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A morphological maximum parsimony analysis (2273 scorings; 25 taxa; 107 characters) is performed here with eight species of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 to test their monophyly. According to the results obtained herein, only the four species Discocyrtus crenulatus Roewer, 1913, Discocyrtus flavigranulatus B. Soares, 1944 and Discocyrtus moraesianus Mello-Leitao, 1923 and Discocyrtus testudineus (Holmberg, 1876) (type species) belong to reduced core of Discocyrtus. The genus Pachylobos Piza, 1940 gen. reval. is herein revalidated from the synonymy of Discocyrtus and considered to consist of two species: Pachylobos littoralis comb. nov. (for Discocyrtus littoralis Mello-Leitao 1932) and Pachylobos longicornis comb. nov. (for Gonyleptes longicornis Mello-Leitao 1922). With that revalidation, the genus Discocyrtulusoma Piza, 1943 is retired from the Discocyrtus synonym list into the Pachylobos gen. reval. As other results, three new junior subjective synonyms are identified for the two species: Discocyrtus cornutus Piza, 1940 (senior synonym of Pachylobos areolatus Piza 1940 - its type species) = D. littoralis Mello-Leitao, 1932 and Discocyrtus guttatus Roewer, 1927 = Gonyleptes longicornis Mello-Leitao, 1922. A new genus is herein created, Senu gen. nov., to include two species: Senu leonardosi comb. nov. (for Discocyrtus leonardosi Mello-Leitao 1935 - here selected as type species) and Senu vestita comb. nov. (for Discocyrtus vestitus Mello-Leitao 1922). Another new synonymy is proposed here: Discocyrtus goodnighti Soares and Soares, 1945 = D. leonardosi Mello-Leitao, 1935. The members of these two genera are united with Neopachylus Roewer, 1913 in Neopachylinae subfam. nov. proposed here, and accordingly transferred from Pachylinae Sorensen, 1884 to there.

Carvalho, Rafael N., Kury, Adriano B. (2022): Review of Paradiscocyrtus Mello-Leitão, 1927 (Gonyleptidae, Opiliones), with the transfer of Paradiscocyrtus cerayanus Roewer, 1929 to Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878 and a new interpretation of its type locality. Zoosystema 44 (9): 209-225, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2022v44a9

The harvestman genus Propachylus Roewer, 1913 is herein revalidated from the synonymy of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878. Its type species, Propachylus singularis Roewer, 1913 has a convoluted taxonomic history, connected to Discocyrtus fornicatus Sorensen, 1884 (currently known as Metadiscocyrtus fornicatus). The monotypic genus Metadiscocyrtus Roewer, 1929 is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of Propachylus. Propachylus singularis (known only from males) is herein considered a junior subjective synonym of M. fornicatus (Sorensen, 1884) (known only from a single female). Accordingly, this species is herein newly combined as Propachylus fornicatus (Sorensen, 1884) comb. nov. The males and females of this species are considered congeneric for the first time. As this species does not possess diagnostic characteristics of the concept of Pachylinae stricto sensu, it is here removed from Pachylinae but is left unplaced. The geographical distribution of this species is updated to the Brazilian state of Bahia.

Gonyleptes curvipes Kollar, in C.L. Koch, 1839 has taxonomic problems: it is a primary junior homonym of Gonyleptes curvipes Guerin-Meneville, 1837; the holotype of G. curvipes Kollar was cited twice by Roewer (1913) under two genera, one being a misidentification of an undescribed species and a new combination under Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878; Koch labeled another unreported specimen as Gonyleptes curvipes. However, this specimen belongs to a species described later by Roewer as D. crenulatus Roewer, 1913. In 2003, Kury transferred G. curvipes sensu Roewer to Discocyrtus and, to avoid homonymic collision with D. curvipes sensu Roewer, proposed the new name D. confusus as a replacement name. Discocyrtus confusus was later considered an invalid replacement name and was used to newly describe the species named by Kollar and Koch. Discocyrtus flavigranulatus B. Soares, 1944 is here considered a new junior subjective synonym of G. curvipes Kollar, but which is the next oldest available synonym. Discocyrtus confusus thus also becomes a junior synonym of D. flavigranulatus. Here we discuss the history and identity of three species of Discocyrtus: D. flavigranulatus B. Soares, 1944; D. crenulatus Roewer, 1913; and D. fenax sp. nov. from Santa Catarina state, Brazil (misidentified by Roewer as D. curvipes).

