Search

Your search keyword '"Rafai, Eric"' showing total 153 results
Start Over Author "Rafai, Eric"
153 results on '"Rafai, Eric"'

2. A single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine is highly effective against HPV genotypes 16 and 18 detection in young pregnant women eight years following vaccination: an retrospective cohort study in Fiji

Author

Reyburn, Rita, Tuivaga, Evelyn, Ratu, Tupou, Young, Seruwaia, Garland, Suzanne M., Murray, Gerald, Cornall, Alyssa, Tabrizi, Sepehr, Nguyen, Cattram D., Jenkins, Kylie, Tikoduadua, Lisi, Kado, Joseph, Kama, Mike, Rafai, Eric, Devi, Rachel, Mulholland, Kim, Fong, James, and Russell, Fiona M.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Attributable mortality and excess length of stay associated with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study in Suva, Fiji

Author

Loftus, Michael J., Young-Sharma, Tracey E.M.W., Lee, Sue J., Wati, Shitanjni, Badoordeen, Gnei Z., Blakeway, Luke V., Byers, Sally M.H., Cheng, Allen C., Cooper, Ben S., Cottingham, Hugh, Jenney, Adam W.J., Hawkey, Jane, Macesic, Nenad, Naidu, Ravi, Prasad, Amitesh, Prasad, Vinita, Tudravu, Litia, Vakatawa, Timoci, van Gorp, Elke, Wisniewski, Jessica A., Rafai, Eric, Peleg, Anton Y., and Stewardson, Andrew J.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Central Division, Fiji, 2012 to 2016

Author

Davies, Mark R., Duchene, Sebastian, Valcanis, Mary, Jenkins, Aaron P., Jenney, Adam, Rosa, Varanisese, Hayes, Andrew J., Strobel, Aneley Getahun, McIntyre, Liam, Lacey, Jake A., Klemm, Elizabeth J., Wong, Vanessa K., Sahukhan, Aalisha, Thomson, Helen, Page, Andrew, Hocking, Dianna, Wang, Nancy, Tudravu, Litia, Rafai, Eric, Dougan, Gordon, Howden, Benjamin P., Crump, John A., Mulholland, Kim, and Strugnell, Richard A.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary hospital in Fiji: A prospective cohort study

Author

Loftus, Michael J., Young-Sharma, Tracey E.M.W., Wati, Shitanjni, Badoordeen, Gnei Z., Blakeway, Luke V., Byers, Sally M.H., Cheng, Allen C., Jenney, Adam W.J., Naidu, Ravi, Prasad, Amitesh, Prasad, Vinita, Tudravu, Litia, Vakatawa, Timoci, van Gorp, Elke, Wisniewski, Jessica A., Rafai, Eric, Stewardson, Andrew J., and Peleg, Anton Y.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Effect of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Fiji: results from four annual cross-sectional carriage surveys

Author

Dunne, Eileen M, Satzke, Catherine, Ratu, Felisita T, Neal, Eleanor F G, Boelsen, Laura K, Matanitobua, Silivia, Pell, Casey L, Nation, Monica L, Ortika, Belinda D, Reyburn, Rita, Jenkins, Kylie, Nguyen, Cattram, Gould, Katherine, Hinds, Jason, Tikoduadua, Lisi, Kado, Joseph, Rafai, Eric, Kama, Mike, Mulholland, E Kim, and Russell, Fiona M

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Sustained Antibody Responses 6 Years Following 1, 2, or 3 Doses of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine in Adolescent Fijian Girls, and Subsequent Responses to a Single Dose of Bivalent HPV Vaccine: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Toh, Zheng Quan, Russell, Fiona M., Reyburn, Rita, Fong, James, Tuivaga, Evelyn, Ratu, Tupou, Nguyen, Cattram D., Devi, Rachel, Kama, Mike, Matanitobua, Silivia, Tabrizi, Sepehr N., Garland, Suzanne M., Sinha, Rohit, Frazer, Ian, Tikoduadua, Lisi, Kado, Joseph, Rafai, Eric, Mulholland, Edward K., and Licciardi, Paul V.

