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Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae) soybean is an important oilseed cultivated in Brazil and its production has grown considerably; however, one of the limitations for increasing productivity is the occurrence of pests, especially sucking (bedbugs and whitefly) and defoliators (caterpillars and coleopterans). Chemical control of insect pests, if used without technical criteria, can result in the selection of resistant populations, reduction of the community of natural enemies and increased production costs due to unnecessary expenses. On the contrary, the use of Integrated Pest Management – MIP aimstokeepthecommunityofnaturalenemiesatlevelsthat provide thesuppressionofthe pest insectcommunity.Thus,theobjectiveof this study was toevaluatethecommunities of insectpests and naturalenemiesinthefollowing pest control strategies:(1)preventivespraysusingbroadinsecticides,(2)preventivespraysusinginsecticidesmoreselectivetonaturalenemies,(3)sprays only whenreachedthelevelofcontrolofagivenpestusingbroad-spectruminsecticides,(4)spraysonlywhenthecontrollevelofcertainpestusinginsecticidesmoreselectivetonaturalenemies. Twotrialswerecarriedout,onelocatedinthemunicipalityofLucasdoRioVerdeandtheotherinCampoVerde,bothlocatedinthestateofMatoGrosso.Theparametersevaluated were insect-pestinfestations present in thecropbymeansofclothbeat,lifting of naturalenemies by meansofpitfall traps and entomologicalnetwork, crop productivity and thecostofinsecticidesineachpestcontrolstrategy.Graphsof population fluctuation of pestinsectsweregeneratedineachcontrolstrategy,and to comparetheabundanceof pest insectspeciesand species ofnaturalenemies,themultidimensionalnon-metric scale (NMDS)wasused.TheproductivitydataweresubmittedtovarianceanalysisandthemeanscomparedbytheTukeytest(P≤0.05).ThecaterpillarspeciesChrysodeixisincludensandSpodopteraeridaniaandthebedbugEuchistusheroswerethepredominantpests.Respectforcontrollevelsallowedreducingthecostsofinsecticides.InsectpestinfestationswerelowerwhenpreventivesprayswereusedonlyinCampoVerde;however,theyieldsdidnotdifferbetweenthecontrolstrategiesinthetwosites.ThemostfrequentnaturalenemiesweretheordersColeopteraandDermaptera,andthecommunitiesofnaturalenemiesweresimilaramongpestcontrolstrategies. Keywords: integrated pest management, level of control, biological control., Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as comunidades de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais nas seguintes estratégias de controle de pragas: (1) pulverizações preventivas utilizando inseticidas de largo, (2) pulverizações preventivas utilizando inseticidas mais seletivos aos inimigos naturais, (3) pulverizações apenas quando atingido o nível de controle de determinada praga utilizando inseticidas de largo espectro, (4) pulverizações apenas quando atingido o nível de controle de determinada praga utilizando inseticidas mais seletivos aos inimigos naturais. Foram realizados dois ensaios, um localizado município de Lucas do Rio Verde e outro em Campo Verde, ambos localizados no estado de Mato Grosso. Os parâmetros avaliados foram infestações de insetos-pragas presentes na cultura por meio da batida de pano, levantamento de inimigos naturais por meio de armadilhas tipo “pitfall” e da rede entomológica, produtividade da cultura e o custo com inseticidas em cada estratégia de controle de pragas. Para comparar a abundância das espécies de insetos praga e de espécies de inimigos naturais foi utilizada a escala multidimensional não métrica (NMDS). Os dados de produtividade foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). As espécies de lagarta Chrysodeixis includens e Spodoptera eridania e o percevejo Euchistus heros foram as pragas predominantes. As infestações de insetos pragas foram menores quando utilizadas pulverizações preventivas apenas em Campo Verde; entretanto as produtividades não diferiram entre as estratégias de controle nos dois ensaios. Os inimigos naturais de maior ocorrência foram das ordens Coleoptera e Dermaptera e, as comunidades de inimigos naturais foram semelhantes entre as estratégias de controle de pragas. Palavras-chaves: manejo integrado de pragas; nível de controle; controle biológico. Evaluation of insects pests and natural enemies in the adoption of mip as a function of the different classes of insecticides ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the communities of insect pests and natural enemies in the following pest control strategies: (1) preventive sprays using broad insecticides, (2) preventive sprays using insecticides more selective to natural enemies, (3) sprays only when reached the level of control of a given pest using broad-spectrum insecticides, (4) sprays only when the control level of certain pest using insecticides more selective to natural enemies. Two trials were carried out, one located in the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde and the other in Campo Verde, both located in the state of Mato Grosso. The parameters evaluated were insect-pest infestations present in the crop by means of cloth beat, lifting of natural enemies by means of pitfall traps and entomological network, crop productivity and the cost of insecticides in each pest control strategy. Graphs of population fluctuation of pest insects were generated in each control strategy, and to compare the abundance of pest insect species and species of natural enemies, the multidimensional non-metric scale (NMDS) was used. The productivity data were submitted to variance analysis and the means compared by the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). The caterpillar species Chrysodeixis includens and Spodoptera eridania and the bedbug Euchistus heros were the predominant pests. Respect for control levels allowed reducing the costs of insecticides. Insect pest infestations were lower when preventive sprays were used only in Campo Verde; however, the yields did not differ between the control strategies in the two sites. The most frequent natural enemies were the orders Coleoptera and Dermaptera, and the communities of natural enemies were similar among pest control strategies. Keywords: integrated pest management; level of control; biological control.

Soybean is considered one of today's most important crops. Planted on millions of hectares worldwide, the management of soybean pests usually requires large amounts of chemicals. However, a key component to meet the increasing demand for food due to the rapidly growing global population is protecting crops from pests while maintaining environmental quality through ecologically and economically sound integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Not only can IPM result in more profitable agriculture due to the reduction of pest control costs but also assures equitable, secure, sufficient, and stable flows of both food and ecosystem services. Despite those ecological and economic benefits, the vast areas of cultivated soybean as well as the convenience of spraying insecticides are encouraging the adoption of prophylactic pest control as a relatively inexpensive safeguard compared to IPM practices. Thus, in this forum, we discuss the reasons for soybean IPM not reaching its potential. We give examples of how we can revive this once successful pest management program with a focus on experiences in Brazil and the USA. We analyze IPM case studies to illustrate the need for growers to have easy and fast access to IPM information on its medium- and long-term benefits. Overall, this forum highlights the importance of IPM for agricultural sustainability including ecological and financial benefits.

Background A central challenge of DNA gut content analysis is to identify prey in a highly degraded DNA community. In this study, we evaluated prey detection using metabarcoding and a method of mapping unassembled shotgun reads (Lazaro). Results In a mock prey community, metabarcoding did not detect any prey, probably owing to primer choice and/or preferential predator DNA amplification, while Lazaro detected prey with accuracy 43–71%. Gut content analysis of field-collected arthropod epigeal predators (3 ants, 1 dermapteran, and 1 carabid) from agricultural habitats in Brazil (27 samples, 46–273 individuals per sample) revealed that 64% of the prey species detections by either method were not confirmed by melting curve analysis and 87% of the true prey were detected in common. We hypothesized that Lazaro would detect fewer true- and false-positive and more false-negative prey with greater taxonomic resolution than metabarcoding but found that the methods were similar in sensitivity, specificity, false discovery rate, false omission rate, and accuracy. There was a positive correlation between the relative prey DNA concentration in the samples and the number of prey reads detected by Lazaro, while this was inconsistent for metabarcoding. Conclusions Metabarcoding and Lazaro had similar, but partially complementary, detection of prey in arthropod predator guts. However, while Lazaro was almost 2× more expensive, the number of reads was related to the amount of prey DNA, suggesting that Lazaro may provide quantitative prey information while metabarcoding did not.