Paradiscocyrtus neglectus Mello-Leitao, 1927 is here redescribed and for the first time illustrated. A neotype is proposed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species and to differentiate it from the other two species of Paradiscocyrtus and related genera (e.g., Discocyrtus ). Two junior synonyms of this species, currently allocated in Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1876 are here detected. This harvestman is endemic from areas above 2000 meters of altitude, occurring in the Campos Rupestres montane savannas terrestrial eco-region in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This species is characterized by the powerful retrodorsal apophysis of the coxa IV, the unique armature of dorsal scutum, trochanter IV, and femur IV.

Roeweriinae subfam. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:237C9E13-E34E-44BC-AD97-5B6 ACFE 915AC Included genera Amazochroma gen. nov., Discocyrtanus Roewer, 1929 and Roeweria Mello-Leitão, 1923 (type genus; revalidated by Kury 2003). Discocyrtanus and Roeweria were hitherto in Pachylinae. Ampycus telifer 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 2 1 1 5 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 - - - 0 1 0 0 0 0 Acanthopachylus aculeatus 0 0 0 - 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 1 1 1 0 0 Pachylus chilensis 0 0 0 - 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 - 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 1 1 1 0 0 Anoplogynus nasutus 0 0 0 - 2 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 - 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - 2 0 - 0 0 0 Gonyleptes horridus 0 0 0 - 1 0 2 0? 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 1 0 - 1 1 0 - 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 - 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 1 3 1 0 0 Neopachylus imaguirei 0 0 0 - 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 1 1 1 0 - 0 - 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 4 0 - 2 0 0 Roeweria virescens 1 0 0 - 3 0 3 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 - 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Roeweria bittencourti 1 0 0 - 3 0 3 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 - 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0? 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Amazochroma carvalhoi gen. et comb. nov. 0 1 1 2 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. 0 1 1 2 1 0 3 2 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 - 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Discocyrtanus goyazius 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Discocyrtanus oliverioi 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0? 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 - - - 5 1 2 3 0 1 Discocyrtus crenulatus 0 0 0 - 1 1 3 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 5 1 0 1 1 0 Discocyrtus testudineus 0 0 0 - 1 1 3 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 5 1 0 1 1 0 Discocyrtoides nigricans 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 - 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 5 1 0 1 1 0 Mitobates triangulus 2 0 0 - 4 0 3 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 0? 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 - - 0 - 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 5 1 1 1 1 0 Diagnosis Dry marks either around the tubercles or restricted to their tips, but in both cases all around dorsal scutum (only in Amazochroma gen. nov. and Discocyrtanus, absent in Roeweria; contrasting with Discocyrtus and some Mitobatinae [e.g., in Ischotherus Kury, 1991, Mitobates Sundevall, 1833 Neoancistrotus Mello-Leitão, 1927, Promitobates Roewer, 1913, Ruschia Mello-Leitão, 1940] where it is absent and with other Mitobatinae which possess dry marks arranged in broad stripes, often cruciform [e.g., in Discocyrtoides Mello-Leitão, 1923, Longiperna Roewer, 1929). Ocularium convex, with a median depression (contrasting with the convex form without depression in Discocyrtus and Discocyrtoides or rectangular