Published
2017

13. Prevention of young infant infections using oral azithromycin in labour in Fiji (Bulabula MaPei): study protocol of a randomised control trial

Author

Hume-Nixon, Maeve, primary, Ratu, Tupou, additional, Clark, Stephanie, additional, Nguyen, Cattram Duong, additional, Neal, Eleanor F G, additional, Pell, Casey L, additional, Bright, Kathryn, additional, Watts, Emma, additional, Hart, John, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Fong, James, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Sakumeni, Kelera, additional, Tuibeqa, Ilisapeci, additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Steer, Andrew, additional, and Russell, Fiona M, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Central Division, Fiji, 2012 to 2016

Author

Davies, Mark R, Duchene, Sebastian, Valcanis, Mary, Jenkins, Aaron P, Jenney, Adam, Rosa, Varanisese, Hayes, Andrew J, Strobel, Aneley Getahun, McIntyre, Liam, Lacey, Jake A, Klemm, Elizabeth J, Wong, Vanessa K, Sahukhan, Aalisha, Thomson, Helen, Page, Andrew, Hocking, Dianna, Wang, Nancy, Tudravu, Litia, Rafai, Eric, Dougan, Gordon, Howden, Benjamin P, Crump, John A, Mulholland, Kim, Strugnell, Richard A, Dougan, Gordon [0000-0003-0022-965X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Public health, Fiji, Outbreak, Population genomics, Bayesian, Phylodynamics, Salmonella Typhi, Phylogeny, Typhoid fever
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is endemic in some Pacific Island Countries including Fiji and Samoa yet genomic surveillance is not routine in such settings. Previous studies suggested imports of the global H58 clade of Salmonella enterica var Typhi (Salmonella Typhi) contribute to disease in these countries which, given the MDR potential of H58, does not auger well for treatment. The objective of the study was to define the genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Fiji. METHODS: Genomic sequencing approaches were implemented to study the distribution of 255 Salmonella Typhi isolates from the Central Division of Fiji. We augmented epidemiological surveillance and Bayesian phylogenomic approaches with a multi-year typhoid case-control study to define geospatial patterns among typhoid cases. FINDINGS: Genomic analyses showed Salmonella Typhi from Fiji resolved into 2 non-H58 genotypes with isolates from the two dominant ethnic groups, the Indigenous (iTaukei) and non-iTaukei genetically indistinguishable. Low rates of international importation of clones was observed and overall, there were very low levels an antibiotic resistance within the endemic Fijian typhoid genotypes. Genomic epidemiological investigations were able to identify previously unlinked case clusters. Bayesian phylodynamic analyses suggested that genomic variation within the larger endemic Salmonella Typhi genotype expanded at discreet times, then contracted. INTERPRETATION: Cyclones and flooding drove 'waves' of typhoid outbreaks in Fiji which, through population aggregation, poor sanitation and water safety, and then mobility of the population, spread clones more widely. Minimal international importations of new typhoid clones suggest that targeted local intervention strategies may be useful in controlling endemic typhoid infection. These findings add to our understanding of typhoid transmission networks in an endemic island country with broad implications, particularly across Pacific Island Countries. FUNDING: This work was supported by the Coalition Against Typhoid through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [grant number OPP1017518], the Victorian Government, the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia, the Australian Research Council, and the Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Costs of mass drug administration for scabies in Fiji

Author

Mow, Maria, primary, Thean, Li Jun, additional, Parnaby, Matthew, additional, Mani, Jyotishna, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Sahukhan, Aalisha, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Tuicakau, Meciusela, additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Romani, Lucia, additional, Engelman, Daniel, additional, Whitfeld, Margot, additional, Kaldor, John, additional, Steer, Andrew, additional, and Carvalho, Natalie, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. A Single Dose of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine is Highly Effective Against HPV Genotypes 16 and 18 Detection in Young Pregnant Women Eight Years Following Vaccination: An Observational Study in Fiji

Author

Reyburn, Rita, primary, Tuivaga, Evelyn June, additional, Ratu, Felisita Tupou, additional, Young, Seruwaia, additional, Garland, Suzanne Marie, additional, Murray, Gerald, additional, Cornall, Alyssa, additional, Tabrizi, Sepehr, additional, Nguyen, Cattram D., additional, Jenkins, Kylie, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Kado, Joeseph, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, Fong, James, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. 90Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage in children and adults in Fiji, using four cross-sectional surveys

