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AbstractEssential oils (EOs) of Citrus reticulata(C. reticulata, mandarin) peels and Thymus vulgaris(T. vulgaris) are well known active microbial inhibitors. Nanoemulsion preparation is a modern technique for enhancing antimicrobial potentialities. EOs of both plants were prepared and chemically characterized using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Methyl-N-methyl anthranilate (non terpenoidal compound) and monoterpene hydrocarbons are the main components of mandarin peels EO with relative concentrations of 61.07% and 35.15%, respectively. Whereas, T. vulgariswas characterized by abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons with relative concentrations of 66.89%, and 25.74%, respectively. The antimicrobial potentialities of EOs and their nanoemulsions were assayed. Mandarin EO exhibited strong activities against Citrobacter diversus(ATCC 13315), Proteus vulgaris(ATCC 13315), and Escherichia coli(resis.) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 12.5 and 25 μg mL−1, respectively. On the other hand, mandarin nanoemulsion showed potentialities against all strains with MIC and MBC of 3.13 and 6.25 μg mL−1, respectively. T. vulgarisEO showed antibacterial potentialities against C. diversus, P. vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli(resis.) with MIC of 0.19 μg mL−1and a moderate activity against the other strains. Also, its nanoemulsion exhibited better growth inhibition against C. diversus, P. vulgaris, and E. coli(resis.) at 0.19 μg mL−1. Mandarin EO possessed significant antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabratawith MIC of 0.19, 0.78, and 1.56 μg mL−1, respectively. The mandarin nanoemulsion had a significant activity against C. glabrataand C. tropicaliswith MIC of 0.39 and 1.56 μg mL−1, respectively. T. vulgarisEO and its nanoemulsion are significant antifungals for all strains with MIC of 0.19 and 0.39 μg mL−1, respectively. The findings deduced the significant role of EOs of both plants and their nanoformulations as antimicrobial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Background: New aryl substituted cyclohepta[b]pyridine and cyclohepta[d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized. The sugar hydrazones of the synthesized pyridine and pyrimidine compounds were also prepared. Method: In addition, the 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl acyclic C-nucleoside analogs of the pyridine system were prepared. The hemolytic, prebiotic, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of some of the synthesized compounds were also studied. Compounds 10 and 12 showed high activity against MCF-7, HEPG-2 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 at range 3.56-8.55 μg/mL. In addition, the synthesized condensed thiopyrimidine derivative 10 exhibited more potent bactericidal activity while compound 7 demonstrated potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, the synthetic compounds of the pyrimidine base promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Results: The predicted binding patterns of three of the prepared derivatives as possible antagonists against ERα were investigated which showed good binding patterns.