbavancin, 19 were men and the mean age was 65 years. The microorganisms most frequently isolated for the indication of treatment with dalbavancin were Staphylococcus aureus (11) and Corynebacterium striatum (7). Dalbavancin was used as a second choice therapy in 22 cases, in 11 due to toxicity from other antibiotics. The median duration of treatment was 5 (4-7) weeks; the most frequent dose of dalbavancin (8 patients) was 1000 mg followed by 500 mg weekly for 5 weeks. 3 patients presented mild side effects (nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort). At 90 days after completion of dalbavancin therapy, 87% (20) of the patients were cured (95% CI: 65.2%-94.52%).Patients with osteomyelitis due to gram-positive microorganisms who received as part of the multidisciplinary antibiotic treatment with dalbavancin, had a high rate of cure with adequate tolerance and few side effects. Dalbavancin offers a safe alternative in treating deep diabetic foot infection.

We report an unusual case of fulminant endogenous Clostridium septicum panophthalmitis. A 74-year-old male patient presented with sudden amaurosis in the right eye, which in a few hours, evolved into an orbital cellulitis, endophthalmitis, anterior segment ischemia, and secondary perforation of the eye. A complete diagnostic study, which included cranial and orbital contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, blood cultures, and complete blood work, were performed. No causal agent was identified. Clostridium septicum infection caused fulminant gaseous panophthalmitis. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, evisceration of the eyeball was necessary. The extension study showed a colon adenocarcinoma as the origin of the infection. Clostridium septicum panophthalmitis is a rare but aggressive orbital infection. This infection warrants the identification of a neoplastic process in the gastrointestinal tract in many cases not previously described. RESUMO Este é o relato de um caso incomum de panoftalmite endógena fulminante por Clostridium septicum. Um paciente do sexo masculino, 74 anos, apresentou amaurose súbita no olho direito, que em poucas horas evoluiu para celulite orbitária, endoftalmite, isquemia do segmento anterior e perfuração secundária do olho. Foi realizado um estudo diagnóstico completo, que incluiu uma tomografia computadorizada com contraste cranial e orbital, um exame de ressonância magnética, hemocultura e hemograma completo. Nenhum agente causal foi identificado. A infecção por Clostridium septicum causou uma panoftalmite gasosa fulminante. Apesar do tratamento com antibióticos de amplo espectro, foi necessário eviscerar o globo ocular. O estudo de seguimento mostrou um adenocarcinoma de cólon como a origem da infecção. A panoftalmite por Clostridium septicum é um tipo raro, mas muito agressivo de infecção orbitária. Essa infecção deve sugerir a busca por um processo neoplásico no trato gastrointestinal, em muitos casos não diagnosticado anteriormente.

Background: micro-elimination has been recently proposed as an efficient strategy to achieve global hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. The Spanish Health Ministry Strategic Plan for hepatitis C infection highlighted intervention in prisons as a priority action. However, there are important barriers associated with the specialized care provision to the penitentiary population. Aims: to assess the contribution of telemedicine for HCV elimination in a correctional facility in Spain. Methods: an open label program of HCV elimination via telemedicine was started on February 3rd, 2015 in a large penitentiary of 1,200 inmates, as an alternative to referring patients to specialists. An anonymous satisfaction survey was performed among a random sample of inmates and all participating doctors. Results: the prevalence of HCV viremia prior to program initiation was 12.4%. One hundred and thirty-one patients received DAA HCV treatment during the period 2015-2018; 42.74% had a HCV-HIV co-infection. Overall, 97% achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). A second regime of DAA successfully rescued non-responder patients and the HCV prevalence was zero at the end of the program. Satisfaction was high or very high according to 67% of inmates and all participating doctors. Conclusion: telemedicine is an effective tool for HCV elimination in penitentiary correctional facilities where referral to specialists is difficult. The extensive use of this technology should be recommended in this setting in order to facilitate equitable access to specialized care.

Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide with a very prolonged half-life enabling treatment with a single intravenous administration that has been approved to treat complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Information on the efficacy and safety of dalbavancin in other situations is very scarce. This retrospective study included adult patients who received at least one dose of dalbavancin between 2016 and 2017 in 29 institutions in Spain. The primary objective was to report the use of dalbavancin in clinical practice, including its efficacy and tolerability. The potential impact of dalbavancin on reducing the length of hospital stay and hospital costs was also evaluated. A total of 69 patients received dalbavancin during the study period (58.0% male; median age 63.5 years). Dalbavancin was used to treat prosthetic joint infection (29.0%), acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infection (21.7%), osteomyelitis (17.4%) and catheter-related bacteraemia (11.6%). These infections were mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (27 isolates), coagulase-negative staphylococci (24 isolates) and Enterococcus spp. (11 isolates). All but two patients received previous antibiotics for a median of 18 days. Dalbavancin was administered for a median of 21 days (range 7-168 days), and concomitant antimicrobial therapy was prescribed to 25 patients (36.2%). The overall clinical success rate of dalbavancin was 84.1%. Adverse events, mainly mild in intensity, were reported in nine patients. Overall, dalbavancin was estimated to reduce hospitalisation by 1160 days, with an estimated overall cost reduction of €211 481 (€3064 per patient). Dalbavancin appears to be an effective therapy for many serious Gram-positive infections.

Contains fulltext : 108229.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: The lower tuberculosis incidence reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is difficult to interpret causally. Furthermore, the role of unmasking immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is unclear. We aim to estimate the effect of cART on tuberculosis incidence in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries. METHODS: The HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration consisted of 12 cohorts from the United States and Europe of HIV-positive, ART-naive, AIDS-free individuals aged ≥18 years with baseline CD4 cell count and HIV RNA levels followed up from 1996 through 2007. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for cART versus no cART, adjusted for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV RNA level via inverse probability weighting. RESULTS: Of 65 121 individuals, 712 developed tuberculosis over 28 months of median follow-up (incidence, 3.0 cases per 1000 person-years). The HR for tuberculosis for cART versus no cART was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.72) overall, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.64-1.68) for individuals aged >50 years, and 1.46 (95% CI, 0.70-3.04) for people with a CD4 cell count of 50 years old, respectively, and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.03-5.14) for people with a CD4 cell count of 50 years old or with CD4 cell counts of

To study the prevalence of Delayed HIV Diagnosis (DHD) and its associated risk factors, to evaluate the effect of DHD on virological and immunological responses to HAART and to estimate the impact of DHD on all-causes mortality. Prospective cohort of 2, 564 HIV-positive HAART-naive subjects attending 19 hospitals in Spain, 2004-2006. Estimations were made by logistic regression and survival analyses by Cox regression models. Prevalence of DHD was 37.3% (35.0-39.6). DHD was related to low educational level (OR:1.31, 95% CI:1.0-1.7). Compared to men who have sex with men (MSM), DHD was more frequent in heterosexuals (OR:1.9 95% CI:1.5-2.5) and injection drug users (IDUs) (OR:2.0 95% CI:1.5-2.8). An interaction between age and sex was found. Although risk of having DHD did not increase after age 30 in women, it increased linearly with age in men. No differences in virological (OR 1.2 95% CI: 0.8-1.8) and CD4 T cell (OR 1.1 95% CI: 0.7-1.8) responses to HAART were seen. The adjusted hazard ratio for death in patients with DHD was 5.2, (95% CI: 1.9-14.5). DHD is very common, especially in older men, heterosexuals and IDUs. Although we did not find differences in virological and immunological responses to HAART, we did observe higher mortality in people with DHD. Increased efforts to early diagnose HIV infection are urgently needed.

To describe the incidence and characteristics of immigrant patients attended in a dedicated HIV Unit in Madrid (Spain).Cross-sectional study including all patients whose first visit to our HIV Unit took place between January 2001 and December 2004.Among a total of 516 new patients seen during the study period, 101 (19.6%) were immigrants (59% from Latin America, 27% from sub-Saharan Africa). Considering only patients who had not received previous clinical care in other centers (n = 298), 25.5% were immigrants. As compared to Spanish patients, there was a higher proportion of women among the immigrant population (40% vs. 26%: P = 0.008), age was lower (35 vs. 38 years; P = 0.003), and educational level was higher (39% vs. 13% secondary or higher education; P0.0001), with no statistical differences regarding employment (37% vs. 27% were unemployed; P = 0.07). Sexual transmission was more frequent among immigrants (85% vs. 37%; P0.0001), but the main sexual route of infection in both groups was heterosexual contact (71% and 66%). There were no differences in the baseline clinical, immunological, or virological status.A large number of new patients attended for the first time in a dedicated HIV Clinic in Madrid were immigrants. Although these patients showed some differences in demographic characteristics and the mechanism of HIV transmission, no significant differences were found in their clinical or immunological characteristics as compared to Spanish patients.

