Search

Abstract Background Anti-PD-(L)1 agent are approved as first- and second-line treatment options in advanced urothelial cancer (UC), but information about long-term survival is scarce. There is a need for prognostic factors, as these may help in the decision-making concerning anti-PD-(L)1 in patients with UC. Here, we examined long-term survival following anti-PD-(L)1 in advanced UC and assessed clinical factors for their correlation with survival. Methods We collected data from patients with advanced UC treated with anti-PD-(L)1 between 2013 and 2023. Overall- and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent variables were analysed by uni- and multivariate Cox regression for their association with OS and PFS. Results Survival analyses included 552 patients. Patient characteristics in our cohort were consistent with those of a typical advanced UC population. After median follow-up of 49 months, five-year OS and PFS rates were 16.0% and 6.9% respectively. The absence of visceral and/or bone metastases and elevated C-reactive protein level, gamma-glutamyltransferase level and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were identified as favourable prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions A selected subset of patients with advanced UC may experience long-term clinical benefit from anti-PD-(L)1 treatment. We identified prognostic factors that might be used for risk assessment and clinical trial stratification.

Abstract Extreme hydrological and thermal regimes characterize the Mediterranean zone and can influence the phenology of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in reservoirs. Our study examined the seasonal changes in GHG emissions of a shallow, eutrophic, hardwater reservoir in Spain. We observed distinctive seasonal patterns for each gas. CH4 emissions substantially increased during stratification, influenced predominantly by the increase in water temperature, net ecosystem production, and the decline in reservoir mean depth. N2O emissions mirrored CH4's seasonal trend, significantly correlating to water temperature, wind speed, and gross primary production. Conversely, CO2 emissions decreased during stratification and displayed a quadratic, rather than a linear relationship with water temperature—an unexpected deviation from CH4 and N2O emission patterns—likely associated with photosynthetic uptake of bicarbonate and formation of intracellular calcite that might be exported to sediments. This investigation highlights the imperative of integrating these idiosyncratic patterns into GHG emissions models, enhancing their predictive power.

Abstract Reservoirs act as carbon sinks when sedimentation of particulate organic carbon (POC) exceeds CO2 and CH4 emissions. Here, we study the poorly explored process where phytoplankton‐derived acidic polysaccharides (APs) aggregate into particulate organic matter, promoting carbon export to sediments. This source of POC in sediments can mineralize to CO2 and CH4 over various timescales. Our research, centered on a Mediterranean reservoir, elucidates phenological trends of APs and POC sedimentation and identifies their predominant drivers. Our findings present synchronic sedimentation patterns of POC and APs but identify a 2‐week delay between POC sedimentation and CH4 emissions. Despite its eutrophic status, our data demonstrate this reservoir's role as a carbon sink, sequestering 4.33 g C m−2 yr−1. This highlights the need to consider various time scales when quantifying carbon budgets in reservoirs.

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de caries dental en niños preescolares con labio y paladar fisurado. Metodología: estudio de tipo analítico transversal donde participaron 70 niños de 3 a 6 años con FLAP que fueron atendidos por el servicio de odontopediatría de la Organización No Gubernamental Qorito (Lima-Perú), de enero a diciembre del 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron caries dental, higiene oral, dieta, tipo de fisura, sexo, edad. Los análisis aplicados fueron la evaluación de Spearman, la prueba de Chi cuadrado y la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de caries dental en niños con FLAP fue del 92,9%. Para esto se empleó un índice que codifica los dientes deciduos como cariados, extraídos y obturados (CEOD) con manchas blancas. Además, se encontró que el tipo de fisura es un factor de riesgo para la caries dental con un (OR) de 3,15. Conclusión: la caries dental tiene una relación significativa con una deficiente higiene oral. A su vez, los niños con labio y paladar fisurado con una buena higiene oral tenían menos probabilidades de desarrollar caries dental que aquellos con una higiene oral deficiente.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido mostrar como las finanzas éticas y solidarias pueden jugar un papel fundamental en la transición socioecológica justa y sostenible. Para ello aplicamos dos marcos analíticos. La Economía Rosquilla, que sirve de brújula, y el MLP, que identifica la relación entre las finanzas y las innovaciones en la transición. Empleamos el caso de Fiare Banca Ética concluir como su funcionamiento real hace prosperar a las organizaciones de la ESS, que son el germen de cambio en el sistema capitalista para transicionar a un espacio de prosperidad, donde las valores de la ESS son fundamentales: solidaridad, justicia, democracia y cuidados de la vida.

La necesidad de cambiar el paradigma socioeconómico actual requiere plantearse qué sistemas están en condiciones de facilitar la transición hacia una economía más sostenible medioambientalmente y equitativa socialmente. El objetivo de este artículo teórico es evaluar la capacidad de la Economía Solidaria para conducir hacia una transición socioecológica justa. La metodología utiliza es aplicar la caracterización que hace la biomimética de los sistemas maduros. Las conclusiones que se extraen del análisis son que los principios que rigen la Economía Solidaria la convierten en un modelo de referencia para generar estructuras, procesos y organizaciones sostenibles, inclusivas, equitativas y de calidad, al servicio de las necesidades de las personas y vinculadas al territorio.

Children worldwide are becoming increasingly inactive, leading to significant wellness challenges. Initial findings from our research team indicate that robots could potentially provide a more effective approach (compared to other age-appropriate toys) for encouraging physical activity in children. However, the basis of this past work relied on either interactions with groups of children (making it challenging to isolate specific factors that influenced activity levels) or a preliminary version of results of the present study (which centered on just a single more exploratory method for assessing child movement). This paper delves into more controlled interactions involving a single robot and a child participant, while also considering observations over an extended period to mitigate the influence of novelty on the study outcomes. We discuss the outcomes of a two-month-long deployment, during which $N=8$ participants engaged with our custom robot, GoBot, in weekly sessions. During each session, the children experienced three different conditions: a teleoperated robot mode, a semi-autonomous robot mode, and a control condition in which the robot was present but inactive. Compared to our past related work, the results expanded our findings by confirming with greater clout (based on multiple data streams, including one more robust measure compared to the past related work) that children tended to be more physically active when the robot was active, and interestingly, there were no significant differences between the teleoperated and semi-autonomous modes in terms of our study measures. These insights can inform future applications of assistive robots in child motor interventions, including the guiding of appropriate levels of autonomy for these systems. This study demonstrates that incorporating robotic systems into play environments can boost physical activity in young children, indicating potential implementation in settings crafted to enhance children’s physical movement.