Author

Neal, Eleanor, primary, Nguyen, Cattram, additional, Ratu, Felista Tupou, additional, Dunne, Eileen, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Ortika, Belinda, additional, Boelsen, Laura, additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Catherine Satzke, A., additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Kim Mulholland, E., additional, and Russell, Fiona, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Tuberculosis, Fiji, 2002-2013

Author

Pezzoli, Lorenzo, Gounder, Shakti, Tamani, Talatoka, Daulako, Mary Raori, Underwood, Frank, Mainawalala, Sakiusa, Nawadra-Taylor, Vasiti, Rafai, Eric, and Gillini, Laura

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment -- Research, Health
Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of illness and death globally (1,2). Fiji, which comprises 332 islands and a total land area of 18,333 [km.sup.2], is located in the center [...]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Gender, health and ageing in Fiji: a mixed methods analysis

Author

Dodd, Rebecca, primary, Shanthosh, Janani, additional, Lung, Thomas, additional, Robaigau, Aporosa, additional, Perman, Mai Ling, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Poulos, Roslyn, additional, Zwi, Anthony B., additional, John, Renu, additional, and Palagyi, Anna, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Genotype Diversity before and after the Introduction of a Rotavirus Vaccine into the National Immunisation Program in Fiji

Author

Thomas, Sarah, primary, Donato, Celeste M., additional, Covea, Sokoveti, additional, Ratu, Felisita T., additional, Jenney, Adam W. J., additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Sahu Khan, Aalisha, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Grabovac, Varja, additional, Serhan, Fatima, additional, Bines, Julie E., additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Effect of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumonia hospital admissions in Fiji: a time-series analysis

Author

Reyburn, Rita, Tuivaga, Evelyn, Nguyen, Cattram D, Ratu, Felisita T, Nand, Devina, Kado, Joe, Tikoduadua, Lisi, Jenkins, Kylie, de Campo, Margaret, Kama, Mike, Devi, Rachel, Rafai, Eric, Weinberger, Daniel M, Mulholland, E Kim, and Russell, Fiona M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In October, 2012, Fiji introduced routine infant immunisation with a ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) using three primary doses and no booster dose (3 + 0 schedule). Data are scarce for the effect of PCV in the Asia and Pacific region. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PCV10 on pneumonia hospital admissions in children younger than 5 years and adults aged 55 years and older in Fiji, 5 years after vaccine introduction. METHODS: We did a time-series analysis assessing changes in pneumonia hospital admissions at three public tertiary hospitals in Fiji. Four pneumonia outcomes were evaluated: all-cause pneumonia, severe or very severe pneumonia, hypoxic pneumonia, and radiological pneumonia. Participants aged younger than 2 months, 2-23 months, 24-59 months, and 55 years and older were included. Data were extracted from the national hospital admission database according to International Classification of Diseases-tenth revision codes J10·0-18·9, J21, and J22 for all-cause pneumonia. Medical records and chest radiographs were reviewed for the main tertiary hospital to reclassify hospital admissions in children aged younger than 2 years as severe or very severe, hypoxic, or radiological pneumonia as per WHO definitions. Time-series analyses were done using the synthetic control method and multiple imputation to adjust for changes in hospital usage and missing data. FINDINGS: Between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2017, the ratio of observed cases to expected cases for all-cause pneumonia was 0·92 (95% CI 0·70-1·36) for children aged younger than 2 months, 0·86 (0·74-1·00) for children aged 2-23 months, 0·74 (0·62-0·87) for children aged 24-59 months, and 1·90 (1·53-2·31) in adults aged 55 years and older, 5 years after PCV10 introduction. These findings indicate a reduction in all-cause pneumonia among children aged 24-59 months and an increase in adults aged 55 years and older, but no change among children aged younger than 2 months. Among children aged 2-23 months, we observed declines of 21% (95% CI 5-35) for severe or very severe pneumonia, 46% (33-56) for hypoxic pneumonia, and 25% (9-38) for radiological pneumonia. Mortality reduced by 39% (95% CI 5-62) for all-cause pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and asthma admissions in children aged 2-23 months. INTERPRETATION: The introduction of PCV10 was associated with a decrease in pneumonia hospital admissions in children aged 2-59 months. This is the first study in a middle-income country in the Asia and Pacific region to show the effect of PCV on pneumonia, filling gaps in the literature on the effects of PCV10 and 3 + 0 schedules. These data support decision making on PCV introduction for other low-income and middle-income countries in the region. FUNDING: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government.