Emphasis has been given in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to the implementation of more sustainable production practices, including what has been termed agrosilvopastoral production system (ASPS), which involves the integration of different types of land use in a same area along time, seeking increased ecological stability. The Gamasina mite group (order Mesostigmata) is usually diverse and abundant in non-cultivated soils, where they can prey on arthropods and nematodes; some are commercialized for biological pest control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic Gamasina in plots of grain production managed under conventional (alternating cultivation) system and under ASPS, both with the adoption of no-tillage cultivation, in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso state. In samples of soil and litter taken biweekly from August 2015 to May 2016, 762 Gamasina representing 32 species of 21 genera and nine families were collected. Considering both systems together, the dominant Gamasina were quite different from those of other parts of Brazil. Calculated ecological indexes showed no major differences between the two systems, possibly because of the relatively short time since the implementation of ASPS. In both systems, Rhodacaridae was one of the dominant families (37.5% of the Gamasina), followed by Macrochelidae (20.9%) and Laelapidae (18.8%). The most abundant species were Multidentirhodacarus squamosus Karg (Rhodacaridae), a new species of Holostaspella (Macrochelidae) and Cosmolaelaps barbatus Moreira, Klompen and Moraes (Laelapidae). Future studies are warranted, allowing more time for the adoption of ASPS to produce possible ecological changes.

Among the primary beef producers globally, Brazil stands out due to livestock production based on pastures without massive grain dependence. Moreover, the adoption of integrated systems has increased in Brazilian farms in the past few years, reaching significant numbers such as 11.5 million hectares covered by some sort of integration, including silvopastoral systems (SPS). This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of Coleoptera species and dung pats decomposition in an open pasture (OP) of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and in an SPS with Eucalyptus urograndis clone H13. There were no significant differences in dung beetle richness or abundance in OP and SPS, as well as similar rates of dung pats disintegration. Most insects were captured during the rainy season, and richness and diversity of species were similar between systems. The traps' distance to the Eucalyptus rows did not influence the number of dung beetles sampled; however, fewer individuals were captured under the tree rows. We suggest the importance of beetles for cattle dung decomposition and biological control of parasites, eventhough community structure was similar between systems with different habitat complexity.

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is one of the most destructive pests of maize in warm regions of the Americas and a severe invasive species in Africa. Considering the armyworm management and its ability to develop resistance rapidly to synthetic insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, we assessed the response of field and laboratory populations of FAW to Bt maize hybrids and Bt-based bioinsecticides. In the laboratory, FAW neonates from two Bt-resistant colonies and three field-collected populations were fed foliage of Bt maize or Bt bioinsecticides incorporated into artificial diet, and larval survival and biomass were recorded after seven days. Larvae of the two laboratory colonies resistant to Bt maize producing Cry1 or Cry2 toxins had high larval survival rates on foliage of specific Bt maize hybrids (i.e., Cry1F or Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab). On foliage of the Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab Bt maize, larvae of one of the field-collected populations had survival rates similar to the Bt-resistant laboratory larvae but had strong growth inhibition. The field-collected larvae had less than 30% survival on foliage of Cry1F maize and larval weights equivalent to those of the Cry1F-resistant colony. In addition, while some larvae survived exposure to formulations of B. thuringiensis kurstaki (i.e., Dipel and Thuricide), the two formulations of B. thuringiensis aizawai (i.e., Agree and Xentari) caused 100% larval mortality in all FAW colonies and the field populations, including the ones showing reduced-susceptibility to Cry1F or Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab Bt maize. This research shows that there are field populations of FAW with different levels of susceptibility to specific Bt toxins and that resistance to Cry1 and/or Cry2 may or may not reduce the efficacy of certain Bt bioinsecticides against the neonates.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of production systems involving the eucalyptus culture on infestation as well as the necessity of controlling its defoliator Glena unipennaria in order to qualify how sustainable integrated production systems are. Adult infestation was evaluated in the following systems: (1) eucalyptus monoculture, (2) agroforestry (grains integrated with eucalyptus), (3) silvopastoral (palisade grass integrated with eucalyptus) and (4) agrosilvopastoral (palisade grass cultivated after grains, both integrated with eucalyptus) production systems. Results showed that adult infestations in integrated systems are significantly lower and different from eucalyptus in monoculture. Consequently, the defoliation rate by caterpillars occurred mainly in monoculture, with greater intensity in the interior of the plot compared to the trees in the edge, suggesting that solar irradiance influences the pest establishment in the field. Besides that, in eucalyptus monoculture, it was necessary to use two sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides at 1 L ha−1 with a 15-day interval, while in the integrated systems this was not needed due to the low damage caused.

The efficacy of the fungus Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Kepler, S. A. Rehner & Humber (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the impact on the community of epigeans predators as well as the natural occurrence of native fungal strains were evaluated after sequential sprays in maize. In the first season, the infestation was lower than 0.2 larvae per plant throughout the three fungal sprays and no significant difference was observed in the number of infected larvae among treatments. In the second season, insect population reached an average of 0.8 larvae per plant between the second and third sprays and the number of larvae succumbed by M. rileyi was higher in fungal-treated plots in the following weeks. Molecular characterization of the collected isolates on mummified larvae revealed the introduction of a new isolate did not eliminate the native strain on the fungal-treated plots. In both seasons, the diversity and abundance of predator species in the plots were not affected by any of the treatments. We showed that applications of selected strains of M. rileyi early in the season have no significant impact on the occurrence of natural enemies in maize.

The soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) is an important defoliation pest in crops such as soybean and cotton in Brazil. Its main control tactic is chemical insecticides. Considering the importance of chemical control for this pest, monitoring the susceptibility of C. includens populations is strategic for an efficient Insect Resistance Management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility levels of C. includens populations in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil to lufenuron and spinosad. Seven populations were collected in soybean fields around the state. For the bioassays, early L3 larvae were exposed to insecticides using the diet-overlay method. Although the compounds have distinct modes of action, Tangará da Serra population had the highest resistance ratios for lufenuron (11.62) and spinosad (7.84), compared to laboratory population (susceptibility reference). Even with low resistance levels, it is necessary to maintain regional monitoring of C. includens susceptibility to the evaluated insecticides, as well as to extend the range of molecules monitored.

Emamectin Benzoate was registered recently in Brazil to control Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean. We studied the baseline susceptibility of Mato Grosso populations of C. includes to support Insect Resistance Management programs by standard feeding assays on insecticide-surface of artificial diet. Variation in susceptibility between populations was low. The LC50 values from 11 populations varied between 0.015 a 0.065 µg i.a. cm-2. Based on our results, we propose the discriminant concentration of 2.867 µg i.a. cm-2 of emamectin benzoate to monitor insecticide resistance in C. includes.