Accurate posture detection of elderly people is crucial to improve monitoring and provide timely alerts in homes and elderly care facilities. Human posture recognition is experiencing a great leap in performance with the incorporation of deep neural networks (DNNs) such as YOLOv9. Unfortunately, DNNs require large amounts of annotated data for training, which can be addressed by using virtual reality images. This paper investigates how to address the appearance domain that lies between synthetic and natural images. Therefore, four experiments (VIRTUAL–VIRTUAL; HYBRID–VIRTUAL; VIRTUAL–REAL; and HYBRID–REAL) were designed to assess the feasibility of recognising the postures of virtual or real elderly people after training with virtual and real images of elderly people. The results show that YOLOv9 achieves the most outstanding accuracy of 98.41% in detecting and discriminating between standing, sitting, and lying postures after training on a large number of virtual images complemented by a much smaller number of real images when testing on real images.

Objetivo: Establecer los factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de caries dental en niños de cero a 12 años con labio y paladar fisurado de las regiones de Arequipa, Cusco, Puno, Junín y Lima. Metodología: Estudio analítico, transversal, retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 216 niños con fisura de labio y paladar de cero a 12 años de cinco regiones del Perú que acudieron a evaluación odontopediátrica durante los años 2018 al 2023. El muestreo fue no probabilístico y para medir caries dental se usó el índice ceod/CPOD y para los factores de riesgo se midió la higiene oral (Green y Vermillon), la dieta inadecuada (lactancia nocturna y golpes de azúcar). Resultados: la prevalencia de caries dental observada fue con una media máxima de ceod de 2,96 (Junín) para menores de tres años, de 10,10 (Cusco) de cuatro a seis años y de 8,64 (Junín) para siete a 12 años. En cuanto a la dieta inadecuada se encontró que la lactancia nocturna con fórmula tuvo una asociación significativa en todas las regiones estudiadas y se encontró que solo Lima se mantuvo con valores de asociación significativos para golpes de azúcar (p

Se ha estudiado la evolución espacio-temporal de variables limnológicas clásicas en un embalse mediterráneo: Rules, en la provincia de Granada, tras su inauguración. La dinámica de los nutrientes y de la clorofila-a está fuertemente condicionada por: (i) los aportes a través de las aguas fluviales; (ii) la actividad fotosintética en las capas superiores de la columna de agua y (iii) la acumulación de ortofosfato y de amonio en el hipolimnion anóxico durante la estratificación térmica. La tasa de sedimentación en el embalse de Rules muestra un claro gradiente creciente en el sentido presa-cola, reflejando la importante contribución de material alóctono fluvial. Finalmente, la comparación de las concentraciones totales de fósforo y nitrógeno tras 10 años de funcionamiento, en los que, entre otros factores, ha mejorado la depuración de aguas residuales en la cuenca de captación, ha mostrado una drástica disminución.

Abstract Oncology treatments require continuous individual adjustment based on the measurement of multiple clinical parameters. Prediction tools exploiting the patterns present in the clinical data could be used to assist decision making and ease the burden associated to the interpretation of all these parameters. The goal of this study was to predict the evolution of patients with pancreatic cancer at their next visit using information routinely recorded in health records, providing a decision‐support system for clinicians. We selected hematological variables as the visit's clinical outcomes, under the assumption that they can be predictive of the evolution of the patient. Multivariate models based on regression trees were generated to predict next‐visit values for each of the clinical outcomes selected, based on the longitudinal clinical data as well as on molecular data sets streaming from in silico simulations of individual patient status at each visit. The models predict, with a mean prediction score (balanced accuracy) of 0.79, the evolution trends of eosinophils, leukocytes, monocytes, and platelets. Time span between visits and neutropenia were among the most common factors contributing to the predicted evolution. The inclusion of molecular variables from the systems‐biology in silico simulations provided a molecular background for the observed variations in the selected outcome variables, mostly in relation to the regulation of hematopoiesis. In spite of its limitations, this study serves as a proof of concept for the application of next‐visit prediction tools in real‐world settings, even when available data sets are small.

Abstract The Entropic Associative Memory is a novel declarative and distributed computational model of associative memory. The model is general, conceptually simple, and offers an alternative to models developed within the artificial neural networks paradigm. The memory uses a standard table as its medium, where the information is stored in an indeterminate form, and the entropy plays a functional and operation role. The memory register operation abstracts the input cue with the current memory content and is productive; memory recognition is performed through a logical test; and memory retrieval is constructive. The three operations can be performed in parallel using very few computing resources. In our previous work we explored the auto-associative properties of the memory and performed experiments to store, recognize and retrieve manuscript digits and letters with complete and incomplete cues, and also to recognize and learn phones, with satisfactory results. In such experiments a designated memory register was used to store all the objects of the same class, whereas in the present study we remove such restriction and use a single memory register to store all the objects in the domain. In this novel setting we explore the production of emerging objects and relations, such that cues are used not only to retrieve remembered objects, but also related and imaged objects, and to produce association chains. The present model supports the view that memory and classification are independent functions both conceptually and architecturally. The memory system can store images of the different modalities of perception and action, possibly multimodal, and offers a novel perspective on the imagery debate and computational models of declarative memory.

Abstract The Entropic Associative Memory (EAM) holds declarative but distributed representations of remembered objects. These are characterized as functions from features to discrete values in an abstract amodal space. Memory objects are registered or remembered through a declarative operation; memory recognition is defined as a logical test and cues of objects not contained in the memory are rejected directly without search; and memory retrieval is a constructive operation. In its original formulation, the content of basic memory units or cells was either on or off, hence all stored objects had the same weight or strength. In the present weighted version (W-EAM) we introduce a basic learning mechanism to the effect that the values of the cells used in the representation of an object are reinforced by the memory register operation. As memory cells are shared by different representations, the corresponding associations are reinforced too. The memory system supports a second form of learning: the distributed representation generalizes and renders a large set of potential or latent units that can used for recognizing novel inputs, which can in turn be used for improving the performance of both the deep neural networks used for modelling perception and action, and of the memory operations. This process can be performed recurrently in open-ended fashion and can be used in long term learning. An experiment in the phonetic domain using the Mexican Spanish DIMEx100 Corpus was carried out. This corpus was collected in a controlled noise-free environment, and was transcribed manually by human trained phoneticians, but consists of a relatively small number of utterances. DIMEx100 was used to produced the initial state of the perceptual and motor modules, and for testing the performance of the memory system at such state. Then the incremental learning cycle was modelled using the Spanish CIEMPIESS Corpus, consisting of a very large number of noisy untagged speech utterances collected from radio and TV. The results support the viability of the Weighted Entropic Associative Memory for modelling cognitive processes, such as phonetic representation and learning, for the construction of applications, such as speech recognition and synthesis, and as a computational model of natural memory.