Published
2020

29. Lot quality assurance sampling to assess coverage and compliance following mass drug administration to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Fiji: A methodological approach

Author

Hodges, Mary Hamer, Rinamalo, Milika, Pezzoli, Lorenzo, Kama, Mike, Rafai, Eric, Kubuabola, Ilisapeci, Salusalu, Mosese, and Kim, Sung Hye

Subjects
wc_880, wc_680, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, wa_395, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science
Abstract

Background\ud Assessing the quality of mass drug administration (MDA) rounds is a key component of lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programs. Routine collection of administrative coverage is unreliable, especially when pockets with low program coverage exist. To address this gap, we used lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) following the 10th annual LF-MDA round in Fiji to explore whether there was any area in which target coverage was not reached. We also assessed the level of drug compliance and satisfaction with the LF-MDA implementation strategy.\ud \ud Methodology/principal findings\ud We conducted a cross-sectional household survey in 3 divisions of Fiji. For LQAS, we defined 19 lots in 7 medical areas of the Suva sub-division and another 12 sub-divisions in the Central, Northern, and Eastern Divisions. A sample of 16 randomly selected household members was taken un each lot. We defined our decision rule as follows: if more than 1 person in a given lot did not swallow the medication, coverage was considered inadequate, i.e. less than 80%.\ud \ud Of the 7 lots in Suva sub-division and 12 lots in the 3 divisions, five and two lots, respectively, were identified as having inadequate coverage. The overall program coverage estimated from 304 samples was 92%, which was higher than the reported administrative coverage of 82%. About 98% of interviewees were offered the medication and 96% swallowed it. Non-participation arose from insufficient information on how to obtain the drugs. At least 92% were satisfied with the LF-MDA implementation strategy.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud Areas of low program coverage with results discordant with the reported administrative coverage existed in both urban and rural settings. Drug compliance and satisfaction were high, even after repeated rounds. We recommend increasing efforts to deliver the service in those areas with inadequate program coverage, as well as conducting timely coverage assessment through LQAS for corrective action

Published
2020

30. The Impact of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine Introduction on Invasive Disease in Fiji: A Retrospective Review

Author

Reyburn, Rita, primary, Tuivaga, Evelyn June, additional, Ratu, Felisita Tupou, additional, Dunne, Eileen M., additional, Nand, Devina, additional, Kado, Joeseph, additional, Jenkins, Kylie, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Jenney, Adam, additional, Howden, Benjamin, additional, Ballard, Susan A., additional, Fox, Kimberley, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Flasche, Stefan, additional, Mulholland, Kim, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. The impact of the rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea, five years following national introduction in Fiji

Author

Jenney, Adam W.J., primary, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Ratu, Felisita T., additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Nguyen, Cattram, additional, Covea, Sokoveti, additional, Thomas, Sarah, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Bright, Kathryn, additional, Jenkins, Kylie, additional, Temple, Beth, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Kado, Joe, additional, Mulholland, E. Kim, additional, Kirkwood, Carl D., additional, Fox, Kimberley K., additional, Bines, Julie E., additional, Grabovac, Varja, additional, Khan, Aalisha Sahu, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the infection, using a lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey as surveillance platform

Author

Kim, Sung Hye, primary, Stothard, J. Russell, additional, Rinamalo, Milika, additional, Rainima-Qaniuci, Meleresita, additional, Talemaitoga, Nemani, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Jang, Seoyun, additional, Kim, Ji Young, additional, Oh, Yoo Min, additional, Kim, Eun-Min, additional, Hong, Sung-Tae, additional, Lowry, John H., additional, Verweij, Jaco J., additional, Kelly-Hope, Louise A., additional, and Choi, Min-Ho, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. From the Frontline: Strengthening Surveillance and Response Capacities of the Rural Workforce in the Asia-Pacific Region. How Can Grass-Roots Implementation Research Help?

