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Syed Haider Ali Shah,1 Mochammad Fahlevi,2 Kamran Jamshed,3 Nida Aman,3 Nosheen Rafiq,3 Kittisak Jermsittiparsert,4 Mohammed Aljuaid5 1Department of Business Studies, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 2Management Department, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 4Faculty of Education, University of City Island, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus; 5Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mochammad Fahlevi, Email mochammad.fahlevi@binus.ac.idPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the synergistic impact of workplace spirituality (WPS), responsible leadership (RL), and pro-environmental behavior (PEB) within the context of Pakistan’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) along with the mediating mechanism of Affective commitment (AC).Methods: Our study utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze survey data collected from 390 employees within Pakistani SMEs. We develop a single unified framework to test the hypothesized relationships between RL, PEB, and AC as a mediator.Results: Our results unveil significant positive relationships between WPS, RL, and PEB. Our findings endorse both the direct connections between WPS, RL, and PEB, as well as the mediating mechanisms through AC. This study offers novel insights into the influence of PEB in the context of Pakistan’s SMEs.Conclusion: The research significantly contributes to the existing literature by examining WPS, RL, PEB, and AC in the context of Pakistan’s SMEs. The study’s conclusions emphasize the potential benefits of integrating WPS and RL into business practices to encourage PEB. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of our research and suggest future avenues for further exploration in this vital area of sustainable business management.Keywords: workplace spirituality, respon

Despite research suggesting that pro-environmental behaviors offer a range of positive benefits for organizations and that corporate social responsibility (CSR) positively affects employee behaviors and attitudes, very few studies have investigated how CSR affects pro-environmental behaviours. As such, this study investigates the impact of perceived CSR on employees' pro-environmental behaviours through organizational identification and coworkers' pro-environmental advocacy. Using a multistage sampling technique, a survey of line managers was conducted across 32 hotels in the understudied context of Malaysia's hotel industry. Based on 331 completed questionnaires, the results suggest that perceived CSR activities drive organizational identification and trigger coworkers’ pro-environmental advocacy, which in turn generate employees’ pro-environmental behaviours. The study offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between perceived CSR and pro-environmental behaviors and discusses the theoretical and research contributions and managerial implications.