Introduction: The lack of knowledge about denture hygiene can negatively affect their maintenance. On the other hand, good oral hygiene can reduce the chances of plaque accumulation. Objetive: To determine if there is a relationship between knowledge of hygiene and denture maintenance. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was applied to 67 patients who wore partial and/or total removable prostheses daily to evaluate their knowledge of denture hygiene. For the evaluation of denture maintenance, clinical inspection of the removable prosthesis was carried out using the Vigild criterion to observe the amount of plaque that was adhered to it. Data were statistically processed with Spearman's correlation test to determine the relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance. Results: The patients presented a medium (37.3%) and low (56.7%) denture hygiene knowledge; and fair (68.7%) and poor (11.9%) maintenance of their prosthesis. There is a statistically significant relationship between hygiene knowledge and denture maintenance (p

Abstract Background The French PRODIGE 7 trial, published on January 2021, has raised doubts about the specific survival benefit provided by HIPEC with oxaliplatin 460 mg/m2 (30 minutes) for the treatment of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer. However, several methodological flaws have been identified in PRODIGE 7, specially the HIPEC protocol or the choice of overall survival as the main endpoint, so its results have not been assumed as definitive, emphasizing the need for further research on HIPEC. It seems that the HIPEC protocol with high-dose mytomicin-C (35 mg/m2) is the preferred regime to evaluate in future clinical studies. Methods GECOP-MMC is a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter phase IV clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HIPEC with high-dose mytomicin-C in preventing the development of peritoneal recurrence in patients with limited peritoneal metastasis from colon cancer (not rectal), after complete surgical cytoreduction. This study will be performed in 31 Spanish HIPEC centres, starting in March 2022. Additional international recruiting centres are under consideration. Two hundred sixteen patients with PCI ≤ 20, in which complete cytoreduction (CCS 0) has been obtained, will be randomized intraoperatively to arm 1 (with HIPEC) or arm 2 (without HIPEC). We will stratified randomization by surgical PCI (1–10; 11–15; 16–20). Patients in both arms will be treated with personalized systemic chemotherapy. Primary endpoint is peritoneal recurrence-free survival at 3 years. An ancillary study will evaluate the correlation between surgical and pathological PCI, comparing their respective prognostic values. Discussion HIPEC with high-dose mytomicin-C, in patients with limited (PCI ≤ 20) and completely resected (CCS 0) peritoneal metastases, is assumed to reduce the expected risk of peritoneal recurrence from 50 to 30% at 3 years. Trial registration EudraCT number: 2019–004679-37; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05250648 (registration date 02/22/2022, ).

It is necessary to determine the volume of water contained in a tank for a wide range of applications, such as the automation and monitoring of industrial operations. In the context of the marine industry, the aforementioned information plays a vital role in the effective management of submerged devices, specifically in relation to their depths and/or inclinations. In these cases, it is not feasible to quantify the volume of liquid in a tank by means of direct measurements, owing to the fact that devices can be subjected to changes in their orientation. This variation in inclination could have a variety of causes, such as the implementation of automated emersion–immersion maneuvers in a TEC or variations in depth in an AUV. Nevertheless, it can be deduced by considering the level of the tank and its geometric properties. This paper presents a new methodology-based sensorial system (composed of three capacitive sensors and an inclinometer) for accurate determination of the volume of a liquid contained within a cylindrical tank subjected to full variations in its orientation. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology-based sensorial system has been verified by the results obtained from experiments conducted on a laboratory platform, thus demonstrating the high reliability of the model experiment and the relative errors study carried out.

Introduction: Maintaining quality of life is one of the most important results of care services. Several plans support the importance of measuring it in older adults. Objective: To assess oral health-related quality of life in members of a senior center in Lima, Peru. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 1800 older adults. The sample consisted of 184 participants. The oral health impact profile instrument (OHIP14sp) was used to measure quality of life in relation to oral health. Content validity was performed by a group of evaluators and the consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha test. The information was summarized in percentages and Fisher's and chi-square hypothesis tests were used to identify the relationship of quality of life with gender and age, and Poisson regression. Results: The quality of life of older adults was poor in 9.8%, good in 23.4%, and excellent in 66.8%. Women (71%) had a better quality of life than men (58%). It was observed that the younger the age, the better the quality of life. Most of the adults were able to perform their daily activities except for 7.1%. Oral health did not have a negative impact on the quality of life of older adults in terms of psychological discomfort, functional limitation and handicap, only 61%, 49% and 17%, respectively. Conclusions: The impact on oral health in Lima identified as excellent or regular the quality of life in relation to oral health of older adults attending the San Isidro Senior Center.

Pancreatic cancer adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease, with the lowest 5-years survival rate of all cancers due to late diagnosis. Despite the advance and success of precision oncology in gastrointestinal cancers, the frequency of molecular-informed therapy decisions in PDAC is currently neglectable. The reasons for this dismal situation are mainly the absence of effective early diagnostic biomarkers and therapy resistance. PDAC cancer stem cells (PDAC-SC), which are regarded as essential for tumor initiation, relapse and drug resistance, are highly dependent on their niche i.e. microanatomical structures of the tumor microenvironment. There is an altered microbiome in PDAC patients embedded within the highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, which is known to determine therapeutic responses and affecting survival in PDAC patients. We consider that understanding the communication network that exists between the microbiome and the PDAC-SC niche by co-culture of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) with TME microbiota would recapitulate the complexity of PDAC paving the way towards a precision oncology treatment-response prediction.

Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma (cdRCC), which until recently was thought to arise from the collecting ducts of Bellini in the renal medulla, is a rare and aggressive type of non-clear renal cell carcinoma (ncRCC), accounting for 1% of all renal tumors and with nearly 50% of patients being diagnosed with Stage IV disease. The median overall survival in this setting is less than 12 months. Several regimens of chemotherapies had been used based on morphologic and cytogenetic similarities with urothelial cell carcinoma described previously, although the prognosis still remains poor. The use of targeted therapies also did not result in favorable outcomes. Recent works using NGS have highlighted genomic alterations in SETD2, CDKN2A, SMARCB1, and NF2. Moreover, transcriptomic studies have confirmed the differences between urothelial carcinoma and cdRCC, the possible true origin of this disease in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), differentiating from other RCC (e.g., clear cell and papillary) that derive from the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), and enrichment in immune cells that may harbor insights in novel treatment strategies with immunotherapy and target agents. In this review, we update the current aspects of the clinical, molecular characterization, and new targeted therapeutic options for Collecting duct carcinoma and highlight the future perspectives of treatment in this setting.