EFEITO DE DENSIDADES DE Chrysodeixis includens (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO ALGODOEIRO A existencia de plantios de soja proximos aos de algodao tem favorecido a migracao de especies de lepidopteros-praga entre essas culturas, como a falsa-medideira, Chrysodeixis includens, praga desfolhadora da soja, mas que esta atacando o algodoeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar qual a densidade de lagartas de C. includens que causa reducao na produtividade do algodoeiro. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 16 lagartas.metro-1) e cinco repeticoes. As plantas da cultivar FM 944GL, no estadio F2, foram infestadas com lagartas em terceiro instar, protegidas por gaiola de PVC (1,0 m x 1,0 m x 1,6 m (C x L x H)) revestida com organza. Os dados de producao e desfolha foram submetidos a analise de variância pelo teste F e analise de regressao. De acordo com os resultados constatou-se que a presenca de duas lagartas.m-1, de terceiro instar, de C. includens nao afetou a produtividade do algodoeiro na fase F2; e a partir de quatro lagartas.m-1 de terceiro instar houve reducao na produtividade do algodoeiro. Nos tratamentos com duas, quatro, seis, oito e dezesseis lagartas a desfolha foi de 4%, 10%, 6%, 13% e 24%, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum; falsa-medideira; herbivoria; manejo. ABSTRACT: The cultivation of soybean near to cotton areas has favored the migration of lepidopteran pests between those crops, including the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, which usually attacks soybean leaves but can also attack cotton plants. The objective of this study is to identify the density of C. includens larvae capable of decreasing cotton productivity. Six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 larvae.meter-1) with five replications were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Plants of cultivar FM 944GL at stage F2 were protected by PVC cages (length, 1.0 m; width, 1.0 m, height, 1.6 m) covered with organza fabric and infested with third-instar larvae. Crop yield and defoliation data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F-test and regression analysis. The results indicated that the presence of two third-instar larvae.m-1 did not affect cotton yield in the F2 phase whereas four or more third-instar larvae.m-1 decreased cotton yield. The rate of defoliation was 4%, 10%, 6%, 13%, and 24% in the treatments with two, four, six, eight, and sixteen larvae, respectively.Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; soybean looper; herbivory; management.

The aim of this study was to identify resistance of tolerance type in Citrus and Poncirus genotypes towards the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella. The quantitative variables leaf and shoot lengths, leaf width, number of larvae and new shoots, and fresh and dry shoots weights, and qualitative variables associated with foliar damage were evaluated in six Citrus-related genotypes infested with CLM. In preliminary trials with lime Rough lemon (C. jambhiri), the variables that best discriminated the infestation effect of CLM were established as the numbers of larvae and new shoots per plant together with the percentages of partially rolled leaves (PRL), rolled leaves (RL) and total damage (TD = RL + PRL). In subsequent tests with all six genotypes, the variables new shoots per plant, percentage of attacked but not rolled leaves (ANRL), RL and TD were found to be significant. Trifoliata Limeira (P. trifoliata) and hybrid C × R4 (C. sunki × P. trifoliata) presented the lowest percentages of RL and TD and the highest values of ANRL. A cluster analysis was performed considering all the variables analyzed and the most tolerant genotypes for CLM, namely hybridsC × R4, C × R315 (C. sunki × P. trifoliata), M × P222 [C. sinensis × Tangor Murcott (C. reticulata × C. sinensis)] and Trifoliata Limeira (P. trifoliata) were grouped apart from the less tolerant genotypes Sunki mandarin (C. sunki) and lime Rough lemon. In conclusion, genotypes Trifoliata Limeira and its hybrid C × R4 are the most tolerant to CLM.

Diversified systems allow the balance of the ecosystem, reducing the action of harmful insects to monoculture by retention time and immigration of the natural enemies. The objective of this research was to monitor the population of psilids, hemiptera, Psylloidea: Aphalaridae, deeucaliptos in integrated production systems. The evaluations were carried out in an experiment on productive systems integrating the components of eucalyptus crop, pasture and forest in a transition region between Cerrado and Amazonia in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was conducted from June 2013 to September 2014, with assessments conducted during periods of drought and rain. The eggs, nymphs and adults of Spondyliaspidinae were quantified in each production system, using as methods of collection, adhesive traps and collection of the eucalyptus branches. The species Glycaspisbrimblecombei and Blastopsyllaoccidentalis were found. The largest infestations of eggs, nymphs and adults were in the dry period. The treatments did not differ for the variable eggs of B. occidentalis, but presented a significant difference for nymphs and adults. The effect of the treatments was not significant for eggs, nymphs and adults of G. brimblecombei. The time did not show a significant difference for the eggs of G. brimblecombei, but significant for their nymphs and adults. It concludes that the psyllids were not harmful to eucalyptus in the studied silvicultural phase and that the diverse landscape contributes to the reduction

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is part of an important complex of insects-pests that attack the cotton crop. This study aimed to identify the preferential plant parts for the oviposition of moths, as well as the movement and feeding behavior of caterpillars, in the vegetative phase of the cotton cultivar BRS 369 RF. Plants emitting floral buds were used to study the oviposition behavior of moths. For this, a completely randomized design, with three treatments (adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf and floral buds) and twenty replications (plants in pots), was used. In order to evaluate the behavior of the caterpillars in the cotton vegetative phase, another 3 × 5 factorial design, with nine replications, was used. The treatments were three ages (first, second and third instars) combined with five behaviors (walking, resting, waving, eating and drop-off). In this trial, the period of the day when caterpillars are more active was also evaluated. It was observed that H. armigera moths prefer to lay their eggs on the adaxial leaf side and on the last two nodes of the plant, in a descending direction. The adaxial leaf side is also the part of the plant preferred by caterpillars for walking, eating and resting, being this last behavior the most frequent in all instars. In general, the caterpillars walk more in the morning. RESUMO Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) faz parte de um importante complexo de insetos-pragas que atacam a cultura do algodoeiro. Objetivou-se identificar partes da planta preferenciais para a oviposição das mariposas, bem como os comportamentos de movimentação e alimentação das lagartas, na fase vegetativa da cultivar de algodão BRS 369 RF. Plantas emitindo botões florais foram utilizadas para estudar o comportamento de oviposição das mariposas. Para isso, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (faces adaxial e abaxial da folha e botões florais) e vinte repetições (plantas em vasos). Para avaliar o comportamento das lagartas na fase vegetativa do algodoeiro, adotou-se outro delineamento fatorial 3 × 5, com nove repetições. Os tratamentos foram três idades (1º, 2º e 3º ínstares) combinadas com cinco comportamentos (caminhar, repousar, acenar, comer e cair). Neste ensaio, o período do dia em que as lagartas são mais ativas também foi avaliado. Constatou-se que as mariposas de H. armigera preferem ovipositar na face adaxial da folha e nos dois últimos nós da planta, em direção descendente. A face adaxial da folha também é a parte da planta preferida pelas lagartas para caminhar, comer e repousar, sendo este último comportamento o mais frequente em todos os ínstares. Em geral, as lagartas caminham mais no período matutino.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice de adaptação e o tempo letal de populações da lagarta-do-cartucho [Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] em milho Bt que expressa as proteínas Cry1Ab, Cry1F, Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 e Vip3Aa20. Três bioensaios foram conduzidos com lagartas coletadas em Inhaúma, MG, e em Sinop, MT. As lagartas dessas populações foram alimentadas com folhas de milho não Bt e Bt. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: sobrevivência larval, biomassa de pupas e período de desenvolvimento larval. Em seguida, foram calculados os índices de adaptação e o tempo letal dessas populações. Para a análise do tempo letal, também foram utilizados dados de mortalidade de uma população obtida de milho Bt Cry1F em Piumhi, MG. O milho Bt Cry1Ab apresentou eficiência limitada, mas duradoura. Já os milhos Bt Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 e Vip3Aa20 reduziram o desempenho de S. frugiperda, respectivamente, a menos de 5 e 0%, independentemente da origem da colônia. A população originada de Sinop apresentou alto desempenho larval no milho Bt Cry1F, o que mostra sua resistência a essa proteína e certo nível de custo adaptativo. O tempo letal pode ser uma variável indicadora de evolução de resistência, pois é maior para as populações com maior adaptação. Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the fitness index and lethal time of fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] populations on Bt corn expressing the Cry1Ab, Cry1F, Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2, and Vip3Aa20 proteins. Three bioassays were conducted with larvae collected at the municipality of Inhaúma, in the state of Minas Gerais, and at the municipality of Sinop, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Larvae from these populations were fed with leaves of non-Bt and Bt corn. The following variables were evaluated: larval survival, pupae mass, and larval development period. Then, the fitness indexes and lethal time of these populations were calculated. For lethal time analysis, mortality data of a population collected from Cry1F Bt corn in the municipality of Piumhi, in the state of Minas Gerais, were also used. The Cry1Ab Bt corn showed a limited but durable efficiency. The Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 and Vip3Aa20 Bt corn reduced S. frugiperda performance, respectively, to less than 5 and 0%, regardless of the origin of the colony. The population from Sinop showed high larval performance in Cry1F Bt corn, showing its resistance to this protein and a certain level of fitness cost. The lethal time can be a variable that indicates evolution of resistance, since it is greater for populations with greater fitness.