form in Mitobates). Mesotergum divided into 4 areas (same as in Discocyrtus testudineus Holmberg, 1876 and Mitobatinae). Area I with a pair of conspicuous paramedian tubercles (same as D. testudineus, absent in D. crenulatus Roewer, 1913 and Discocyrtoides). Retrodorsal distal apophysis of Cx IV of males with only a main tubercle (absent in Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov., contrasting the form with a geminated tip present in Discocyrtus and some Mitobatinae). Distal part of the VP of penis forming a trapezium, with an apical minor base (contrasting with a trapezium with an apical major base occurring in Discocyrtus and Discocyrtoides or the M-form of Mitobates). Macrosetae C1–C3 of VP elongate and slender (contrasting with the short and thick form found in Discocyrtus and Mitobatinae). Macrosetae C1–C3 insertion with C 3 set widely apart from the other C, forming a diastema (present in Amazochroma gen. nov. and Roeweria, contrasting with all macrosetae C placed distally with subequal intervals between them as found in Discocyrtanus and with macrosetae C placed distally, united as in Discocyrtus and Mitobatinae). Ventral of glans process extremely reduced or absent (contrasting with the presence of a stem and a flabellum in Discocyrtus and Mitobatinae). Stylus sigmoid, strongly bent to dorsal proximally and overall curved to ventral more distally (present in Amazochroma gen. nov. and Discocyrtanus, contrasting with the C-shape, overall arched to dorsal found in Roeweria and the substraight shape as in Discocyrtus and Mitobatinae). Angle of basal curvature of stylus around 90 degrees (in opposition to form with less than 90 degrees in Discocyrtus and Discocyrtoides or more than 90 degrees in Mitobates). Apical winglets of stylus (present in Amazochroma gen. nov., Discocyrtanus and Roeweria, absent in Discocyrtus and Mitobatinae).

Amazochroma carvalhoi (Mello-Leit��o, 1941) gen. et comb. nov. Figs 1 A���D, 5���6 Discocyrtus carvalhoi Mello-Leit��o, 1941: 437. Discocyrtus carvalhoi ��� Soares & Soares 1954: 247; Kury 2003: 161. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL: ♂, MT, Santa Terezinha, Barra do Tapirap��, 10.683�� S, 50.633�� W, A.L. Carvalho leg. (MNRJ 5143). Other material examined BRAZIL: 1 ♀, AM, Manaus, Reserva Florestal ZF-3, 2.21�� S, 59.81�� W, Reserva do km 41, 28���31 Jul. 2002, G. Machado leg. (MNRJ 9067); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, PA, Bel��m, Parque Ambiental de Bel��m (Utinga), 1.424827�� S, 48.438016�� W, Feb. 2010, G.H.F. Azevedo et al. leg. (UFMG 9382); 1 ♀, PA, Monte Alegre, Instituto de Pesquisas Ecol��gicas da Amaz��nia (IPEAm), 0.84467�� S, 54.45327�� W, 1970, M��rio leg. (MNRJ 8811). FRANCE: 1 ♂, French Guiana, Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Commune de Maripasoula, Monts Atachi Bakka, 3.54463�� N, 53.91278�� W, 632 m asl., 6 Feb. 2015, S. Cally leg. (MNRJ 8801); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, French Guiana, Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Commune de Maripasoula, Monts Atachi Bakka, 3.56714�� N, 53.96177�� W, 127 m asl., 8 Feb. 2015, S. Cally leg. (MNRJ 8799). SURINAME: 1 ♀, Sipaliwini District, Apalagadi Mounts, 2.17064�� N, 56.09961�� W, 16 Apr. 2014, A. Fouquet and J.P. Vacher leg. (MNRJ 8800); 1 ♂, Sipaliwini District, Apalagadi Mounts, 2.17064�� N, 56.09961�� W, SR 140416 HC001-22, 16 Apr. 2014, A. Fouquet and J.P. Vacher leg. (NZCS); 1 ♀, Sipaliwini District, Apalagadi Mounts, 2.17064�� N, 56.09961�� W, SR 140416 HC001-23, 16 Apr. 2014, A. Fouquet and J.P. Vacher leg. (NZCS). Etymology Patronymic in honor of Brazilian zoologist Antenor Leit��o de Carvalho (1910���1985), who collected the holotype of this species. Diagnosis Spines of ocularium higher than in Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 5C); areas II���IV not divided by a median groove (divided in A. pedroi gen. et sp. nov.) (Fig. 5A); area III with a pair of high, paramedian acuminated spines curved backwards (higher than the pair of low, paramedian rounded, tubercles of A. pedroi gen. et sp. nov.) (Fig. 