Se examinan los contenidos de nitrógeno total (NT), fósforo total (PT) y las relaciones NT/PT, en 12 embalses del sur-este de la Península Ibérica, con objeto de indagar en la influencia del uso del suelo en las cuencas de captación sobre el estado trófico de estos sistemas. Los embalses mostraron relaciones NT/PT que indican limitación por P o co-limitación según el sistema considerado. Según los análisis de regresión en árbol univariados efectuados, sólo el porcentaje de áreas cultivadas clasifica significativamente a los embalses por sus contenidos en P y N, mientras el porcentaje de áreas urbanas agrupa, además, a los embalses por los contenidos en N. La relación positiva encontrada entre el porcentaje de áreas cultivadas y el estado trófico de los embalses, cuantificado según el índice de Carlson (TSI), indica un deterioro en la calidad del agua en los embalses inducido por la actividad agrícola.

BackgroundData related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), specifically immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in long-term treatment with immunotherapy in real-world practice is scarce, as is general information regarding the management of ADRs.ObjectivesTo characterize and describe the incidence of ADRs in patients who began immunotherapy treatment in clinical practice.MethodsIn a prospective observational study cancer patients ≥18 years of age who were treated with a monotherapy regime of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were evaluated. The study period was from November 2017 to June 2019 and patients were followed up until June 2021. Patients were contacted monthly by telephone and their electronic health records were reviewed. Each ADR was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 5.0).ResultsOut of 99 patients, 86 met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (67.4%), with a median age of 66 (interquartile range, IQR: 59–76). The most frequent cancer was non-small cellular lung cancer (46 cases, 53.5%), followed by melanoma (22, 25.6%). A total of 74 patients (86%) were treated with anti-PD-1 drugs and 12 (14%) were treated with anti-PD-L1 drugs. The median treatment durations were 4.9 (IQR: 1.9–17.0) and 5.9 months (IQR: 1.2–12.3), respectively. Sixty-three patients (73%) developed from a total of 156 (44% of the total number of ADR) irADRs, wherein the most frequent were skin disorders (50 cases, 32%, incidence = 30.5 irADRs/100 patients per year [p-y]), gastrointestinal disorders (29, 19%, 17.7 irADRs/100 p-y), musculoskeletal disorders (17, 11%, 10.4 irADRs/100 p-y), and endocrine disorders (14, 9%, 8.6 irADRs/100 p-y). A total of 22 irADRs (14%) had a latency period of ≥12 months. Twelve irADRs (7.7%) were categorized as grade 3–4, and while 2 (1.3%) were categorized as grade 5 (death). Sixty-one irADRs (39.1%) in 36 patients required pharmacological treatment and 47 irADRs (30.1%) in 22 patients required treatment with corticosteriods.ConclusionThe majority of patients treated with anti-PD1/PDL1-based immunotherapy experienced adverse reactions. Although most of these reactions were mild, 11.5% were categorized as grade 3 or above. A high percentage of the reactions were immune-related and occurred throughout the treatment, thereby indicating that early identification and close monitoring is essential.

Abstract Natural memories are associative, declarative and distributed, and memory retrieval is a constructive operation. In addition, cues of objects that are not contained in the memory are rejected directly. Symbolic computing memories resemble natural memories in their declarative character, and information can be stored and recovered explicitly; however, they are reproductive rather than constructive, and lack the associative and distributed properties. Sub-symbolic memories developed within the connectionist or artificial neural networks paradigm are associative and distributed, but lack the declarative property, the capability of rejecting objects that are not included in the memory, and memory retrieval is also reproductive. In this paper we present a memory model that sustains the five properties of natural memories. We use Relational-Indeterminate Computing to model associative memory registers that hold distributed representations of individual objects. This mode of computing has an intrinsic computing entropy which measures the indeterminacy of representations. This parameter determines the operational characteristics of the memory. Associative registers are embedded in an architecture that maps concrete images expressed in modality specific buffers into abstract representations and vice versa. The framework has been used to model a visual memory holding the representations of hand-written digits. The system has been tested with a set of memory recognition and retrieval experiments with complete and severely occluded images. The results show that there is a range of entropy values, not too low and not too high, in which associative memory registers have a satisfactory performance. The experiments were implemented in a simulation using a standard computer with a GPU, but a parallel architecture may be built where the memory operations would take a very reduced number of computing steps.

AIM: To determine predictive indicators for dental health management of patients with different abilities, according to a new screening protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of all patients with different abilities, diagnosed with autism, Down syndrome, cognitive deficit, cerebral palsy and others, who received care between 1999 and 2019 at the Oral Health Service of the Centro Ann Sullivan del Peru and met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from the clinical histories to determine the predictive indicators for managing dental care in these patients. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression test. The research project was evaluated by the Research Project Reviewing Committee and then referred to the Human Ethics Committee from a university, securing the relevant approvals. RESULTS: Of the 589 cases evaluated, mean age was 14.5 years, 67.9% were male; systemic diagnosis of different abilities was autism in 62%, the most frequent treatment was caries (52.1%); and final management of these patients was conscious in 96.4% of the cases. With regard to type of classification and horizon, 67.1% of the cases corresponded to classification A, with 35.95% of these in horizon I. With regard to diagnosis of different abilities, autism presented 40.2% of the cases in classification A and horizon I. A predictive equation of 97.1% probability of whether or not sedation was used was obtained. Regression analysis showed that this model has high sensitivity (100%) and low specificity (15%). CONCLUSION: Results show that the type of management for dental care was conscious in nearly all the cases dealt with. This was significantly influenced by the Classification and Horizon Screening Protocol indicator, which established the best predictive model for whether or not to use sedation. The model adequately classifies patients who do not require sedation.

La Generación Nocilla apareció en la literatura española a partir de una serie de poemas, relatos, blogs y novelas de Agustín Fernández Mallo. El ensayo Postpoesía. Hacia un nuevo paradigma (2009) completó una propuesta que se había formulado en buena medida en otro ensayo importante para la cuestión, Afterpop (2007), de Eloy Fernández Cuesta, o a Vicente Luis Mora y Pablo García Casado. Mallo buscaba una regeneración de la narrativa y de la poesía, a la que consideraba moribunda en España, desde la hibridación de los géneros, apelando a los mass-media, en un ejercicio experimental. Nocilla lab era un laboratorio o arte trasgénico, de arte informático, cómics, de arte fractal, de teatro electrónico, de arte biotecnológico, de arte posthumano o del arte del caos. Sin embargo, es difícil distinguir en algunos casos la hibridación y todo se parece sospechosamente en un neovanguardismo sin demasiado fundamento teórico al fondo. Todo se parecía mucho y era simplemente novedoso. La novela Nocilla Lab fue seguramente su momento más importante.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of oral manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets in patients treated in a Peruvian referral pediatric hospital during the years 2012-2016. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of patients diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets who attended the outpatient clinic of the Stomatology Service and the Genetics Service of the National Institute of Child Health (INSN), Lima, Peru, between the years 2012-2016. The research project was assessed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Service. Medical records stored in a database of the health institution with the Code CIE E83.3, which corresponds to the diagnosis of Hypophosphatemic Rickets, were requested for the study. Results: Fifteen children received health care, of which only 10 were treated at the Stomatology Service. The distribution of the data was obtained from these 10 patients according to the proposed objective. A higher frequency of gingival lesions was found at the soft tissue level (41.18%); at the bone tissue level, only one case of dentigerous cyst was observed; and at the dental level, 90% of the patients had dental caries. Conclusion: The most frequent oral manifestations of hypophosphatemic rickets in pediatric patients treated at the National Institute of Child Health (2012-2016) were gingivitis and dental caries.