A nanotecnologia, atraves do encapsulamento de ingredientes ativos, tem-se revelado uma importante estrategia para evitar problemas com a rapida degradacao de moleculas inseticidas. Assim, nanoformulacoes a base de oleo de nim ( Azadirachta indica ) utilizando os polimeros ?-ciclodextrina e poli-?-caprolactona (PCL) foram testadas quanto a sua eficiencia de controle de ovos e ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotipo B mantidas em soja. Foi estimada a CL 50 utilizando uma formulacao comecial de oleo de nim (Organic Neem ® ) sobre ninfas em 1o instar da qual se estipulou o volume das nanoformulacoes a serem utilizadas por tratamento. Depois disso, os tratamentos foram aplicados sobre ovos e ninfas de 1o instar em laboratorio e em casa de vegetacao e sobre ninfas de 3o instar em casa de vegetacao. O oleo comercial e agua destilada foram utilizados como controles. A viabilidade dos ovos nao foi afetada por qualquer dos tratamentos. Das seis formulacoes testadas, somente uma delas mostrou-se eficiente para ninfas de 1o instar em condicoes de laboratorio, embora nao tenha apresentado aumento do periodo residual como esperado. Em casa de vegetacao, ninfas de 1o instar foram mais afetadas por duas das formulacoes, que diferenciaram do oleo de nim que causou maior controle. No teste com ninfas de 3o instar, nao houve diferenciacao de mortalidade entre as formulacoes. As nanoformulacoes foram menos eficientes para controlar ninfas de B. tabaci biotipo B do que o oleo de nim comercial.

The nanotechnology, through encapsulation of active ingredients, has showed an important way to avoid problems with quickly degradation of the pesticide molecules. Thus, neem (Azadirachta indica) oil nanoformulations containing ?-ciclodextrin and poli-?-caprolactone (PCL) were tested as to their control efficiency against eggs and nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B reared in soybean. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) was estimated using a commercial neem oil (Organic Neem®) on first-instar nymphs to establish the adequate volume of the nanoformulations per treatment. After that, they were sprayed on eggs and first-instar nymphs in laboratory and greenhouse and on third-instar nymphs in greenhouse. The commercial neem oil and distilled water were used as controls. Egg viability was not affected by any treatment. Among six nanoformulations, only one was efficient against the first-instar nymphs in laboratory conditions. However, its effective period was not increased as expected. In greenhouse, first-instar nymphs were more affected by two nanoformulations which were significantly different of the commercial neem oil - the most effective one. No mortality differences among the formulations in the third-instar test were observed. The nanoformulations were less efficient to control the B. tabaci biotype B nymphs than the commercial neem oil. A nanotecnologia, através do encapsulamento de ingredientes ativos, tem-se revelado uma importante estratégia para evitar problemas com a rápida degradação de moléculas inseticidas. Assim, nanoformulações à base de óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica) utilizando os polímeros ?-ciclodextrina e poli-?-caprolactona (PCL) foram testadas quanto a sua eficiência de controle de ovos e ninfas de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B mantidas em soja. Foi estimada a CL50 utilizando uma formulação comecial de óleo de nim (Organic Neem®) sobre ninfas em 1º ínstar da qual se estipulou o volume das nanoformulações a serem utilizadas por tratamento. Depois disso, os tratamentos foram aplicados sobre ovos e ninfas de 1º ínstar em laboratório e em casa de vegetação e sobre ninfas de 3º ínstar em casa de vegetação. O óleo comercial e água destilada foram utilizados como controles. A viabilidade dos ovos não foi afetada por qualquer dos tratamentos. Das seis formulações testadas, somente uma delas mostrou-se eficiente para ninfas de 1º ínstar em condições de laboratório, embora não tenha apresentado aumento do período residual como esperado. Em casa de vegetação, ninfas de 1º ínstar foram mais afetadas por duas das formulações, que diferenciaram do óleo de nim que causou maior controle. No teste com ninfas de 3º ínstar, não houve diferenciação de mortalidade entre as formulações. As nanoformulações foram menos eficientes para controlar ninfas de B. tabaci biótipo B do que o óleo de nim comercial.