5B, D); Cx IV with retrodorsal spiniform apophysis (absent in A. pedroi gen. et sp. nov.) (Fig. 5A); Tr IV with prolateral, distal, higher apophysis, forming a bifurcated bar ending in two spines (instead the aborted hook form in A. pedroi gen. et sp. nov.) (Fig. 5A); Fe IV without spines, only tubercles (instead of higher spines on the prolateral and retrolateral axes of A. pedroi gen. et sp. nov.) (Fig. 5E���H). Redescription Holotype (male) MEASUREMENTS. CW 3.3, CL 2.0; AW 6.1, AL 3.6. Leg measurements in Table 3, tarsal counts in Table 4. DORSUM. Dorsal scutum almost as long as wide, abdominal scutum with lateral margins strongly convex, widest at area II and highest at area III (Fig. 5A, D). Carapace with several tubercles on posterior region (Fig. 5A, D). Cheliceral sockets shallow, with a small apophysis in the center. Ocularium elliptical, high, inclined frontwards, placed in middle of carapace, armed with a pair of divergent high spines fused at baseline and inclined frontwards (Fig.5A, C���D). Mesotergum divided into four clearly defined areas. Area I divided into left and right halves by median groove. Area II anterior lateral border invading slightly space of area I and posterior lateral border invading the space of area III. AS lateral borders with tubercles on full extent, gradually growing to height of area III. All areas with many tubercles. Area I with a pair of paramedian tubercles higher than the others. Area II with one main transverse row of tubercles, replaced in middle by two pairs (one anterior and one posterior) of moderate-sized tubercles forming a trapezoid. Besides those, several others minor tubercles. Area III with a pair of high paramedian acuminated spines curved backwards, with the base covered by small tubercles (Fig. 5A���B, D). Area IV with horizontal row of 3 highlighted tubercles. Posterior border of dorsal scutum and free tergites with a horizontal row of tubercles with same height as highlighted on area IV. VENTER. Cx I���III parallel to each other; each with ventral transverse rows of 9���10 setiferous tubercles (Cx I main row with higher and sharper tubercles). Cx IV much larger than the others, directed obliquely. Stigmatic area Y-shaped, clearly sunken relative to distal part of coxa IV. Intercoxal bridges well marked. Stigmata clearly visible. Free sternites and anal operculum each with a transverse row of small tubercles. CHELICERA. Basichelicerite elongate, bulla well marked, with marginal setiferous tubercles ��� three ectal, three posterior, one mesal and one dorso-basal; hand not swollen (Fig. 5A). PEDIPALPUS. Tr with two dorso-ectal, dorso-mesal and medio-ventral setiferous tubercles. Fe with one meso-distal and one mesal ventro-basal setiferous tubercles. Pa with one meso-distal setiferous tubercle. Ti with two rows of setiferous tubercles; four (IiIi) ventro-mesal and four (Iiii) ventro-ectal, of which the two distal are geminated. Ta with two rows of setiferous tubercles; three (IIi) ventro-mesal and four (IiIi) ventro-ectal. LEGS. Tr I���III each with several ventral tubercles. Fe I and II straight. Fe I retrolateral proximal tubercle higher than the others, not forming a spur. Tr I with prodorsal, proventral, retroventral and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles. Fe II with prodorsal, prolateral, proventral, retroventral, retrolateral and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles. Fe II with a small retrodorsal distal tubercle higher than the others, not forming a spur. Tr II with prodorsal, proventral, retroventral and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles. Fe III substraight. Fe III and Ti III with prodorsal, prolateral, retrolateral and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles, with proventral and retroventral rows of tubercles gradually growing to the distal portion. Fe III and Mt III with a well-developed retrodorsal distal spur. Posterior border of Cx IV not reaching longitudinally the posterior border of dorsal scutum. Cx IV with a prolateral apical caniniform apophysis, moderately elongate and a retrodorsal