Introduction: The effect of oxygen on the surface of resins at the moment of photopolymerization creates a layer which is susceptible to pigments. The use of glycerin may block this effect. Objective: Determine whether there is a difference in the color stability of nanohybrid composite resin subjected to a coloring agent when glycerin is either applied or not applied. Methods: Sixty resin disks were distributed into Group 1 (without glycerin) and Group 2 (with glycerin). Photopolymerization was performed for 20 s with a Bluephase®N LED lamp. The first color measurement was taken with an Easyshase®V spectrophotometer, recording the values obtained for L* (luminosity), a* (red-green axis) and b* (blue-yellow axis). The second color measurement was taken after immersion of the samples for one month in Coca-Cola®, maintaining them in an incubator at 37ºC. Statistical data analysis was performed with Student's t test to determine the color stability changes occurring in the two groups and compare them. Results: Color stability changes were observed in all the resin samples. Mean distance between initial and final color was ΔE = 6.91 in Group 1 and ΔE = 3.74 in Group 2. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups analyzed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Glycerin is an effective substance to block the effect of oxygen on the resin surface, preventing the formation of an oxygen-inhibited layer and raising the color stability of the nanohybrid composite resin.

Manuscript symbols can be stored, recognized and retrieved from an entropic digital memory that is associative and distributed but yet declarative; memory retrieval is a constructive operation, memory cues to objects not contained in the memory are rejected directly without search, and memory operations can be performed through parallel computations. Manuscript symbols, both letters and numerals, are represented in Associative Memory Registers that have an associated entropy. The memory recognition operation obeys an entropy trade-off between precision and recall, and the entropy level impacts on the quality of the objects recovered through the memory retrieval operation. The present proposal is contrasted in several dimensions with neural networks models of associative memory. We discuss the operational characteristics of the entropic associative memory for retrieving objects with both complete and incomplete information, such as severe occlusions. The experiments reported in this paper add evidence on the potential of this framework for developing practical applications and computational models of natural memory.

Renewable energy resources (for example, wind, solar or ocean currents, among others) possess an enormous potential, owing to the fact that they are a pollution-free and inexhaustible resource [...]

Abstract Recent evidence suggested that secondary surgical cytoreduction followed by chemotherapy does not result in longer overall survival in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. This statement is based on a phase III multicenter, randomized clinical trial that lacks a description of the surgical protocol, the surgical technique, and the surgical variables. In a study that evaluates surgical cytoreduction, it is mandatory to assess the grade of cytoreductive surgery achieved (Sugarbaker PH, Langenbeck’s Arch Surg 384:576–87, 1999), the extent of disease using PCI (Peritoneal Cancer Index), the technique itself, and the existence of a multidisciplinary approach with extensive upper abdominal procedures in experienced centers (Ren et al, BMC Cancer 15:1-12, 2015). There is evidence proving that the quality of cytoreduction (Al Rawahi et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, 2013), the measurement of the amount of disease by PCI (Elzarkaa et al, J Gynecol Oncol 29, 2018), and a multidisciplinary approach with supramesocolic procedures (Ren et al, BMC Cancer 15:1-12, 2015) impact overall survival. This study fails to compare chemotherapy with secondary cytoreductive surgery since, due to the lack of variables, we can assess neither the performed surgery nor its criteria. This study should not be taken into account to recommend chemotherapy alone over a surgical approach in this group of patients.

Abstract Background The liver is the most injured organ following abdominal trauma. Uncontrolled bleeding remains the main cause of early liver injury-related death, with a mortality rate of 50–54% in the first 24 h after admission and with 80% of operative deaths. Packing and reoperation account for the increased survival in severe liver trauma, and they are recommended for severe liver injuries (grades IV–V). Perihepatic packing can lead to several potential complications. An excessive packing can cause complications due to abdominal compartment syndrome, while a soft packing may be ineffective, and thus, bleeding can continue inadvertently with the consequent hypovolemic shock and potentially death. Methods We designed a new vacuum-based device to perform perihepatic packing without the negative side-effects of the classic technique. We conducted a prospective pilot feasibility study in a porcine model. We compared the traditional perihepatic packing (PHP) (n = 2) with the new VacBagPack device (VBP) (n = 2). Results Both pigs survived with the new device and showed an equivalent outcome to the one that survived in the traditional technique group. Blood tests were similar too. This suggests that VBP could be at least as effective as traditional PHP. Conclusions We establish a first step towards the development of a new packing device. A new study with a bigger sample size still in pigs will be conducted. Also, an industrial model of the device is currently in production.

Introducción: El nivel de maduración dental como indicador del nivel de maduración general de acuerdo con el método de Demirjian, puede ser afectado por la altitud geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de las edades cronológica y dental según el método Demirjian en niños de dos localidades peruanas con diferente altitud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de corte transversal, que tuvo como muestra a 179 radiografías panorámicas de niños peruanos entre 6 y 12 años: 109 radiografías de niños de la ciudad de Lima y 70 radiografías de niños de la ciudad de Huancayo. Se determinó la edad dental según el método de Demirjian, luego se relacionó con la edad cronológica en cada paciente de las dos localidades; posteriormente se comparó las diferencias de las edades en las dos ciudades. Resultados: Se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad dental y la cronológica en ambos sexos de pacientes de la ciudad de Lima (p< 0,001); mientras que solo se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica en el sexo masculino en la ciudad de Huancayo (p< 0,001 para el sexo masculino y p= 0,740 para el femenino). La comparación de las diferencias entre edad cronológica y edad dental de los pacientes de las dos ciudades es no estadísticamente significativa (U de Mann-Whitney, p= 0,057). Conclusiones: No se encontró correlación significativa entre las edades dentales y cronológicas en el sexo femenino de los pacientes habitantes a mayor altitud y al comparar las diferencias, entre la edad cronológica y la edad dental según el método Demirjian, en los habitantes de las localidades peruanas no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa.