Avaliou-se o comportamento de genótipos de feijoeiro sob a infestação de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B e Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) em condições de campo, nas épocas de cultivo "de inverno", "das águas" e "da seca". Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas sub-subdividida (19x3x6), com 19 genótipos (IAC Tybatã, IAC Una, FT Nobre, Pérola, Gen 96A98-15-3-32-1, Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, IAC Alvorada, IAC Diplomata, Gen 96A3-P1-1-1, LP 98-122, LP 02-130, LP 01-38, LP 9979, BRS-Pontal, BRS-Requinte, BRS-Triunfo, BRS-Grafite, CV-48 e Z-28), três épocas de cultivos (inverno, águas e seca) e seis períodos de avaliação. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente, contando-se o número de ovos e ninfas de B. tabaci e ninfas de C. phaseoli em dez folíolos por parcela. Os genótipos IAC Una, Pérola, Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, Gen 96A98-15-32-1, FT Nobre, IAC Tybatã, IAC Alvorada, LP 02-130, LP 01-38, LP 98-122, IAC Diplomata e Gen 96A3P1-1-1 foram menos ovipositados por B. tabaci no cultivo "das águas". Os genótipos Pérola, Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, IAC Una, Gen 96A98-15-32-1, IAC Tybatã e FT Nobre foram menos infestados por C. phaseoli. A maior incidência de ninfas de mosca-branca ocorreu no fim de janeiro no cultivo "das águas" e início de maio no cultivo "da seca"; para tripés, foi em junho durante o cultivo "de inverno". A maior incidência da população de B. tabaci e C. phaseoli, ocorreu dos 46 aos 60 dias após a emergência das plantas.The response of bean genotypes to infestation of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biotype B and Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) in field conditions on the winter, rainy and dry seasons was evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized Sub-divided (19x3x6) blocks design with 19 genotypes (IAC Tybatã, IAC Una, FT Nobre, Pérola, Gen 96A98-15-3-32-1, Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, IAC Alvorada, IAC Diplomata, Gen 96A3-P1-1-1, LP 98-122, LP 02-130, LP 01-38, LP 9979, BRS-Pontal, BRS-Requinte, BRS-Triunfo, BRS-Grafite, CV-48 and Z-28) Three crops seasons of (winter, rainy and dry seasons) and six periods of evaluations were considered. The evaluations consisted on counting eggs and nymphs of B. tabaci biotype B and nymphs of C. phaseoli in 10 leaflets per plot. The genotypes IAC Una, Pérola, Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, Gen 96A98-15-32-1, FT Nobre, IAC Tybatã, IAC Alvorada, LP 02-130, LP 01-38, LP 98-122, IAC Diplomata e Gen 96A3P1-1-1 were the least oviposited by B. tabaci biotype B, in rainy season. The least presence of C. phaesoli was observed on Gen 96A45-3-51-52-1, IAC Una, Gen 96A98-15-32-1, IAC Tybatã and FT Nobre. The highest occurrence of whitefly nymphs was observed during rainy season and beginning of the dry season, while the thrips preferred the winter season. The highest incidence of the population of B. tabaci biotype B and C. phaseoli, was found 46 to 60 DAE.

We report Parica as the first host recorded for Mysaromima liquescens Meyrick, and the damaging potential of M. liquescens larvae as borers in Nova Canaa do Norte, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Os afídeos são importantes pragas na agricultura, principalmente por serem vetores de fitovírus, os quais são transmitidos geralmente no momento da picada de prova. Além disso, os afídeos também removem os aminoácidos nitrogenados das plantas ao se alimentarem no floema e injetam substâncias presentes na saliva, que interferem na fisiologia da planta. Entre as táticas de controle para o manejo integrado desses insetos, pode-se citar o emprego de inseticidas químicos ou botânicos e o uso de produtos repelentes que tornam as plantas pulverizadas não atrativas, evitando que pulgões pousem e se alimentem normalmente da planta. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se estudar a bioatividade de extratos orgânicos das Meliaceae Trichilia pallida, Trichillia claussenii,Trichilia catigua, Toona ciliata e Guarea guidonia e dos óleos essenciais das Piperaceae Piper amalago, Piper umbellatum, Piper claussenianum e Piper sp. em relação a pulgões, utilizando como espécie-modelo R. maidis. Os extratos orgânicos das Meliaceae foram obtidos, por maceração, com o uso dos solventes hexano, diclorometano e etanol, nessa sequência de extração. O extrato hexânico de T. pallida foi o que apresentou a maior atividade aficida, sendo então selecionado para fracionamento por cromatografia de coluna rápida utilizando, sequencialmente, os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e metanol. Entre as frações, a hexânica causou a maior mortalidade, sendo selecionada para a determinação dos modos de ação sobre R. maidis. A referida fração não apresentou ação de contato e nem ação neurotóxica; entretanto, foi constatada ação translaminar. No ensaio com Electrical Penetration Graph - EPG, os insetos apresentaram maior dificuldade para se alimentar. Entre as Piperaceae, a maior repelência e mortalidade a R. maidis foi causada por P. claussenianum, cujo óleo essencial foi então selecionado para os testes subsequentes. Sua atividade inseticida ocorreu por contato, causando rápida mortalidade, acreditandose, assim, tratar-se de um efeito neurotóxico; não foi constatado, entretanto, efeito fumigante. Quanto às alterações comportamentais, constatou-se efeito repelente sobre alados por meio de teste com olfatômetro e o efeito fagodeterrente com uso do EPG. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que entre os extratos orgânicos e óleos essenciais testados, a fração hexânica do extrato hexânico de T. pallida apresenta substâncias com atividade inseticida sobre R. maidis, sendo uma possível fonte para síntese de novos inseticidas e que o óleo essencial de P. claussenianum pode ser utilizado diretamente no controle de pulgões ou servir de fonte para a identificação de moléculas inseticidas para a síntese. Aphids are important pests in agriculture mainly because they are vectors of phytovíruses, which are normally transmitted during the aphids probe. In addition, aphids not only remove amino-nitrogen from the plants while feeding in the phloem but also inject substances present in their saliva, which interfere in plant physiology. Among the strategies for the integrated management of these insects, we can state the use of chemical or botanical insecticides as well as repellents which turn the plants into nonattractive ones, thus avoiding that aphids land and feed normally from the plant. Therefore, we studied the bioactivity of organic extracts from the Meliaceae plants Trichilia pallida, Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia catigua, Toona ciliata and Guarea guidonia and essential oils from the Piperaceae plants Piper amalago, Piper umbellatum, Piper claussenianum and Piper sp. against aphids, using R. maidis as a model species. Organic extracts from Meliaceae were obtained by maceration technique using hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol solvents, in this sequence of extraction. Hexanic extract from T. pallida provoked the highest activity against aphids being chosen for the fractionation using a chromatographic column with fast flow and using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, in this sequence. Hexanic fraction provoked the highest mortality among the fractions evaluated being chosen in order to understand its modes of action on R. maidis. This fraction had neither mode of action by contact nor neurotoxic action; however, its translaminar action was proved. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph - EPG, we observed that most of the insects had difficulty to feed themselves. Among the Piperaceae plants, the highest repellency and mortality of R. maidis was caused by P. claussenianum which was selected for the subsequent assays. Its insecticidal activity occurred through contact causing a fast mortality perhaps due to a neurotoxic effect. Nevertheless, a fumigant effect was not observed. With regard to behavioral changes, a repellent effect was proven on alates through olfactometer assay and a phagodeterrent effect was proven using EPG assay. According to the results, we concluded that among the organic extracts and essential oils evaluated, the hexanic fraction from hexanic extract from T. pallida contains substances with insecticidal activity against R. maidis being a potential source for synthesis of new insecticides while the essential oil from P. claussenianum may be used both to control aphids and to be a source for identification of insecticidal molecules aiming their synthesis.