spiniform apophysis (Fig. 5A). Cx IV with prodorsal, prolateral and proventral rows of tubercles. Tr IV prolaterally with three conical apophyses: two proximal, unequal ones and one distal, longer, bifurcated. Tr IV distally and retrolaterally with one spearhead apophysis. Tr IV ventrally with several tubercles along its entire length. Fe IV substraight, curved from the medial region toward dorsal. Fe IV with prodorsal, prolateral, retroventral and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles, dorsal tubercles only in proximal portion (Fig. 5E���H). Fe IV prodorsally (entire length) and retrolaterally (proximal-medial portion) with a row of setiferous tubercles (Fig. 5E���F, H). Fe IV proventrally and retrodorsally with one distal spine forming a spur (Fig. 5E���H). Pa IV covered by tubercles in dorsal view; also with proventral and retroventral rows of three tubercles each. Ti IV with prodorsal, prolateral, proventral, retroventral, retrolateral and retrodorsal rows of tubercles. Ti IV with proventral and retroventral distal spurs. Tarsal counts: 6(3)-6(3)/9(3)-9(3)/7-7/7-7. PENIS. VP sharply divided into two regions: distal part rectangular, proximal part elliptical (Fig. 6A���C). Ventral surface of VP entirely covered with microsetae of type 1 (Fig. 6C). All macrosetae inserted on lateral of VP: A1���A3 cylindrical, thick, on basal third of VP, A1 oriented dorsally, A2 oriented sidewards, A3 oriented ventrally (Fig. 6A���E); B1 inserted ventrally, below the line of A3 (Fig. 6C���D); C1���C3 slender, only moderately elongate, forming an almost longitudinal row on the distal part of VP, C1���C2 close together on distal portion, C3 on medial basal portion (Fig. 6A���E); D1 medium, midway between C3 and A1 (Fig. 6A���E); E1���E2 inserted ventrally, E1 between the height of C1���C2, E2 beside C3 (Fig. 6C���D). Glans sac long, arising from middle bulge on podium, extended as a dorsal process to height of central sinuosity of stylus (Fig. 6A���B, D���E). Stylus stout, cylindrical and S-curved to dorsal, without any processes (Fig. 6A���B, D���E). Apex of stylus flattened dorsoventrally, with three barbs on each side, one on middle of ventral portion, two on marginal part of medium-basal ventral portion (Fig. 7F���G). COLOR (in vivo). Color background of scutum, coxae and trochanters Strong Reddish Brown (40), with spines of ocularium, paramedian tubercles of areas I and III and main apophyses of coxae and trochanter IV Brownish Black (65). Dry marks Very Pale Purplish Blue (202), distributed on Cx and Tr I���IV, free tergites I���III and all over dorsal scutum encircling tubercles, excepted in two crescent-shaped stripes extending from carapace to area III. Chelicerae, pedipalps (glossier than legs) and most of legs I���IV (excepting femora) Strong Yellow (84). Femora 3-banded: basal 40% as scutum, median 50% as apophyses and distal 10% as rest of legs. VARIATION. Besides the variation in tarsal counts, shown in Table 4, the distribution and development of tubercles, apophyses and spines in our sample was fairly uniform. No minor (���beta���) males were detected. Female (MNRJ 8811) CW 4.2, CL 2.7; AW 7.6, AL 4.7. Cx IV with much weaker armature compared to male, main apophysis reduced to a simple spine. Fe IV thinner, less curved and armed when compared to male. Fe IV with fewer spines on distal proventral axis and a retrolateral distal spur. Distribution BRAZIL, Amazonas (NT 0 173 ��� Uatuma-Trombetas Moist Forests), Mato Grosso (NT 0 140 ��� Mato Grosso Seasonal Forests), Par�� (NT 0 170 ��� Tocantins-Pindar�� Moist Forests); FRENCH GUIANA, Maripasoula; SURINAME, Sipaliwini (NT 0 125 ��� Guianan Moist Forests) (Fig. 2). Remarks This species was described in Discocyrtus, and never illustrated. In a catalogue of the Pachylinae, Soares & Soares (1954) merely listed the name. Its generic assignment has never been challenged., Published as part of Rafael N. Carvalho & Adriano B. Kury, 2018, Further dismemberment of Discocyrtus with description of a new Amazonian genus and a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae (Opiliones, Laniatores), pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 393 on pages 17-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2018.393, http://zenodo.org/record/1143721