Introduction: Surgical hand scrubbing is indispensable to prevent postoperative infection at the intervention site, a problem both current and in progress. Objective: Determine the most effective surgical hand scrubbing technique against bacterial flora among surgery students. Methods: A controlled randomized study was conducted of non-pharmacological treatments. Twelve surgery students were selected from the School of Dentistry at the University of San Martín de Porres who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The students were divided into two groups and assigned one of two surgical hand scrubbing techniques: Group A: one-step technique and Group B: traditional technique (three steps). Both techniques used bar soap and a brush. Results: In the culture medium mannitol salt agar, the traditional technique obtained a median of 52 000 CFU/mL, with a minimum 10 000 CFU/mL and a maximum 56 800 CFU/mL, whereas the one-step technique obtained a median of 19 600 CFU/mL, with a minimum of 4 400 CFU/mL and a maximum of 38 000 CFU/mL (p= 0.117). In MacConkey agar, the traditional technique obtained a median of 300 UFC/mL, with a minimum of 0 CFU/mL and a maximum of 18 000 CFU/mL, whereas the one-step technique obtained 0 UFC/mL (p= 0.054). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in the groups.

Objective: Adenoid hypertrophy is a disease whose most serious effect is the obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway, leading to severe dentoskeletal deformities. The aim of this study was to determine the volume of the nasopharynx in patients with different grades of adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted. One hundred and twenty-five cone beam computed tomographies of 8 to 12-year-old pediatric patients, obtained from the 2014-2017 database of the School of Dentistry of Universidad de San Martin de Porres, were selected. Romexis 3.6.0 software (PlanMeca®, Finland) was used. In order to make a diagnosis and determine the grade of hypertrophy (Grade 1= healthy, Grade 2= mild, Grade 3= moderate and Grade 4= severe) quantitative and qualitative methods were used; grades 2, 3 and 4 were considered pathological. The same software was used to determine the volume of the nasopharynx. Results: Grade 1 hypertrophy was 44%, mild 36,8%, moderate 13,6% and severe 5,6%, accounting for a pathological adenoid hypertrophy prevalence of 56%. The mean volume of the nasopharynx was 4.985, 3.375, 2.154 and 0.944cm3 for grades 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of pathological adenoid hypertrophy (56%). The volume of the nasopharynx decreases according to the severity of the adenoid hypertrophy.

El estudio analiza las constantes más significativas en la poesía de Ada Salas. El artículo analiza cómo existen una serie de obsesiones, vividas dramáticamente, que se van reiterando durante más de treinta años en una poética que renovó la poesía esencial hacia 1990 en España. las etapas de esta evolución son también estudiadas a través de los libros principales de cada etapa. Fundamentalmente nos referimos a La sed y Limbo y otros poemas.

Virtual reality (VR) simulators enable the evaluation of engineering systems and robotic solutions in safe and realistic environments. To do so, VR simulators must run algorithms in real time to accurately recreate the expected behaviour of real-life processes. This work was aimed at determining a suitable configuration for processing images taken from a virtual unmanned aerial vehicle developed in Unity using OpenCV. To this end, it was focused on comparing two approaches to integrate video processing in order to avoid potential pitfalls such as delays and bottlenecks. The first approach used a dynamic link library (DLL) programmed in C++, and the second an external module programmed in Python. The native DLL ran internally on the same Unity thread, as opposed to the Python module that ran in parallel to the main process and communicated with Unity through the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Pre-transmission processing, data transmission and video processing were evaluated for a pair of typical image-processing tasks like colour and face detection. The analysis confirmed that running the Python module in parallel does not overload the main Unity thread and achieves better performance than the C++ plugin in real-time simulation.

Antidot lattices made of magnetic thin films are good candidates to be employed in future magnetic recording media. In this manuscript we present a study on the effect of shape and field-induced magnetic anisotropies on the magnetization reversal of 10 nm and 50 nm thick permalloy antidot lattices. Rounded antidot square lattices were fabricated using a combination of electron beam evaporation and laser interference lithography, covering surfaces of a few cm2. We demonstrate that a magnetic anisotropy induced in the samples, as a consequence of an applied magnetic field during growth, competes with the shape anisotropy that dominates the response of the patterned thin films, and that the effect of the field-induced magnetic anisotropy scales with the thickness of the antidot thin films. Finally, we have quantified the anisotropy constant attributable to the uniaxial field-induced magnetic anisotropy in our antidot lattices. These findings are supported by micromagnetic simulations performed using MuMax3.

Some daily tasks involve grasping multiple objects in one hand and releasing them in a determined order, for example laying out a surgical table or distributing items on shelves. For training these tasks in Virtual Reality (VR), there is no technique for allowing users to grasp multiple objects in one hand in a realistic way, and it is not known if such a technique would benefit user experience. Here, we design a multi-object grasp technique that enables users to grasp multiple objects in one hand and release them in a controlled way. We tested an object placement task under three conditions: real life, VR with single-object grasp and VR with multi-object grasp. Task completion time, distance travelled by the hands and subjective experience were measured in three scenarios: sitting in front of a desktop table, standing up in front of shelves and a room-size scenario where walking was required. Results show that the performance in a real environment is better than in Virtual Reality, both for single-object and multi-object grasping. The single-object technique performs better than the multi-object, except for the room scenario, where multi-object leads to less distance travelled and reported physical demand. For use cases where the distances are small (i.e., desktop scenario), single-object grasp is simpler and easier to understand. For larger scenarios, the multi-object grasp technique represents a good option that can be considered by other application designers.

Introduction: There are various indicators of and controversies about the prevalence of dental caries in children with and without disabilities. Objective: Determine the prevalence of cavitated and uncavitated carious lesions based on the CPO-D/ceo-d index and the white spot lesion or active uncavitated lesion registry in children with and without disabilities aged 0-12 years attending the Dental Care Center at San Martín de Porres University in the period 2010-2017. Methods: A cross-sectional observational retrospective study was conducted of a population composed of the children attending the pediatric dental care service in the period 2010-2017. Seventy-one patients were identified: 31 without disabilities and 40 with disabilities. A review was done of the dental chart in the medical record, the CPO-D/ceo-d index and active uncavitated lesions to determine the presence of dental caries. Results: Average total affected deciduous teeth (ceo-d + active uncavitated lesions) was 15.83 in children without disabilities and 11.64 in children with disabilities; in mixed dentition deciduous teeth total ceo-d was 7.86 in children without disabilities and 8.20 in children with disabilities; in mixed dentition permanent teeth CPO-D was 3.29 in children without disabilities and 2.27 in children with disabilities. A statistically significant difference in the total affected teeth was only found in deciduous dentition of children with and without disabilities (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Children with disabilities only showed a greater prevalence of cavitated and uncavitated carious lesions in mixed dentition deciduous teeth, in contrast with children without disabilities (not a statistically significant difference). In the remaining dentitions (mixed deciduous and permanent) prevalence of carious lesions was lower in patients with disabilities, with statistically significant differences.