As cigarras (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) sao insetos hemimetabolicos, cujas ninfas desenvolvem-se no subsolo. Durante toda a sua fase imatura, a ninfa permanece intimamente associada a uma unica planta hospedeira, da qual se alimenta sugando seiva da raiz. Ha registro da cigarra Quesada gigas causando prejuizos severos em plantios de parica [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby, Fabaceae], em regiao entre os Estados Para e Maranhao. Entretanto, o presente trabalho amplia a area de incidencia desse inseto associado com o parica, ao registrar a ocorrencia de Q. gigas infestando plantios no municipio de Guaranta do Norte, Estado do Mato Grosso. Dessa forma, indicamos a necessidade de mais estudos, visando a determinar as possiveis areas de infestacao dos plantios de parica por essa praga.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542011000400009.pdf: 84593 bytes, checksum: d9eeba8e3fe252834d811bfd241f3d9d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-70542011000400009.pdf: 84593 bytes, checksum: d9eeba8e3fe252834d811bfd241f3d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:05:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000400009.pdf: 84593 bytes, checksum: d9eeba8e3fe252834d811bfd241f3d9d (MD5) S1413-70542011000400009.pdf.txt: 29713 bytes, checksum: 3035f359aca7f3f1daabce1970d81a3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000400009.pdf: 84593 bytes, checksum: d9eeba8e3fe252834d811bfd241f3d9d (MD5) S1413-70542011000400009.pdf.txt: 29713 bytes, checksum: 3035f359aca7f3f1daabce1970d81a3c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-70542011000400009.pdf: 84593 bytes, checksum: d9eeba8e3fe252834d811bfd241f3d9d (MD5) S1413-70542011000400009.pdf.txt: 29713 bytes, checksum: 3035f359aca7f3f1daabce1970d81a3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-01 Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência de alguns genótipos de couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) no desenvolvimento de Plutella xylostella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Os genótipos avaliados foram: Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620, Roxa I-919, Manteiga de São José, Manteiga de Monte Alegre, Pires 2 de Campinas, Couve Comum, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2, Couve de Arthur Nogueira 1. Lagartas recém-eclodidas foram mantida em discos foliares de 8 cm de diâmetro para cada genótipo. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: duração e viabilidade das fases larval e pupal, longevidade e fecundidade de adultos, utilizando análises paramétricas e de agrupamentos para interpretação dos dados. Observou-se um prolongamento em dias no ciclo de P. xylostella, aumento no peso de pupa e maiores valores de viabilidade e fecundidade, durante a segunda geração. O genótipo Couve de Arthur Nogueira 2 foi menos favorável ao desenvolvimento de P. xylostella nas duas gerações, e Couve Comum demonstrou maior influência negativa ao inseto na segunda geração. Manteiga de Ribeirão Pires I-2620 foi o mais suscetível nas duas gerações, agrupando com este na segunda geração Pires 2 de Campinas e Manteiga de São José. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cabbage genotypes (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) on growth of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The genotypes evaluated were: Manteiga of Ribeirão Pires I-2620, Roxa I919, Manteiga of São José, Manteiga of Monte Alegre, Pires 2 of Campinas, Couve Comum, Couve of Arthur Nogueira 2, Couve of Arthur Nogueira 1. Neonate larvae were reared in 8 cm leaf discs of each genotype. The parameters evaluated were: period and viability of the larval and pupal stages, sex ratio, longevity and fecundity of adults. Parametric and Cluster analyses were used for data analysis. Overall, it was observed a developmental delay in the P. xylostella cicle, larger pupal, higher viability and fecundity during the second generation. Couve of Arthur Nogueira 2 was less favorable to the development of P. xylostella in the two generations, and Couve Comum was not an appropriate host for the insect in the second generation. Manteiga of Ribeirão Pires I-2620 was the most susceptible in both generations belonging to the same cluster with Pires 2 of Campinas and Manteiga of São José in the second generation. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

The development and reproduction of the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated in six citrus genotypes in order to identify genotypes with resistance traits that could be applied in a program for the development of citrus varieties resistant to the citrus leafminer. Tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH, and 14h photophase). Seedlings of each genotype tested were infested with eggs obtained from a stock colony of CLM maintained on 'Cravo' lemon (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck), and the duration and survival of the eggs, larval and pupal stages, pupal size and weight, fecundity and longevity of adults, and sex ratio were evaluated. No influence was observed on the duration and survival of eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella. However, pupae obtained in the hybrid C x R(4) were significantly smaller and lighter than pupae from the remaining treatments. Adult females from the hybrids C x R(4) and C x R(315) were the least fecund. However, the lowest value for the corrected reproductive potential (CRP) was recorded in the hybrid C x R(315), suggesting that this genotype is the least favorable for the development and reproduction of CLM. On the other hand, the highest CRP value obtained in the 'Rugoso' lemon confirms the susceptibility of this genotype, indicating it as the most suitable for CLM.

O conceito de Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) foi estabelecido nos Estados Unidos no final dos anos 1950 baseado no princípio de que as plantas cultivadas podem tolerar certos níveis de injúria plantas. No entanto, para evitar perdas econômicas, a medida de controle é geralmente adotada antes que o NDE seja alcançado. Assim, o momento apropriado para iniciar a medida de controle e evitar que uma população de pragas alcance o NDE foi definido como o Nível de Ação (NA). De acordo com este conceito, o controle de pragas só é apropriado quando a população do inseto for igual ou maior que o NA estabelecido ou quando se espera que esse nível seja ultrapassado em um espaço de tempo muito curto. Para cultura da soja no Brasil, o NA para desfolhadores (lagartas e outros desfolhadores) é de 30% de desfolha quando a soja estiver no estádio vegetativo ou 15% quando esse estádio for o reprodutivo. Para percevejos, o NA é de 2 percevejos ® 0,5 cm (ninfas de 3º instar até adultos) por metro entre os estádios R3 e R6 de desenvolvimento da soja, quando a soja for destinada para produção de grãos ou 1 percevejo ® 0,5 cm por metro, quando a lavoura for destinada para produção de sementes.