Author

Larkins, Sarah, primary, Carlisle, Karen, additional, Harrington, Humpress, additional, MacLaren, David, additional, Lovo, Etivina, additional, Harrington, Relmah, additional, Fernandes Alves, Lucsendar, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Delai, Mere, additional, and Whittaker, Maxine, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. The development and implementation of an oxygen treatment solution for health facilities in low and middle-income countries

Author

Howie, Stephen RC, primary, Ebruke, Bernard E, additional, Gil, Mireia, additional, Bradley, Beverly, additional, Nyassi, Ebrima, additional, Edmonds, Timothy, additional, Boladuadua, Sainimere, additional, Rasili, Senimili, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Mackenzie, Grant, additional, Cheng, Yu Ling, additional, Peel, David, additional, Vives-Tomas, Joan, additional, and Zaman, Syed MA, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage and density in children and adults in Fiji, using four cross-sectional surveys

Author

Neal, Eleanor F. G., primary, Nguyen, Cattram D., additional, Ratu, Felista T., additional, Dunne, Eileen M., additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Ortika, Belinda D., additional, Boelsen, Laura K., additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Reyburn, Rita C., additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Mulholland, E. Kim, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Antimicrobial resistance in the Pacific Island countries and territories

Author

Loftus, Michael, primary, Stewardson, Andrew, additional, Naidu, Ravi, additional, Coghlan, Ben, additional, Jenney, Adam, additional, Kepas, Jonila, additional, Lavu, Evelyn, additional, Munamua, Alex, additional, Peel, Trisha, additional, Sahai, Vinita, additional, Tekoaua, Rosemary, additional, Tudravu, Litia, additional, Zinihite, Julie, additional, Cheng, Allen, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, and Peleg, Anton, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Associations between ethnicity, social contact, and pneumococcal carriage three years post-PCV10 in Fiji

Author

Neal, Eleanor F.G., primary, Flasche, Stefan, additional, Nguyen, Cattram D., additional, Ratu, F. Tupou, additional, Dunne, Eileen M., additional, Koyamaibole, Lanieta, additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Ortika, Belinda D., additional, Boelsen, Laura K., additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Mulholland, E. Kim, additional, Edmunds, W. John, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. A Comparison of Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Carriage in Very Young Fijian Infants Born by Vaginal or Cesarean Delivery

Author

Neal, Eleanor Frances Georgina, primary, Nguyen, Cattram, additional, Ratu, Felista Tupou, additional, Matanitobua, Silivia, additional, Dunne, Eileen Margaret, additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Jenkins, Kylie M., additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Mulholland, Edward Kim, additional, and Russell, Fiona Mary, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Island-Wide Surveillance of Gastrointestinal Protozoan Infection on Fiji by Expanding Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Assessment Surveys as an Access Platform

Author

Kim, Sung Hye, primary, Rinamalo, Milika, additional, Rainima-Qaniuci, Meleresita, additional, Talemaitoga, Nemani, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Lowry, John H., additional, Choi, Min-Ho, additional, Hong, Sung-Tae, additional, Verweij, Jaco J., additional, Kelly-Hope, Louise, additional, and Stothard, J. Russell, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Eyelash Epilation in the Absence of Trichiasis : Results of a Population-Based Prevalence Survey in the Western Division of Fiji

Author

Macleod, Colin, Yalen, Chelsea, Butcher, Robert, Mudaliar, Umesh, Natutusau, Kinisimere, Rainima-Qaniuci, Mere, Haffenden, Chris, Watson, Conall, Cocks, Naomi, Cikamatana, Luisa, Roberts, Chrissy H., Marks, Michael, Rafai, Eric, Mabey, David C. W., Kama, Mike, Solomon, Anthony W., Macleod, Colin, Yalen, Chelsea, Butcher, Robert, Mudaliar, Umesh, Natutusau, Kinisimere, Rainima-Qaniuci, Mere, Haffenden, Chris, Watson, Conall, Cocks, Naomi, Cikamatana, Luisa, Roberts, Chrissy H., Marks, Michael, Rafai, Eric, Mabey, David C. W., Kama, Mike, and Solomon, Anthony W.