A group of Amazonian harvestmen is recognized and described as Amazochroma gen. nov. This taxon includes Discocyrtus carvalhoi Mello-Leitao, 1941 (type species), the only species of Discocyrtus previously thought to occur in Amazonia, and Amazochroma pedroi gen. et sp. nov., described here from the Brazilian states of Acre and Rondonia. New records are added for Amazochroma carvalhoi gen. et comb. nov, expanding its distribution from the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso northwards also to Para and Amazonas in Brazil and additionally French Guiana and Suriname. Diagnostic features of Amazochroma gen. nov. include: trichromatic pattern of legs, dry marks on the dorsal scutum and base of legs and diastema in the row of macrosetae C of the penis ventral plate. A morphological maximum parsimony analysis (1022 scorings; 16 taxa; 64 characters) is performed to test whether Amazochroma gen. nov. is a member of Discocyrtus and if the traditional allocation of Discocyrtus in Pachylinae is defendable. A clade is retrieved containing three groups: (1) Mitobatinae, (2) Discocyrtus and (3) a clade containing Amazochroma gen. nov., Discocyrtanus and Roeweria , here described as a new subfamily of Gonyleptidae – Roeweriinae subfam. nov. Discocyrtanus Roewer, 1929 and Roeweria Mello-Leitao, 1923 are accordingly here transferred from Pachylinae to Roeweriinae subfam. nov.

Discocyrtanus canjinjim sp. n., belonging to the family Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833 is described based on nineteen specimens, eleven adult males and eight adult females, collected in the Vila Bela da Santissima Trindade, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This new species represents an endemic component for the harvestmen fauna of Chiquitano Dry Forests terrestrial eco-region, being the most occidental point of distribution of the genus, notably found in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. The new species is characterized by femur IV swollen with the same length of dorsal scutum, trochanter IV with prodorsal distal apophysis as a stout hook not bifurcated, and a unique form of genitalia in the genus. This paper also includes the first identification key to the species of the genus after its revalidation.

The genus Discocyrtanus Roewer, 1929, is herein revalidated from the synonymy of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878, to include besides the type species Discocyrtanus goyazius Roewer, 1929, four other Brazilian species, two of them new-Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov. and Discocyrtanus tocantinensis sp. nov.-and two newly transferred from Discocyrtus: Discocyrtanus oliverioi (H. Soares, 1945) comb. nov., and Discocyrtanus pertenuis (Mello-Leitão, 1935) comb. nov. Three species, Discocyrtus pectinifemur Mello-Leitão, 1937, Discocyrtus fimbriatus Mello-Leitão, 1939, and Discocyrtus canalsi Roewer, 1943, are considered junior subjective synonyms of Discocyrtanus pertenuis comb. nov.. A mix-up between labeling of original illustrations of two species of Discocyrtus described by Mello-Leitão is noted.

The genus Discocyrtanus Roewer, 1929, is herein revalidated from the synonymy of Discocyrtus Holmberg, 1878, to include besides the type species Discocyrtanus goyazius Roewer, 1929, four other Brazilian species, two of them new— Discocyrtanus bugre sp. nov. and Discocyrtanus tocantinensis sp. nov.—and two newly transferred from Discocyrtus : Discocyrtanus oliverioi (H. Soares, 1945) comb. nov., and Discocyrtanus pertenuis (Mello-Leitao, 1935) comb. nov. Three species, Discocyrtus pectinifemur Mello-Leitao, 1937, Discocyrtus fimbriatus Mello-Leitao, 1939, and Discocyrtus canalsi Roewer, 1943, are considered junior subjective synonyms of Discocyrtanus pertenuis comb. nov.. A mix-up between labeling of original illustrations of two species of Discocyrtus described by Mello-Leitao is noted.