Emphasis has been given in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to the implementation of more sustainable production practices, including what has been termed agrosilvopastoral production system (ASPS), which involves the integration of different types of land use in a same area along time, seeking increased ecological stability. The Gamasina mite group (order Mesostigmata) is usually diverse and abundant in non-cultivated soils, where they can prey on arthropods and nematodes; some are commercialized for biological pest control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and abundance of edaphic Gamasina in plots of grain production managed under conventional (alternating cultivation) system and under ASPS, both with the adoption of no-tillage cultivation, in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso state. In samples of soil and litter taken biweekly from August 2015 to May 2016, 762 Gamasina representing 32 species of 21 genera and nine families were collected. Considering both systems together, the dominant Gamasina were quite different from those of other parts of Brazil. Calculated ecological indexes showed no major differences between the two systems, possibly because of the relatively short time since the implementation of ASPS. In both systems, Rhodacaridae was one of the dominant families (37.5% of the Gamasina), followed by Macrochelidae (20.9%) and Laelapidae (18.8%). The most abundant species were Multidentirhodacarus squamosus Karg (Rhodacaridae), a new species of Holostaspella (Macrochelidae) and Cosmolaelaps barbatus Moreira, Klompen and Moraes (Laelapidae). Future studies are warranted, allowing more time for the adoption of ASPS to produce possible ecological changes. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-28T01:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2021-cpamt-rmp-gamasina-mite-communities-grain-production-systems-southwestern-brazilian-amazon.pdf: 831669 bytes, checksum: 97b4ac91871a8fbb009b5b4a981ddaa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Resumo: Benzoato de Emamectina tem sido amplamente utilizado para o controle de lepidópteros-praga em cultivos de grãos e fibras e, portanto, há o risco de seleção de populações resistentes caso as estratégias de manejo da resistência não sejam respeitadas. Portanto, objetivou-se com este estudo monitorar a suscetibilidade de populações de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Mato Grosso assim como avaliar a efetividade de controle de S. frugiperda em campo com rotações de grupos químicos incluindo esse inseticida. Houve baixa variabilidade nos níveis de suscetibilidade entre as populações de S. frugiperda (razões de resistência entre 1,01 e 7,31 vezes). Os resultados de controle em campo reforçaram os valores obtidos no monitoramento de suscetibilidade e, portanto, o uso desse inseticida em um programa de rotação de grupos químicos em Mato Grosso é viável. Monitoramentos de suscetibilidade devem ser constantes para todos os ingredientes ativos utilizados no controle dessa espécie para que possíveis evoluções nos níveis de tolerância sejam detectadas no início e então, ações mitigadoras possam ser implementadas rapidamente. | Abstract: Emamectin benzoate has been largely used for controling lepidopterans larvae in grains and fiber crops and, therefore, selection of resistant populations to this pesticide is a real risk if ignored the insect resistance management (IRM) strategies. We studied the susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) populations in the state of Mato Grosso - Brazil to Emamectin benzoate as well as a field study about Mode of Action rotation including this compound. Low variations in susceptibility (resistance ratios, 1,01-7,31 fold) were detected among the evalueted S. frugiperda populations. The field study reinforced our monitorings outcome that Emamectin Benzoate controls S. frugiperda and its use in IRM in Mato Grosso is practicable. Susceptibility monitoring should be continuous in order to detect possible increases of tolerance rates not only for this pesticide but also for all compounds used for this pest management aiming to apply early mitigation actions. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-28T01:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2021-cpamt-rmp-uso-benzoato-emamectina-manejo-spodoptera-fungiperda-milho.pdf: 806187 bytes, checksum: 9f3a8493d826fff22e160ebeb5668732 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Emamectin Benzoate was registered recently in Brazil to control Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean. We studied the baseline susceptibility of Mato Grosso populations of C. includes to support Insect Resistance Management programs by standard feeding assays on insecticide-surface of artificial diet. Variation in susceptibility between populations was low. The LC50 values from 11 populations varied between 0.015 a 0.065 μg i.a. cm-2. Based on our results, we propose the discriminant concentration of 2.867 μg i.a. cm-2 of emamectin benzoate to monitor insecticide resistance in C. includes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-13T00:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019cpamtrafaelpittalinhabasicaSuscetibilidadechrysodeixisincludensbenzoatoemamectina.pdf: 475865 bytes, checksum: 79e357de1b07647d7f0ae4a85852caa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Bioassay.

The cultivation of soybean near to cotton areas has favored the migration of lepidopteran pests between those crops, including the soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens, which usually attacks soybean leaves but can also attack cotton plants. The objective of this study is to identify the density of C. includens larvae capable of decreasing cotton productivity. Six treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 16 larvae.meter-1) with five replications were arranged in a completely randomized block design. Plants of cultivar FM 944GL at stage F2 were protected by PVC cages (length, 1.0 m; width, 1.0 m, height, 1.6 m) covered with organza fabric and infested with third-instar larvae. Crop yield and defoliation data were subjected to analysis of variance using the F-test and regression analysis. The results indicated that the presence of two third-instar larvae.m-1 did not affect cotton yield in the F2 phase whereas four or more third-instar larvae.m-1 decreased cotton yield. The rate of defoliation was 4%, 10%, 6%, 13%, and 24% in the treatments with two, four, six, eight, and sixteen larvae, respectively. Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum; soybean looper; herbivory; management. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-15T18:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effectofthelarvaldensity.pdf: 205681 bytes, checksum: b6cb2399d0471b1e9d5c8fc72c42f129 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is part of an important complex of insects-pests that attack the cotton crop. This study aimed to identify the preferential plant parts for the oviposition of moths, as well as the movement and feeding behavior of caterpillars, in the vegetative phase of the cotton cultivar BRS 369 RF. Plants emitting floral buds were used to study the oviposition behavior of moths. For this, a completely randomized design, with three treatments (adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf and floral buds) and twenty replications (plants in pots), was used. In order to evaluate the behavior of the caterpillars in the cotton vegetative phase, another 3 × 5 factorial design, with nine replications, was used. The treatments were three ages (first, second and third instars) combined with five behaviors (walking, resting, waving, eating and drop-off). In this trial, the period of the day when caterpillars are more active was also evaluated. It was observed that H. armigera moths prefer to lay their eggs on the adaxial leaf side and on the last two nodes of the plant, in a descending direction. The adaxial leaf side is also the part of the plant preferred by caterpillars for walking, eating and resting, being this last behavior the most frequent in all instars. In general, the caterpillars walk more in the morning. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-15T18:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BehavioralaspectsofHelicoverpa.pdf: 252505 bytes, checksum: 486204e8dbbd91435a628abc4d9398b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Título em português: Aspectos comportamentais de Helicoverpa armigera na fase vegetativa do algodoeiro.

PR-BR: Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) são as principais coleobrocas associadas a cultura da bananeira no Brasil. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de iscas atrativas para o monitoramento destes coleópteros, no período de maio a setembro de 2012 (estação seca) e outubro de 2012 a abril de 2013 (estação chuvosa), nas condições de bioma amazônico. O experimento foi instalado em um bananal comercial (cv. Nanicão), dividido em três parcelas de 0,5 hectare cada, avaliando os seguintes tratamentos: 1) feromônio sintético de agregação específico para a espécie C. sordidus (testemunha); 2) melaço de cana-de-açúcar e; 3) toletes de cana-de-açúcar. Verificou-se que as três iscas apresentaram comportamento similar no período seco e chuvoso, com maior captura de C. sordidus na época chuvosa. O melaço de cana-de-açúcar e os toletes de cana-de-açúcar não demonstraram eficiência na captura de C. sordidus. A isca atrativa confeccionada de toletes de cana-de-açúcar, em armadilha pitfall, mostrou-se eficiente para monitoramento e coleta massal de M. hemipterus em áreas de bananal. | EN: Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Metamasius hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are the main beetles associated with banana plants in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of attractive traps for monitoring these beetles, from May to September 2012 (hot season) and October 2012 to April 2013 (rainy season), in the Amazon biome conditions. The experiment was installed in commercial banana plantations that produce the banana variety cv. Nanicão, divided into three plots of 0.5 hectare each, assessing the following treatments: 1) synthetic aggregation pheromone for the species C. sordidus (control); 2) molasses sugarcane and; 3) sugarcane oarlock. It was found that the three baits showed similar behavior in the hot and rainy season, with the highest catch of C. sordidus in the rainy season. The molasses sugarcane and sugarcane oarlock did not show efficiency in the capture of C. sordidus. Attractive bait sugarcane oarlock, in pitfall trap, proved efficient for both monitoring and mass collect M. hemipterus in banana plantations. Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-04T00:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018cpamtrafaelpittaiscamonitoramentocurculionideobananalbananal.pdf: 382960 bytes, checksum: 10689376dfaae3eef26bfd4e9ca5e32c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-03