Abstract

Background The WHO definition of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) is "at least one eyelash touching the globe, or evidence of recent epilation of in-turned eyelashes ", reflecting the fact that epilation is used as a self-management tool for TT. In Fiji's Western Division, a high TT prevalence (8.7% in those aged >= 15 years) was reported in a 2012 survey, yet a 2013 survey found no TT and Fijian ophthalmologists rarely see TT cases. Local anecdote suggests that eyelash epilation is a common behaviour, even in the absence of trichiasis. Epilators may have been identified as TT cases in previous surveys. Methods We used a preliminary focus group to design an interview questionnaire, and subsequently conducted a population-based prevalence survey to estimate the prevalence of epilation in the absence of trichiasis, and factors associated with this behaviour, in the Western Division of Fiji. Results We sampled 695 individuals aged >= 15 years from a total of 457 households in 23 villages. 125 participants (18%) reported epilating their eyelashes at least once within the past year. Photographs were obtained of the eyes of 121/125 (97%) individuals who epilated, and subsequent analysis by an experienced trachoma grader found no cases of trachomatous conjunctival scarring or trichiasis. The age-and sex-adjusted prevalence of epilation in those aged >= 15 years was 8.6% ( 95% Cl 5.7-11.3%). iTaukei ethnicity, female gender, and a higher frequency of drinking kava root were independently associated with epilation. Conclusion Epilation occurs in this population in the absence of trichiasis, with sufficient frequency to have markedly inflated previous estimates of local TT prevalence. Individuals with epilated eyelashes should be confirmed as having epilated in-turned eyelashes in an eye with scarring of the conjunctiva before being counted as cases of TT.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Eyelash Epilation in the Absence of Trichiasis: Results of a Population-Based Prevalence Survey in the Western Division of Fiji

Author

Macleod, Colin, primary, Yalen, Chelsea, additional, Butcher, Robert, additional, Mudaliar, Umesh, additional, Natutusau, Kinisimere, additional, Rainima-Qaniuci, Mere, additional, Haffenden, Chris, additional, Watson, Conall, additional, Cocks, Naomi, additional, Cikamatana, Luisa, additional, Roberts, Chrissy H., additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Mabey, David C. W., additional, Kama, Mike, additional, and Solomon, Anthony W., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Sustained antibody responses six years following one, two, or three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in adolescent Fijian girls, and subsequent responses to a single dose of bivalent HPV vaccine: a prospective cohort study

Author

Toh, Zheng Quan, primary, Russell, Fiona M., additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Fong, James, additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Ratu, Tupou, additional, Nguyen, Cattram D., additional, Devi, Rachel, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Matanitobua, Silivia, additional, Tabrizi, Sepehr N., additional, Garland, Suzanne M., additional, Sinha, Rohit, additional, Frazer, Ian, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Kado, Joseph, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Mulholland, Edward K., additional, and Licciardi, Paul V., additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Real-time qPCR improves meningitis pathogen detection in invasive bacterial-vaccine preventable disease surveillance in Fiji

Author

Dunne, Eileen M., primary, Mantanitobua, Silivia, additional, Singh, Shalini P., additional, Reyburn, Rita, additional, Tuivaga, Evelyn, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Tikoduadua, Lisi, additional, Porter, Barbara, additional, Satzke, Catherine, additional, Strachan, Janet E., additional, Fox, Kimberly K., additional, Jenkins, Kylie M., additional, Jenney, Adam, additional, Baro, Silo, additional, Mulholland, E. Kim, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, and Russell, Fiona M., additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Low Prevalence of Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Active Trachoma in the Western Division of Fiji

Author

Macleod, Colin K., primary, Butcher, Robert, additional, Mudaliar, Umesh, additional, Natutusau, Kinisimere, additional, Pavluck, Alexandre L., additional, Willis, Rebecca, additional, Alexander, Neal, additional, Mabey, David C. W., additional, Cikamatana, Luisa, additional, Kama, Mike, additional, Rafai, Eric, additional, Roberts, Chrissy H., additional, and Solomon, Anthony W., additional

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results