Nuestro objetivo era describir la proporción y las características de los pacientes inmigrantes atendidos en una unidad VIH (virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) en Madrid. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en el que se incluye a todos los pacientes atendidos por primera vez en una unidad VIH entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2004. De un total de 516 pacientes nuevos, 101 (19,6%) eran inmigrantes (59% latinoamericanos, 27% subsaharianos). La frecuencia de inmigrantes alcanzó el 25,5% si sólo se consideraban los 298 pacientes sin seguimiento previo en otros centros. La población inmigrante respecto a la local se caracterizaba por una mayor proporción de mujeres (40% frente a 26%; p = 0,008), menor edad (35 años frente a 38 años; p = 0,003) y mayor nivel de estudios (39% frente a 13% de pacientes con estudios medios o superiores; p < 0,0001), sin diferencias significativas en la situación laboral (37% frente a 27% de desempleados; p = 0,07). El mecanismo de transmisión sexual es más frecuente en inmigrantes (85% frente a 37%; p < 0,0001). En ambos grupos la vía de transmisión sexual predominante fue la heterosexual (71 y 66%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la situación, clínica, inmunológica o virológica basal en función del origen local o foráneo de los pacientes, ni en el seguimiento clínico y terapéutico. En conclusión, existe un importante número de inmigrantes entre los nuevos pacientes en seguimiento por VIH. Aunque existen diferencias en las características demográficas y en el mecanismo de transmisión, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la situación clínica e inmunológica con respecto a los pacientes no inmigrantes. Our purpose was to describe the incidence and characteristics of immigrant patients attended in a dedicated HIV Unit in Madrid (Spain). We did a cross-sectional study including all patients whose first visit to our HIV Unit took place between January 2001 and December 2004. Among a total of 516 new patients seen during the study period, 101 (19.6%) were immigrants (59% from Latin America, 27% from sub-Saharan Africa). Considering only patients who had not received previous clinical care in other centers (n = 298), 25.5% were immigrants. As compared to Spanish patients, there was a higher proportion of women among the immigrant population (40% vs. 26%: P = 0.008), age was lower (35 vs. 38 years; P = 0.003), and educational level was higher (39% vs. 13% secondary or higher education; P < 0.0001), with no statistical differences regarding employment (37% vs. 27% were unemployed; P = 0.07). Sexual transmission was more frequent among immigrants (85% vs. 37%; P < 0.0001), but the main sexual route of infection in both groups was heterosexual contact (71% and 66%). There were no differences in the baseline clinical, immunological, or virological status. In conclusion, a large number of new patients attended for the first time in a dedicated HIV Clinic in Madrid were immigrants. Although these patients showed some differences in demographic characteristics and the mechanism of HIV transmission, no significant differences were found in their clinical or immunological characteristics as compared to Spanish patients. Sin financiación 1.096 JCR (2007) Q4, 46/50 Infectious diseases, 75/93 Microbiology. UEM

Objective: This study evaluated maintenance with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy vs. continuing lopinavir/ritonavir and 2 nucleosides in HIV-infected patients with suppressed HIV replication. Design: Randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter, pilot clinical trial. Methods: Adult patients were eligible if they had no history of virologic failure while receiving a protease inhibitor, were receiving 2 nucleosides + lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg b.i.d.) for >1 month and had maintained serum HIV RNA 6 months prior to enrollment. Results: Forty-two patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to continue or stop the nucleosides. At baseline there were no significant differences between groups in median CD4 cells/μL (baseline or nadir), pre-HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) HIV log 10 viremia, or time with HIV RNA