PT-BR: O percevejo Euschistus heros ataca diversas culturas do sistema de grãos e fibras no estado do Mato Grosso, podendo causar danos severos na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos/plumas. A utilização corriqueira de moléculas com o mesmo modo de ação para o controle deste inseto, juntamente com aplicações recorrentes favorecem o processo de seleção de indivíduos resistentes aos inseticidas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a suscetibilidade de populações de E. heros em Mato Grosso, às moléculas inseticidas tiametoxam, imidacloprido, lambdacialotrina e betaciflutrina foram coletadas populações nos municípios de Sinop, Nova Mutum e Rondonópolis. A curva de suscetibilidade em uma população suscetível de laboratório foi feita para depois se determinar as doses diagnósticas (CL95) para fazer-se o monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações desse percevejo às moléculas. Em relação à toxicidade das moléculas tiametoxam foi a mais tóxica para E. heros, enquanto a de betaciflutrina apresentou a menor toxicidade, sendo 68 vezes menor que tiametoxam. Como resultado final dos bioensaios conclui-se que todas as populações testadas se comportaram como suscetíveis às moléculas avaliadas. EN: The stink bug Euschistus heros attacks several crops of grains and fiber the state of Mato Grosso, which may cause severe damage to the productivity and quality of the seeds/plume. The repeated use of molecules with the same mode of action to control this insect favors selecting individual resistant individuals to insecticides. Aiming to evaluate the susceptibility of E. heros to the insecticides molecules thiamethoxan, imidacloprid, betacyfluthrin and lambdacyhalothrin populations from Sinop, Nova Mutum and Rondonopolis were collected. Susceptibility curve in a laboratory susceptible population was determined in order to establish diagnostic doses (CL95) to monitor the susceptibility of populations of E. heros to the insecticides molecules. Regarding the toxicity of the assayed molecules, thiamethoxam was the most toxic to E. heros, while the betacyfluthrin had the lowest toxicity (68 fold lower than thiametoxam). As result of the bioassays, we concluded that all populations tested behaved as susceptible to the tested molecules Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T23:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018cpamtrafaelpittasustentabilidadeeuschistusinseticidamatogrosso.pdf: 240165 bytes, checksum: 3a57a133707aeeb5d537b70469c254a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-06

The influence of Urochloa brizantha (variety Marandu) grazing systems on Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) and the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) was studied to understand the benefits of integrated systems in pest management. The pastoral systems studied were: (M) monoculture, (SP) silvopastoral and (ICLF). We assessed the number, per square meter, of alive spittlebug nymphs or infected by M. anisopliae as well as the demanded number of entomopathogen sprays in each pasture system to control the pest. Throughout the experiment period, M. spectabilis was the unique species found. Silvopastoral had a higher number of alive nymphs and a lower percentage of the infected nymphs compared to pasture in monoculture; however, in both systems, only one spray of M. anisopliae was enough to keep the pest below its threshold. In agrosilvopastoral system, there was no spittlebugs infestation, consequently, none sprays was demanded. Thus, intensified production systems such ICLF may be more sustainable, considering pest aspects. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-06T18:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019cpamtrafaelpittainfluencepastoralmahanarvaspectabilisentomopathogenmetarhiziumsorokin.pdf: 362586 bytes, checksum: 30350d57b6d05e096106cdfe12033dbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Ataques de lagartas em áreas cultivadas com milho Bt na última safra reforçam a necessidade de se adotar medidas para preservar essa tecnologia no Brasil. Respeitar as áreas de refúgio e realizar a rotação de genes para reduzir a pressão de seleção sobre os insetos estão entre as estratégias recomendadas

Embora existam regiões mais dinâmicas economicamente, uma das características da pecuária brasileira é a elevada heterogeneidade dos sistemas de produção. Este cenário é reflexo do variado ecossistema brasileiro, de diferenças socioeconômicas regionais e culturais. A produção de bovinos para fins comerciais vem passando por adequações nos últimos anos em virtude da expectativa do mercado no que diz respeito à segurança alimentar e qualidade da matéria prima. A demanda é crescente para produtos que atendam aos requisitos mínimos definidos em regulamentos técnicos de identidade e qualidade. Além da adequação às normativas técnicas, cada vez mais uma parcela do mercado consumidor tem procurado alimentos produzidos a partir de modelos de exploração mais eficientes e ambientalmente mais sustentáveis. Além disso, uma maior atenção tem sido dada aos aspectos relacionados à criação, transporte e abate dos animais de produção. A importância do bem estar animal sobre o processo produtivo precisa continuar sendo discutida, incluindo sua interferência na produtividade dos animais em um país de clima tropical como o Brasil. A perda da produtividade das pastagens no cerrado é hoje outro problema frequente para produção animal baseada em sistemas extensivos e, em consequência, produtores fazem a opção pela abertura de novas áreas. Entretanto, a sociedade tem pressionado para que o aumento dessas áreas não se dê através dos desmatamentos, especialmente em biomas frágeis e/ou estratégicos como a Amazônia e o Cerrado brasileiro. A vinculação da pecuária ao desmatamento, às emissões de metano por fermentação entérica e ao aumento das áreas de pastagem degradadas pelo mau uso ocupa espaço na mídia e provoca impactos negativos junto à sociedade. Apesar de alguns avanços e o surgimento de propostas como o Plano ABC (Agricultura de Baixo Carbono), ainda hoje a atividade pecuária, em algumas regiões, caracteriza-se pelo processo de exploração indiscriminada de seus recursos naturais. A eficiência do sistema como um todo é determinante para que a propriedade viabilize sua permanência consolidada no mercado, de forma sustentável tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto do social e ambiental. A integração dos sistemas de produção, envolvendo a produção de grãos, pecuária e o componente florestal, desponta como sendo uma das opções mais viáveis para este processo, pois estes sistemas podem ser considerados mais robustos, ou seja, menos vulneráveis à dinâmica dos mercados, às oscilações de preço ou a qualquer outro fator capaz de interferir com a rentabilidade da propriedade.

The development and reproduction of the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated in six citrus genotypes in order to identify genotypes with resistance traits that could be applied in a program for the development of citrus varieties resistant to the citrus leafminer. Tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH, and 14h photophase). Seedlings of each genotype tested were infested with eggs obtained from a stock colony of CLM maintained on 'Cravo' lemon (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck), and the duration and survival of the eggs, larval and pupal stages, pupal size and weight, fecundity and longevity of adults, and sex ratio were evaluated. No influence was observed on the duration and survival of eggs, larvae and pupae of P. citrella. However, pupae obtained in the hybrid C x R4 were significantly smaller and lighter than pupae from the remaining treatments. Adult females from the hybrids C x R4 and C x R315 were the least fecund. However, the lowest value for the corrected reproductive potential (CRP) was recorded in the hybrid C x R315, suggesting that this genotype is the least favorable for the development and reproduction of CLM. On the other hand, the highest CRP value obtained in the 'Rugoso' lemon confirms the susceptibility of this genotype, indicating it as the most suitable for CLM.