La presente investigación tiene por objetivo caracterizar el Perfil de Competencia Tecnológica, que representa los niveles de conocimiento tecnológico deseable de los líderes de una organización. La metodología para la construcción del Perfil de Competencia Tecnológica se estructura en tres etapas: el análisis conceptual del término de competencia tecnológica, la revisión teórica sobre la valoración de competencias tecnológicas y un estudio de contexto, que responde a una evaluación cualitativa a expertos en el sector evaluado. El caso de estudio analizado se enfoca en la industria, seleccionada por el impacto a nivel mundial y por ser considerado uno de los principales gremios en desarrollo en la zona fronteriza del estado de Baja California. Los resultados se exponen en cuatro ejes, los cuáles indican las competencias, habilidades y acciones que un líder de la industria deberá cumplir para demostrar un nivel adecuado respecto a sus competencias tecnológicas, que le permitan orientar el escalamiento industrial de la organización, el crecimiento del capital humano, la mejora de productos y/o servicios que se ofrecen, a partir de la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información, comunicación y colaboración en sus procesos, así como una vinculación y participación activa en la sociedad y la industria.

BACKGROUND:The knowledge of hereditary predisposition has changed our understanding of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genetic testing has been widely extended and the application of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension specific gene panels has allowed its inclusion in the diagnostic workup and increase the diagnostic ratio compared to the traditional sequencing techniques. This is particularly important in the differential diagnosis between Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease. METHODS:Since November 2011, genetic testing is offered to all patients with idiopathic, hereditable and associated forms of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension or Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease included in the Spanish Registry of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Herein, we present the clinical phenotype and prognosis of all Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension patients with disease-associated variants in TBX4. RESULTS:Out of 579 adults and 45 children, we found in eight patients from seven families, disease-causing associated variants in TBX4. All adult patients had a moderate-severe reduction in diffusion capacity. However, we observed a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including Pulmonary Venoocclusive Disease suspicion, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular abnormalities and congenital heart disease. CONCLUSIONS:Genetic testing is now essential for a correct diagnosis work-up in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. TBX4-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension has marked clinical heterogeneity. In this regard, a genetic study is extremely useful to obtain an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate management.

From January 2020, COVID-19 is spreading around the world producing serious respiratory symptoms in infected patients that in some cases can be complicated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, sepsis and septic shock, multiorgan failure, including acute kidney injury and cardiac injury. Cost and time efficient approaches to reduce the burthen of the disease are needed. To find potential COVID-19 treatments among the whole arsenal of existing drugs, we combined system biology and artificial intelligence-based approaches. The drug combination of pirfenidone and melatonin has been identified as a candidate treatment that may contribute to reduce the virus infection. Starting from different drug targets the effect of the drugs converges on human proteins with a known role in SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle. Simultaneously, GUILDify v2.0 web server has been used as an alternative method to corroborate the effect of pirfenidone and melatonin against the infection of SARS-CoV-2. We have also predicted a potential therapeutic effect of the drug combination over the respiratory associated pathology, thus tackling at the same time two important issues in COVID-19. These evidences, together with the fact that from a medical point of view both drugs are considered safe and can be combined with the current standard of care treatments for COVID-19 makes this combination very attractive for treating patients at stage II, non-severe symptomatic patients with the presence of virus and those patients who are at risk of developing severe pulmonary complications.

Objectives: To assess discrepancies in cephalometric measurements from digital lateral radiography and virtual cone-beam computed assisted tomography cephalogram. Materials and methods: Forty digital lateral radiographs and forty virtual cephalograms obtained by cone-beam computed assisted tomography were analyzed, corresponding to forty patients from the Instituto de Diagnóstico Maxilofacial in Lima, Peru. The principal investigator, who had been previously calibrated, made two measurements within a timespan of fifteen days using the analysis of Steiner and the NemoCeph software, and the difference between the obtained measurements was evaluated to determine if it was significant. Results: For digital lateral radiographs the difference varied between 0.00º - 0.45º and 0.01mm - 0.16mm, with statistical significance for distance between Pg and NB for lateral virtual cephalograms between 0.03º - 0.73º and 0.01mm - 0.43mm, with statistical significance for SE distance. The comparison between the two types of image in the first measurement showed a difference of 0.08º - 1.15º and 0.00mm - 1.43mm with statistical significance for four angular measurements and one linear. The comparison between the two types of image in the second measurement showed a difference of 0.13º - 1º and 0.02mm - 1.32mm with a statistically significant difference for three angular and two linear measurements. Conclusions: The difference between the two types of image is minimal; both evaluated methods can be used effectively

Resumen: Introducción: La tromboendarterectomía pulmonar es el tratamiento de elección y potencialmente curativo de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica; el tratamiento médico quedaría limitado a los pacientes considerados inoperables. Este estudio evalúa los resultados a largo plazo con ambos tratamientos en una Unidad de Referencia Nacional. Métodos: Desde febrero de 1996 hasta diciembre del 2015 se ha valorado a 292 pacientes, intervenido 142 (grupo 1) y considerado inoperables 116 (grupo 2). El seguimiento finalizó en diciembre del 2016. Resultados: La supervivencia a los 3 años fue del 92% en el grupo 1 y del 86% en el grupo 2, a los 5 años el 91 y el 78%, respectivamente (p = 0,001). En el análisis multivariante la supervivencia en ambos grupos estuvo relacionada con la tromboendarterectomía (HR 0,37; IC del 95% 0,19-0,72; p = 0,003), el antecedente de embolia aguda de pulmón (HR 0,50; IC del 95% 0,27-0,92; p = 0,026), el test de la marcha de 6 min (HR 0,79; IC del 95% 0,73-0,85; p = 0,001), la historia de cáncer (HR 2,57; IC del 95% 1,22-5,43; p = 0,013) y las resistencias vasculares pulmonares (HR 1,19; IC del 95% 1,02-1,39; p = 0,024). En el grupo 1 la supervivencia se relacionó con el test de 6 min (HR 0,84; IC del 95% 0,79-0,96; p = 0,009) y el gasto cardiaco (HR 0,61; IC del 95% 0,39-0,96; p = 0,033); en el grupo 2 únicamente con el test de 6 min (HR 0,81; IC del 95% 0,71-0,92; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica intervenidos con tromboendarterectomía tienen una supervivencia excelente y significativamente superior a la de los pacientes tratados médicamente. En la presente serie la tromboendarterectomía es el factor predictor de supervivencia más importante. Abstract: Introduction: Although medical treatment can clinically improve inoperable patients, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and is potentially curative. An evaluation was made of the long-term outcomes in medical and surgical populations at a national Unit of Reference. Methods: A total of 292 patients were evaluated from February 1996 until December 2015, of whom 142 were had surgery (group 1) and 116 were considered inoperable (group 2). The follow-up ended in December 2016. Results: Survival rate after 3 3 years was 92% in group 1 and 86% in group 2, and after 5 5 years it was 91% and 78%, respectively (P=.001). The multivariate analysis results showed that survival in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension was related to surgery (HR 0.37; 95% CI; 0.19-0.72; P=.003), history of acute pulmonary embolism (HR 0.50; 95% CI; 0.27-0.92; P=.026), distance walked in the six-minute walk test (HR 0.79; 95% CI; 0.73-0.85; P=.001), history of cancer (HR 2.57; 95% CI; 1.22-5.43; P=.013), and pulmonary vascular resistance (HR 1.19; 95% CI; 1.02-1.39; P=.024). In group 1, the variables associated with survival were the six-minute walk test (HR 0.84; 95% CI; 0.79-0.96; P=.009), and the cardiac output (HR 0.61; 95% CI; 0.39-0.96; P=.033), and in group 2, the variable associated was the six-minute walk test (HR 0.81; 95% CI; 0.71-0.92; P=.001). Conclusion: Patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who received pulmonary endarterectomy surgery have an excellent survival rate, and significantly superior to that of patients treated medically. In the present series, pulmonary endarterectomy surgery was the most important predictive survival factor. Palabras clave: Hipertensión pulmonar, Embolia pulmonar, Tromboendarterectomía pulmonar, Keywords: Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy

Continued advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) present new opportunities for use in a wide range of applications. One prominent application of these technologies is defect detection and classification in the manufacturing industry in order to minimise costs and ensure customer satisfaction. Specifically, this scoping review focuses on inspection operations in the semiconductor manufacturing industry where different ML and DL techniques and configurations have been used for defect detection and classification. Inspection operations have traditionally been carried out by specialised personnel in charge of visually judging the images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This scoping review focuses on inspection operations in the semiconductor manufacturing industry where different ML and DL methods have been used to detect and classify defects in SEM images. We also include the performance results of the different techniques and configurations described in the articles found. A thorough comparison of these results will help us to find the best solutions for future research related to the subject.

Biomimicry is a scientific discipline that aims to model the behavior or properties of biological systems so as to adapt them to other scientific areas. Recently, this approach has been adopted in order to develop an organizational model called “Organizational Biomimicry”. It proposes a systemic approach, a worldview that places the organization and the people related to it as an integral part of nature, and an R&D system based on continuous learning from nature. The effective management of this business model depends on leaders who can make dynamic decisions, generate commitment to the views of the company, define specific goals, actively learn on multiple levels and tackle conflicts. This type of leadership may actually be being exercised in business practice; however, no leadership style inspired by biomimicry has been theorized to date. Thus, the aim of this research was to present a biomimetic leadership model that considers nature as a model, measure and mentor. To this end, we proposed, firstly, a definition of a biomimetic leader from the point of view of the characteristics of biomimetic organizations. Then, we determined the characteristics of this leadership type. Secondly, we conducted a review of the main leadership styles analyzed in the recent literature about management; then, for each leadership type, we extracted the characteristics that will adapt to the biomimetic leadership model. From this process, we obtained the traits of a biomimetic leader. This characterization (definition plus characteristics) was subjected to an expert panel, which determined its validity.

Las corrientes marinas, fuente de energía renovable más predecible, localizan la mayor parte de su energía en altas profundidades. Para aprovechar esta energía se están desarrollando dispositivos flotantes, de tipo fondeado. La viabilidad económica de estos dispositivos requiere el abaratamiento de costos. El desarrollo de sistemas de control que permitan el cambio automático de orientación y profundidad del generador, con el fin de abaratar las maniobras de mantenimiento y aprovechar el recurso energético de forma óptima, resulta imprescindible. En este trabajo se presenta un actuador hidrostático y se realiza un modelo dinámico simple para control, de un dispositivo de dos grados de libertad, con un sistema de control de lastre. A partir de este modelo se ha desarrollado una ley de control multivariable, basada en una matriz de desacoplamiento no lineal y en la compensación de los términos de fricción y compresibilidad. Finalmente, la bondad del controlador ha sido validada mediante simulación.

This paper focuses on the process of convergence in per capita CO2 emissions that would occur if the measures taken by the European Union to meet the Kyoto Protocol commitments had been effective. We apply a time series and cross-sectional analysis to test for the existence of convergence among countries and for different economic sectors. The sample covers data for the 28 member countries from 1960 to 2012. The results show weak absolute convergence across countries but clear evidence of conditional convergence, with GDP, the weight of industrial sector and the use of renewable energies being the main drivers of divergence. Concerning sectors, there is an increase of emissions in the agricultural sector, but a reduction in the industrial and energy sectors. Different patterns arise in the energy subsectors where manufacturing and electricity notably reduced their emissions while the transport sector increased them in all countries.

Encontrar alguna preceptiva sólida que establezca vinculaciones fiables entre título y texto es prácticamente imposible, salvo desde una pragmática y contextos internos en el autor y una época. Paratextos, prólogos, trayectorias y lecturas, afinidades, generan a su vez pistas de interpretación, más que certezas. En los años 80 existen demasiadas poéticas como para establecer vinculaciones comunes desde esta perspectiva salvo entre grupos afines. Esa vinculación, pese a las contigüidades se diluye en ocasiones con temas como la luna, intergeneracionales, tal y como hacemos al mirar sucintamente la obra de Alberti y Benítez desde la coincidencia de asuntos. Keywords: Poesía, 1980, luna, elegía, tiempo, lírica, Felipe Benítez Reyes

This paper applies a robust generalised proportional integral (GPI) controller to address the problems of stabilisation and position tracking in voltage-controlled magnetic levitation systems, with consideration of the system’s physical parameters, non-linearities and exogenous disturbance signals. The controller has been developed using as a basis a model of the tangent linearised system around an arbitrary unstable equilibrium point. Since the approximate linearised system is differentially flat, it is therefore controllable. This flatness gives the resulting linearised system a relevant cascade characteristic, thus allowing simplification of the control scheme design. The performance of the proposed GPI controller has been analysed by means of numerical simulations and compared with two controllers: (i) a standard proportional integral derivative (PID) control, and (ii) a previously designed exact feedforward-GPI controller. Simulation results show that the proposed GPI control has a better dynamic response than the other two controllers, along with a better performance in terms of the integral squared tracking error (ISE), the integral absolute tracking error (IAE), and the integral time absolute tracking error (ITAE). Finally, experimental results have been included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of position stabilisation and tracking performance when appreciable non-linearities and uncertainties exist in the underlying system. Comparative graphs and metrics have shown a superior performance of the proposed GPI scheme to control the magnetic levitation platform.